System and method for controlling biochar system in power plant

Abstract

A system includes a controller having a processor, a memory, and instructions stored on the memory and executable by the processor to control a biochar pyrolysis reactor to heat a biomass feedstock to cause a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock using heat from a power plant to generate biochar and syngas, and controlling the biochar adsorbent system to adsorb undesired gases from the exhaust gas of the power plant into the biochar to produce enriched biochar and treated gases.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] This application relates in general to systems and methods for thermal integration with biochar systems in power plants.

[0002] Industrial plants (such as combustion-driven power plants) may produce a variety of gases, including exhaust gases from combustion systems. Combustion systems may include gas turbine engines, reciprocating piston-cylinder engines, furnaces, boilers, or other industrial equipment. These exhaust gases may include one or more undesirable gases, such as acid gases and / or greenhouse gases. For example, undesirable gases may include carbon oxides (CO). X Such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO) X Such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and / or sulfur oxides (SO4) X Such as sulfur dioxide (SO2). Specifically, NO X These gases are considered acidic gases, and they can react with water in the atmosphere to form acids such as nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous acid (HNO2). These acids can contribute to acid rain, which can have adverse effects on ecosystems, causing NO to rise. X This has become a major environmental problem. Although NO X They are not typically classified as greenhouse gases under consideration, but they can indirectly contribute to the greenhouse effect. For example, through various atmospheric reactions, NO... X This could lead to the formation of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas with a far greater global warming potential than CO₂ over the next 100 years. As a further example, NO₂... X This could lead to the formation of ground-level ozone, a harmful air pollutant and a key component of smog. With the emergence of various regulations and environmental issues concerning public well-being and global warming, the expectation is to reduce the production of gases that are not desirable (e.g., NO). X This is emitted into the atmosphere, especially for equipment that consumes hydrocarbon fuels (such as combustion systems). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The following outlines some embodiments that are comparable to the scope of the originally claimed subject matter. These embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed embodiments, but rather are intended only to provide a brief overview of the possible forms of the subject matter. In practice, the currently claimed embodiments may include a variety of forms that may be similar to or different from those set forth below.

[0004] In some embodiments, a system includes a controller having a processor, a memory, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to: control a biochar pyrolysis reactor to heat the biomass feedstock, thereby using heat from a power plant to induce a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock to produce biochar and syngas; and control a biochar adsorbent system to adsorb unwanted gases from the power plant's exhaust gas into the biochar, thereby producing enriched biochar and treated gas.

[0005] In some embodiments, one method includes controlling a biochar pyrolysis reactor to heat a biomass feedstock, thereby using heat from a power plant to initiate a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock to produce biochar and syngas.

[0006] In some embodiments, one method includes controlling a biochar adsorbent system to adsorb unwanted gases from exhaust gases from a power plant into the biochar, thereby generating enriched biochar and treated gases. Attached Figure Description

[0007] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the currently disclosed technology will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same characters denote the same parts, wherein:

[0008] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant in a combined cycle configuration, which includes a gas turbine system, a steam generator, a steam turbine system, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, and a biochar system, which includes a biochar pyrolysis reactor and a biochar adsorbent system.

[0009] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant, illustrating a simple circulating configuration with a biochar system, wherein both exhaust gas and steam serve as heat sources for the biochar pyrolysis reactor.

[0010] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant, illustrating a simple circulating configuration with a biochar system, wherein exhaust gas serves as a heat source for the biochar pyrolysis reactor.

[0011] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant, illustrating a simple circulating configuration with a biochar system, wherein steam serves as the heat source for the biochar pyrolysis reactor.

[0012] Figure 5 yes Figure 1A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant, illustrating a chemimetered waste gas recirculation (SEGR) configuration with a biochar system, wherein the waste gas is a heat source for the biochar pyrolysis reactor and a pipe burner is located downstream of the biochar pyrolysis reactor.

[0013] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant, illustrating a chemimetric waste gas recirculation (SEGR) configuration with a biochar system, wherein the waste gas is a heat source for the biochar pyrolysis reactor and a nitrogen-selective membrane is located downstream of the biochar pyrolysis reactor.

[0014] Figure 7 yes Figures 1 to 6 A diagram illustrating an implementation scheme of a biochar pyrolysis reactor for a biochar system, further illustrating an indirect heat transfer configuration;

[0015] Figure 8 yes Figures 1 to 6 A diagram illustrating an implementation scheme of a biochar pyrolysis reactor for a biochar system, further illustrating a direct heat transfer configuration;

[0016] Figure 9 It is used for operation Figures 1 to 6 A flowchart illustrating the implementation scheme of a biochar system in a power plant; and

[0017] Figure 10 It is used for control Figures 1 to 6 A flowchart illustrating the implementation plan for the operation of power plants and biochar systems. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following describes one or more specific embodiments of the systems and methods disclosed herein. To provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features of the actual implementation may be described in the specification. It should be understood that, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in the development of any such implementation to achieve the developer's specific objectives, such as complying with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from implementation to implementation. Furthermore, it should be understood that such development work may be complex and time-consuming, but remains a routine task of design, fabrication, and manufacturing for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure.

