Pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of live-line maintenance, in particular to a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system and method, and the system comprises a gas source box, and an insulating operating rod and a multifunctional working head which are connected with the gas source box; a high-pressure main gas circuit and an anti-rust oil pipeline are arranged in the insulating operating rod, and the tail end is connected with the multifunctional operating head through a universal connecting mechanism. The multifunctional operation head comprises a shell, an internal airflow distribution valve and a central bolt sleeve with a rotatable front end, a self-adaptive clamping mechanism for automatically clamping a bolt head under pressure is arranged at the end part of the sleeve, transverse and axial air nozzles are arrayed at the periphery of the sleeve, an internal gas path communicated with all the air nozzles is arranged in the sleeve, and inlets of the gas path and the oil path are connected with the airflow distribution valve through a rotary air-tight seal joint. High-pressure air flow can be guided to different air path branches by operating the air flow distribution valve and sprayed out from the corresponding air nozzles, bolt fastening, directional blowing or anti-rust oil atomization oiling are achieved, and the problems that in the prior art, the function is single, and tools need to be replaced repeatedly are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of live-line maintenance, and specifically to a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for reliability in power distribution networks, long-term live operation of distribution equipment faces two major drawbacks: firstly, dust accumulation on equipment surfaces easily leads to flashover and short circuits; secondly, outdoor bolts loosen, corrode, or even overheat due to thermal expansion and contraction and electrodynamic forces. Traditional power outage methods can no longer meet the rigid requirements of "minimal outages and rapid repairs." In existing technology, CN202238718U discloses a "pneumatic live equipment casing rust removal device," which only uses a pneumatically rotating wire brush for rust removal. This single-function device cannot simultaneously perform bolt tightening, dust blowing, and rust-preventive oiling. Furthermore, its rigid rotating head lacks adaptive clamping capability for irregular bolt heads, requiring repeated tool changes and multiple raising and lowering of the insulating rod, extending live-line work time and increasing personnel exposure risks. This is ill-suited to the dense, complex, and multi-defect-prone environment of the Xiong'an distribution network. Therefore, how to complete the "tightening-blowing-coating" operations in a single operation using a single air source, while ensuring reliable clamping and bidirectional torque output for bolts of different specifications, has become a core challenge restricting the efficiency of live-line maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system and method to solve the problems of existing live-line maintenance tools having limited functions, requiring repeated tool replacements and lifting of insulating rods, making it difficult to complete bolt tightening, dust blowing and rust prevention oiling operations in one go using a single air source, resulting in long live-line operation time and high personnel exposure risk.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted.

[0005] A pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance system includes an air source box, an oil source box, an insulated operating rod connected to the air source box and the oil source box, and a multi-functional working head. The insulated operating rod has a high-pressure main air path and a rust-proof oil pipeline inside, one end of which is connected to the air source box, and the other end is connected to the multi-functional working head via a universal joint. The multi-functional working head includes a housing, an airflow distribution valve, and a central bolt sleeve. The high-pressure main air path and the rust-proof oil pipeline are respectively connected to the air inlet and oil inlet of the airflow distribution valve. The central bolt sleeve is rotatably mounted at the front end of the housing, with an adaptive clamping mechanism at its end and multiple air outlets, including transverse and axial air outlets, on its outer peripheral wall. The central bolt sleeve has an internal air path communicating with the air outlets and an internal oil path with its outlet located inside the axial air outlet. The internal air path and internal oil path are respectively connected to the corresponding outlet positions of the airflow distribution valve via rotary air-sealed joints. By operating the airflow distribution valve, high-pressure airflow can be selectively directed to different air outlets, driving the central bolt sleeve to rotate and tighten, generating airflow for purging or atomizing oil spray.

[0006] Optionally, the transverse jet nozzle includes a forward-rotating jet nozzle and a reverse-rotating jet nozzle. The jet direction of the forward-rotating jet nozzle forms a first angle with the tangent direction of the central bolt sleeve, and the jet direction of the reverse-rotating jet nozzle forms a second angle with the tangent direction of the central bolt sleeve. The first angle and the second angle are opposite in direction, so that the reaction force generated by the ejected airflow drives the central bolt sleeve to rotate in different directions.

[0007] Optionally, the axial jet nozzle is composed of at least one cleaning jet nozzle facing directly forward; the outlet end of the rust-preventive oil pipeline extends to the periphery of the cleaning jet nozzle; when the high-pressure airflow flows through the cleaning jet nozzle, a negative pressure zone is formed at the outlet of the cleaning jet nozzle, which is used to draw out the rust-preventive oil from the rust-preventive oil pipeline and mix it with the airflow before spraying it out.

