Modularized artificial wetland water quality stabilizing system based on biomass charcoal material

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass charcoal material-based modular artificial wetland water quality stabilizing system, which comprises a plurality of independent wetland modules, the independent wetland modules are transversely or longitudinally connected with one another through quick connectors, and each independent wetland module comprises a vertical layered water quality purification system, a self-adaptive hydraulic regulation and control system and an energy self-supply system; the vertical layered water quality purification system comprises a water supply layer, a matrix layer and a plant-microorganism layer, the matrix layer comprises a magnetic biochar layer, a middle slow-release microorganism carrier layer and a bottom permeable conductive concrete layer, and all the layers are integrated with optical fiber sensors and are connected to a central control system; the plurality of bionic hydraulic structures are arranged in the independent wetland modules to form a spirally rising water flow path; through the cooperation of the vertical layered water quality purification system, the self-adaptive hydraulic regulation and control system and the energy self-supply system, the functions of water quality purification and energy utilization are realized, so that the stability of the water quality of the wetland is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of constructed wetland technology, and particularly relates to a modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials. Background Technology

[0002] Artificial wetlands are artificial ecosystems that simulate the structure and function of natural wetlands, used for wastewater treatment, water quality improvement, and ecological environment regulation.

[0003] However, traditional constructed wetlands have low pollutant removal rates, making it difficult to meet increasingly stringent water quality standards, especially in terms of treating recalcitrant organic matter and resisting shock loads. Furthermore, traditional wetlands are usually fixed structures, making it difficult to flexibly adjust and expand according to actual site conditions and treatment needs. They also have poor adaptability to different water quality and hydrological conditions. In addition, existing constructed wetlands lack management, cannot be monitored in real time or receive intelligent feedback, and cannot adjust operating parameters in a timely manner according to changes in water quality, resulting in unstable treatment efficiency, low energy efficiency, and reliance on external power sources, which increases operating costs. Moreover, their application is limited in remote areas or locations without a stable power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a modular artificial wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials, in order to address the limitations of traditional constructed wetlands in terms of water purification effect, poor system flexibility and adaptability, lack of intelligent operation and management, and reliance on external energy supply.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials, comprising...

[0006] Several independent wetland modules are connected horizontally or vertically to each other via quick-connect interfaces. Each independent wetland module includes a vertically stratified water purification system, an adaptive hydraulic control system, and an energy self-supply system. The vertically stratified water purification system includes a water supply layer, a substrate layer, and a plant-microorganism layer. The substrate layer includes a magnetic biochar layer, a middle slow-release microbial carrier layer, and a bottom permeable and conductive concrete layer. Each layer integrates fiber optic sensors and is connected to a central control system.

[0007] Several biomimetic hydraulic structures are set within the independent wetland module to form a spiral upward water flow path;

[0008] The energy system includes microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and solar panels for driving aeration equipment and transmitting data.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] The plant-microbe layer is set on the substrate layer and is located on top of the independent wetland module. Graphite felt electrodes are embedded in the substrate layer. Electrogenic bacteria degrade organic matter and generate electricity, which is used by the system itself or stored.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] The adaptive hydraulic control system is equipped with an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a peristaltic pump. The peristaltic pump is connected to the inlet pipe. Both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are equipped with aeration devices, and the outlet pipe is equipped with a pneumatic valve.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The magnetic biochar layer is loaded with nano-iron oxides, which adsorb heavy metals and catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants; the middle slow-release microbial carrier layer has a polylactic acid skeleton that encapsulates denitrification and phosphorus removal functional bacteria, which achieve continuous release of bacteria through controlled degradation; the bottom permeable conductive concrete layer integrates conductive fibers, which promote phosphate precipitation and transmit electrical energy generated by MFC through electrochemical action.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The inlet end of the water inlet pipe is equipped with an emergency buffer chamber containing magnetic flocculant to quickly remove suspended solids.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] The biomimetic hydraulic structure is a spiral guide plate.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The independent wetland module is equipped with several stepped baffles to adjust the direction of water flow.

[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0022] A nanobubble generator is arranged at the bottom of the microbial sensing layer.

[0023] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0024] The independent wetland module is hexagonal.

[0025] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. In this invention, the independent wetland module includes a vertically layered water purification system, an adaptive hydraulic control system, and an energy self-sufficiency system. The matrix layer comprises a magnetic biochar layer, a middle slow-release microbial carrier layer, and a bottom permeable conductive concrete layer. The magnetic biochar layer, loaded with nano-iron oxides, adsorbs heavy metals and catalytically degrades organic pollutants. The middle slow-release microbial carrier layer, with a polylactic acid framework encapsulating denitrifying and phosphorus-removing bacteria, specifically removes nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients from the water, effectively preventing eutrophication. The bottom permeable conductive concrete layer integrates conductive fibers, promoting phosphate precipitation through electrochemical action, further enhancing phosphorus removal, and simultaneously transmitting electricity generated by the microbial fuel cell (MFC), achieving a dual function of purification and energy utilization. A plant-microbe layer is positioned on top of the matrix layer, at the top of the independent wetland module. Plant roots provide a habitat and reproduction site for microorganisms. Microorganisms decompose organic matter to provide nutrients for plants, while plants remove pollutants from the water through absorption, adsorption, and enrichment. This synergistic effect significantly improves the efficiency and quality of water purification, thereby ensuring the stability of the wetland water quality.

