Multi-gate coal feeder device and method for self-adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse bin

Abstract

The multi-gate coal feeder device comprises a bottom frame, a coal feeding device is connected to the top of the bottom frame, a transition bin body is arranged at the top of the coal feeding device, the transition bin body is connected with the bottom frame through a supporting frame, and a front gate device is connected to the transition bin body in the coal outlet direction; the transition bin body is connected with a bin collapse prevention gate device in the coal inlet direction, the side wall, away from the bin collapse prevention gate device, of the transition bin body is connected with a side gate device, the top of the bin collapse prevention gate device is fixedly connected with a coal bin outlet, and four fourth moisture detectors are installed on the outer side wall of the bottom of the coal bin outlet in an array mode. The invention further discloses a multi-gate coal feeding method for self-adaptive adjustment of the anti-collapse bin. According to the multi-gate coal feeder device and method for self-adaptively adjusting the anti-collapse bunker, the problem that in the prior art, the bunker collapse risk is difficult to warn in advance due to the fact that the water content of coal slime is high is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of coal feeder devices, specifically relating to a multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment and anti-collapse mechanism, and also to a coal feeding method of the device. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mine production, the coal feeder is a key piece of equipment for ensuring a continuous and stable supply of coal from the coal bunker to the transportation system. Due to the high moisture content of coal, especially during the rainy season or in areas with complex geological conditions, the coal body is prone to a highly moist and sticky state, leading to sudden and explosive coal spills within the coal bunker, commonly known as "bunker collapse." Bunker collapses not only cause blockages in the transportation system and equipment damage but can also trigger safety accidents, seriously affecting the continuous and safe production of the coal mine. Current technologies typically use passive, slow-speed gate opening or manual monitoring to control the coal feeding process. Some systems introduce single-point moisture detection and short coal storage structures to mitigate the impact, but these methods are insufficient for early prediction and proactive prevention of bunker collapse risks.

[0003] Furthermore, existing technologies rely on manual intervention or single-parameter monitoring, making it impossible to grasp the dynamic changes in coal flow moisture content and velocity in real time. They also lack multi-point collaborative sensing capabilities, resulting in delayed response and low control accuracy in preventing coal silo collapse. In particular, when the moisture content of coal slime suddenly increases, simply adjusting the opening of the main gate is insufficient to effectively prevent a large amount of wet coal from rushing out instantaneously, and a high safety risk still exists. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse mechanism, thereby addressing the problem in the prior art where the risk of collapse due to high moisture content in coal slime is difficult to predict in advance.

[0005] A second objective of this invention is to provide a multi-gate coal feeding method for adaptively adjusting anti-collapse chambers.

[0006] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is a multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of the anti-collapse bin, including a base frame, a coal feeding device connected to the top of the base frame, a transition bin body provided on the top of the coal feeding device, the transition bin body being connected to the base frame through a support frame, a front gate device connected to the coal discharge direction of the transition bin body, an anti-collapse bin gate device connected to the coal inlet direction of the transition bin body, a side gate device connected to the side wall of the transition bin body away from the anti-collapse bin gate device, a coal bin outlet fixed to the top of the anti-collapse bin gate device, and four fourth moisture detectors arrayed on the bottom outer wall of the coal bin outlet.

[0007] The first technical solution of this invention is also characterized in that, The coal feeding device includes a motor support, a roller support, and auxiliary roller supports. The motor support, roller supports, and several auxiliary roller supports are all bolted to the base frame. A motor is bolted to the upper end of the motor support, and a drive roller is connected to the motor output end via a sprocket mechanism. The drive roller is rotatably mounted on the roller support via bearings. It also includes a reversing roller, the drive roller and the reversing roller are synchronously connected by a conveyor belt, and the top of several auxiliary roller supports are all equipped with auxiliary rollers that rotate coaxially with bearings. The output end of the conveyor belt is equipped with a flow rate monitoring device on the base frame. The flow rate monitoring device includes a support plate, which is fixedly connected to the base frame at the position corresponding to the output end of the conveyor belt. A pair of rotating ears are fixedly connected to the support plate, and a movable shaft is coaxially rotatably connected to the two rotating ears. An arc-shaped guide plate is fixedly connected to the movable shaft. Several monitoring components are provided between the arc-shaped guide plate and the support plate. One end of the monitoring component is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped guide plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support plate. A conveyor belt cleaning brush is detachably connected to the support plate near the conveyor belt. The monitoring component includes a sleeve fixed to a support plate. The sleeve is a cylindrical structure with one end open. A pressure rod that can slide axially is coaxially installed inside the sleeve. One end of the pressure rod, near the arc-shaped guide plate, extends out of the sleeve opening and is connected to the arc-shaped guide plate. The other end of the pressure rod is located inside the sleeve. A pressure sensor is installed at one end of the pressure rod inside the sleeve. The pressure sensor's pressure-receiving surface faces the inside of the sleeve and abuts against the pressure rod. A spring is fitted on the pressure rod. One end of the spring abuts against the shoulder of the pressure rod, and the other end abuts against the annular limiting step on the inner wall of the sleeve.

[0008] The transition silo has a coal inlet, a front coal outlet, and a side coal outlet. The top of the transition silo near the front coal outlet is connected to an internal partition. The side wall of the transition silo is equipped with a first moisture detector, a second moisture detector, and a third moisture detector.

[0009] The front gate device includes two symmetrically installed first cylinder bases, which are respectively symmetrically welded to the two side walls of the transition chamber. Each first cylinder base is hinged to a first cylinder, and the output end of the first cylinder is hinged to a hinge lug. The two hinge lugs are symmetrically fixed to the front gate. The front gate is coaxially rotatably connected to a fixed seat via a rotating shaft. The two fixed seats are symmetrically fixed to the transition chamber.

[0010] The anti-collapse gate device includes a base frame, the top of which is fixedly connected to the coal outlet of the coal bunker and bolted to the transition bunker body. A slide rail is provided inside the base frame near the coal inlet of the bunker body, and a gate assembly is housed within the slide rail. Large-diameter hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically connected to the outer walls of the gate assembly via hydraulic cylinder support seats. The output ends of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinders are connected to the gate assembly via connectors. Displacement sensors are installed at the output ends of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinders, and two position sensors are sequentially installed along the working direction at the output ends of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinders to monitor the gate assembly's open and closed positions. Multiple traction wheels are connected to the two side frames of the base frame away from the coal inlet of the bunker body. A pressure roller mounting seat is fixedly connected to the top inner side frame of the base frame away from the coal inlet of the bunker body, and multiple pressure rollers are rotatably connected to the bottom of the pressure roller mounting seat.

[0011] The gate assembly includes a first connecting frame and a second connecting frame. The first connecting frame is fixedly connected to the base frame. A serrated plate is welded to one side of the first connecting frame, and a gate that matches the serrated plate is provided. The gate has several water filtering holes and is slidably connected to the slide rail. The end of the gate away from the serrated plate is fixedly connected to the connector. The second connecting frame is fixedly connected to the end of the base frame away from the coal inlet of the silo and is arranged opposite to the first connecting frame along the extension direction of the slide rail. The second connecting frame has a sliding channel adapted to the gate inside, and the gate is embedded in the channel and slides horizontally inside the second connecting frame.