[0008] Optionally, the adaptive clamping mechanism includes a tapered push rod, multiple clamping claws, and a return spring; the tapered push rod is coaxially disposed in the inner hole of the central bolt sleeve, and the front end of the tapered push rod is a tapered surface; the multiple clamping claws are circumferentially hinged to the end of the central bolt sleeve, and the inner side of the clamping claws is an inclined surface that mates with the tapered surface of the tapered push rod; the return spring applies a preload force to the tapered push rod, causing it to tend to move backward; when the end of the central bolt sleeve contacts the bolt being fastened, the central bolt sleeve is subjected to a rearward axial reaction force, pushing the clamping claws to move backward relative to the tapered push rod, and the tapered surface at the front end of the tapered push rod forces the multiple clamping claws to retract towards the center, thereby realizing the clamping action.

[0009] Optionally, the valve core of the airflow distribution valve is mechanically connected to a mode selection knob located outside the housing via a connecting rod; the end face of the airflow distribution valve near the universal joint is provided with an air inlet and an oil inlet, and the opposite end face is provided with multiple air outlets and one oil outlet. The multiple air outlets and the oil outlet are all provided with concentric rotating track grooves on their outer peripheries, forming multiple workstations; rotating the mode selection knob drives the valve core to switch between multiple workstations; the multiple workstations include: a first purging workstation, which directs the high-pressure airflow only to an internal air path branch connected to the axial jet port, generating a directional purging airflow for direct purging; a second purging workstation, which simultaneously directs the high-pressure airflow to a branch connected to both the forward-rotating jet port and the axial jet port... The system comprises the following steps: An internal airflow branch drives the central bolt sleeve to rotate and perform rotary purging; a first fastening station directs high-pressure airflow to the internal airflow branch connected to the forward-rotating jet nozzle, driving the central bolt sleeve to rotate forward; a second fastening station directs high-pressure airflow to the internal airflow branch connected to the reverse-rotating jet nozzle, driving the central bolt sleeve to rotate in reverse; a first oiling station directs high-pressure airflow only to the internal airflow branch connected to the axial jet nozzle and controls its flow rate, while simultaneously opening the oil outlet to allow the airflow to mix with the rust-preventive oil and spray directly; a second oiling station simultaneously directs high-pressure airflow to the internal airflow branch connected to both the forward-rotating jet nozzle and the axial jet nozzle, opens the oil outlet, drives the central bolt sleeve to rotate, and performs rotary spraying.

[0010] A pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance method includes the following steps: The operator drives the valve core of the airflow distribution valve to switch between multiple positions by rotating the mode selection knob, so that the valve core connects the air inlet and different air outlets, oil inlet and oil outlet on the airflow distribution valve, realizing the connection between the high pressure main air circuit and the rust-proof oil pipeline and the specific branches of the air circuit and internal oil circuit inside the central bolt sleeve, thus completing the function mode selection. High-pressure airflow enters the internal air passage of the central bolt sleeve through the high-pressure main air passage, the corresponding air outlet of the airflow distribution valve, and the rotary air seal joint; rust-preventive oil enters the internal oil passage of the central bolt sleeve through the rust-preventive oil pipeline, the oil outlet of the airflow distribution valve, and the rotary air seal joint. Depending on the selected function mode, the high-pressure airflow is ejected from the corresponding transverse jet or axial jet. When ejected from the transverse jet, it generates a reaction force to drive the central bolt sleeve to rotate. When ejected from the axial jet, it forms a directional purging airflow or mixes with the rust-preventive oil output from the internal oil circuit to form atomized oil. After the operation is completed, rotate the mode selection knob in the opposite direction to reset the valve core and cut off the connection between the air and oil circuits.

[0011] Optionally, when performing the bolt tightening function, the following steps are included: Switch the airflow distribution valve to the first or second fastening position using the mode selection knob, so that the high-pressure main air path is only connected to the internal air path branch corresponding to the forward or reverse jet nozzle. Align the center bolt sleeve with the bolt head to be operated and apply axial thrust. Under the reaction force, the center bolt sleeve moves backward relative to the tapered push rod, causing the clamping claw to slide along the tapered surface of the tapered push rod and retract towards the center until the bolt head is clamped. High-pressure airflow is ejected from the forward or reverse jet nozzle, generating a reaction force that drives the central bolt sleeve to rotate the bolt head synchronously, thus completing the tightening or loosening of the bolt. After the bolt is tightened or loosened to the correct position, the axial thrust is reduced, the return spring pushes the conical push rod to return to its original position, and the clamping jaws open under the action of the inclined plane, disengaging from the bolt head.

