Planting method for Chinese cabbages

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for Chinese cabbages, and aims to accurately calculate the fertilizing amount of the Chinese cabbages under different soil conditions through a series of formulas on the basis of the supply grade condition of each nutrient in soil, realize efficient utilization of fertilizers, improve the yield of the Chinese cabbages and the income of farmers, and reduce the negative influence on the environment at the same time. Besides, by accurately calculating the fertilizing amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, the problems of blindness and irrationality of fertilization in the existing Chinese cabbage planting process are solved, and then the high-yield, high-quality and economical Chinese cabbage planting method is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural resources and environment, and particularly relates to a planting method for Chinese cabbage. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chinese cabbage is one of the largest vegetable crops in China, and plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the annual supply of vegetables. In the planting process of Chinese cabbage, a reasonable planting method is one of the key factors to ensure high yield and high quality. However, there is blindness and arbitrariness in the planting process of vegetable farmers at present. Vegetable farmers excessively apply chemical fertilizers in order to pursue high yield, which leads to low vegetable quality and low fertilizer utilization rate, increases production cost, and causes environmental pollution.

[0003] In addition, the most important problem existing in the planting of Chinese cabbage at present is that there is no accurate matching between soil fertility and crop nutrient demand, which leads to fertilizer waste and low fertilizer utilization rate.

[0004] Therefore, a planting method for improving the yield of Chinese cabbage, reducing fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, and realizing the economic value of Chinese cabbage has important significance. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problems of fertilizer waste and low fertilizer utilization rate at present, the purpose of the present application is to provide a planting method for Chinese cabbage.

[0006] The technical scheme for solving the above technical problems is as follows: a planting method for Chinese cabbage is provided, which comprises the following steps: Step 1, leveling the land; Step 2, fertilization; the fertilization comprises: applying composted organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, part of nitrogen fertilizer and part of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer into the land, and applying the remaining nitrogen fertilizer and the remaining potassium fertilizer at the rosette stage and the heart stage of Chinese cabbage, respectively; The calculation method of the application amounts of phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer comprises the following steps: Step S1, calculating the target yield of Chinese cabbage planted in the land according to formula (1), and the formula of formula (1) is: TY=average yield of previous years x 1.15 formula (1), Wherein, TY is the target yield, and the average yield of previous years is the average value of the yield of the land in the past 3-5 years; Step S2, determining the nutrient supply grade of the soil in the land; The nutrient supply grade is determined according to the soil texture and apparent color of the land, or according to the available nutrient content tested by the soil of the land; Step S3, calculating the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer The nitrogen fertilizer application amount, the phosphorus fertilizer application amount and the potassium fertilizer application amount are calculated according to formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4) respectively, and the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (4) are respectively: The nitrogen fertilizer application amount = TYxC1x5.47+TYx1.07 formula (2), The phosphorus fertilizer application amount = TYxC2x5.50+TYx0.524 formula (3), The potassium fertilizer application amount = TYxC3x7.23+TYx1.23 formula (4), Wherein, C1, C2 and C3 are yield response coefficients of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer respectively, and the yield response coefficients are determined by the nutrient supply level determined in the step S2.

[0007] Further, the table 1 is used in the step S2 to determine the nutrient supply level according to the soil texture and the soil apparent color of the plot, Table 1.

[0008] Further, the table 2 is used in the step S2 to determine the nutrient supply level according to the available nutrient content of the soil tested by the plot, Table 2.

[0009] Further, the table 3 is used in the step S3 to determine the yield response coefficients of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer according to the nutrient supply level respectively, Table 3.

[0010] Further, the plot leveled in the step 1 is the plot which is not planted with cruciferous crops in the last season.

[0011] Further, the mature organic fertilizer application amount in the step 2 is 4500-9000 kg / ha; the mass ratio of the partial nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the rosette stage and the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the hearting stage is 2.5:1.5:1; and the mass ratio of the partial potassium fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer applied in the rosette stage and the potassium fertilizer applied in the hearting stage is 1.3:1:1.

