Vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring and sealing method

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring and a sealing method, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle pipeline sealing. The sealing rubber ring comprises an annular rubber ring body, the rubber ring body is sequentially connected with the sealing ring and the tail pipe in the axial direction, the rubber ring body, the sealing ring and the tail pipe are provided with fractures penetrating in the axial direction, and the two sides of the fractures abut against each other. A first buckle part and a second buckle part are arranged on the two sides of the fracture of the rubber ring body respectively, and the outline of the protruding first buckle part and the outline of the concave second buckle part are the same in shape and are the buckle outline. The outline of the buckle penetrates through the rubber ring body in the radial direction. Due to the fact that the outline of the buckle penetrates through the rubber ring body in the radial direction, a zigzag gap can be formed in the fracture of the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring in the length direction of a pipeline bundle, the sealing performance is improved, the problem that due to aging and other reasons, the abutting degree of the fracture is reduced, and consequently air tightness is insufficient is solved, and the anti-loosening performance of the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vehicle pipeline sealing technology, specifically relating to a vehicle pipeline sealing ring and sealing method. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] In vehicle manufacturing and repair, wiring harnesses (such as electrical wires, oil pipes, and air pipes) need to pass through mounting holes in the vehicle body sheet metal. The sealing of these gaps directly affects the vehicle's airtightness, waterproofing, and electrical safety. Therefore, sealing rings are installed between the wiring harness and the mounting holes to seal the gap. Traditional closed-loop sealing rings need to be inserted from the end of the wiring harness and then moved along the length of the harness to the mounting hole, which is time-consuming. The sealing rings are also subject to long-term vehicle vibration (10~2000Hz) and temperature changes (-40℃~80℃), causing the rubber to age and shrink, leading to failure. To facilitate installation, some sealing rings have open structures, but the use of a flat snap-fit ​​design at the opening makes them prone to loosening due to bumps and vibrations during vehicle operation.

[0004] Therefore, existing sealing ring structures still have problems such as weak sealing, easy loosening, and poor installation adaptability. There is an urgent need for a sealing solution that takes into account the ease of installation, sealing reliability, and structural stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a sealing ring and sealing method for vehicle pipelines. The ring adopts an open-ring design, with an anti-dislodgement buckle at the opening to resist bumps and vibrations, and uses a double-layer sealing ring to improve airtightness, thereby significantly improving installation convenience, sealing reliability and structural stability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, a vehicle pipeline sealing ring includes an annular ring body, which is sequentially connected to a sealing ring and a tailpipe in the axial direction. The ring body, sealing ring, and tailpipe are provided with axially continuous breaks, and the two sides of the breaks abut against each other. A first buckle and a second buckle are respectively provided on both sides of the breaks of the ring body. The protruding first buckle and the recessed second buckle have the same shape as the buckle profile. The buckle profile extends through the ring body in the radial direction.

[0007] Secondly, a vehicle pipeline sealing method based on the aforementioned vehicle pipeline sealing ring includes the following steps: S1. Open the broken end of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring at a set angle, and place the pipeline bundle from the side to the center position of the sealing ring body, sealing ring and tailpipe. S2. Move the vehicle pipeline sealing ring to the mounting hole position on the body sheet metal part so that the outer side of the sealing ring fits against the mounting hole; S3. Insert one of the clips into the other clip and make the radial surface of the rubber ring body flat to complete the installation.

[0008] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring of the present invention is made of an elastic material, and its break can open to achieve lateral installation of the pipeline. Compared with the traditional closed-loop sealing ring, it improves assembly efficiency and speeds up installation. Because the snap-fit ​​profile extends radially through the main body of the ring, the break of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring can form a tortuous gap along the length of the pipeline bundle, improving sealing performance and preventing insufficient airtightness due to decreased contact at the break due to aging or other reasons.

[0009] 2. The barbs and anti-slip teeth of the snap-fit ​​design enhance the structural stability of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring. The internal reinforcing fibers increase the snap-fit's strength, significantly improving its resistance to loosening under long-term vibration. The sealing ring consists of an inner and outer sealing ring. The inner sealing ring contacts the pipeline, while the outer sealing ring contacts the sheet metal. Using materials with different properties improves the overall device's anti-aging effect, further enhancing its resistance to loosening. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring in Example 1. Figure 1 .

[0012] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the barb and anti-slip teeth in Example 1.

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial section of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring in Example 1.

[0014] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring in Example 1. Figure 2 .