[0012] Optionally, the purge function may include the following steps: If a localized area needs to be cleaned directionally, switch the airflow distribution valve to the first purging position using the mode selection knob. This will connect the high-pressure main air path only to the internal air path branch corresponding to the axial jet nozzle. The high-pressure airflow will be ejected from the axial jet nozzle to form a directional purging airflow, which will directly purge the target area. If it is necessary to expand the cleaning of a large area, switch the airflow distribution valve to the second purging position by using the mode selection knob. This will connect the high-pressure main air path with the internal air path branches corresponding to the forward rotation jet and the axial jet. The high-pressure airflow drives the central bolt sleeve to rotate, and at the same time, it sprays out from the axial jet to form a rotating purging airflow to clean the target area in a circular range. During the purging process, the intensity of the purging airflow can be changed by adjusting the output pressure of the air source box to meet the cleaning needs of stains with different adhesion levels.

[0013] Optionally, when performing the oiling function, the following steps are included: If it is necessary to apply oil to a local area, switch the airflow distribution valve to the first oiling position by using the mode selection knob. This will connect the high-pressure main air path with the internal air path branch corresponding to the axial jet nozzle, and at the same time, connect the oil inlet and the oil outlet. The high-pressure airflow will be sprayed out from the axial jet nozzle to form a negative pressure zone, which will draw out the rust-preventive oil output from the internal oil path and atomize it before spraying it directly to the target area. If it is necessary to apply oil evenly to a ring or large area, switch the airflow distribution valve to the second oiling position by using the mode selection knob. This will connect the high-pressure main air path to the internal air path branches corresponding to the forward rotation jet and the axial jet, and at the same time, connect the oil inlet and the oil outlet. The high-pressure airflow will drive the central bolt sleeve to rotate, and at the same time, atomize the rust-preventive oil and spray it evenly to the target area with the rotating airflow. During the oiling process, the amount of oil applied can be controlled by adjusting the oil supply rate of the oil source tank to ensure the formation of a uniform anti-rust oil film.

[0014] Optionally, during the bolt tightening operation, the clamping force of the clamping jaws on the bolt head can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the axial thrust applied by the operator. When the thrust increases, the clamping force increases synchronously. By selecting the first or second tightening station, the high-pressure airflow can be controlled to spray out from the forward or reverse jet nozzle, thereby switching the rotation direction of the central bolt sleeve and meeting different operational requirements for tightening and loosening the bolt.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application discloses a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system. By integrating an insulated operating rod with an integrated air source box, a built-in high-pressure main air circuit, and a rust-preventive oil pipeline, as well as a multifunctional working head containing an airflow distribution valve and a central bolt sleeve, it effectively solves the problems of single-function operation and the need for repeated tool changes in existing technologies. Through the selective guidance of high-pressure airflow by the airflow distribution valve, it enables the completion of three operations—bolt tightening, dust blowing, and rust-preventive oiling—with a single air source in one operation, eliminating the need for multiple raising and lowering of the insulated rod. This significantly shortens live-line work time and reduces the risk of personnel exposure in live environments, making it particularly suitable for the dense, complex, and multi-defect-prone power distribution network in Xiong'an New Area. Simultaneously, the adaptive clamping mechanism at the end of the central bolt sleeve can reliably clamp bolt heads of different sizes. Combined with the torque output generated by the lateral air jet, it meets the bidirectional operation requirements for bolts, fundamentally solving the core problem restricting the efficiency of live-line maintenance.

[0016] By designing forward and reverse air jets in opposite directions, the central bolt sleeve is driven to rotate bidirectionally using the reaction force of the airflow, flexibly achieving bolt tightening and loosening, thus expanding the applicable range of fastening operations. The axial air jet, in conjunction with the rust-preventive oil pipeline, uses the negative pressure zone formed by the high-pressure airflow to draw out and atomize the rust-preventive oil, ensuring both the cleaning effect of directional blowing and improving the uniformity and coverage of the oiling operation. The adaptive clamping mechanism, through the engagement of the conical push rod and the conical surface of the clamping claw, converts the axial thrust into radial clamping force, achieving automatic adaptation to bolt heads of different specifications, reducing operation and adjustment time, and improving clamping reliability. The multi-station mode selection knob directly switches the airflow distribution valve core via mechanical connection, making the switching between functions such as blowing, tightening, and oiling more convenient and intuitive, further optimizing the work process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system according to an embodiment of the present invention after removing the outer casing.

[0019] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-functional working head according to an embodiment of a pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive clamping mechanism structure of an embodiment of a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the airflow distribution valve in an embodiment of a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the airflow distribution valve in an embodiment of a pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the steps of an embodiment of the pneumatic multifunctional live-line maintenance method of the present invention.