[0027] 2. In this invention, a biomimetic hydraulic structure and stepped baffles are incorporated, wherein the biomimetic hydraulic structure employs a spiral guide plate to form a spiral upward water flow path within the independent wetland module. This water flow pattern increases the contact time and contact area between wastewater and the substrate, plants, and microorganisms, enabling pollutants to be more fully adsorbed, degraded, and transformed, thereby improving the water purification effect.

[0028] 3. In this invention, by setting up several independent hexagonal wetland modules, multiple independent wetland modules can be spliced ​​together through quick-connect interfaces, which facilitates flexible assembly and expansion according to actual site and treatment needs. The hexagonal shape has good stability and space utilization. Multiple hexagonal modules can be tightly connected through quick-connect interfaces to form a compact wetland system, reducing the land area occupied. At the same time, the hexagonal structure is conducive to the uniform distribution and circulation of water flow, improving the water purification effect.

[0029] 4. In this invention, an emergency buffer chamber containing magnetic flocculant is installed at the inlet end of the inlet pipe. When the concentration of suspended solids in the inlet water is high, the magnetic flocculant can quickly combine with the suspended solids to form larger flocs and settle, thereby quickly removing suspended solids from the water, reducing the burden on the subsequent purification system, and ensuring the stability and effectiveness of water purification. A nanobubble generator is arranged at the bottom of the microbial sensing layer. The generated nanobubbles have a huge specific surface area and high mass transfer efficiency, which can increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water, provide a good living environment for microorganisms, and promote the growth and metabolic activities of microorganisms. At the same time, the local high temperature and pressure and free radicals generated by the rupture of nanobubbles have strong oxidizing properties, which can further degrade organic pollutants in the water and improve the water purification effect.

[0030] 5. In this invention, each layer integrates fiber optic sensors connected to the central control system, enabling real-time monitoring of water quality parameters (such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations), water level, and water flow velocity within the wetland module. The central control system analyzes and judges the monitoring data, automatically adjusting the operating parameters of the adaptive hydraulic control system, such as the flow rate of the peristaltic pump, the aeration volume of the aeration device, and the opening degree of the pneumatic valve, to achieve precise control of the water purification process and ensure the system is always in optimal operating condition.

[0031] 6. In this invention, graphite felt electrodes are embedded within the matrix layer, utilizing electrogenic bacteria to degrade organic matter and generate electricity. During metabolism, these bacteria convert the chemical energy in organic matter into electrical energy, which is then transmitted through the electrodes to an external circuit. This provides partial energy for the aeration equipment and data transmission within the system, achieving energy recovery and utilization, reducing system operating costs. Furthermore, the generated electricity can be stored for future use, in addition to supplying the system itself. This self-sufficient energy model enhances the system's independence and sustainability, reducing dependence on external energy sources. In addition, the energy system includes solar panels that convert solar energy into electrical energy, providing additional energy support. Under sufficient sunlight, the solar panels can power the aeration equipment, data transmission equipment, and central control system, further ensuring the system's normal operation while reducing the use of traditional energy sources and lowering carbon emissions. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an independent wetland module in a modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials.

[0035] Legend:

[0036] 1-Independent wetland module; 2-Vertical stratified water purification system; 21-Water supply layer; 22-Matrix layer; 23-Plant-microorganism layer; 3-Bionic hydraulic structure; 4-Inlet pipe; 5-Peristaltic pump; 6-Outlet pipe; 7-Step baffle; 8-Aeration device; 9-Pneumatic valve. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0039] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0040] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] Please see Figure 1-2 This invention provides a technical solution: a modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials, comprising...

[0044] Several independent wetland modules 1 are connected to each other horizontally or vertically via quick-connect interfaces. Each independent wetland module 1 includes a vertically stratified water purification system 2, an adaptive hydraulic control system, and an energy self-supply system. The vertically stratified water purification system 2 includes a water supply layer 21, a substrate layer 22, and a plant-microbe layer 23. The substrate layer 22 consists of a magnetic biochar layer, a middle slow-release microbial carrier layer, and a bottom permeable and conductive concrete layer. Each layer integrates fiber optic sensors and is connected to the central control system.

[0045] Several biomimetic hydraulic structures 3 are set inside the independent wetland module 1 to form a spiral upward water flow path;

[0046] The energy system includes microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and solar panels for driving aeration equipment and transmitting data.