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring in Example 1. Figure 3 .

[0016] The components include: 1. Rubber ring body; 11. Outer end face; 12. Inner end face; 13. Outer annular surface; 14. Inner annular surface; 2. Sealing ring; 21. Sealing ring skeleton; 22. Inner sealing ring; 23. Outer sealing ring; 3. Tail tube; 4. Break; 5. First buckle; 51. Barb; 52. Neck; 53. End; 6. Second buckle; 61. Anti-slip teeth; 7. Groove; 8. Sheet metal part; 9. Pipeline harness. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0018] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0019] One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle pipeline sealing ring, comprising an annular ring body, wherein the ring body is sequentially connected to a sealing ring and a tailpipe in the axial direction, and the ring body, the sealing ring, and the tailpipe are provided with an axially continuous break, with the two sides of the break abutting against each other; a first buckle and a second buckle are respectively provided on both sides of the break of the ring body, wherein the protruding first buckle and the recessed second buckle have the same shape as the buckle profile; the buckle profile penetrates the ring body in the radial direction.

[0020] In the above structure, the rubber ring body is attached to the sheet metal surface outside the mounting hole to limit the position of the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring; the outer groove between the rubber ring body and the sealing ring is attached to and squeezed against the wall of the mounting hole to achieve an airtight effect with the wall of the mounting hole; the inner side of the sealing ring is attached to and squeezed against the pipeline harness to achieve an airtight effect with the pipeline harness; the pipeline harness is completely wrapped by the tailpipe to further improve the airtight reliability; the outline opening of the buckle assembly is located on the radial wall of the rubber ring body, so that the axial wall of the rubber ring body remains flat and can fit against the sheet metal.

[0021] Optionally, the sealing ring is conical, with the large end connected to the rubber ring body and the small end connected to the tailpipe, and its shape is consistent with the mounting hole of the vehicle sheet metal part.

[0022] Optionally, a barb is provided on the contact surface of the first and second parts of the buckle, and anti-slip teeth are provided on the contact surface of the second part of the buckle with the barb. On the basis of the overall contour of the first and second parts of the buckle being consistent, a local locking structure is further added to improve the connection strength. The protrusion height of the first part of the buckle and the recess depth of the second part of the buckle are consistent, both being 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the circumference of the annular mid-diameter position. The protrusion height of the barb and the groove depth of the anti-slip teeth are consistent, both being 2.5 to 3.5 mm. The angle of the barb is 30 to 45°. The anti-slip teeth and the barb interlock with each other to form a "two-way limiting" to solve the problem that traditional open rubber rings are easy to loosen by relying solely on friction. This ensures that the buckle will not come off after a reverse pull force of ≥15N and prevents vibration from causing it to loosen.

[0023] Optionally, the first part of the buckle includes a neck connecting the rubber ring body and an end located at the end of the neck. In the direction perpendicular to the insertion of the first part of the buckle into the second part of the buckle, the width of the end is greater than that of the neck, and the anti-slip teeth are provided on the neck.

[0024] Optionally, the main body of the rubber ring is made of EPDM rubber, which takes into account both weather resistance (no cracking from -40℃ to 120℃) and elasticity (elongation ≥300%). The material of the first and second parts of the buckle is mixed with reinforcing fibers to improve structural strength and prevent breakage during insertion and removal that would affect airtightness.

[0025] Optionally, the sealing ring includes an inner sealing ring and an outer sealing ring, with the outer diameter of the outer sealing ring being larger than the inner diameter of the mounting hole at its maximum. The tail tube is tapered and forms a sealing cavity with the inner sealing ring to ensure the sealing reliability of the pipeline harness. The inner sealing ring, the outer sealing ring, the tapered tail tube, and the rubber ring body are integrally formed.

[0026] Optionally, the outer diameter of the rubber ring body is larger than the mounting hole of the vehicle body sheet metal part to prevent the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring from moving along the length direction of the pipeline harness. A groove is provided on the radial outer side of the position between the rubber ring body and the sealing ring, and the groove is used to engage the vehicle body sheet metal part.

[0027] Optionally, the tailpipe is tapered, with a sealing ring connected to the large end and an open small end.

[0028] One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle pipeline sealing method based on the above-mentioned vehicle pipeline sealing ring, comprising the following steps: S1. Open the broken end of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring at a set angle, and place the pipeline bundle from the side to the center position of the sealing ring body, sealing ring and tailpipe. S2. Move the vehicle pipeline sealing ring to the mounting hole position on the body sheet metal part so that the outer side of the sealing ring fits against the mounting hole; S3. Insert one of the clips into the other clip and make the radial surface of the rubber ring body flat to complete the installation.

