NdFeB material preparation system and method based on heavy rare earth
The neodymium iron boron material preparation system, which incorporates a composite motion and buffer fixation design, solves the problems of difficult crushing and jamming of hard materials, achieving efficient crushing and discharge.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511494045.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-13
AI Technical Summary
In the current process of preparing neodymium iron boron materials, hard materials are difficult to crush, are prone to jamming, and the accumulation of materials in the crusher affects the efficiency of use.
A neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements is adopted. The first and second moving jaws perform horizontal reciprocating swing and vertical small-amplitude vibration through composite motion. Combined with the design of support plate and movable plate, material adhesion and jamming are prevented. Elastic water bag and limiting groove are used for buffering and fixation to improve crushing effect.
It effectively prevents material jamming, improves crushing efficiency, promotes smooth material discharge, and enhances crushing effect and discharge efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121314722A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of preparation of neodymium iron boron materials, and more particularly relates to a preparation system and method of neodymium iron boron materials based on heavy rare earth. BACKGROUND
[0002] Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is the most concerned rare earth application field in the rare earth industry of China, and with the development of science and technology and the progress of technology, the demand for high-performance neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is increasingly widespread. In order to improve the coercivity and high-temperature applicability of neodymium iron boron, the commonly used method is to add a small amount of heavy rare earth elements (such as Dy, Tb, etc.) or to optimize the process to refine the magnet grain.
[0003] The prior art still has the following defects for the preparation of neodymium iron boron materials: Firstly, in the process of preparing neodymium iron boron materials, a jaw crusher is usually used to crush the materials into smaller blocks to achieve the coarse crushing of neodymium iron boron materials. However, when crushing some hard and large materials, the higher the hardness of the material, the tighter the internal molecular structure, making the crushing process more difficult and prone to jamming.
[0004] Secondly, in the working process of the crusher, the relative movement between the moving jaw and the fixed jaw is used to crush the materials. Specifically, the moving jaw in the crusher moves repeatedly through the driving device, and when the moving jaw approaches the fixed jaw, it causes the moving jaw to compress or split the materials to achieve the crushing effect. When the moving jaw moves away from the fixed jaw, the materials move downward between the moving jaw and the fixed jaw. However, since the moving range of the moving jaw is small and the moving jaw is usually inclined, the space between the inclined lower end of the moving jaw and the fixed jaw is small, resulting in a large amount of materials accumulated in the crusher, thereby affecting the use of the crusher.
[0005] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the existing structure and defects are improved, and a preparation system and method of neodymium iron boron materials based on heavy rare earth are provided to achieve a more practical and valuable purpose. SUMMARY
[0006] The present application provides a preparation system and method of neodymium iron boron materials based on heavy rare earth to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
[0007] The purpose and effect of the preparation system and method of neodymium iron boron materials based on heavy rare earth are achieved by the following specific technical means: The application discloses a heavy rare earth-based neodymium iron boron material preparation system, which comprises a shell, a mounting plate arranged on one side of the upper end of the shell, a fixed jaw arranged on the lower side of the mounting plate, an eccentric shaft rotatably arranged on the upper end of the shell, a sleeve arranged on the outer wall of the eccentric shaft, a support plate obliquely arranged on the lower side of the sleeve, a movable plate slidably arranged on one side of the support plate, a first movable jaw slidably arranged in the movable plate, a second movable jaw rotatably arranged on the oblique lower end of the movable plate, a first movable block arranged on one side of the movable plate, a first telescopic connecting piece arranged at the connection between one end of the first movable block and the upper end of the shell, a plurality of vertical plates arranged between one side of the support plate and the lower side of the sleeve, a fixed plate obliquely arranged on the inner lower side of the shell, a second telescopic connecting piece arranged at the connection between the oblique lower end of the fixed plate and the lower end of the vertical plate, an avoiding opening arranged on the vertical plate, a guide plate arranged on the lower side of the avoiding opening, a plurality of jacks arranged on the movable plate, one end of each of the jacks being fixedly connected with the first movable jaw, and the other end of each of the jacks being in sliding contact with the uneven side of the guide plate.
[0008] Preferably, the fixed jaw is arranged in the side wall of the shell, the outer wall of the eccentric shaft is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the sleeve, one end of the first telescopic connecting piece is rotatably connected with one end of the first movable block, the other end of the first telescopic connecting piece is rotatably connected with the upper end of the shell, one end of the second telescopic connecting piece is rotatably connected with the oblique lower end of the fixed plate, the other end of the second telescopic connecting piece is rotatably connected with the lower end of the vertical plate, the first telescopic connecting piece and the second telescopic connecting piece are telescopic, the inner two side walls of the shell are respectively provided with a limiting plate, the lower parts of the two limiting plates are respectively provided with a limiting opening, the lower parts of the two sides of the support plate are respectively provided with a sliding block, and the sliding blocks are movable in the limiting openings.
[0009] Preferably, the oblique lower end of the support plate is provided with an avoiding groove, a torsional spring is arranged at the rotatable connection between the oblique lower end of the movable plate and the second movable jaw, the torsional spring is movable in the avoiding groove, and the first movable block is slidable in the avoiding opening.
[0010] Preferably, the two sides of the first movable jaw are respectively provided with a first sliding plate, the first sliding plates are slidable in the movable plate, and a spring is arranged between one side of each of the first sliding plates and the inner part of the movable plate.