[0047] The plant-microbe layer 23 is disposed on the substrate layer 22 and is located on top of the independent wetland module 1. Graphite felt electrodes are embedded in the substrate layer 22. Electrogenic bacteria degrade organic matter and generate electricity, which is used by the system itself or stored.

[0048] The adaptive hydraulic control system is equipped with an inlet pipe 4, an outlet pipe 6, and a peristaltic pump 5. The peristaltic pump 5 is connected to the inlet pipe 4. Both the inlet pipe 4 and the outlet pipe 6 are equipped with aeration devices 8, and the outlet pipe 6 is equipped with a pneumatic valve 9.

[0049] The magnetic biochar layer is loaded with nano-iron oxides, which adsorb heavy metals and catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants; the middle slow-release microbial carrier layer has a polylactic acid skeleton that encapsulates denitrification and phosphorus removal functional bacteria, which achieve continuous release of bacteria through controlled degradation; the bottom permeable conductive concrete layer integrates conductive fibers, which promote phosphate precipitation and transmit electrical energy generated by MFC through electrochemical action.

[0050] The inlet end of the water inlet pipe 4 is equipped with an emergency buffer chamber containing magnetic flocculant to quickly remove suspended solids.

[0051] The biomimetic hydraulic structure 3 is a spiral guide plate.

[0052] The independent wetland module 1 is equipped with several stepped baffles 7 to adjust the direction of water flow.

[0053] A nanobubble generator is arranged at the bottom of the microbial sensing layer.

[0054] The independent wetland module 1 is hexagonal.

[0055] Working Principle: The independent wetland module comprises a vertically stratified water purification system, an adaptive hydraulic control system, and a self-sufficient energy system. The matrix layer includes a magnetic biochar layer, a middle layer of slow-release microbial carriers, and a bottom layer of permeable conductive concrete. The magnetic biochar layer, loaded with nano-iron oxides, adsorbs heavy metals and catalytically degrades organic pollutants. The middle layer of slow-release microbial carriers, with a polylactic acid framework encapsulating denitrifying and phosphorus-removing bacteria, specifically removes nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients from the water, effectively preventing eutrophication. The bottom layer of permeable conductive concrete integrates conductive fibers, promoting phosphate precipitation through electrochemical action, further enhancing phosphorus removal, and simultaneously transmitting electricity generated by the microbial fuel cell (MFC), achieving a dual function of purification and energy utilization. A plant-microbe layer is positioned on top of the independent wetland module, above the matrix layer. Plant roots provide a habitat and reproduction site for microorganisms. Microorganisms decompose organic matter to provide nutrients for the plants, while the plants remove pollutants from the water through absorption, adsorption, and enrichment. This synergistic effect significantly improves the efficiency and quality of water purification, thereby ensuring the stability of the wetland water quality.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials, characterized in that, include Several independent wetland modules are connected horizontally or vertically to each other via quick-connect interfaces. Each independent wetland module includes a vertically stratified water purification system, an adaptive hydraulic control system, and an energy self-supply system. The vertically stratified water purification system includes a water supply layer, a substrate layer, and a plant-microorganism layer. The substrate layer includes a magnetic biochar layer, a middle slow-release microbial carrier layer, and a bottom permeable and conductive concrete layer. Each layer integrates fiber optic sensors and is connected to a central control system. And several biomimetic hydraulic structures, which are set within the independent wetland module, form a spiral upward water flow path.

2. The modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar material according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes energy systems, including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and solar panels, for driving aeration equipment and data transmission.

3. The modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant-microbe layer is set on the substrate layer and is located on top of the independent wetland module. Graphite felt electrodes are embedded in the substrate layer. Electrogenic bacteria degrade organic matter and generate electricity, which is used by the system itself or stored.

4. The modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adaptive hydraulic control system is equipped with an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a peristaltic pump. The peristaltic pump is connected to the inlet pipe. Both the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are equipped with aeration devices, and the outlet pipe is equipped with a pneumatic valve.

5. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The magnetic biochar layer is loaded with nano-iron oxides, which adsorb heavy metals and catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants; the middle slow-release microbial carrier layer has a polylactic acid skeleton that encapsulates denitrification and phosphorus removal functional bacteria, which achieve continuous release of bacteria through controlled degradation; the bottom permeable conductive concrete layer integrates conductive fibers, which promote phosphate precipitation and transmit electrical energy generated by MFC through electrochemical action.

6. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inlet end of the water inlet pipe is equipped with an emergency buffer chamber containing magnetic flocculant to quickly remove suspended solids.

7. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials according to claim 1, characterized in that... The biomimetic hydraulic structure is a spiral guide plate.

8. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The independent wetland module is equipped with several stepped baffles to adjust the direction of water flow.

9. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar material according to claim 8, characterized in that, A nanobubble generator is arranged at the bottom of the microbial sensing layer.

10. A modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system based on biochar material according to claim 8, characterized in that, The independent wetland module is hexagonal.

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