[0024] The components include: 1. Insulated operating rod; 2. Universal connection mechanism; 3. Multifunctional working head; 4. Airflow distribution valve; 401. Air inlet; 402. Oil inlet; 403. Air outlet; 404. Oil outlet; 405. Rotary track groove; 5. Center bolt sleeve; 6. Horizontal air jet; 7. Axial air jet; 8. Conical push rod; 9. Clamping claw; 10. Return spring; 11. Mode selection knob; 12. Housing. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0026] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

[0027] Example 1 like Figures 1-6 As shown in this embodiment, a pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance system is applicable to live-line maintenance scenarios for power distribution equipment. It can complete bolt tightening, dust blowing, and rust-preventive oiling in one operation, solving the problem of existing tools having limited functions and requiring repeated replacements. Its overall structure is designed around "safety and reliability, integrated functions, and convenient operation," and the specific implementation of each component is as follows: As the core of the system's high-pressure airflow supply, the air source box must balance stability, safety, and practicality. It integrates an air source processing module, which includes multi-stage filtration components, a pressure regulating unit, and a pressure stabilizing unit. The filtration components remove moisture, oil, and solid impurities from the external compressed air through physical filtration and adsorption, preventing impurities from clogging subsequent air passages or wearing down air passage seals, ensuring airflow cleanliness. The pressure regulating unit adjusts the output pressure according to different operational needs; for example, bolt tightening requires higher pressure to generate sufficient torque, while purging and oiling require appropriate airflow intensity or atomization effects. The pressure stabilizing unit maintains stable output airflow pressure through a pressure feedback adjustment mechanism, preventing a decrease in operational accuracy due to pressure fluctuations, such as sudden changes in torque during bolt tightening or unstable airflow intensity during purging. The air source box shell 12 is made of insulating material with anti-slip textures and a portable handle for easy handling and securing on-site. The shell 12 also incorporates a pressure display device, providing real-time and intuitive display of the current output pressure, allowing operators to adjust parameters according to the work progress. The air source box and the insulated operating rod 1 are connected by a high-pressure air pipe. The air pipe joint adopts an insulated and sealed structure. The inner side is equipped with multiple layers of seals to ensure that there is no leakage in the air path. The outer side is wrapped with an insulating protective layer to block the current conduction path and prevent the current of the live equipment from being transmitted to the operator through the air pipe, thereby improving the safety of operation.

[0028] The oil supply tank is used to store and supply rust-preventive oil, and its design focuses on the stability and safety of the oil supply. The volume of the oil supply tank is determined based on the common working time and the amount of oil applied, ensuring that frequent oil replenishment is not required for a single operation. The tank body is also made of insulating material and is placed at a reasonable distance from the air supply tank to avoid electrical safety hazards caused by oil leakage. The tank is equipped with an oil circuit control module, including an oil quantity adjustment unit and a one-way flow unit: the oil quantity adjustment unit can control the rust-preventive oil supply rate according to the oiling needs, preventing oil accumulation and waste due to excessively fast oil supply, and failure to form a uniform protective layer due to excessively slow supply; the one-way flow unit can prevent high-pressure airflow from flowing back into the oil supply tank, avoiding oil emulsification caused by airflow disturbance, or oil entering the air circuit causing contamination and component damage. The connection between the oil supply tank and the rust-preventive oil pipeline of the insulating operating rod 1 uses an insulated sealing joint to ensure a tight oil circuit connection and reliable insulation. At the same time, a drain port is provided at the bottom of the tank for easy periodic cleaning of sediment and impurities inside the tank to maintain the cleanliness of the oil.

[0029] The insulated operating rod 1 is a key component connecting the air source tank, oil source tank, and multi-functional operating head 3. Its core requirements are reliable insulation, a reasonable pipeline layout, and convenient operation. The rod body is made of high-strength insulating material, which must pass the insulation performance test for live-line working in power distribution networks, withstand the rated voltage under operating conditions, and possess sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the axial thrust and radial load applied by the operator without bending, deforming, or breaking under stress. This ensures the stability of the rod body during operation and prevents the multi-functional operating head 3 from shaking and affecting operational accuracy. Inside the rod body, the high-pressure main air circuit and the rust-proof oil circuit are arranged parallel to each other along the axial direction. The two circuits are independent and completely isolated from the rod body's insulation layer. The circuit material is made of oil-resistant and aging-resistant flexible material, which can accommodate slight deformation of the rod body while preventing cracking and leakage after long-term use. The handle is located in the middle of the pole and is made of soft, insulating rubber. The surface is designed with an ergonomic corrugated anti-slip texture to increase hand friction and reduce the risk of slipping. The position of the handle can be slightly adjusted along the axis of the pole to accommodate the habits of operators of different heights. After the adjustment, it is fixed by a locking structure to ensure that the handle does not shift during operation.