[0012] The side gate device includes a first chute and a second chute. The first chute is connected to the transition bin and corresponds to the coal outlet on the side of the bin. The other end of the first chute is connected to the side gate assembly. A support frame is fixed to the bottom outer wall of the first chute. The second chute is fixed to the side wall of the side gate assembly away from the first chute. The side gate assembly includes a gate frame and a side gate. The gate frame is fixedly connected to a third connecting frame and a fourth connecting frame in sequence along the horizontal direction. At the inner wall of the gate frame near the first chute, two rows of upper and lower support wheels are linearly arranged and rotatably connected along the sliding direction of the side gate. The upper and lower rows of support wheels are in rolling contact with the surface of the side gate. The third connecting frame is connected to a second hydraulic cylinder. The bottom of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the wall through the second hydraulic cylinder base, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the side gate. The fourth connecting frame has a horizontal sliding groove adapted to the side gate.

[0013] It also includes a PLC controller, which is connected to the first moisture detector, the second moisture detector, the third moisture detector, the fourth moisture detector, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a position sensor, the first hydraulic cylinder, the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder, and the second hydraulic cylinder.

[0014] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is a multi-gate coal feeding method for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chambers, the specific steps of which are as follows: Collect information on the moisture content of coal flow from the moisture detector and the pressure value from the pressure sensor; determine the risk of coal bunker collapse based on whether the moisture content exceeds the moisture content threshold and whether the pressure value exceeds the pressure value threshold. The PLC controller controls the following: when there is no risk of collapse, the motor starts, the front gate opens, the side gate closes, and the anti-collapse gate opens for normal coal feeding; when there is a collapse warning, the motor stops, the front gate closes, the anti-collapse gate closes slightly, and the side gate opens to discharge coal slurry; when there is a risk of collapse, the anti-collapse gate closes.

[0015] The second technical solution of the present invention is further characterized in that, During information collection, the fourth moisture detector monitors the moisture content of the coal flow falling from the coal outlet of the coal bunker, while the first to third moisture detectors monitor the moisture content of the coal flow at different heights in the transition bunker. The pressure value of the pressure sensor is generated by the impact of the coal flow on the arc-shaped guide plate. The arc-shaped guide plate rotates around the movable shaft, which drives the pressure rod to compress the spring and press against the pressure sensor to obtain the information. The information collection frequency is 10-50Hz. When there is no risk of silo collapse, the motor drives the drive roller to rotate through the sprocket mechanism, which in turn drives the conveyor belt and auxiliary roller to operate smoothly; the first hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts to pull the front gate to rotate around the rotating shaft and open; the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder drives the anti-collapse gate to slide along the slide rail to 50%-100% opening, and the displacement sensor feedback signal realizes precise control of the opening. When there is a risk of collapse, the motor stops outputting power, and the conveyor belt stops rotating synchronously with the drive roller; the first hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts in the opposite direction to push the front gate to close; the anti-collapse gate is driven by the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder to close to the original opening degree of 30%-50%; the second hydraulic cylinder pulls the side gate to open along the slide of the fourth connecting frame, and the coal slurry water is transported to the dewatering point through the first chute and the second chute.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Based on the moisture content of coal slime in the coal bunker and the pressure value of the pressure sensor in the flow velocity monitoring device, the present invention adaptively adjusts the opening and closing of each gate. Through a multi-channel approach, it solves the problem of explosive coal discharge caused by excessive moisture content of coal slime in the prior art, and greatly prevents the risk of bunker collapse.

[0017] (2) This invention constructs a three-channel controllable coal feeding structure by setting a coal feeding device on the base frame and configuring a transition chamber with a front gate device, an anti-collapse gate device, and a side gate device above it; at the same time, multiple moisture detectors are set at the coal outlet of the coal bunker to realize source monitoring of the moisture content of the coal flow. Due to the establishment of a multi-point moisture detection and flow rate monitoring linkage mechanism, and combined with the PLC controller to perform graded response control of the gates driven by each hydraulic cylinder, the problem of difficulty in early warning of collapse and poor anti-collapse effect caused by high moisture content of coal slime in the traditional coal feeding process is solved. Thus, early identification and active prevention and control of collapse risk are realized, significantly improving the automation level and operational safety of the coal mine coal feeding system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coal feeding device in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment and anti-collapse of the silo, as described in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow velocity monitoring device in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment and anti-collapse of the silo, as described in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring component in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transition chamber in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front gate device in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment and anti-collapse of the silo in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-collapse gate device in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gate assembly in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment and anti-collapse of the hopper, as described in this invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the side gate device in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment and anti-collapse of the silo, as described in this invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the side gate assembly in the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber according to the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram, 1. Base frame; 2. Coal feeding device; 21. Motor support; 22. Motor; 23. Roller support; 24. Drive roller; 25. Reversing roller; 26. Auxiliary roller support; 27. Auxiliary roller; 28. Conveyor belt; 29. ​​Flow rate monitoring device; 291. Support plate; 292. Rotating ear; 293. Arc-shaped guide plate; 294. Movable shaft; 295. Monitoring component; 2951. Sleeve; 2952. Pressure rod; 2953. Spring; 2954. Pressure sensor; 296. Conveyor belt cleaning brush; 3. Connecting support frame; 4. Transition bin; 41. Bin coal inlet; 42. Bin front coal outlet; 43. Bin side coal outlet; 44. Bin internal partition; 45. First moisture detector; 46. Second moisture detector; 47. Third moisture detector; 5. Front gate device; 51. First hydraulic cylinder base; 52. First hydraulic cylinder; 53. Hinge lug; 54. Front gate; 55. Rotating shaft; 56. Fixed seat; 6. Anti-collapse gate device; 61. Base frame; 62. Large-diameter hydraulic cylinder; 63. Gate assembly; 631. First connecting frame; 632. Second connecting frame; 633. Serrated plate; 634. Gate; 635. Slide rail; 64. Connecting piece; 65. Drag wheel; 66. Pressure roller mounting seat; 67. Pressure roller; 6 8. Displacement sensor; 69. Position sensor; 7. Side gate device; 71. First chute; 72. Support frame; 73. Side gate assembly; 731. Gate frame; 732. Third connecting frame; 733. Fourth connecting frame; 734. Second hydraulic cylinder; 735. Second hydraulic cylinder base; 736. Side gate; 737. Support wheel; 74. Second chute; 8. Coal bunker outlet; 81. Fourth moisture detector. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 This invention provides a multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a base frame 1, a coal feeding device 2 connected to the top of the base frame 1, a transition bin 4 on the top of the coal feeding device 2, the transition bin 4 being connected to the base frame 1 via a support frame 3, a front gate device 5 connected to the coal discharge direction of the transition bin 4, an anti-collapse bin gate device 6 connected to the coal inlet direction of the transition bin 4, a side gate device 7 connected to the side wall of the transition bin 4 away from the anti-collapse bin gate device 6, a coal bunker outlet 8 fixedly connected to the top of the anti-collapse bin gate device 6, and four fourth moisture detectors 81 arrayed on the bottom outer side wall of the coal bunker outlet 8.