[0011] Preferably, two first V-shaped elastic pieces are symmetrically arranged between the vertical plate and the fixed plate, a T-shaped piece is arranged at the middle part of each of the two first V-shaped elastic pieces, a first elastic water bag is arranged on one side of the fixed plate, and the two sides of the first elastic water bag are respectively in contact with the two T-shaped pieces.
[0012] Preferably, the inside of the support plate is provided with a sliding groove, the inside of the sliding groove is slidably provided with a second movable block, the second movable block is fixedly connected with the first movable block, the two sides of the second movable block are respectively provided with a limiting groove, the two sides of the sliding groove are respectively provided with a groove, the inside of the two grooves is respectively slidably provided with a movable frame, and the side close to each other of the two movable frames is provided with a plurality of hollow elastic members.
[0013] Preferably, the side close to each other of the two movable frames is in a slope structure.
[0014] Preferably, a second elastic water bag is connected between the two movable frames and the two grooves, the second elastic water bag is in communication with the first elastic water bag and is provided with a telescopic connecting pipe, one end of the limiting groove is provided with a positioning groove, the inside of the movable frame is slidably provided with a second sliding plate, one side of the second sliding plate is provided with a plurality of positioning rods, one end of the positioning rod slides in the hollow elastic member, the outer wall of the positioning rod and the inner two side walls of the hollow elastic member are connected and provided with a second V-shaped elastic member, and the inside of the second elastic water bag is in communication with the inside of the movable frame and is provided with a solenoid valve.
[0015] Preferably, the lower end of the shell is provided with a rack, the inside of the rack is obliquely provided with a discharging hopper, the inside of the shell is in communication with the inside of the discharging hopper, one side of the rack is provided with a stepping motor, the output end of the stepping motor is provided with a driving wheel, the outer walls of the two ends of the eccentric shaft are respectively provided with a driven wheel, and the outer wall of the driving wheel and the outer wall of the driven wheel are connected and provided with a belt.
[0016] A preparation method of a heavy rare earth-based neodymium-iron-boron material, comprising the following steps: S1: raw material pretreatment, the main components of the neodymium-iron-boron magnet include neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe) and boron (B), which constitute the basic framework of the magnet; the block or rod-shaped raw material is cut into a suitable size for subsequent smelting process operation; S2: smelting, the pretreated raw material is put into a vacuum smelting furnace according to the accurate proportion; in the smelting furnace, the furnace temperature needs to be raised to a certain temperature and maintained for a period of time, so that various metals are fully melted and uniformly mixed; in this process, the furnace maintains a vacuum state, and argon or other protective gas is introduced to prevent the metal from being oxidized at high temperature; S3: Pulverizing, coarse crushing, using a jaw crusher to break the columnar ingot into smaller pieces, realizing the coarse crushing of the neodymium iron boron material; hydrogen explosion crushing (HD), using the hydrogen absorption characteristics of rare earth intermetallic compounds, placing the neodymium iron boron alloy in a hydrogen environment; hydrogen enters the alloy interior along the neodymium-rich phase thin layer, causing it to expand and burst, thereby breaking; the alloy broken in this way cracks along the neodymium-rich phase layer, ensuring the integrity of the main phase grain and the neodymium-rich grain boundary phase, and also making the alloy loose, which is conducive to subsequent processing; air classifier mill (ACM), further refining the powder in the air classifier mill, in which the material itself collides at high speed to achieve pulverization, without wear and pollution to the mill chamber inner wall, and can efficiently produce micron-level ultra-fine magnetic powder; S4: Orientation and molding, loading the prepared magnetic powder into a specially designed mold and placing it in a strong magnetic field environment for orientation, under the action of the strong magnetic field, the easy magnetization direction of the magnetic powder particles tends to be uniform; applying pressure to the mold through a press to compact the magnetic powder in the mold and form a blank with initial magnetic orientation; this blank has been initially formed, but it is still fragile and needs to be further processed in subsequent processes; S5: Sintering and tempering, placing the formed blank into a vacuum sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, the sintering temperature is generally controlled at 1000-1100℃, at this temperature range, the powder particles diffuse and fuse with each other, making the blank further densified, improving the density and strength, and at the same time forming microstructure characteristics with high permanent magnetic properties; after sintering, the magnetic body has uneven grain boundary phase distribution and unclear grain boundaries after high-temperature quenching, so tempering treatment is needed, the tempering temperature needs to be determined by test or thermal analysis, generally heating again at a certain temperature to optimize the magnetic body structure and obtain the best magnetic properties; S6: Mechanical processing, the sintered and tempered magnetic body also needs to be mechanically processed according to actual application requirements; wire cutting, plane grinding, chamfering; S7: Surface treatment, the neodymium iron boron magnet has active chemical properties and is easily oxidized and rusted in air, so surface treatment is needed to improve its corrosion resistance and service life; common surface treatment methods include electroplating and spraying; S8: Quality detection, the final product detection includes appearance inspection, size measurement and magnetic property test.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The application discloses a heavy rare earth-based neodymium-iron-boron material preparation system, which is characterized by the following steps: the first movable block, the first telescopic connecting piece, the supporting plate, the movable plate, the first movable jaw and the second movable jaw are arranged, the first movable block is pulled or pressed by the first telescopic connecting piece, when the movable plate and the first movable jaw move close to the fixed jaw, the movable plate and the first movable jaw are moved upwards, so that the second movable jaw is moved to contact the lower part of the supporting plate, the lower part of the supporting plate is used for supporting the second movable jaw, the first movable jaw and the second movable jaw are used for moving and cooperating with the fixed jaw to crush the material, when the movable plate and the first movable jaw move away from the fixed jaw, the movable plate and the first movable jaw are moved downwards, so that the second movable jaw is separated from the supporting plate, the second movable jaw swings to expand the space between the second movable jaw and the fixed jaw, the material jamming is reduced, and the crushing effect of the material is improved. The top rod, the guide plate, the first sliding plate and the spring are arranged, when the movable plate and the first movable jaw move downwards, the first movable jaw is slightly shaken in the movable plate under the guidance of the guide plate and the elasticity of the spring, the slight shaking of the first movable jaw is used for reducing the material adhered to the first movable jaw, the material is moved downwards, and the crushing effect of the material is improved.