[0030] The universal connection mechanism 2 connects the insulated operating rod 1 to the multi-functional working head 3, aiming to improve the angle adaptability of the working head and solve the problems of diverse equipment defect locations and limited operating angles. This mechanism adopts a ball-joint structure made of insulating material. The ball-joint's range of motion covers the multi-angle rotation and swing required for operation. Operators can easily adjust the grip posture to rotate the working head within a reasonable angle, easily handling maintenance needs on the sides, tops, bottoms, or inclined surfaces of equipment without frequent movement of the entire operating rod, reducing steps and time. The mechanism internally features air and oil circuit transfer channels, which correspond one-to-one with the internal pipelines of the operating rod. The inner wall is sealed to ensure no leakage, and the insulation performance of the transfer channels is consistent with the rod body, preventing a decrease in overall insulation performance and ensuring electrical safety.

[0031] The outer shell 12 of the multi-functional operating head 3 serves as the mounting carrier for all components and must possess strength, insulation, and heat dissipation capabilities. The outer shell 12 is made of lightweight, high-strength insulating material, reducing the burden of gripping and providing impact resistance while protecting internal components. Long, downward-sloping, strip-shaped heat dissipation holes are opened on the surface to dissipate heat from components such as the airflow distribution valve 4, preventing high temperatures from affecting performance, and also preventing dust and rainwater from entering. The front end of the outer shell 12 has a circular opening with an elastic dustproof ring nested at the edge. When the central bolt sleeve 5 rotates, the dustproof ring fits against the outer wall of the sleeve, blocking impurities from entering and preventing component wear or air passage blockage.

[0032] The airflow distribution valve 4 is the core of the function switching mechanism. Multiple airflow channels and one oil passage are opened within the valve body according to functional requirements. The airflow channels correspond to different combinations of lateral and axial jet nozzles 7, while the oil passage is only open when oil is applied. The valve core uses wear-resistant sealing material with precision-machined outer surface, ensuring a tight fit with the valve body cavity to reduce leakage. One end of the valve core extends a connecting rod, passing through the outer casing 12 to connect to the external mode selection knob 11. The contact area between the connecting rod and the outer casing 12 is equipped with a stepped sealing sleeve, which is oil-resistant, insulating, and leak-proof. The knob surface is clearly engraved with function markings, and an internal ball positioning structure is provided. When rotated to the corresponding position, the ball engages in the positioning groove, generating a click feedback indicating that the switch is in place, preventing accidental operation. One end of the valve body has an air inlet 401 and an oil inlet 402, while the other end has multiple air outlets 403 and one oil outlet 404. Concentric rotating track grooves 405 are provided around the outer periphery of the air outlets 403 and 404 to form positions. When the valve core rotates, it can accurately open the corresponding channels to achieve function switching.

[0033] The central bolt sleeve 5 directly acts on the bolt and bears the airflow and oil spray. Its installation and structure must ensure smooth rotation and functional integration. The sleeve is mounted on the front end of the housing 12 via a high-precision bearing. The outer ring of the bearing is fixed, and the inner ring is interference-fitted with the sleeve, ensuring minimal radial runout and low frictional resistance during rotation, without affecting tightening efficiency or the coverage area for purging and oiling. An adaptive clamping mechanism at the sleeve end features a tapered push rod 8 coaxially inserted into the inner hole. The optimized design of the tapered surface at the front end efficiently converts axial thrust into radial clamping force, and a ring-shaped limiting structure is provided at the rear end. The clamping claws 9 are made of wear-resistant alloy and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the sleeve end, hinged by a pin. The inner side is an inclined surface that conforms to the tapered surface of the push rod, while the outer side has serrated anti-slip textures to increase friction and prevent slippage. The return spring 10 is fitted onto the rear end of the push rod, abutting against the limiting structure. In its natural state, compression forces the push rod to move backward, opening the clamping claws 9, allowing easy insertion of the bolt head. When axial thrust is applied, the sleeve moves backward relative to the push rod, and the clamping claw 9 slides and retracts along the conical surface. The clamping force increases with the increase of thrust, which can be used to fit bolts of different specifications.