[0022] The base frame 1 is connected to the top of the coal feeding device 2, which transports the coal entering the transition bin 4 outward at a set rate. The transition bin 4 temporarily accommodates coal falling from the upper coal bunker and acts as a buffer and guide to prevent direct impact on the coal feeding device 2, thus avoiding damage or operational instability. The transition bin 4 is stably connected to the base frame 1 via a connecting support frame 3, which adopts a column-type or frame-type structure.

[0023] Furthermore, the transition bin 4 is connected to a front gate device 5 in the coal discharge direction to control the opening and closing of the main coal discharge channel and adjust its opening degree; it is connected to an anti-collapse gate device 6 in the coal inlet direction to regulate the coal inlet flow from the coal bin, especially when a collapse warning occurs, the opening degree can be quickly reduced to curb the coal flow; a side gate device 7 is connected to the side wall of the transition bin 4 away from the anti-collapse gate device 6 to form a lateral emergency discharge channel. When the system judges that there is a risk of collapse, the high water content coal slime can be guided to the dewatering treatment facility by opening this side gate to prevent its accumulation and cause an accident.

[0024] In addition, the top of the anti-collapse gate device 6 is fixedly connected to the coal bunker outlet 8, which is used to seal and connect with the discharge port of the upstream coal bunker to ensure that the coal flow is smoothly introduced into the device. Four fourth moisture detectors 81 are arrayed on the bottom outer wall of the coal bunker outlet 8, evenly distributed in a ring around the circumference of the outlet, to detect the moisture content of the coal flow entering the device in real time. This arrangement overcomes the problem of single-point detection being easily affected by local coal quality unevenness, improving the representativeness and reliability of the measurement. The fourth moisture detectors 81 can be microwave, capacitive, or infrared non-contact sensors, and their output signals can be used for risk assessment in the subsequent control system.

[0025] The inter-component linkage is as follows: the coal outlet 8 of the coal bunker serves as the input port, and the fourth moisture detector 81 configured below it first acquires the original coal quality information; the anti-collapse gate device 6 dynamically adjusts the coal feed rate based on this information; the transition chamber 4 acts as an intermediate buffer and distribution node, coordinating the upstream and downstream processes; the front gate device 5 controls the main output path to ensure normal production; and the side gate device 7 serves as a safety redundancy outlet, activated in emergencies. The entire system forms a closed-loop mechanism from front-end sensing to multi-path control, providing the hardware foundation for achieving adaptive anti-collapse.

[0026] Example 2 Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, this embodiment further provides: the coal feeding device 2 includes a motor support 21, a roller support 23, and auxiliary roller supports 26. The motor support 21, roller support 23, and several auxiliary roller supports 26 are all bolted to the base frame 1. A motor 22 is bolted to the upper end of the motor support 21. The output end of the motor 22 is connected to a drive roller 24 via a sprocket mechanism. The drive roller 24 is rotatably mounted on the roller support 23 via bearings. It also includes a reversing roller 25. The drive roller 24 and the reversing roller 25 are synchronously connected via a conveyor belt 28. The top ends of several auxiliary roller supports 26 are all coaxially rotatably mounted with bearings, and an auxiliary roller 27 is correspondingly mounted on the base frame 1 at the output end of the conveyor belt 28. like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the flow rate monitoring device 29 includes a support plate 291, which is fixedly connected to the base frame 1 at the position corresponding to the output end of the conveyor belt 28. A pair of rotating ears 292 are fixedly connected to the support plate 291, and a movable shaft 294 is coaxially rotatably connected to the two rotating ears 292. An arc-shaped guide plate 293 is connected to the movable shaft 294. Several monitoring components 295 are provided between the arc-shaped guide plate 293 and the support plate 291. A conveyor belt cleaning brush 296 is detachably connected to the support plate 291 near the conveyor belt 28. The monitoring component 295 includes a sleeve 2951 fixedly connected to the support plate 291. The sleeve 2951 is a cylindrical structure with one end open. Inside the sleeve 2951... A pressure rod 2952, which can slide axially, is coaxially provided. One end of the pressure rod 2952, near the arc-shaped guide plate 293, extends out of the opening of the sleeve 2951 and is connected to the arc-shaped guide plate 293. The other end of the pressure rod 2952 is located inside the sleeve 2951. A pressure sensor 2954 is provided at the end of the pressure rod 2952 inside the sleeve 2951. The pressure-receiving surface of the pressure sensor 2954 faces the inside of the sleeve 2951 and abuts against the pressure rod 2952. A spring 2953 is fitted on the pressure rod 2952. One end of the spring 2953 abuts against the shoulder of the pressure rod 2952, and the other end abuts against the annular limiting step on the inner wall of the sleeve 2951.

[0027] The motor bracket 21 serves as the mounting base for the power unit, secured to the base frame 1 with bolts to ensure structural rigidity and vibration isolation during motor 22 operation. The motor 22 is a three-phase asynchronous motor or a variable frequency speed-regulating motor, allowing for speed adjustment based on operating conditions. Its output shaft is connected to the drive roller 24 via a sprocket mechanism, which includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket, and a transmission chain mounted on it. The drive roller 24 is rotatably mounted on a roller bracket 23 at both ends via rolling bearings. This bracket is also bolted to the base frame 1, forming a stable support system. A reversing roller 25 is positioned at the end of the conveying path, parallel to the drive roller 24. The two are synchronized via a ring conveyor belt 28, forming a closed material transfer loop. Several auxiliary roller brackets 26 are equidistantly distributed along the middle section of the conveyor belt 28. Each bracket has an auxiliary roller 27 mounted on its top via bearings to support the middle area of ​​the conveyor belt.

[0028] A flow rate monitoring device 29 is installed below the output end of the conveyor belt 28 to sense the impact characteristics of the falling coal flow. A pair of rotating lugs 292 are symmetrically fixed to the upper part of the support plate 291, and a movable shaft 294 is coaxially inserted between the two lugs. The movable shaft 294 is connected to the arc-shaped guide plate 293, allowing the guide plate to swing around the shaft. When the coal flow falls from the end of the conveyor belt and impacts the arc-shaped guide plate 293, it generates a downward force, causing the arc-shaped guide plate 293 to rotate around the movable shaft 294, thereby driving the multiple monitoring components 295 connected to it to operate synchronously.

[0029] When the arc-shaped guide plate 293 is deflected by the coal flow, the pressure rod 2952 is pushed, thereby applying pressure to the compression spring 2953; after the coal flow weakens or is interrupted, the spring recovers its deformation, pushing the pressure rod 2952 back to its original position. The pressure sensor 2954 converts the applied pressure into an electrical signal output; multiple monitoring components 295 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the arc-shaped guide plate, which can realize multi-point sampling in space and effectively avoid measurement deviations caused by local blockage or off-center loading.

[0030] In addition, a detachably connected conveyor belt cleaning brush 296 is provided on the side of the support plate 291 near the conveyor belt 28. This brush can be installed by means of clips, magnets, or screws, making it easy to disassemble, clean, or replace the bristles periodically. Its bristles extend into the bottom running track of the conveyor belt, lightly touching the belt surface to remove adhering coal dust or wet mud.

[0031] Example 3 Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 5As shown, this embodiment further provides: the transition silo 4 is provided with a silo inlet 41, a silo front outlet 42 and a silo side outlet 43, the top of the transition silo 4 near the silo front outlet 42 is connected to an internal partition 44, and the side wall of the transition silo 4 is provided with a first moisture detector 45, a second moisture detector 46 and a third moisture detector 47 in sequence.