[0018] The application discloses a heavy rare earth-based neodymium-iron-boron material preparation system, which is characterized by the following steps: the first movable block, the first telescopic connecting piece, the supporting plate, the movable plate, the first movable jaw and the second movable jaw are arranged, the first movable block is pulled or pressed by the first telescopic connecting piece, when the movable plate and the first movable jaw move close to the fixed jaw, the movable plate and the first movable jaw are moved upwards, so that the second movable jaw is moved to contact the lower part of the supporting plate, the lower part of the supporting plate is used for supporting the second movable jaw, the first movable jaw and the second movable jaw are used for moving and cooperating with the fixed jaw to crush the material, when the movable plate and the first movable jaw move away from the fixed jaw, the movable plate and the first movable jaw are moved downwards, so that the second movable jaw is separated from the supporting plate, the second movable jaw swings to expand the space between the second movable jaw and the fixed jaw, the material jamming is reduced, and the crushing effect of the material is improved. The top rod, the guide plate, the first sliding plate and the spring are arranged, when the movable plate and the first movable jaw move downwards, the first movable jaw is slightly shaken in the movable plate under the guidance of the guide plate and the elasticity of the spring, the slight shaking of the first movable jaw is used for reducing the material adhered to the first movable jaw, the material is moved downwards, and the crushing effect of the material is improved.
[0019] This invention discloses a neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements. Through the arrangement of a second elastic water bladder, a second movable block, a limiting groove, and hollow elastic elements, the expansion of two second elastic water bladders pushes two movable frames closer together, which in turn drives several pairs of hollow elastic elements closer together. These pairs of hollow elastic elements bring corresponding pairs of hollow elastic elements into two limiting grooves. The hollow elastic elements, in their corresponding engagement with the limiting grooves and their elasticity, buffer the sliding of the second movable block within the groove, ensuring smooth sliding. Furthermore, the movable frames are designed with a sloping structure on the side where they approach each other, causing the distance between them to gradually decrease from top to bottom. This gradually increases the resistance to the downward movement of the movable plate and the first moving jaw, preventing sudden and rapid downward movement. Finally, through the positioning rod and positioning groove, coolant from the second elastic water bladder is delivered to the movable frame via a solenoid valve, propelling the second sliding plate within the movable frame. The movement of the second sliding plate drives the movement of several positioning rods. The movement of the positioning rods causes one end of the positioning rod to enter the positioning groove, thereby using the positioning rod and the positioning groove to limit and fix the second movable block in the sliding groove. This helps to limit and fix the first and second movable jaw parts, and prevents the first and second movable jaw parts from moving close to the fixed jaw part and causing arbitrary movement during the material crushing process. Attached Figure Description
[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first isometric structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second isometric structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an isometric structural diagram of the first moving jaw component in this invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA; Figure 6 for Figure 3 A top-view structural diagram; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point BB; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point D; Figure 9 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at the CC section; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the support plate in this invention; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of the structure at point E in the middle; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the first moving jaw component in this invention.
[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Housing 11. Frame 12. Mounting plate 13. Fixed jaw component 14. Eccentric shaft 15. Sleeve 16. Vertical plate 17. Support plate 18. Movable plate 19. First movable jaw component 20. Second movable jaw component 21. Clearance groove 22. Torsion spring 23. First movable block 24. First telescopic connector 25. Top rod 25. Guide plate 26. Limiting plate 27. Slider 28. Limiting port 29. Fixed plate 30. Second telescopic connector 31. First elastic water bladder 32. Telescopic link 33. Connector 34. First V-shaped elastic element 35. T-shaped element 36. Stepper motor 37. Drive wheel 38. Belt 39. Driven wheel 40. Feeding funnel 40. First slide plate 41. Spring 42. Slide groove 43. Groove 44. Limit groove 45. Positioning groove 46. Movable frame 47. Second elastic water bag 48. Hollow elastic element 49. Second slide plate 50. Positioning rod 51. Second V-shaped elastic element 52. Solenoid valve 53. Clearance port 54. Second movable block 55. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0025] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0027] As attached Figures 1-12 As shown: This invention provides an embodiment of a system and method for preparing neodymium iron boron materials based on heavy rare earth elements. like Figures 1-12 As shown, the device includes a housing 10. A mounting plate 12 is provided on one side of the upper end of the housing 10. A fixed jaw member 13 is provided on the lower side of the mounting plate 12. An eccentric shaft 14 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the housing 10. A sleeve 15 is fitted onto the outer wall of the eccentric shaft 14. A support plate 17 is inclinedly mounted on the lower side of the sleeve 15. A movable plate 18 is slidably mounted on one side of the support plate 17. A first movable jaw member 19 is slidably mounted inside the movable plate 18. A second movable jaw member 20 is rotatably mounted on the inclined lower end of the movable plate 18. A first movable block 23 is provided on one side of the movable plate 18. One end of the first movable block 23 is connected to the housing 10. The upper end is connected to a first telescopic connector 24. A number of vertical plates 16 are connected between one side of the support plate 17 and the lower side of the sleeve 15. A fixed plate 30 is inclinedly provided on the lower side of the interior of the housing 10. A second telescopic connector 31 is connected between the inclined lower end of the fixed plate 30 and the lower end of the vertical plate 16. An avoidance opening 54 is provided on the vertical plate 16. A guide plate 26 is provided on the lower side of the avoidance opening 54. A number of push rods 25 are slidably provided on the movable plate 18. One end of the push rod 25 is fixedly connected to the first moving jaw member 19. The other end of the push rod 25 is in sliding contact with the uneven side of the guide plate 26.