[0012] The present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application calculates the fertilizer application amount required for planting Chinese cabbage in the plot according to the nutrient supply level of the plot soil, solves the blindness and irrationality of the existing technology about the fertilizer application in the Chinese cabbage planting process, and further provides a Chinese cabbage planting method with high yield and good economic benefit. That is, the Chinese cabbage planting method of the present application has high yield and good economic benefit mainly through the following aspects: The first aspect is precise fertilization. The present application can accurately calculate the required nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization amount of Chinese cabbage by comprehensively considering the soil nutrient grade, different nutrient supply characteristics and nutrient absorption of Chinese cabbage, thereby avoiding blind fertilization and excessive fertilization and improving the fertilizer utilization rate.

[0013] The second aspect is to reduce costs. By accurately controlling the fertilization amount, unnecessary fertilizer input is reduced, and production costs are reduced. In addition, improving the fertilizer utilization rate also means that in the case of obtaining the same yield, the waste of fertilizer is reduced, further reducing the planting cost and improving the income of farmers.

[0014] The third aspect is strong applicability. The method of the present application is simple to operate, easy to understand and implement, does not require complex equipment and technology, is suitable for the majority of vegetable farmers, and has wide popularization and application value.

[0015] In addition, precise fertilization not only realizes efficient utilization of fertilizer, improves the yield of Chinese cabbage and the income of farmers, but also reduces the negative impact on the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] A planting method for Chinese cabbage according to an embodiment of the present application will be described below.

[0017] However, the present application can be exemplified in many different forms and should not be interpreted as being limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the present application thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0018] During the investigation, the inventor found that the existing Chinese cabbage planting process has blindness and irrationality in fertilization, which leads to low fertilizer utilization rate and ultimately causes increased planting cost and environmental pollution.

[0019] Based on this, the inventor provides a planting method for Chinese cabbage, which is based on the nutrient supply condition in the soil to accurately calculate the fertilization amount of Chinese cabbage under specific soil conditions, thereby realizing efficient utilization of fertilizer, improving the yield of Chinese cabbage and the income of farmers, and reducing the negative impact on the environment.

[0020] Embodiments of the present application provide a planting method for Chinese cabbage, which comprises the following steps: Step 1, leveling the land; Step 2, fertilization; the fertilization includes: applying composted organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, part of nitrogen fertilizer and part of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer into the land, and applying the remaining nitrogen fertilizer and the remaining potassium fertilizer at the rosette stage and the heart stage of Chinese cabbage, respectively; The calculation method of the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer comprises the following steps: Step S1: Calculate the target yield of Chinese cabbage planted on the plot according to formula (1). The formula for formula (1) is: TY = Average output of previous years × 1.15 Equation (1). Among them, TY is the target output, and the average output over previous years is the average output of the plot over the past 3-5 years; Step S2: Determine the nutrient supply level in the soil of the plot; Nutrient supply levels are determined based on the soil texture and apparent color of the plot, or based on the available nutrient content tested in the soil of the plot. Step S3: Calculate the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. The application rates of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are calculated according to formulas (2), (3), and (4), respectively. The formulas for formulas (2), (3), and (4) are as follows: Nitrogen fertilizer application rate = TY×C1×5.47+TY×1.07 Equation (2). Phosphate fertilizer application rate = TY×C2×5.50+TY×0.524 Equation (3). Potassium fertilizer application rate = TY×C3×7.23+TY×1.23 Equation (4). Wherein, C1, C2 and C3 are the yield response coefficients of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer, respectively, and the yield response coefficients are determined by the nutrient supply level determined in step S2.

[0021] In this embodiment, the phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are all chemical fertilizers, and the application rates of phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are all calculated based on the amount of chemical fertilizer used for Chinese cabbage.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step S2, Table 1 is used to determine the nutrient supply level based on the soil texture and apparent color of the plot. Table 1. Determining Nutrient Supply Levels Based on Soil Morphology and Appearance Color

[0023] In some embodiments, in step S2, Table 2 is used to determine the nutrient supply level based on the available nutrient content tested in the soil of the plot. Table 2. Determining Nutrient Supply Levels Based on Available Nutrient Content

[0024] Preferably, in this embodiment, the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were tested and analyzed in accordance with the "Soil Agrochemical Analysis" edited by Bao Shidan.