[0032] The transition silo 4 serves as an intermediate coal storage and diversion structure connecting the anti-collapse gate device 6 and the front gate device 5. Its overall rectangular box structure possesses sufficient structural strength to withstand the static pressure and dynamic impact loads of the coal. The silo inlet 41 is located at the top rear end of the transition silo 4 to receive the falling coal flow from the coal outlet 8. The front coal outlet 42 is located below the front end, directly opposite the conveyor belt 28 of the coal feeding device 2, forming the main coal discharge channel. The side coal outlet 43 is located in the lower middle part of one side wall of the transition silo 4, connected to the first chute 71 of the side gate device 7, serving as an emergency discharge channel. It opens to discharge water-containing materials when high-moisture coal slurry accumulates, preventing blockages or sudden surges. The internal partition 44 is a vertically installed metal baffle, fixedly connected to the top inner wall of the transition silo 4 near the front coal outlet 42. Its bottom end has an appropriate gap from the bottom of the transition silo, forming a diversion channel. The function of the inner baffle 44 is to guide the coal flow towards the center, preventing the coal flow from adhering to the wall and causing increased wear on the sidewalls. It also buffers the energy of the high-speed falling coal flow to a certain extent, stabilizing the material flow within the bin and reducing the impact of turbulence on moisture detection accuracy. In an optional embodiment, the inner baffle 44 can be designed as an arc-shaped or sloping structure to further optimize flow guidance performance; the material can also be replaced with wear-resistant composite steel to extend its service life.

[0033] The first moisture detector 45, the second moisture detector 46, and the third moisture detector 47 are arranged in a specific spatial sequence along the side wall of the transition chamber 4, forming a vertically and longitudinally interwoven monitoring network. Specifically, the three moisture detectors are installed on the same outer wall of the transition chamber 4, with probes penetrating the chamber wall and extending into the interior to maintain non-contact sensing with the coal flow. They can be selected to use either microwave transmission or capacitive sensing principles for online moisture measurement, with a response frequency of 10–50 Hz, meeting the requirements for real-time monitoring.

[0034] The system employs a three-tiered layout: a first moisture detector 45 located above the coal inlet 41 to monitor the initial moisture content of the coal stream entering the transition chamber; a second moisture detector 46 positioned centrally in the middle of the coal stream to reflect moisture evolution during the process; and a third moisture detector 47 located upstream of the coal outlet 42 to detect the final moisture content of the coal stream about to be discharged. This gradient layout captures potential moisture migration, local accumulation, or precipitation phenomena that may occur as the coal stream descends layer by layer under gravity, making it particularly suitable for identifying sudden seepage or coal sliming trends in the upper layers. When the first moisture detector 45 detects a sudden increase in moisture content before the downstream second and third detectors respond, the system can determine that the upstream coal has become instantaneously wet, triggering a pre-alarm mechanism. If all three detectors sequentially exceed the limit, it indicates that the entire chamber is in a high-humidity saturated state, posing a high risk of chamber collapse. Conversely, if only the third detector malfunctions, it may be due to local stagnation or poor drainage, helping to differentiate the fault type.

[0035] Example 4 Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment further provides: the front gate device 5 includes two symmetrically installed first cylinder bases 51, the two first cylinder bases 51 are respectively symmetrically welded to the two side walls of the transition chamber 4, the two first cylinder bases 51 are respectively hinged to first cylinders 52, the output end of the first cylinders 52 is hinged to a hinge lug 53, the two hinge lugs 53 are symmetrically fixed to the front gate 54, the front gate 54 is coaxially rotatably connected to a fixed seat 56 through a rotating shaft 55, and the two fixed seats 56 are symmetrically fixed to the transition chamber 4.

[0036] The front gate device 5 employs two symmetrically arranged first cylinder bases 51, serving as the mounting foundation for the entire drive system. The first cylinder bases 51 are firmly connected to the outer walls of the transition chamber 4 via welding, possessing high structural strength and fatigue resistance, capable of withstanding stress impacts from long-term repeated loading. The symmetrical distribution of two first cylinder bases 51 helps balance the system's load and prevents structural deformation or jamming due to uneven loading.

[0037] Each first cylinder base 51 is hinged with a first cylinder 52, i.e., a hydraulic cylinder. The tail end of the first cylinder 52 is connected to the first cylinder base 51 via a pin to form a rotating pair. The first cylinder 52 controls the opening degree of the front gate 54. This cylinder can be a single-acting or double-acting piston hydraulic cylinder, or a pneumatic cylinder or electric push rod can be selected as an alternative depending on the load. The piston rod end of the first cylinder 52 is connected to the front gate 54 via a hinge lug 53. The hinge lugs 53 are arranged in pairs and fixed to the two end faces of the front gate 54 respectively. The hinge lugs 53 and the front gate 54 can be fixed by welding or bolting. The front gate 54 forms a rotating support mechanism with a rotating shaft 55 and a fixed seat 56. The rotating shaft 55 passes through the rotating arm of the front gate 54 and is fixedly connected to it coaxially; both ends are embedded in the fixed seats 56 symmetrically arranged on the transition chamber 4, and smooth rotation is achieved by bearing support. The fixed base 56 is a box-shaped structure, welded to the side wall reinforcement area of ​​the transition chamber 4.

[0038] When the first hydraulic cylinder 52 extends, it pushes the hinge lug 53 to rotate the front gate 54 upward around the rotating shaft 55, causing the front gate to disengage from the coal outlet 42 of the silo body, thus opening the passage. Conversely, when the first hydraulic cylinder 52 retracts, it pulls the front gate 54 downward to rotate and tightly fit against the coal outlet section, thus sealing it. Due to the synchronous drive on both sides, the left and right sets of hydraulic cylinders move in unison, effectively avoiding twisting or jamming caused by force on one side.

[0039] Example 5 Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment further provides: The anti-collapse gate device 6 includes a base frame 61. The top of the base frame 61 is fixedly connected to the coal outlet 8 of the coal bunker, and the base frame 61 is bolted to the transition bunker body 4. A slide rail 635 is provided inside the base frame 61 near the coal inlet 41 of the bunker body. A gate assembly 63 is provided inside the slide rail 635. Large-diameter hydraulic cylinders 62 are symmetrically connected to the outer walls of the gate assembly 63 on both sides by hydraulic cylinder support seats. The output end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinders 62 is connected to the gate assembly 63 by a connector 64. A displacement sensor 68 is provided at the output end of cylinder 62, and two position sensors 69 are sequentially provided at the output end of large-diameter cylinder 62 along the working process direction to monitor the gate assembly 63 when it is fully open and fully closed. Multiple towing wheels 65 are connected to the two side frames of the base frame 61 at the end away from the coal inlet 41 of the silo. A pressure roller mounting seat 66 is fixedly connected to the top inner side frame of the base frame 61 at the end away from the coal inlet 41 of the silo. Multiple pressure rollers 67 are rotatably connected to the bottom of the pressure roller mounting seat 66.