[0028] In this application, under the pulling or resisting action of the first telescopic connector 24 on the first movable block 23, when the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 move closer to the fixed jaw 13, the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 can move upward, thereby causing the second movable jaw 20 to move and contact the lower part of the support plate 17, so that the lower part of the support plate 17 can support the second movable jaw 20. The movement of the first movable jaw 19 and the second movable jaw 20, in conjunction with the fixed jaw 13, can be used to crush the material.
[0029] When the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 move away from the fixed jaw 13, they can move downwards, causing the second movable jaw 20 to disengage from the support plate 17. This allows the second movable jaw 20 to swing and expand the space between itself and the fixed jaw 13, reducing material jamming and improving the crushing effect. Furthermore, through the arrangement of the top rod 25, guide plate 26, first sliding plate 41, and spring 42, during the downward movement of the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19, the first movable jaw 19 can vibrate slightly within the movable plate 18 under the guidance of the guide plate 26 and the elasticity of the spring 42. This slight vibration helps reduce material adhesion to the first movable jaw 19, promoting downward material movement and improving the crushing effect.
[0030] The first moving jaw 19 and the second moving jaw 20 perform a compound motion, which includes components in two directions: horizontal reciprocating oscillation and small vertical vibration. The first moving jaw 19 moves towards the fixed jaw 13, applying compressive force to the material for coarse crushing; when it moves away from the fixed jaw 13, the material falls under gravity, preparing for the next crushing operation. During the oscillation of the support plate 17 and the movable plate 18, the inertial force of the rotating eccentric shaft 14 causes the support plate 17 and the movable plate 18 to generate small vertical vibrations. These small vertical vibrations of the movable plate 18 drive the small vertical vibrations of the first moving jaw 19 and the second moving jaw 20, preventing material from adhering to the first moving jaw 19 and reducing the risk of blockage; they also promote the discharge of crushed material from the discharge port, improving discharge efficiency.
[0031] Preferred, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the fixed jaw member 13 is installed inside the side wall of the housing 10. The outer wall of the eccentric shaft 14 is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the sleeve 15. One end of the first telescopic connector 24 is rotatably connected to one end of the first movable block 23, and the other end of the first telescopic connector 24 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the housing 10. One end of the second telescopic connector 31 is rotatably connected to the inclined lower end of the fixed plate 30, and the other end of the second telescopic connector 31 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the upright plate 16. Both the first telescopic connector 24 and the second telescopic connector 31 are telescopic. A limiting plate 27 is provided on each of the two inner side walls of the housing 10. A limiting port 29 is provided on the lower part of each of the two limiting plates 27. A slider 28 is provided on each of the lower sides of the support plate 17. The slider 28 moves within the limiting port 29.
[0032] Preferred, such as Figure 8 As shown, the lower inclined end of the support plate 17 is provided with a relief groove 21, and the lower inclined end of the movable plate 18 is provided with a torsion spring 22 at the rotatable connection between it and the second moving jaw 20. The torsion spring 22 moves in the relief groove 21, and the first movable block 23 slides in the relief opening 54.
[0033] Preferred, such as Figure 12 As shown, a first sliding plate 41 is provided on each side of the first moving jaw member 19. The first sliding plate 41 slides inside the movable plate 18. A spring 42 is provided between one side of the first sliding plate 41 and the interior of the movable plate 18.
[0034] Preferred, such as Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, two first V-shaped elastic elements 34 are symmetrically connected between the upright plate 16 and the fixed plate 30. A T-shaped element 35 is provided in the middle of each of the two first V-shaped elastic elements 34. A first elastic water bladder 32 is provided on one side of the fixed plate 30. The two T-shaped elements 35 are in contact with the two sides of the first elastic water bladder 32 respectively.
[0035] Preferred, such as Figures 10-11 As shown, the support plate 17 has a sliding groove 43 inside, and a second movable block 55 is slidably disposed inside the sliding groove 43. The second movable block 55 is fixedly connected to the first movable block 23. A limiting groove 45 is provided on each side of the second movable block 55. A groove 44 is provided on each side of the sliding groove 43. A movable frame 47 slides inside each of the two grooves 44. Several hollow elastic elements 49 are provided on the side of the two movable frames 47 that are close to each other.
[0036] Preferred, such as Figure 11 As shown, the two active frames 47 have a sloping structure on the side that is close to each other.