[0029] In the above process, first open the pipe sealing ring clip, and make sure the opening size matches the diameter of the pipe harness. Then, insert the pipe harness into the sealing ring from the side. Next, move the pipe sealing ring into the mounting hole of the body sheet metal part. Finally, snap the clip of the main body of the ring located outside the mounting hole to form a complete vehicle pipe sealing ring.

[0030] Optionally, in S3, the barb of the first part of the buckle engages with the anti-slip teeth of the second part of the buckle to improve the anti-loosening effect.

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0032] Example In vehicle manufacturing and maintenance, wiring harnesses need to pass through the wiring holes (mounting holes for wiring harnesses) in the body sheet metal. The wiring harnesses are isolated from the body sheet metal by sealing rings. Vehicles are subjected to vibrations of 10~2000Hz for a long time and temperature changes of -40~80℃. Traditional closed-loop sealing rings require the pre-installed wiring harness to be disassembled, the sealing ring to be inserted at the end and installed into the wiring hole, and then the wiring harness to be reinstalled. The whole process takes about 8 minutes. Moreover, traditional closed-loop sealing rings are prone to overall deformation after aging, and the airtightness at the wiring hole position decreases by 30~50%, resulting in problems such as rainwater and moisture seepage and external noise being introduced into the vehicle through the wiring hole. On the other hand, some open-loop sealing rings use a flat snap-on design without anti-loosening function. During vehicle operation, the snap-on loosening rate is more than 25% due to bumps and vibrations, requiring frequent rework and maintenance.

[0033] This embodiment provides a vehicle pipeline sealing ring, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an annular rubber ring body 1, which is connected to a sealing ring 2 and a tail pipe 3 in sequence along the axial direction. The rubber ring body 1, the sealing ring 2 and the tail pipe 3 are provided with a break 4 along the length of the pipeline bundle, and the two sides of the break 4 abut against each other to maintain airtightness.

[0034] The main body 1 of the rubber ring is annular, including an outer end face 11 and an inner end face 12 perpendicular to the length direction of the tubing bundle. The outer end face 11 is located on the side of the inner end face 12 away from the sealing ring 2. The main body 1 of the rubber ring also includes radial surfaces perpendicular to the outer end face 11 and the inner end face 12, namely an outer annular surface 13 and an inner annular surface 14, respectively. A first snap 5 and a second snap 6 are respectively provided on both sides of the break 4 of the main body 1 of the rubber ring. The protruding first snap 5 and the concave second snap 6 have the same shape as the snap outline. The snap outline penetrates the main body 1 of the rubber ring in the radial direction, that is, the snap outline passes through the outer annular surface 13 and the inner annular surface 14, but does not pass through the outer end face 11 and the inner end face 12. The circumference of the annular rubber ring main body 1 at the middle diameter position is 200mm. The protrusion height of the first snap and the concavity depth of the second snap are the same, both being 40mm.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the sealing ring 2 is conical, with the large end connected to the rubber ring body 1 and the small end connected to the tailpipe 3, which is consistent with the shape of the wire hole of the vehicle sheet metal part.

[0036] The first part of the snap fastener 5 includes a neck 52 connected to the main body 1 of the rubber ring. The end of the neck 52 is an end 53. In the direction perpendicular to the insertion of the first part of the snap fastener 5 into the second part of the snap fastener 6, the width of the end 53 is greater than that of the neck 52. The neck is provided with a barb 51 facing the second part of the snap fastener. The second part of the snap fastener 6 is provided with anti-slip teeth 61 on the contact surface with the barb 51. On the basis of the overall contour of the first part of the snap fastener 5 and the second part of the snap fastener 6, a local snapping structure is further added to improve the connection strength. The protrusion height of the barb 51 and the groove depth of the anti-slip teeth 61 are the same, both being 2.5mm. The angle of the barb 51 is 30°. The anti-slip teeth 61 and the barb 51 interlock with each other to form a "two-way limit" to solve the problem that traditional open rubber rings are easy to loosen by relying solely on friction. This ensures that the reverse pull force ≥15N after snapping will not cause it to come off and prevents vibration from causing it to loosen. Although there is a small gap between the first part of the snap fastener 5 and the second part of the snap fastener 6, the direction of this gap is perpendicular to the length direction of the pipeline harness. Therefore, it is not a gap connecting the inside and outside of the vehicle and does not affect the sealing performance.