[0040] The gate assembly 63 is housed within the slide rail 635 and can reciprocate linearly along the slide rail under driving force, thereby adjusting the opening degree of the coal flow channel. The large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62, as the main actuator, is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. Its cylinder body is fixed to both sides of the base frame 61 via a cylinder support seat. The piston rod extends towards the gate assembly 63 and is securely connected to the gate assembly 63 via a connector 64. The connector 64 can be a fork joint, a pin structure, or a flange, ensuring efficient and reliable force transmission. The operation of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 is coordinated and controlled by a PLC controller, which can automatically adjust the extension and retraction stroke based on real-time monitoring data. A displacement sensor 68 is located at the output end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 and is used to continuously measure the actual displacement of the piston rod, thereby calculating the current opening degree of the gate assembly 63. This sensor can be a magnetostrictive type, an LVDT linear variable differential transformer, or a grating ruler.

[0041] Two position sensors 69 are sequentially arranged along the working direction of the output end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62, respectively used to detect whether the gate assembly 63 has reached the "fully open" and "fully closed" limit positions. The position sensors 69 can be in the form of proximity switches, Hall effect sensors, or limit switches, and are installed on the outside of the cylinder or at corresponding positions on the base frame 61. When the gate is fully open or closed, the corresponding sensor is triggered to send a positioning signal, preventing the hydraulic cylinder from overtraveling and ensuring equipment safety. Multiple rollers 65 are located on both sides of the base frame 61 away from the coal inlet 41, distributed along the direction of movement. The rollers 65 are mounted on the bracket via a pivot and can rotate freely. They support the tail of the gate assembly 63, sharing its weight, reducing the local load on the slide rail 635, and improving the smoothness of long-stroke movement. The wheel surfaces of the rollers 65 can be covered with polyurethane or nylon material to reduce noise and wear. The pressure roller mounting base 66 is fixed to the top inner frame of the base frame 61 at the end away from the coal inlet 41 of the silo, and is used to mount the pressure roller 67. The pressure roller 67 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the pressure roller mounting base 66, applying a downward constraint force to prevent the gate assembly 63 from jumping up and down or disengaging from the slide rail during movement. The pressure rollers 67 are usually arranged in pairs, distributed on both sides of the upper surface of the gate assembly 63, forming a stable three-point or four-point support system, enhancing the overall operational reliability.

[0042] The working principle of each component is as follows: the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 pushes the gate assembly 63 to slide along the slide rail 635 to realize the opening, closing and throttling control of the coal flow inlet; the displacement sensor 68 collects stroke data in real time to support precise opening adjustment; the position sensor 69 confirms the extreme position status to prevent misoperation; the towing roller 65 and the pressure roller 67 together constitute an auxiliary support and limit system to ensure that the gate assembly 63 operates smoothly under heavy load conditions.

[0043] Example 6 Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides: the gate assembly 63 includes a first connecting frame 631 and a second connecting frame 632. The first connecting frame 631 is fixedly connected to the base frame 61. A serrated plate 633 is welded to one side of the first connecting frame 631. A gate 634 is correspondingly provided on the serrated plate 633 and cooperates with it. The gate 634 has a plurality of water filtering holes and is slidably connected to the slide rail 635. The end of the gate 634 away from the serrated plate 633 is fixedly connected to the connector 64. The second connecting frame 632 is fixedly connected to the end of the base frame 61 away from the coal inlet 41 of the silo and is arranged opposite to the first connecting frame 631 along the extension direction of the slide rail 635. The second connecting frame 632 has a sliding channel adapted to the gate 634 inside. The gate 634 is embedded in the channel and slides horizontally inside the second connecting frame 632.

[0044] The gate 634 has a plate-like structure with multiple filter holes evenly distributed on its surface. These holes, ranging from 8mm to 15mm in diameter, effectively allow free water to seep out while preventing the leakage of coal particles larger than the hole diameter. The layout of the filter holes can be optimized according to the actual moisture content of the coal. The gate 634 is slidably mounted within a slide rail 635, which extends horizontally within the base frame 61, providing guidance and limiting for the gate's movement. The slide rail can have a T-shaped, dovetail-shaped, or rectangular groove structure, working in conjunction with the slider on the side of the gate to achieve stable sliding and ensure smooth, jam-free movement. One end of the gate is fixedly connected to the output end of a large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 via a connector 64, driven by a hydraulic system to reciprocate, thereby controlling the gate opening and adjusting the coal flow rate. The connector 64 can adopt a flange-type connection structure or a hinged pin structure for easy assembly and maintenance, and can withstand significant pushing and pulling forces.

[0045] The second connecting frame 632 is located at the end of the base frame 61 away from the coal inlet 41 of the silo, and is arranged opposite to the first connecting frame 631 along the extension direction of the slide rail 635, forming a two-end clamping support structure. Its interior has a sliding channel adapted to the external dimensions of the gate 634. This channel is coaxially aligned with the slide rail 635, allowing the tail of the gate to be embedded and slide horizontally within it. This design not only enhances the rigidity and stability of the gate during movement but also effectively suppresses deflection or warping caused by unilateral force, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0046] The working principle of the components is as follows: When the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 pushes the connecting piece 64 to move the gate 634 along the slide rail 635 away from the sawtooth plate 633, the gate gradually opens, and the coal flow enters the transition chamber 4 from the coal outlet 8 of the coal bunker. During this process, the wet coal passes through the shearing area between the sawtooth plate and the gate, and the lumps are broken up. At the same time, some free water is discharged through the water filter holes, which reduces the overall humidity of the coal body. The tail of the gate slides synchronously in the sliding channel of the second connecting frame 632, maintaining the overall straight movement state and avoiding local stress concentration.

[0047] Example 7 Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment further provides: a side gate device 7 including a first chute 71 and a second chute 74, the first chute 71 being connected to the transition bin 4 and corresponding to the coal outlet 43 on the side of the bin, the other end of the first chute 71 being connected to the side gate assembly 73, a support frame 72 being fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the first chute 71, and the second chute 74 being fixedly connected to the side wall of the side gate assembly 73 away from the first chute 71; the side gate assembly 73 including a gate frame 731 and a side gate 736, the gate frame 731 being sequentially fixedly connected to a third connecting frame 732 and a fourth connecting frame 733 in the horizontal direction, the gate frame 731 being close to the first chute 71. On one end of the inner wall, two rows of support wheels 737 are linearly arranged and rotatably connected along the sliding direction of the side gate 736. The upper row of support wheels 737 contacts the upper surface of the side gate 736, and the lower row of support wheels 737 contacts the lower surface of the side gate 736, thereby clamping and rolling the side gate 736 from both upper and lower directions to reduce its sliding friction. The third connecting frame 732 is connected to the second hydraulic cylinder 734. The bottom of the second hydraulic cylinder 734 is fixedly connected to the wall through the second hydraulic cylinder base 735, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 734 is fixedly connected to the side gate 736. The fourth connecting frame 733 has a horizontal sliding groove adapted to the side gate 736.