[0025] In some embodiments, in step S3, Table 3 is used to determine the yield response coefficients of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer according to the nutrient supply level. Table 3. Yield response coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers

[0026] In some embodiments, the plot of land leveled in step 1 is a plot of land that was not planted with cruciferous crops in the previous season, which can improve the soil health of the plot and the natural suppression of pests and diseases.

[0027] In some embodiments, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer applied in step 2 is 4500-9000 kg / ha; the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the rosette stage to nitrogen fertilizer applied during the heading stage is 2.5:1.5:1; the mass ratio of potassium fertilizer applied during the rosette stage to potassium fertilizer applied during the heading stage is 1.3:1:1. This embodiment provides fertilizer according to the growth trend of Chinese cabbage, which not only improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also benefits the growth of Chinese cabbage and increases yield. Preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer in this embodiment is commercial organic fertilizer, the raw material is cow manure, purchased from Shandong Baiwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (containing 46% nitrogen), purchased from Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd.; the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate (containing 12% P2O5), purchased from Yunnan Xiangfeng Industrial Group Co., Ltd.; and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate (containing 50% K2O), purchased from Guotou Xinjiang Lop Nur Potash Co., Ltd.

[0028] Example The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below through specific embodiments. Specifically, pilot experiments were conducted at three field test sites in Fengnan District, Tangshan City, on a planting method for Chinese cabbage (hereinafter referred to as OP), a soil testing and formula fertilization method (hereinafter referred to as ST), and a local farmers' customary fertilization method (hereinafter referred to as FP). The test sites were set up in Xiaopeizhuang Village, Yanlingzhuang Village, and Donghongyabo Village. Among them, the planting method for Chinese cabbage was used as the experimental group, and the soil testing and formula fertilization method (hereinafter referred to as ST) and the local farmers' customary fertilization method (hereinafter referred to as FP) were used as the control groups.

[0029] Specifically, a method for cultivating Chinese cabbage includes the following steps: Step 1: Level the land. The land to be leveled should be a plot of land that was not planted with cruciferous crops in the previous season.

[0030] Step 2: Fertilization. First, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, some nitrogen fertilizer, and some potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer to the plot. The remaining nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied during the rosette and heading stages of the Chinese cabbage, respectively. The calculation methods for the application rates of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium fertilizers include the following steps: Step S1: Determine the target yield at the test site. The target yield at the test site is calculated according to equation (1), which is: TY = Average output of previous years × 1.15 Equation (1). TY represents the target output, and the average output over previous years is the average output of the plot over the past three years.

[0031] According to statistics, the average yield of Chinese cabbage in the three experimental sites of Xiaopeizhuang Village, Yanlingzhuang Village and Donghongyabo Village in the past three years was 78 t / ha, 87 t / ha and 88 t / ha respectively. Therefore, according to formula (1), the target yield (TY) of the three experimental sites can be calculated as 90 t / ha, 100 t / ha and 101 t / ha respectively.

[0032] Step S2: Determine the nutrient supply level of each nutrient in the soil of the plot. The available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil of the Xiaopeizhuang Village, Yanlingzhuang Village, and Donghongyapo Village experimental sites were tested according to the testing and analysis methods in "Soil Agrochemical Analysis" edited by Bao Shidan.

[0033] Tests showed that the available nitrogen content at the Xiaopeizhuang Village experimental site was 35 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content was 23 mg / kg, and the available potassium content was 120 mg / kg. Therefore, as shown in Table 2, the nutrient supply levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at the Xiaopeizhuang Village experimental site were low, medium, and medium, respectively.