[0037] Preferred, such as Figures 9-11 As shown, a second elastic water bladder 48 is connected between the two movable frames 47 and the two grooves 44 respectively. The second elastic water bladder 48 is connected to the first elastic water bladder 32 by a telescopic connecting pipe 33. One end of the limiting groove 45 is provided with a positioning groove 46. A second sliding plate 50 is slidably provided inside the movable frame 47. Several positioning rods 51 are provided on one side of the second sliding plate 50. One end of the positioning rod 51 slides inside the hollow elastic member 49. A second V-shaped elastic member 52 is connected between the outer wall of the positioning rod 51 and the inner two side walls of the hollow elastic member 49. A solenoid valve 53 is provided inside the second elastic water bladder 48 and inside the movable frame 47.
[0038] Preferred, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, a frame 11 is provided at the lower end of the housing 10. A feeding hopper 40 is inclined inside the frame 11. The interior of the housing 10 is connected to the interior of the feeding hopper 40. A stepper motor 36 is installed on one side of the frame 11. A drive wheel 37 is provided at the output end of the stepper motor 36. A driven wheel 39 is provided on the outer wall of each end of the eccentric shaft 14. A belt 38 is connected to the outer wall of the drive wheel 37 and the outer wall of the driven wheel 39.
[0039] A method for preparing neodymium iron boron materials based on heavy rare earth elements includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment. The main components of neodymium iron boron magnets include neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), and boron (B), which constitute the basic framework of the magnet. Block or rod-shaped raw materials are cut into appropriate sizes to facilitate subsequent smelting processes. S2: Melting, the pre-treated raw materials are put into the vacuum melting furnace according to a precise ratio; inside the melting furnace, the furnace temperature needs to be raised to a certain temperature and maintained for a period of time to allow the various metals to be fully melted and mixed evenly; during this process, the furnace is kept in a vacuum state, and protective gases such as argon are introduced to prevent the metals from being oxidized at high temperatures; S3: Powdering and coarse crushing: Jaw crushers are used to break cylindrical ingots into smaller pieces, achieving coarse crushing of NdFeB materials; Hydrogen explosion (HD): Utilizing the hydrogen absorption properties of rare earth intermetallic compounds, NdFeB alloys are placed in a hydrogen environment; hydrogen enters the alloy along the NdFeB-rich phase layer, causing it to expand and explode, thus breaking it; The alloy crushed in this way cracks along the NdFeB-rich phase layer, ensuring the integrity of the main phase grains and the NdFeB-rich grain boundary phase, while also making the alloy more porous, which is beneficial for subsequent processing; Air jet mill (ACM): The powder is further refined by air jet milling. In air jet milling, the material itself pulverizes through high-speed collision, causing no wear or pollution to the mill chamber wall, and can efficiently prepare ultrafine magnetic powder with particle sizes in the micron range; S4: Orientation and molding. The prepared magnetic powder is loaded into a special mold and placed in a strong magnetic field environment for orientation. Under the action of a strong magnetic field, the easy magnetization direction of the magnetic powder particles will tend to be consistent. Pressure is applied to the mold by a press to compact the magnetic powder in the mold and form a blank with initial magnetic orientation. Although this blank has been initially formed, it is still relatively fragile and requires further processing in subsequent processes. S5: Sintering and tempering treatment. After forming, the blank is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering. The sintering temperature is generally controlled at 1000-1100℃. Within this temperature range, the powder particles diffuse and fuse with each other, further densifying the blank, increasing its density and strength, and forming a microstructure with high permanent magnetic properties. After sintering, the magnet has uneven grain boundary phase distribution and unclear grain boundaries after high-temperature quenching. Therefore, tempering treatment is required. The tempering temperature needs to be determined by experiment or thermal differential analysis. Generally, the magnet is reheated at a certain temperature to optimize its microstructure and obtain the best magnetic properties. S6: Machining. After sintering and tempering, the magnets still need to be machined according to the actual application requirements; wire cutting, surface grinding, and chamfering. S7: Surface treatment. Neodymium iron boron magnets are chemically active and easily oxidize and rust in air, so surface treatment is required to improve their corrosion resistance and service life. Common surface treatment methods include electroplating and spraying. S8: Quality inspection, the final product inspection includes appearance inspection, dimensional measurement, and magnetic performance testing.
[0040] Specific usage of this invention: S1: Coarse crushing. The worker conveys the material between the fixed jaw component 13 and the first movable jaw component 19. At this time, the control system starts the stepper motor 36, which drives the drive wheel 37 to rotate. The rotation of the drive wheel 37, via the belt 38, drives the driven wheel 39 and the eccentric shaft 14 to rotate. The rotation of the eccentric shaft 14 drives the sleeve 15, the vertical plate 16, and the support plate 17 to reciprocate. The reciprocating motion of the support plate 17 drives the two sliders 28 to move within the two limit ports 29, thus ensuring the smooth reciprocating motion of the support plate 17. The reciprocating motion of the support plate 17 drives the movable plate 18, the first movable jaw component 19, and the second movable jaw component 20 to reciprocate.