[0048] The outlet end of the first chute 71 is connected to the side gate assembly 73, which is the core control unit of the entire lateral discharge system. On the inner wall of the gate frame 731 near the first chute 71, two rows of support wheels 737 are linearly arranged along the sliding direction of the side gate 736. Each row may contain 2-6 independently rotating rollers, mounted on the side plate of the frame via bearings. The function of the support wheels 737 is to provide multi-point support and guidance for the side gate 736, preventing it from tilting or jamming during reciprocating motion, and ensuring stable operation, especially when carrying wet, sticky coal slurry. The side gate 736 itself is a thick plate structure, with a thickness between 20mm and 50mm, capable of withstanding the impact of coal slurry under certain pressure. One side is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the second hydraulic cylinder 734, and the other side is embedded in a horizontal groove inside the fourth connecting frame 733, forming a linear guiding fit. The fourth connecting frame 733 serves as an end-position limiting and guiding structure. A copper liner or self-lubricating slider can be installed within its groove to further reduce movement resistance. The third connecting frame 732 is located at the other end of the gate frame 731 and is used to install the second hydraulic cylinder 734. The second hydraulic cylinder 734 is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. The bottom of its cylinder barrel is securely connected to the external wall or independent support via the second hydraulic cylinder base 735, ensuring effective transmission of pushing and pulling forces without generating reaction swaying. The stroke of the second hydraulic cylinder 734 can be set according to actual needs to achieve the fully open and fully closed operation of the side gate 736.

[0049] A second chute 74 is fixedly connected to the side of the side gate assembly 73 away from the first chute 71. This chute guides the coal slurry water discharged in the open state to downstream dewatering equipment, such as a vibrating screen or sedimentation tank. The second chute 74 is also arranged at an incline. The entire lateral discharge path, from the coal outlet 43 on the side of the bin, through the first chute 71, through the open side gate 736, and into the second chute 74, forms a complete bypass discharge channel.

[0050] This embodiment enables the control system to instruct the second hydraulic cylinder 734 to actuate when a risk of silo collapse is detected. This actuates the side gate 736, moving it outward along the horizontal chute and disengaging it from its sealed position, thereby opening the lateral discharge passage. At this time, the high-moisture coal slurry in the transition silo 4 can quickly flow into the first chute 71 through the side coal outlet 43 under gravity, and then be discharged into the second chute 74 through the opened side gate assembly 73, ultimately being transported to the dewatering treatment area. During normal operation, the side gate 736 is in the closed state, sealing the side coal outlet 43 and ensuring the continuity and airtightness of the main coal discharge path. Because two rows of support wheels 737 provide even support for the side gate 736, it maintains smooth and vibration-free movement even under long-term frequent opening and closing or uneven load conditions, extending its service life.

[0051] Example 8 Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 10As shown, this embodiment further includes a PLC controller, which is connected to the first moisture detector 45, the second moisture detector 46, the third moisture detector 47, the fourth moisture detector 81, the pressure sensor 2954, the displacement sensor 68, the position sensor 69, the first hydraulic cylinder 52, the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62, and the second hydraulic cylinder 734.

[0052] This embodiment introduces a PLC controller as the core control unit of the system, realizing centralized control of the acquisition of multi-source sensor information and the execution mechanism. The first moisture detector 45, the second moisture detector 46, and the third moisture detector 47 are installed at different heights on the side wall of the transition chamber 4 to monitor the vertical moisture content distribution of the coal flow in layers. A fourth moisture detector array 81 is installed on the outer bottom of the coal outlet 8 of the coal bunker, with four detectors arranged in a ring to detect the moisture content of the initial section of the coal flow falling from the bunker in real time, ensuring the representativeness and reliability of the source data. The aforementioned moisture detectors can employ microwave, capacitive, or infrared absorption sensors. Their probes are directly or non-contactly close to the coal flow path, transmitting the measured moisture content signal as analog voltage or current to the input module of the PLC controller for analog-to-digital conversion.

[0053] The pressure sensor 2954 is installed in the monitoring component 295 inside the flow velocity monitoring device 29. It is used to sense the dynamic pressure generated by the coal flow impacting the arc-shaped guide plate 293, thereby indirectly reflecting the flow velocity and flow rate of coal slurry on the conveyor belt 28. The output signal of this pressure sensor can be amplified and conditioned before being connected to the PLC controller to participate in the logic calculation for the risk assessment of the collapse chamber. The displacement sensor 68 is installed on the piston rod of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62. It is used to measure the opening stroke of the anti-collapse gate 634 in real time to achieve closed-loop precise adjustment. Two position sensors 69 are arranged sequentially along the working stroke direction of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62. They are used to confirm the status signals of the gate being fully open and fully closed, respectively, to prevent malfunctions.

[0054] The first hydraulic cylinder 52, the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62, and the second hydraulic cylinder 734 are the drive actuators for the front gate device 5, the anti-collapse gate device 6, and the side gate device 7, respectively. Their opening and closing actions are controlled by the PLC controller through the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the oil circuit of the hydraulic system. The PLC comprehensively judges the current operating status based on the data received from various sensors. When it is determined that there is no risk of collapse, it issues a command to extend the first hydraulic cylinder 52 to open the front gate 54. At the same time, the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 opens the anti-collapse gate 634 to the set opening degree, and the second hydraulic cylinder 734 remains in the contracted state to close the side gate 736. When a collapse warning occurs, the PLC controls the first hydraulic cylinder 52 to retract and close the front gate 54, the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 to reduce the opening degree to restrict the coal flow, and the second hydraulic cylinder 734 extends to open the side gate 736 to guide the coal slurry mixture to be discharged from the side. When a high risk is confirmed, the PLC immediately controls the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 to quickly close the anti-collapse gate 634 to cut off the coal source and prevent an accident from occurring.

[0055] Example 9 Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a multi-gate coal feeding method for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chambers, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Collect the coal flow moisture content information from all moisture detectors and the pressure value from pressure sensor 2954; Step 2: Determine the risk of coal bunker collapse based on whether the moisture content exceeds the moisture content threshold and whether the pressure value exceeds the pressure value threshold; The moisture content threshold is set at 8%–12% based on historical coal quality data from the mining area, with an optional 10% threshold. An early warning is triggered when any moisture meter measures a moisture content ≥ this threshold. The pressure threshold is determined based on the average dynamic pressure ± standard deviation under normal coal feeding conditions, typically set at 1.3–1.5 times the rated pressure. Risk levels are categorized as follows: if both moisture content and pressure are < the threshold, there is no risk of coal collapse; if moisture content is ≥ the threshold but pressure is < the threshold, it indicates a possible accumulation of high-moisture coal, triggering a collapse warning; if moisture content is < the threshold but pressure is ≥ the threshold, it reflects a sudden surge in flow rate, triggering a collapse warning; if both exceed the threshold simultaneously, there is a risk of coal collapse. This composite criterion avoids misjudgment based on a single parameter and improves the reliability of the early warning.

[0056] Step 3: Control the PLC controller accordingly: when there is no risk of collapse, motor 22 starts, front gate 54 opens, side gate 736 closes, and anti-collapse gate 634 opens for normal coal feeding. After confirming there is no risk of collapse, the PLC controller sends a start command to motor 22. The motor drives the drive roller 24 to rotate via a sprocket mechanism, which in turn drives the conveyor belt 28 to run smoothly, achieving continuous coal feeding. Simultaneously, the first hydraulic cylinder 52 extends, pulling the hinge lug 53 to open the front gate 54 around the rotating shaft 55 to its maximum opening, ensuring unobstructed flow in the main channel. The second hydraulic cylinder 734 retracts, pulling the side gate 736 into the slide groove of the fourth connecting frame 733 to close it. The large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 adjusts its stroke according to production needs, pushing the gate 634 along the slide rail 635 to the 50%–100% opening range. The displacement sensor 68 provides real-time position feedback signals to achieve closed-loop precise control. At this time, the coal flow sequentially enters the conveying system through the coal bunker outlet 8, the anti-collapse gate device 6, the transition bunker body 4, and the front gate device 5.