[0034] The arrangement of the air jets on the outer circumferential wall of the sleeve balances functionality and rationality: the transverse air jets 6 are symmetrically distributed, divided into two groups, one for forward rotation and one for reverse rotation. The air jet direction forms an opposite angle with the tangent, ensuring that the airflow reaction force stably drives the sleeve rotation, with uniform torque and no swaying; the axial air jets 7 are on the front end face, with the direction consistent with the axis, and the number is determined according to the purging range and oil coating coverage requirements. The internal air and oil passages of the sleeve are arranged axially. The air passage is divided into a main channel and branch channels. The main channel connects to the rotary air seal joint, and the branch channels connect to each air jet. The inner diameter is designed according to functional requirements; one end of the oil passage connects to the rotary air seal joint, and the other end outlet is inside the axial air jet 7, ensuring that the rust-preventive oil accurately enters the surrounding area. The airflow creates a negative pressure zone, drawing out the rust-preventive oil and atomizing it to achieve uniform oil coating.

[0035] The rotary gas-tight joint ensures continuous connection of the air and oil circuits during sleeve rotation. It adopts a double-seal structure with insulating materials corresponding to the air and oil circuits. The sealing pair is wear-resistant and oil-resistant, ensuring no leakage during long-term rotation. The insulation performance meets system requirements and prevents current conduction.

[0036] Example 2 like Figure 7 As shown, the maintenance method based on the above system includes the following steps: Before operation, two or more operators should work together: one person should check the air supply tank to ensure the filter components are not blocked and the pressure regulating and stabilizing unit is functioning properly, and then turn on the air supply switch to adjust the pressure; the other person should check the oil supply tank to ensure the oil level is sufficient and there are no leaks in the oil lines, and then turn on the oil line switch to check for blockages; both personnel should jointly check the operating lever and the working head to ensure the insulation layer is intact, the universal joint is flexible, and the knobs operate smoothly. Operators should wear full sets of insulated protective equipment, and a safety warning zone should be set up on site to ensure compliance with regulations regarding distance from live equipment.

[0037] To perform the bolt tightening function, the operator rotates the knob to switch to the first or second tightening position as needed, connecting the high-pressure main air path to the corresponding jet nozzle. Holding the operating lever to the working height, the operator adjusts the angle of the working head so that the sleeve aligns with the bolt head, and slowly applies axial thrust. The sleeve moves backward, causing the clamping jaws 9 to slide and retract along the conical surface, clamping the bolt head. High-pressure airflow is ejected from the corresponding jet nozzle, generating a reaction force that drives the sleeve to rotate the bolt, completing the tightening or loosening. Once in position, the thrust is reduced, the return spring 10 resets the push rod, and the clamping jaws 9 open and disengage from the bolt.

[0038] When performing the purging function, the system switches to the first purging station for localized cleaning. High-pressure airflow is ejected from the axial jet nozzle 7 for directional purging, and the operator moves the control lever to ensure coverage of the dust-accumulated area. For large-area cleaning, the system switches to the second purging station, where the airflow simultaneously drives the sleeve to rotate and sprays air axially, creating a rotary purging effect to expand the cleaning range. The air pressure can be adjusted during the process to suit different levels of dirt adhesion.

[0039] When performing the oiling function, the system switches to the first oiling station for spot oiling. Airflow is ejected from the axial jet nozzle 7 to create negative pressure, drawing out the rust-preventive oil and spraying it directly. For large-area oiling, the system switches to the second oiling station. Airflow drives the sleeve to rotate while simultaneously atomizing the oil. The operator moves the control lever to ensure even coverage. During the process, the oil supply rate is adjusted to control the amount of oil applied, forming a uniform oil film.

[0040] After the operation is completed, rotate the knob in the opposite direction to reset the valve core and cut off the air and oil circuits; turn off the main switch of the air and oil supply boxes to release residual pressure; disassemble the pipeline connections, store the air pipes and pipelines, wipe the operating lever and working head, and put the parts into the special box after checking that there is no damage; replenish the oil supply, clean the site, remove the warning area, confirm that no tools are missing, and complete the process.

[0041] As is known from common technical knowledge, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones. All modifications within the scope of this invention or equivalent to the scope of this invention are included in this invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance system, characterized in that, The utility model provides an insulating operating rod (1) and a multifunctional operation head (3) connected with the gas source tank and the oil source tank, the insulating operating rod (1) is internally provided with high pressure main gas circuit and rustproof oil pipeline, and one end is connected with the gas source tank, and the other end is connected with the multifunctional operation head (3) through universal connecting mechanism (2), the multifunctional operation head (3) includes shell (12), airflow distribution valve (4) and central bolt sleeve (5), the high pressure main gas circuit and rustproof oil pipeline are connected with the air inlet (401) and oil inlet (402) of airflow distribution valve (4) respectively, the central bolt sleeve (5) is rotatably arranged in the front end of shell (12), and the end is equipped with self -adaptation clamping mechanism, and the periphery wall is equipped with multiple jet orifices including transverse jet orifice (6) and axial jet orifice (7), the central bolt sleeve (5) is internally provided with internal gas circuit and internal oil circuit with the jet orifice communication and the outlet inside axial jet orifice (7), and the internal gas circuit and internal oil circuit are connected with the corresponding outlet station of airflow distribution valve (4) through rotary gas seal joint respectively, and the high pressure airflow can be selectively guided to different jet orifices by operating airflow distribution valve (4), drives the central bolt sleeve (5) to rotate fastening, produces airflow purging or atomized oil injection.