[0041] When the first movable jaw 19 moves closer to the fixed jaw 13, the support plate 17, movable plate 18, and the first movable jaw 19 also move closer to the fixed jaw 13. Because one end of the first movable block 23 is pulled by the first telescopic connector 24, the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 slide upwards on one side of the support plate 17. The upward movement of the movable plate 18 drives the second movable jaw 20 to move upwards, thus using the lower end of the support plate 17 to support the second movable jaw 20. This causes the second movable jaw 20 to have an angle corresponding to the first movable jaw 19, facilitating the compression or splitting of the material by the movement of the first movable jaw 19 and the second movable jaw 20 in conjunction with the fixed jaw 13, achieving a crushing effect. The crushed material falls into the feeding hopper 40, which tilts and guides the material, thus collecting and conveying it.
[0042] Simultaneously, the movement of the support plate 17 causes the vertical plate 16 to move, and the vertical plate 16, in conjunction with the fixing plate 30, straightens and deforms the two first V-shaped elastic elements 34. The straightening and deformation of the two first V-shaped elastic elements 34 causes the two T-shaped elements 35 to move closer together. This movement of the two T-shaped elements 35 compresses the first elastic water bladder 32, causing the coolant inside the first elastic water bladder 32 to be transported to the two second elastic water bladders 48 through the two telescopic connecting pipes 33. The coolant transported to the second elastic water bladders 48 causes them to expand. The expansion of the two second elastic water bladders 48 pushes the two movable frames 47 closer together, which in turn causes several pairs of hollow elastic elements 49 to move closer together. Several pairs of hollow elastic elements 49 approach each other, causing corresponding pairs of hollow elastic elements 49 to enter two limiting grooves 45 respectively. The hollow elastic elements 49 and the limiting grooves 45 cooperate in a corresponding manner, and the hollow elastic elements 49 are elastic, thus buffering the sliding of the second movable block 55 within the slide groove 43, allowing the second movable block 55 to slide smoothly within the slide groove 43. Furthermore, because the side of the two movable frames 47 that approaches each other has an inclined structure, the distance between the two movable frames 47 gradually decreases from top to bottom. This gradually increases the resistance to the downward movement of the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 caused by the several pairs of hollow elastic elements 49, which helps prevent the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 from suddenly and rapidly moving downwards.
[0043] Simultaneously, when the inclined lower end of the support plate 17 fully supports the second movable jaw 20, the solenoid valve 53 opens, allowing the coolant in the second elastic water bladder 48 to be transported to the movable frame 47 through the solenoid valve 53. The coolant pushes the second sliding plate 50 to slide within the movable frame 47. The movement of the second sliding plate 50 drives several positioning rods 51 to move. The movement of the positioning rods 51 causes one end of the positioning rod 51 to enter the positioning groove 46, thereby using the positioning rods 51 and the positioning groove 46 to limit and fix the second movable block 55 within the sliding groove 43. This helps to limit and fix the first movable jaw 19 and the second movable jaw 20, preventing the first movable jaw 19 and the second movable jaw 20 from moving close to the fixed jaw 13 and causing arbitrary movement during material crushing. Among them, the movement of the positioning rod 51 compresses the second V-shaped elastic element 52, generating elastic force. Under the action of the elastic force of the second V-shaped elastic element 52, the positioning rod 51 can be reset. Furthermore, when the coolant in the second elastic water bladder 48 returns to the first elastic water bladder 32, the movable frame 47 can be moved and reset under the action of the second elastic water bladder 48 restoring its formation, so that the second movable block 55 can move in the slide groove 43.
[0044] When the first movable jaw 19 moves away from the fixed jaw 13, the support plate 17 moves away from the fixed jaw 13, causing the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 to move. The movement of the support plate 17 causes the first movable block 23 to move. The movement of the first movable block 23 is stopped by the first telescopic connector 24, thereby causing the movable plate 18 and the first movable jaw 19 to move downward. The downward movement of the movable plate 18 causes the second movable jaw 20 to move downward. The downward movement of the second movable jaw 20 causes the second movable jaw 20 to disengage from the inclined lower end of the support plate 17. Under the action of the torsion spring 22, the second movable jaw 20 swings away from the fixed jaw 13, so that the crushed material can move downward between the second movable jaw 20 and the fixed jaw 13, reducing the occurrence of material jamming.
[0045] Simultaneously, the downward movement of the movable plate 18 and the first moving jaw 19 causes the push rod 25 to move downward. Since one end of the push rod 25 slides in contact with the uneven side of the guide plate 26, the convex part of the guide plate 26 guides one end of the push rod 25, allowing the first moving jaw 19 to slide within the movable plate 18. The sliding of the first moving jaw 19 causes the two first sliding plates 41 to slide, and the sliding of the two first sliding plates 41 compresses the two springs 42, generating elastic force. When one end of the push rod 25 aligns with the concave part of the guide plate 26, the elastic force of the two springs 42 causes the first moving jaw 19 to move back to its original position. During the downward movement of the movable plate 18 and the first moving jaw 19, under the guidance of the guide plate 26 and the elastic force of the springs 42, the first moving jaw 19 can vibrate slightly within the movable plate 18. This slight vibration of the first moving jaw 19 helps reduce material adhesion to it, thereby promoting downward material movement and improving the crushing effect.
[0046] In the neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements, the first moving jaw 19 and the second moving jaw 20 perform a composite motion, which includes components in two directions: horizontal reciprocating oscillation and vertical small-amplitude vibration.