[0034] Tests showed that the available nitrogen content at the Yanlingzhuang Village experimental site was 95 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content was 60 mg / kg, and the available potassium content was 200 mg / kg. As shown in Table 2, the nutrient supply levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at the Xiaopeizhuang Village experimental site were medium, high, and high, respectively.

[0035] Tests showed that the available nitrogen content at the Donghong Yabo Village experimental site was 103 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content was 150 mg / kg, and the available potassium content was 300 mg / kg. As shown in Table 2, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient supply levels at the Xiaopeizhuang Village experimental site were high, high, and high, respectively.

[0036] Step S3: Determine the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers based on the nutrient supply level determined in step S2; wherein the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are calculated according to formulas (2), (3), and (4), respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer application rate = TY×C1×5.47+TY×1.07 Equation (2). Phosphate fertilizer application rate = TY×C2×5.50+TY×0.524 Equation (3). Potassium fertilizer application rate = TY×C3×7.23+TY×1.23 Equation (4). C1, C2, and C3 are the yield response coefficients for nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potash fertilizer, respectively, and the yield response coefficients are determined by the nutrient supply level.

[0037] Therefore, as shown in Table 3, the yield response coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil of the Xiaopeizhuang Village experimental plot are 0.4287, 0.1390, and 0.1401, respectively. Based on this, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application rates of the Xiaopeizhuang Village experimental plot are calculated according to equations (2), (3), and (4) as follows: Nitrogen fertilizer application rate = TY × C1 × 5.47 + TY × 1.07 = 90 × 0.4287 × 5.47 + 90 × 1.07 = 307 kg / ha Phosphate fertilizer application rate = TY × C2 × 5.50 + TY × 0.524 = 90 × 0.13 / 90 × 5.50 + 90 × 0.524 = 116 kg / ha Potassium fertilizer application rate = TY×C3×7.23+TY×1.23 =90×0.1401×7.23+90×1.23=202 kg / ha.

[0038] Table 3 shows that the yield response coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil of the Yanlingzhuang Village experimental plot are 0.3162, 0.0726, and 0.1061, respectively. Based on this, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application rates of the Yanlingzhuang Village experimental plot are calculated according to equations (2), (3), and (4) as follows: Nitrogen fertilizer application rate = TY × C1 × 5.47 + TY × 1.07 = 100 × 0.3162 × 5.47 + 100 × 1.07 = 280 kg / ha Phosphate fertilizer application rate = TY × C2 × 5.50 + TY × 0.524 = 100 × 0.0726 × 5.50 + 100 × 0.524 = 92 kg / ha Potassium fertilizer application rate = TY×C3×7.23+TY×1.23 =100×0.1061×7.23+100×1.23=200 kg / ha.

[0039] Table 3 shows that the yield response coefficients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil of the Donghong Yapo Village experimental plot are 0.1839, 0.0726, and 0.1061, respectively. Based on this, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application rates of the Donghong Yapo Village experimental plot are calculated according to equations (2), (3), and (4) as follows: Nitrogen fertilizer application rate = TY × C1 × 5.47 + TY × 1.07 = 101 × 0.1839 × 5.47 + 101 × 1.07 = 210 kg / ha Phosphate fertilizer application rate = TY × C2 × 5.50 + TY × 0.524 = 101 × 0.0726 × 5.50 + 101 × 0.524 = 93 kg / ha Potassium fertilizer application rate = TY×C3×7.23+TY×1.23=101×0.1061×7.23+101×1.23=202 kg / ha.

[0040] In addition, the application rates of decomposed organic fertilizer in the Xiaopeizhuang Village, Yanlingzhuang Village, and Donghongyapo Village experimental sites were 5500 kg / ha, 5000 kg / ha, and 4500 kg / ha, respectively. The mass ratios of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the rosette stage and the heading stage in the Xiaopeizhuang Village, Yanlingzhuang Village, and Donghongyapo Village experimental sites were all 2.5:1.5:1. The mass ratios of potassium fertilizer applied during the rosette stage and the heading stage in the Xiaopeizhuang Village, Yanlingzhuang Village, and Donghongyapo Village experimental sites were all 1.3:1:1.