2. The pneumatic multi-functional live line maintenance system according to claim 1, wherein, The transverse jet orifice (6) includes positive rotation jet orifice and reverse rotation jet orifice, the jet direction of positive rotation jet orifice forms first angle with tangent direction of central bolt sleeve (5), the jet direction of reverse rotation jet orifice forms second angle with tangent direction of central bolt sleeve (5), the direction of first angle and second angle is opposite, so that the reaction force generated by the jet airflow drives central bolt sleeve (5) to rotate in different directions.

3. The pneumatic multi-functional live line maintenance system according to claim 1, wherein, The axial jet orifice (7) is formed by at least one cleaning jet orifice towards the front, the outlet end of rustproof oil pipeline extends to the periphery of cleaning jet orifice, when high pressure airflow flows through the cleaning jet orifice, a negative pressure zone is formed at the outlet of cleaning jet orifice, for sucking rustproof oil from rustproof oil pipeline and spraying after mixing with airflow.

4. The pneumatic multi-functional live line maintenance system according to claim 1, wherein, The self -adaptation clamping mechanism includes taper push rod (8), multiple clamping claws (9) and reset spring (10), the taper push rod (8) is coaxially arranged in the inner hole of central bolt sleeve (5), and the front end of taper push rod (8) is tapered surface, the multiple clamping claws (9) are circumferentially distributed and hinged to the end of central bolt sleeve (5), the inner side of clamping claw (9) is inclined surface matched with the tapered surface of taper push rod (8), the reset spring (10) applies pre-tightening force to taper push rod (8) and has the tendency of moving backward, when the end of central bolt sleeve (5) contacts with the fastened bolt, the central bolt sleeve (5) is subjected to the axial reaction force backward, pushes clamping claw (9) to move backward relative to taper push rod (8), and the tapered surface of the front end of taper push rod (8) forces the multiple clamping claws (9) to converge to the center, so that the clamping action is realized.

5. The pneumatic multi-functional live line maintenance system according to claim 2, wherein, The valve core of the gas flow distribution valve (4) is mechanically connected with a mode selection knob (11) arranged outside the shell (12) through a connecting rod; the gas flow distribution valve (4) is provided with an air inlet (401) and an oil inlet (402) near the end face of the universal connecting mechanism (2), and the opposite end face is provided with a plurality of air outlets (403) and an oil outlet (404), and the outer periphery of the plurality of air outlets (403) and the oil outlet (404) is provided with a concentric rotating track groove (405), forming a plurality of stations; Rotating the mode selection knob (11) is used to drive the valve core to switch between the plurality of stations; the plurality of stations include: a first blowing station, the high-pressure gas flow is only guided to the internal gas path branch communicated with the axial jet port (7), a directional blowing gas flow is generated to directly blow and clean; a second blowing station, the high-pressure gas flow is guided to the internal gas path branches communicated with the positive rotation jet port and the axial jet port (7), the center bolt sleeve (5) is driven to rotate and rotate to blow; a first fastening station, the high-pressure gas flow is guided to the internal gas path branch communicated with the positive rotation jet port, the center bolt sleeve (5) is driven to rotate in the positive direction; a second fastening station, the high-pressure gas flow is guided to the internal gas path branch communicated with the reverse rotation jet port, the center bolt sleeve (5) is driven to rotate in the reverse direction; a first oiling station, the high-pressure gas flow is only guided to the internal gas path branch communicated with the axial jet port (7) and the flow thereof is controlled, and the oil outlet (404) is opened, so that the gas flow is mixed with the rust-proof oil and directly sprayed; a second oiling station, the high-pressure gas flow is guided to the internal gas path branches communicated with the positive rotation jet port and the axial jet port (7), and the oil outlet (404) is opened, the center bolt sleeve (5) is driven to rotate and rotate to spray.