[0037] The main body of the rubber ring 1 is made of EPDM rubber, which combines weather resistance (no cracking from -40℃ to 120℃) and elasticity (elongation ≥300%). The materials of the first buckle 5 and the second buckle 6 are mixed with reinforcing fibers to improve structural strength, which can support ≥10 disassembly and assembly without affecting performance and prevent breakage during insertion and removal that would affect airtightness.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, the sealing ring 2 includes an inner sealing ring 22 and an outer sealing ring 23, which are made of the same material as the rubber ring body 1 and are connected as one piece. The inner diameter of the inner sealing ring 22 is consistent with the outer diameter of the pipeline harness, and the dimension in the length direction of the pipeline harness (the thickness of the inner sealing ring 22) is 3mm. After installation, it can undergo 0.2~0.5mm radial shrinkage due to the compression of the pipeline harness, so as to achieve a tight fit with the outer wall of the pipeline. The outer sealing ring 23 is set on the outer side of the inner sealing ring 22 in the radial direction. The thickness of the outer sealing ring 23 is 3.6mm. Since the wire hole is a rigid structure, the outer layer needs to be thicker to resist the extrusion deformation and to compensate for the processing error of the wire hole. After installation, it can undergo 0.2~0.5mm radial shrinkage due to the extrusion of the sheet metal parts, so as to achieve a tight fit with the wire hole, ensuring that the sealing cavity formed by the outer sealing ring 23, the inner sealing ring 22 and the pipeline harness 9 is uniformly stressed. The inner sealing ring 22 is made of high-elastic rubber.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer diameter of the rubber ring body 1 is larger than the wire passage hole of the body sheet metal part 8 to prevent the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring from moving along the length direction of the pipeline harness 9. The rubber ring body 1 and the inner end face 12 are separated from the outer sealing ring 23 of the sealing ring by a set distance to form a groove 7. The groove 7 enables the rubber ring to fit tightly and be firmly locked to the wire passage hole of the sheet metal part 8. The tapered tailpipe 3 forms a sealing cavity with the inner sealing ring 22 to ensure the sealing reliability of the pipeline harness; the inner sealing ring 22, the outer sealing ring 23, the tapered tailpipe 3 and the rubber ring body 1 are integrally formed.

[0040] The vehicle pipeline sealing method of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. The operator wears gloves (to prevent oil from contaminating the rubber ring and affecting the seal), and holds the first and second buckles 5 and 6 on both sides of the section 4 symmetrically with both hands (avoiding the inner and outer sealing rings to prevent compression and deformation). Slowly apply an external force of ≤10N to make the rubber ring body 1 elastically deform. The section 4 gradually opens to an opening of 45±5° (maximum opening amount 18mm, not exceeding the permanent deformation limit of 20mm). Ensure that the pipeline harness can be inserted laterally to open the section 4 of the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring at the set angle. From the opened opening, place the pipeline harness laterally to the center of the rubber ring body 1, sealing ring 2 and tailpipe 3. At this time, the inner sealing ring 22 is squeezed by the pipeline and shrinks radially by 0.2~0.5mm to form a preliminary fit. S2. Hold the rubber ring body 1 and move the vehicle pipeline sealing rubber ring to the wire hole position of the body sheet metal part 8. Adjust the position so that the outer sealing ring 23 is concentric with the wire hole (concentricity error ≤ 1mm, to avoid uneven force on the outer layer leading to sealing gap), so that the outer side of the sealing ring is in contact with the wire hole. S3. Apply an axial pressure of 8N to the first part of the buckle 5 (this can be done manually, without special tools). The barb of the first part of the buckle 5 will be compressed and deformed under pressure (shrinking by 1-1.5mm). After it is fully embedded into the second part of the buckle 6, the barb of the first part of the buckle 5 will elastically rebound and engage with the serrated anti-slip teeth of the second part of the buckle 6, making a "click" sound to indicate that the buckle is in place. Finally, gently pull the rubber ring body 1 (pulling force ≤ 5N) to confirm the locking effect of the buckle and keep the outer annular surface 13 and the inner annular surface 14 of the rubber ring body 1 flat to complete the installation.

[0041] After installation, visually inspect the fit between the outer sealing ring 23 and the wire hole. If local lifting is found due to misalignment of the installation position, the buckle can be pried open again with both hands (using the elasticity of the buckle part 5, apply a reverse pulling force of 15N to disengage it). After readjusting the position of the rubber ring, repeat the buckle fixing operation in step S3.