[0041] Results analysis: 1. Summary of Fertilizer Application Amount The fertilizer application rates at three experimental sites using OP, FP, and ST fertilization methods were statistically analyzed, and the results are detailed in Table 4.

[0042] Table 4. Fertilizer application rate As shown in Table 4, in plots with a medium nitrogen nutrient supply level in the soil, the nitrogen fertilizer application rates of OP fertilization and FP fertilization are comparable. However, in plots with a high nitrogen nutrient supply level in the soil, the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of OP fertilization is reduced by 23.6% and 22.2% compared to FP and ST fertilization, respectively. Table 4 also shows that phosphate fertilizer has the greatest potential for reduction. Regardless of whether the phosphorus nutrient supply level in the soil is low, medium, or high, the OP fertilization method of this invention reduces phosphate fertilizer application by 41.4% to 53.5% compared to FP fertilization. Therefore, the method for planting Chinese cabbage in this invention reduces fertilizer usage, thereby lowering planting costs.

[0043] 2. Yield and fertilizer utilization rate at the test sites The yields and fertilizer utilization rates of the experimental sites using OP fertilization, FP fertilization and ST fertilization methods were statistically analyzed, and the results are detailed in Table 5.

[0044] Table 5. Yield and fertilizer utilization rate at the test sites The results showed that compared with FP fertilization, OP fertilization increased the yield of Chinese cabbage, with an increase of 1.1% to 10.6%. Net income results showed that compared with FP and ST fertilization, OP fertilization increased farmers' net income, with increases of 6.1% to 24.4% and 4.1% to 13.1%, respectively. Compared with FP and ST, OP fertilization improved phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, with increases of 55.0% to 171.4% and 71.0% to 127.4%, respectively.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Chinese cabbage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Level the land; Step 2, Fertilization; The fertilization includes: applying well-rotted organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, part of nitrogen fertilizer and part of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer to the plot, and applying the remaining nitrogen fertilizer and remaining potassium fertilizer respectively during the rosette stage and the heading stage of Chinese cabbage; The method for calculating the application rates of phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer includes the following steps: Step S1: Calculate the target yield of Chinese cabbage planted on the plot according to formula (1), where formula (1) is: TY = Average output of previous years × 1.15 Equation (1). Among them, TY is the target output, and the average output over previous years is the average output of the plot over the past 3-5 years; Step S2: Determine the nutrient supply level in the soil of the plot; The nutrient supply level is determined based on the soil texture and apparent color of the plot, or based on the available nutrient content tested in the plot's soil. Step S3: Calculate the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. The application rates of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are calculated according to formulas (2), (3), and (4), respectively. The formulas (2), (3), and (4) are as follows: Nitrogen fertilizer application rate = TY×C1×5.47+TY×1.07 Equation (2). Phosphate fertilizer application rate = TY×C2×5.50+TY×0.524 Equation (3). Potassium fertilizer application rate = TY×C3×7.23+TY×1.23 Equation (4). Wherein, C1, C2 and C3 are the yield response coefficients of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, respectively, and the yield response coefficients are determined by the nutrient supply level determined in step S2.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, Table 1 is used to determine the nutrient supply level based on the soil texture and apparent color of the plot. Table 1. 。 3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, Table 2 is used to determine the nutrient supply level based on the available nutrient content tested in the soil of the plot. Table 2. 。 4. The planting method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, In step S3, Table 3 is used to determine the yield response coefficients of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer according to the nutrient supply level. Table 3. 。 5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leveled plot of land in step 1 is the plot of land that was not planted with cruciferous crops in the previous season.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the application rate of decomposed organic fertilizer is 4500-9000 kg / ha; the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the rosette stage and nitrogen fertilizer applied during the heading stage is: 2.5:1.5:1; The mass ratio of the potassium fertilizer applied during the rosette stage and the potassium fertilizer applied during the heading stage is 1.3:1:1.

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