[0057] During normal coal feeding, the opening of the anti-collapse gate 634 can be dynamically adjusted according to the downstream load to achieve quantitative feeding; the motor speed can also be adjusted by the frequency converter to match different production capacity requirements.

[0058] Step 4: When there is a collapse warning, motor 22 stops, front gate 54 closes, anti-collapse gate 634 is partially closed, and side gate 736 is opened to discharge coal slurry water; When the system detects a collapse warning, the PLC immediately cuts off the power to motor 22, stopping its output. Driven rollers 24 and auxiliary rollers 27 briefly pause due to inertia before coming to a complete stop, interrupting the main conveying process. Simultaneously, the first hydraulic cylinder 52 is instructed to retract in the reverse direction, pushing the front gate 54 to close rapidly, blocking the coal flow from continuing forward. The large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 retracts, reducing the opening of the anti-collapse gate 634 to 30%–50% of its original opening, limiting the downstream coal flow speed. At the same time, the second hydraulic cylinder 734 extends, pushing the side gate 736 to slide horizontally along the chute within the fourth connecting frame 733, opening the lateral discharge channel. The high-moisture coal slurry mixture accumulated in the transition bin 4 flows into the second chute 74 under gravity through the side coal outlet 43, the first chute 71, and the side gate assembly 73, ultimately being transported to a dewatering vibrating screen or other solid-liquid separation equipment for processing.

[0059] Step 5: When there is a risk of a margin call, the margin call prevention gate 634 is closed.

[0060] Once a high-risk collapse condition is determined, i.e., both moisture content and pressure exceed limits, the PLC controller prioritizes the highest level of safety response: immediately instructs the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 to retract at full speed, driving the connecting piece 64 to pull the gate 634 along the slide rail 635 to a fully closed position, physically isolating the passage between the coal bunker outlet 8 and the transition chamber 4, completely cutting off the coal supply. At this time, even if the front or side gates have not yet fully activated, the upstream coal flow has been stopped, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of explosive coal discharge. After the position sensor 69 detects the gate's position signal, it feeds back to the PLC to confirm the closure is complete and can trigger an audible and visual alarm to prompt manual intervention for inspection.

[0061] Example 10 Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides: During information collection, the fourth moisture detector 81 monitors the moisture content of the coal flow falling from the coal outlet 8 of the coal bunker, while the first to third moisture detectors monitor the moisture content of the coal flow at different heights in the transition chamber 4. The pressure value of the pressure sensor 2954 is generated by the impact of the coal flow on the arc-shaped guide plate 293. The arc-shaped guide plate 293 rotates around the movable shaft 294, which drives the pressure rod 2952 to compress the spring 2953 against the pressure sensor 2954. The information collection frequency is 10-50Hz. A breach warning is triggered when any of the fourth moisture detectors 81 detects a moisture content exceeding 12% for 3 consecutive seconds, or when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 2954 of the flow rate monitoring device 29, after being converted to flow rate, exceeds 2.5 m / s for 3 consecutive seconds. An emergency protection signal is triggered when the average moisture content of the first and second moisture detectors within the transition chamber 4 exceeds 15% for 2 consecutive seconds, and the flow rate reported by the pressure sensor 2954 exceeds 3.0 m / s for 2 consecutive seconds.

[0062] When there is no risk of silo collapse, motor 22 drives drive roller 24 to rotate through sprocket mechanism, and the conveyor belt 28 and auxiliary roller 27 operate smoothly in conjunction; first hydraulic cylinder 52 extends and retracts to pull front gate 54 to rotate around rotating shaft 55 to open; large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 drives anti-silo collapse gate 634 to slide along slide rail 635 to 50%-100% opening degree, and displacement sensor 68 provides feedback signal to achieve precise control of opening degree; When there is a risk of collapse, the motor 22 stops outputting power, and the conveyor belt 28 stops rotating synchronously with the drive roller 24; the first hydraulic cylinder 52 extends and retracts in the opposite direction to push the front gate 54 to close; the anti-collapse gate 634 is driven by the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 62 to close to the original opening degree of 30%-50%; the second hydraulic cylinder 734 pulls the side gate 736 to open along the slide of the fourth connecting frame 733, and the coal slurry water is transported to the dewatering point through the first chute 71 and the second chute 74.

Claims

1. A multi gate coal feeder device for adaptive regulation of anti-bunker collapse, characterized in that, The system includes a base frame (1), a coal feeding device (2) connected to the top of the base frame (1), a transition bin (4) provided on the top of the coal feeding device (2), the transition bin (4) being connected to the base frame (1) via a support frame (3), a front gate device (5) connected to the coal outlet direction of the transition bin (4), an anti-collapse bin gate device (6) connected to the coal inlet direction of the transition bin (4), a side gate device (7) connected to the side wall of the transition bin (4) away from the anti-collapse bin gate device (6), a coal bunker outlet (8) fixedly connected to the top of the anti-collapse bin gate device (6), and four fourth moisture detectors (81) arrayed on the bottom outer side wall of the coal bunker outlet (8).

2. The multi gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-avalanche according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal feeding device (2) includes a motor support (21), a roller support (23), and auxiliary roller supports (26). The motor support (21), roller support (23), and several auxiliary roller supports (26) are all bolted to the base frame (1). A motor (22) is bolted to the upper end of the motor support (21). The output end of the motor (22) is connected to a drive roller (24) via a sprocket mechanism. The drive roller (24) is rotatably mounted on the roller support (23) via bearings. It also includes a reversing roller (25), the driving roller (24) and the reversing roller (25) are synchronously connected through a conveyor belt (28), and the top of several auxiliary roller supports (26) are equipped with auxiliary rollers (27) that rotate coaxially with bearings. The output end of the conveyor belt (28) is equipped with a flow rate monitoring device (29) on the base frame (1). The flow rate monitoring device (29) includes a support plate (291), which is fixedly connected to the base frame (1) at the position corresponding to the output end of the conveyor belt (28). A pair of rotating ears (292) are fixedly connected to the support plate (291), and a movable shaft (294) is coaxially rotatably connected to the two rotating ears (292). An arc-shaped guide plate (293) is fixedly connected to the movable shaft (294), and several monitoring components (295) are provided between the arc-shaped guide plate (293) and the support plate (291). A conveyor belt cleaning brush (296) is detachably connected to the support plate (291) near the conveyor belt (28). The monitoring component (295) includes a sleeve (2951) fixed to a support plate (291). The sleeve (2951) is a cylindrical structure with one open end. A pressure rod (2952) that can slide axially is coaxially disposed inside the sleeve (2951). One end of the pressure rod (2952) near the arc-shaped guide plate (293) extends out of the opening of the sleeve (2951), and the extended end of the pressure rod (2952) is connected to the arc-shaped guide plate (293). The other end of the pressure rod (2952) is located inside the sleeve (2951). The pressure rod (2952) is equipped with a pressure sensor (2954) at one end inside the sleeve (2951). The pressure sensor (2954) has its pressure-bearing surface facing the inside of the sleeve (2951) and abutting against the pressure rod (2952). A spring (2953) is fitted on the pressure rod (2952). One end of the spring (2953) abuts against the shoulder of the pressure rod (2952), and the other end abuts against the annular limiting step on the inner wall of the sleeve (2951).