6. A method for the pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance based on the pneumatic multi-functional live-line maintenance system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The steps include: The operator drives the valve core of the gas flow distribution valve (4) to switch between the plurality of stations by rotating the mode selection knob (11), so that the valve core corresponds to the air inlet (401) and different air outlets (403) of the gas flow distribution valve (4), the oil inlet (402) and the oil outlet (404), realizes the communication of the high-pressure main gas path and the rust-proof oil pipeline with the specific branch of the internal gas path and the internal oil path of the center bolt sleeve (5), and completes the function mode selection; The high-pressure gas flow enters the internal gas path of the center bolt sleeve (5) through the high-pressure main gas path, the corresponding air outlet (403) of the gas flow distribution valve (4) and the rotating gas seal joint, and the rust-proof oil enters the internal oil path of the center bolt sleeve (5) through the rust-proof oil pipeline, the oil outlet (404) of the gas flow distribution valve (4) and the rotating gas seal joint; According to the selected function mode, the high-pressure gas flow is sprayed from the corresponding transverse jet port (6) or axial jet port (7), when sprayed from the transverse jet port (6), an opposite force is generated to drive the center bolt sleeve (5) to rotate, and when sprayed from the axial jet port (7), a directional blowing gas flow is formed or mixed with the rust-proof oil output from the internal oil path to form atomized oil; After the operation is completed, the mode selection knob (11) is rotated in the reverse direction to reset the valve core, and the communication of the gas path and the oil path is cut off.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: In the execution of the bolt fastening function, it specifically includes the following steps: Switch the air flow distribution valve (4) to the first fastening station or the second fastening station through the mode selection knob (11), so that the high-pressure main gas path is only connected with the internal gas path branch corresponding to the positive rotation air jet or the reverse rotation air jet; Align the center bolt sleeve (5) with the bolt head to be operated and apply an axial pushing force, and the center bolt sleeve (5) moves backward relative to the conical push rod (8) under the reaction force, drives the clamping jaw (9) to slide along the taper surface of the conical push rod (8) and converges to the center, until the bolt head is clamped; The high-pressure air flow is sprayed from the positive rotation air jet or the reverse rotation air jet to generate a reaction force, which drives the center bolt sleeve (5) to rotate synchronously with the bolt head, completing the tightening or loosening operation of the bolt; After the bolt is fastened or loosened to the position, the axial pushing force is reduced, the conical push rod (8) is reset by the reset spring (10), the clamping jaw (9) is opened under the slope cooperation, and the contact with the bolt head is released.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: In the execution of the blowing function, it specifically includes the following steps: If directional cleaning of a local area is needed, switch the air flow distribution valve (4) to the first blowing station through the mode selection knob (11), so that the high-pressure main gas path is only connected with the internal gas path branch corresponding to the axial air jet (7), and the high-pressure air flow is sprayed from the axial air jet (7) to form a directional blowing air flow, directly blowing and cleaning the target area; If large-area cleaning is needed, switch the air flow distribution valve (4) to the second blowing station through the mode selection knob (11), so that the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the internal gas path branches corresponding to the positive rotation air jet and the axial air jet (7) at the same time, and the high-pressure air flow drives the center bolt sleeve (5) to rotate, while spraying from the axial air jet (7) to form a rotating blowing air flow, cleaning the target area in a circular range; During the blowing process, the blowing air flow intensity can be changed by adjusting the output pressure of the air source box to adapt to the cleaning needs of different degrees of dirt.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: In the execution of the oiling function, it specifically includes the following steps: If spot oiling of a local area is needed, switch the air flow distribution valve (4) to the first oiling station through the mode selection knob (11), so that the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the internal gas path branch corresponding to the axial air jet (7), and the oil inlet (402) and the oil outlet (404) are connected at the same time, the high-pressure air flow is sprayed from the axial air jet (7) to form a negative pressure area, and the rust-proof oil output from the internal oil path is sucked out and atomized to be directly sprayed to the target area; If uniform oiling of an annular or large-area region is needed, switch the air flow distribution valve (4) to the second oiling station through the mode selection knob (11), so that the high-pressure main gas path is connected with the internal gas path branches corresponding to the positive rotation air jet and the axial air jet (7) at the same time, and the oil inlet (402) and the oil outlet (404) are connected at the same time, the high-pressure air flow drives the center bolt sleeve (5) to rotate, while atomizing the rust-proof oil and uniformly spraying it to the target area with the rotating air flow; During the oiling process, the oiling amount can be controlled by adjusting the oil supply rate of the oil source box to ensure the formation of a uniform rust-proof oil film.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: During the bolt fastening operation, the clamping force of the clamping jaw (9) on the bolt head is adjusted by controlling the axial pushing force applied by the operator, and the clamping force is increased synchronously when the pushing force is increased; by selecting the first fastening station or the second fastening station, the high-pressure airflow is sprayed out from the forward rotation air jet or the reverse rotation air jet.

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