[0042] To ensure that the sealing performance meets the standards, the following two testing methods are used for verification: 1) Smoke test (qualitative test): Using an SM-200 smoke generator, atomized glycerin with a concentration of 5% (simulating water vapor and dust during vehicle operation) is introduced into the inside of the wiring hole in the body panel (the side closer to the interior of the body). At the same time, a transparent polycarbonate cover is used to cover the brake oil line bundle side (the side closer to the engine compartment) (the cover is sealed to the oil line and wiring hole). Observe for 1 minute. If no smoke enters the cover, or the smoke leakage is ≤5ml / min (measured by a flow meter), the seal is deemed qualified (verifying the barrier effect of the double-layer sealing ring).

[0043] 2) Air tightness test (quantitative test): Using an AT-300 high-precision sealing tester, the test probe is connected to the sealed cavity (approximately 100 cm³) formed by the wire hole and the rubber ring. 3 After pressurizing the cavity to 50 kPa, stop pressurizing and enter the pressure holding stage (lasting 5 minutes); if the pressure drop during the pressure holding period is ≤10 Pa / min (instrument accuracy ±0.1 Pa), the seal is deemed qualified.

[0044] The fact that the vehicle pipeline sealing ring in this embodiment can pass the above two tests indicates that the double-layer sealing structure composed of the inner sealing ring 22 and the outer sealing ring 23 can solve the problem of poor reliability of traditional single-layer sealing rings.

[0045] Comparative tests showed that the installation time of this embodiment is ≤2 minutes (75% shorter than that of the closed-loop rubber ring).

[0046] After installation, the in-vehicle noise level was 58dB, a 4dB reduction compared to a single-layer rubber ring (62dB).

[0047] After 100 hours of vibration testing (10-2000Hz, 10g acceleration), the buckles did not loosen and the sealing performance did not deteriorate.

[0048] The above fully demonstrates the significant advantages of this invention in terms of installation efficiency, sealing reliability, and structural stability.

[0049] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sealing ring for vehicle pipelines, characterized in that, The device includes an annular rubber ring body, which is sequentially connected to a sealing ring and a tail tube in the axial direction. The rubber ring body, sealing ring, and tail tube are provided with axially continuous breaks, and the two sides of the breaks abut against each other. A first buckle and a second buckle are respectively provided on both sides of the breaks of the rubber ring body. The protruding first buckle and the recessed second buckle have the same shape as the buckle outline, which is a buckle outline. The buckle outline penetrates the rubber ring body in the radial direction.

2. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing ring is conical, with the large end connected to the rubber ring body and the small end connected to the tail pipe.

3. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The contact surfaces of the first and second parts of the buckle are provided with barbs, and the second part of the buckle is provided with anti-slip teeth on the contact surfaces with the barbs; the protrusion height of the barbs is consistent with the groove depth of the anti-slip teeth.

4. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The first part of the buckle includes a neck connecting the rubber ring body and an end located at the end of the neck. In the direction perpendicular to the first part of the buckle being inserted into the second part of the buckle, the width of the end is greater than that of the neck, and the barb is provided on the neck.

5. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the rubber ring is made of EPDM rubber; the materials of the first and second parts of the buckle are mixed with reinforcing fibers.

6. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sealing ring includes an inner sealing ring and an outer sealing ring, with the outer diameter of the outer sealing ring being larger than the mounting hole at its maximum.

7. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the rubber ring body is larger than the mounting hole of the body sheet metal part; a groove is provided on the radially outer side between the rubber ring body and the sealing ring.

8. The vehicle pipeline sealing ring as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The tailpipe is conical in shape, with a sealing ring connected to the large end and an open small end.

9. A method for sealing vehicle pipelines based on a vehicle pipeline sealing ring as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Open the broken end of the vehicle pipeline sealing ring at a set angle, and place the pipeline bundle from the side to the center position of the sealing ring body, sealing ring and tailpipe. S2. Move the vehicle pipeline sealing ring to the mounting hole position on the body sheet metal part so that the outer side of the sealing ring fits against the mounting hole; S3. Insert one of the clips into the other clip and make the radial surface of the rubber ring body flat to complete the installation.

10. The vehicle pipeline sealing method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In S3, the barb of the first part of the buckle engages with the anti-slip teeth of the second part of the buckle.

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