3. The multi gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-avalanche according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transition silo (4) has a coal inlet (41), a front coal outlet (42) and a side coal outlet (43). The top of the transition silo (4) near the front coal outlet (42) is connected to an internal partition (44). The side wall of the transition silo (4) is provided with a first moisture detector (45), a second moisture detector (46) and a third moisture detector (47).

4. The multi gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-avalanche according to claim 3, characterized in that, The front gate device (5) includes two symmetrically installed first cylinder bases (51). The two first cylinder bases (51) are respectively symmetrically welded to the two side walls of the transition chamber (4). The two first cylinder bases (51) are respectively hinged to first cylinders (52). The output end of the first cylinders (52) is hinged to a hinge ear (53). The two hinge ears (53) are symmetrically fixed to the front gate (54). The front gate (54) is coaxially rotatably connected to a fixed seat (56) through a rotating shaft (55). The two fixed seats (56) are symmetrically fixed to the transition chamber (4).

5. The multi gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-avalanche according to claim 4, characterized in that, The anti-collapse gate device (6) includes a base frame (61), the top of which is fixedly connected to the coal outlet (8) of the coal bunker, and the base frame (61) is bolted to the transition bunker body (4). A slide rail (635) is provided inside the base frame (61) near the coal inlet (41) of the bunker body. A gate assembly (63) is provided inside the slide rail (635). Large-diameter hydraulic cylinders (62) are symmetrically connected to the outer walls of the gate assembly (63) on both sides by hydraulic cylinder support seats. The output end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder (62) is connected to the gate assembly (63) by a connector (64). Next, a displacement sensor (68) is provided at the output end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder (62), and two position sensors (69) are sequentially provided at the output end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder (62) along the working process direction to monitor the gate assembly (63) when it is fully open and fully closed. Multiple towing wheels (65) are connected to the two side frames of the base frame (61) away from the coal inlet (41) of the silo. A pressure wheel mounting seat (66) is fixedly connected to the inner side frame of the top of the base frame (61) away from the coal inlet (41) of the silo. Multiple pressure wheels (67) are rotatably connected to the bottom of the pressure wheel mounting seat (66).

6. The multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The gate assembly (63) includes a first connecting frame (631) and a second connecting frame (632). The first connecting frame (631) is fixedly connected to the base frame (61). A serrated plate (633) is welded to one side of the first connecting frame (631). A gate (634) is correspondingly provided on the serrated plate (633). The gate (634) has several filter holes and is slidably connected to the slide rail (635). 4) The end away from the sawtooth plate (633) is fixedly connected to the connector (64). The second connecting frame (632) is fixedly connected to the end of the base frame (61) away from the coal inlet (41) of the silo, and is arranged opposite to the first connecting frame (631) along the extension direction of the slide rail (635). The second connecting frame (632) has a sliding channel adapted to the gate (634) inside. The gate (634) is embedded in the channel and slides horizontally inside the second connecting frame (632).

7. The multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The side gate device (7) includes a first chute (71) and a second chute (74). The first chute (71) is connected to the transition bin (4) and corresponds to the coal outlet (43) on the side of the bin. The other end of the first chute (71) is connected to the side gate assembly (73). A support frame (72) is fixed to the bottom outer wall of the first chute (71). The side gate assembly (73) is fixed to the side wall away from the first chute (71) with the second chute (74). The side gate assembly (73) includes a gate frame (731) and a side gate (736). The gate frame (731) is sequentially fixed with a third connecting frame (732) and a fourth connecting frame (733) in the horizontal direction. At one end of the gate frame (731) near the inner wall of the first chute (71), two rows of upper and lower support wheels (737) are linearly arranged and rotatably connected along the sliding direction of the side gate (736). The upper and lower rows of support wheels (737) are in rolling contact with the surface of the side gate (736). The third connecting frame (732) is connected to the second oil cylinder (734). The bottom of the second oil cylinder (734) is fixedly connected to the wall through the second oil cylinder base (735), and the output end of the second oil cylinder (734) is fixedly connected to the side gate (736). The fourth connecting frame (733) has a horizontal sliding groove inside that is adapted to the side gate (736).

8. The multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chamber according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a PLC controller, which is connected to the first moisture detector (45), the second moisture detector (46), the third moisture detector (47), the fourth moisture detector (81), the pressure sensor (2954), the displacement sensor (68), the position sensor (69), the first oil cylinder (52), the large-diameter oil cylinder (62), and the second oil cylinder (734).

9. A multi-gate coal feeding method for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse bins, using the multi-gate coal feeder device for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse bins as described in claim 8, the specific steps are as follows: collecting coal flow moisture content information from a moisture detector and pressure value from a pressure sensor (2954); determining the risk of coal bin collapse based on whether the moisture content exceeds the moisture content threshold and whether the pressure value exceeds the pressure value threshold; The PLC controller controls the following: when there is no risk of collapse, the motor (22) starts, the front gate (54) opens, the side gate (736) closes, and the anti-collapse gate (634) opens to feed coal normally; when there is a collapse warning, the motor (22) stops, the front gate (54) closes, the anti-collapse gate (634) closes slightly, and the side gate (736) opens to discharge coal slurry; when there is a risk of collapse, the anti-collapse gate (634) closes.

10. The multi-gate coal feeding method for adaptive adjustment of anti-collapse chambers according to claim 9, characterized in that, When collecting information, the fourth moisture detector (81) monitors the moisture content of the falling coal flow at the coal outlet (8) of the coal bunker, and the first to third moisture detectors monitor the moisture content of the coal flow at different heights in the transition chamber (4); the pressure value of the pressure sensor (2954) is generated by the impact of the coal flow on the arc-shaped guide plate (293), the arc-shaped guide plate (293) rotates around the movable shaft (294), driving the pressure rod (2952) to compress the spring (2953) to press against the pressure sensor (2954) to obtain the information, and the information collection frequency is 10-50Hz; When there is no risk of silo collapse, the motor (22) drives the drive roller (24) to rotate through the sprocket mechanism, and the conveyor belt (28) and auxiliary roller (27) operate smoothly; the first oil cylinder (52) extends and retracts to pull the front gate (54) to rotate around the rotating shaft (55) and open; the large-diameter oil cylinder (62) drives the anti-silo collapse gate (634) to slide along the slide rail (635) to 50%-100% opening, and the displacement sensor (68) feeds back the signal to achieve precise control of the opening; When there is a risk of collapse, the motor (22) stops outputting power, and the conveyor belt (28) stops rotating synchronously with the drive roller (24); the first oil cylinder (52) extends and retracts in the opposite direction to push the front gate (54) to close; the anti-collapse gate (634) is driven by the large-diameter oil cylinder (62) to close to the original opening of 30%-50%; the second oil cylinder (734) pulls the side gate (736) to open along the chute of the fourth connecting frame (733), and the coal slurry water is transported to the dewatering point through the first chute (71) and the second chute (74).

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