[0047] Driven by the rotation of the eccentric shaft 14, the support plate 17, the movable plate 18, and the first moving jaw 19 swing in an arc around the suspension point, causing the first moving jaw 19 and the second moving jaw 20 to reciprocate horizontally (in the main crushing direction). When the first moving jaw 19 moves closer to the fixed jaw 13, it applies compressive force to the material, achieving coarse crushing; when the first moving jaw 19 moves away from the fixed jaw 13, the material falls under the action of gravity, preparing for the next compression.
[0048] During the swinging process of the support plate 17 and the movable plate 18, due to the inertial force of the rotation of the eccentric shaft 14, the support plate 17 and the movable plate 18 will generate slight vertical vibrations. The slight vertical vibration of the movable plate 18 drives the slight vertical vibration of the first movable jaw 19 and the second movable jaw 20, preventing material from adhering to the first movable jaw 19 and reducing the risk of blockage; it also promotes the discharge of crushed material from the discharge port and improves the discharge efficiency.
[0049] S2: Hydrogen Explosion (HD) utilizes the hydrogen absorption properties of rare earth intermetallic compounds to place neodymium iron boron alloys in a hydrogen environment; hydrogen enters the alloy interior along the neodymium-rich phase thin layer, causing it to expand and explode, thus breaking it apart; the alloy broken in this way cracks along the neodymium-rich phase layer, which can ensure the integrity of the main phase grains and the boundary phase between the neodymium-rich grains, while also making the alloy more porous, which is beneficial for subsequent processing.
[0050] The HD process comprises hydrogenation-desorption (HD). The essence of HD lies in the breaking of metallic bonds in rare-earth intermetallic compounds after hydrogen absorption, allowing hydrogen to occupy the sites. In the subsequent forced dehydrogenation process, the hydrogen polymerizes into hydrogen gas, separating from the hydrogen fragments, thereby refining the material grains (average grain size of 300 nm). Heavy rare-earth elements are added during this process to prevent them from entering the main phase, thus preparing magnetic powder with excellent magnetic properties and magnetic anisotropy.
[0051] In practice, the raw material Tb metal (Tb content above 99.5%) showed little reaction to hydrogen absorption. After adding the whole Tb metal to the HD process, almost no hydrogen absorption-dehydrogenation occurred. Considering that the internal metallic bonds of the elemental metal might be relatively stable and difficult to absorb hydrogen, we further processed the Tb metal and continued experimenting. Ultimately, we determined that 3mm thin-film Tb metal could be added during HD, ensuring that the Tb metal participated in the reaction and ultimately entered the product, improving the product's intrinsic coercivity. Adding 1% Tb metal increased the intrinsic coercivity by 5-6 kOe.
[0052] S3: Air Classifier Mill (ACM). Air classifier mills further refine powders. In an air classifier mill, materials are pulverized through high-speed collisions, resulting in no wear or contamination of the mill's inner wall. It can efficiently produce ultrafine magnetic powder with particle sizes in the micrometer range. In the context of air classifier mills (ACM), ACM stands for Air Classifier Mill.
[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.
Claims
1. A neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements, characterized in that: The enclosure includes a housing (10), with a mounting plate (12) on one side of the upper end of the housing (10), a fixed jaw member (13) on the lower side of the mounting plate (12), an eccentric shaft (14) rotatably mounted on the upper end of the housing (10), a sleeve (15) fitted on the outer wall of the eccentric shaft (14), a support plate (17) inclinedly mounted on the lower side of the sleeve (15), a movable plate (18) slidably mounted on one side of the support plate (17), a first movable jaw member (19) slidably mounted inside the movable plate (18), a second movable jaw member (20) rotatably mounted on the inclined lower end of the movable plate (18), and a first movable block (23) mounted on one side of the movable plate (18), one end of the first movable block (23) being connected to the upper part of the housing (10). The end is connected to a first telescopic connector (24). A plurality of upright plates (16) are connected between one side of the support plate (17) and the lower side of the sleeve (15). A fixed plate (30) is inclinedly provided on the lower side of the interior of the housing (10). A second telescopic connector (31) is connected between the inclined lower end of the fixed plate (30) and the lower end of the upright plate (16). A clearance opening (54) is provided on the upright plate (16). A guide plate (26) is provided on the lower side of the clearance opening (54). A plurality of push rods (25) are slidably provided on the movable plate (18). One end of the push rod (25) is fixedly connected to the first moving jaw (19). The other end of the push rod (25) is slidably contacted with the uneven side of the guide plate (26).
2. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed jaw member (13) is installed inside the side wall of the housing (10). The outer wall of the eccentric shaft (14) is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the sleeve (15). One end of the first telescopic connector (24) is rotatably connected to one end of the first movable block (23). The other end of the first telescopic connector (24) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the housing (10). One end of the second telescopic connector (31) is rotatably connected to the inclined lower end of the fixed plate (30). The other end of the second telescopic connector (31) is rotatably connected to the lower end of the upright plate (16). Both the first telescopic connector (24) and the second telescopic connector (31) are telescopic. The inner two side walls of the housing (10) are respectively provided with a limiting plate (27). The lower part of the two limiting plates (27) is respectively provided with a limiting port (29). The lower two sides of the support plate (17) are respectively provided with a slider (28). The slider (28) moves in the limiting port (29).
3. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower inclined end of the support plate (17) is provided with a relief groove (21), and the lower inclined end of the movable plate (18) is provided with a torsion spring (22) at the rotatable connection between it and the second moving jaw (20). The torsion spring (22) moves in the relief groove (21), and the first movable block (23) slides in the relief opening (54).
4. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first moving jaw (19) is provided with a first sliding plate (41) on each side. The first sliding plate (41) slides inside the movable plate (18). A spring (42) is provided between one side of the first sliding plate (41) and the interior of the movable plate (18).
5. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two first V-shaped elastic elements (34) are symmetrically connected between the upright plate (16) and the fixed plate (30). A T-shaped element (35) is provided in the middle of each of the two first V-shaped elastic elements (34). A first elastic water bladder (32) is provided on one side of the fixed plate (30). The two T-shaped elements (35) are in contact with the two sides of the first elastic water bladder (32).
6. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support plate (17) has a sliding groove (43) inside, and a second movable block (55) is slidably provided inside the sliding groove (43). The second movable block (55) is fixedly connected to the first movable block (23). A limiting groove (45) is provided on each side of the second movable block (55). A groove (44) is provided on each side of the sliding groove (43). A movable frame (47) slides inside each of the two grooves (44). Several hollow elastic elements (49) are provided on the side of the two movable frames (47) that are close to each other.
7. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both of the two active frames (47) have a sloping structure on the side that is close to each other.
8. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second elastic water bladder (48) is connected between the two movable frames (47) and the two grooves (44), respectively. The second elastic water bladder (48) is connected to the first elastic water bladder (32) by a telescopic connecting pipe (33). One end of the limiting groove (45) is provided with a positioning groove (46). A second sliding plate (50) is slidably provided inside the movable frame (47). A plurality of positioning rods (51) are provided on one side of the second sliding plate (50). One end of the positioning rod (51) slides inside the hollow elastic member (49). A second V-shaped elastic member (52) is connected between the outer wall of the positioning rod (51) and the inner two side walls of the hollow elastic member (49). A solenoid valve (53) is connected between the inside of the second elastic water bladder (48) and the inside of the movable frame (47).
9. The neodymium iron boron material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the housing (10) is provided with a frame (11), and the inside of the frame (11) is inclinedly provided with a feeding funnel (40). The inside of the housing (10) is connected to the inside of the feeding funnel (40). A stepper motor (36) is installed on one side of the frame (11). The output end of the stepper motor (36) is provided with a drive wheel (37). The outer walls of both ends of the eccentric shaft (14) are respectively provided with a driven wheel (39). The outer wall of the drive wheel (37) and the outer wall of the driven wheel (39) are connected by a belt (38).
10. A method for preparing NdFeB materials based on heavy rare earth elements, based on the NdFeB material preparation system based on heavy rare earth elements as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment. The main components of neodymium iron boron magnets include neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), and boron (B), which constitute the basic framework of the magnet. Block or rod-shaped raw materials are cut into appropriate sizes to facilitate subsequent smelting processes. S2: Melting, the pre-treated raw materials are put into the vacuum melting furnace according to a precise ratio; inside the melting furnace, the furnace temperature needs to be raised to a certain temperature and maintained for a period of time to allow the various metals to be fully melted and mixed evenly; during this process, the furnace is kept in a vacuum state, and protective gases such as argon are introduced to prevent the metals from being oxidized at high temperatures; S3: Powdering and coarse crushing: Jaw crushers are used to break cylindrical ingots into smaller pieces, achieving coarse crushing of NdFeB materials; Hydrogen explosion (HD): Utilizing the hydrogen absorption properties of rare earth intermetallic compounds, NdFeB alloys are placed in a hydrogen environment; hydrogen enters the alloy along the NdFeB-rich phase layer, causing it to expand and explode, thus breaking it; The alloy crushed in this way cracks along the NdFeB-rich phase layer, ensuring the integrity of the main phase grains and the NdFeB-rich grain boundary phase, while also making the alloy more porous, which is beneficial for subsequent processing; Air jet mill (ACM): The powder is further refined by air jet milling. In air jet milling, the material itself pulverizes through high-speed collision, causing no wear or pollution to the mill chamber wall, and can efficiently prepare ultrafine magnetic powder with particle sizes in the micron range; S4: Orientation and molding. The prepared magnetic powder is loaded into a special mold and placed in a strong magnetic field environment for orientation. Under the action of a strong magnetic field, the easy magnetization direction of the magnetic powder particles will tend to be consistent. Pressure is applied to the mold by a press to compact the magnetic powder in the mold and form a blank with initial magnetic orientation. Although this blank has been initially formed, it is still relatively fragile and requires further processing in subsequent processes. S5: Sintering and tempering treatment. The formed blank is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering. The sintering temperature is generally controlled at 1000-1100℃. Within this temperature range, the powder particles diffuse and fuse with each other, making the blank more compact, increasing its density and strength, and forming a microstructure with high permanent magnetic properties. After sintering, the magnet is quenched at high temperature and the grain boundary phase is unevenly distributed and the grain boundary is not clear. Therefore, tempering is required. The tempering temperature needs to be determined by experiment or thermal differential analysis. Generally, the magnet is reheated at a certain temperature to optimize the microstructure and obtain the best magnetic properties. S6: Machining. After sintering and tempering, the magnets still need to be machined according to the actual application requirements; wire cutting, surface grinding, and chamfering. S7: Surface treatment. Neodymium iron boron magnets are chemically active and easily oxidize and rust in air, so surface treatment is required to improve their corrosion resistance and service life. Common surface treatment methods include electroplating and spraying. S8: Quality inspection, the final product inspection includes appearance inspection, dimensional measurement, and magnetic performance testing.