[0019] When describing elements of various embodiments of the currently disclosed implementations, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” are intended to mean that one or more of the elements are present. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that additional elements may be present in addition to those listed.

[0020] The disclosed embodiments include systems and methods for thermal integration with industrial plants, such as combustion-driven power plants, which utilize available heat for biochar production and use biochar for waste gas treatment. In some embodiments, the disclosed embodiments provide a biochar system having a biochar pyrolysis reactor and / or a biochar adsorbent system. The biochar pyrolysis reactor is configured to receive biomass feedstock and use one or more available heat sources (e.g., waste gas and / or steam) from the power plant to drive the pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock, thereby generating syngas as a fuel source for the power plant and producing biochar for various on-site and / or off-site uses. For example, biochar can be used off-site for various soil applications and / or on-site as an adsorbent material in a biochar adsorbent system. In some embodiments, the biochar adsorbent system uses biochar (e.g., generated on-site or off-site by a biochar pyrolysis reactor and / or other biochar sources) as an adsorbent material to adsorb undesirable gases (e.g., NO) from waste gas. X This results in the production of a lean, undesirable gas in the treatment process (e.g., lean NO). X Exhaust gas) and nitrogen-enriched biochar for various soil applications. In some embodiments, the power plant may employ a biochar pyrolysis reactor only, a biochar adsorbent system only, or a combination thereof as the biochar system. Additionally, in some embodiments, the power plant may include a gas turbine system operating in simple circulation or in combined circulation with a steam generator and steam turbine system. Additionally, in some embodiments, the power plant may include or exclude exhaust gas recirculation. Finally, the power plant may be configured to benefit from NO X (For example, adsorbed into biochar) and helps reduce NO in exhaust gases. X Combined with biochar systems, it can operate in various lean, rich, or stoichiometric modes and with different NO... X Pattern (e.g., low NO) X , medium NO X or high NO X Therefore, the disclosed embodiments include various control schemes for controlling NO using a biochar system. X Reducing and enriching biochar production offers greater flexibility in power plant operation while benefiting the environment. The following discussion introduces various aspects of biochar systems in the context of a power plant; however, biochar systems are intended for use in any plant or application with available heat and exhaust / flue gas requiring treatment.

[0021] Figure 1This is a block diagram of an embodiment of a power plant 10 in a combined cycle configuration, comprising a gas turbine system 12, a steam generator 14 (e.g., a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)), a steam turbine system 16, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 18, a biochar system 20 having one or more biochar pyrolysis reactors 22 and one or more biochar adsorbent systems 24, and a controller 26 coupled to each of systems 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24. As discussed below, one or more biochar pyrolysis reactors 22 of the biochar system 20 are configured to generate biochar 28 by adding heat to the biomass feedstock 30 using one or more heat transfer fluids or heat sources 32 from the power plant 10 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36). Biomass feedstock 30 may include, for example, industrial waste and byproducts in various forms (e.g., pellets), food waste, agricultural residues (e.g., straw), plants (e.g., corn, switchgrass, miscanthus, and bamboo), energy crops, wood, wood residues, or any combination thereof. Additionally, as discussed below, the biochar adsorbent system 24 is configured to use biochar 28 as an adsorbent material to adsorb undesirable gases, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), from exhaust gas 34. X This reduces the emission of undesirable gases in exhaust gas 34, while enriching biochar 28 with nitrogen to produce nitrogen-rich biochar 38 for various soil applications 40 (e.g., agriculture, forestry, tillage, etc.). The various aspects of the biochar system 20 and the configuration of the power plant 10 are discussed in further detail below.

[0022] The gas turbine system 12 includes an inlet 50, a compressor 52 having one or more compressor stages, one or more combustors 54, a turbine 56 having one or more turbine stages, and a load 58 (e.g., a generator) driven by the turbine 56. In some embodiments, the gas turbine system 12 also includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system 18 configured to recirculate exhaust gas 34 back to the inlet 50. Recirculating exhaust gas 34 helps to lower the temperature and reduce certain emissions associated with combustion in the combustor 54 (e.g., nitrogen oxides (NOx)). XThe gas turbine system 12 forms the following structure: In operation, compressor 52 receives air from intake port 50 (and exhaust gas 34 if EGR system 18 is active), and compresses the air and / or exhaust gas 34 in one or more compressor stages (e.g., rotary compressor blade stages). In some embodiments (such as those with EGR system 18), gas turbine system 12 includes air compressor 60 configured to compress air 62 and supply compressed air 64 to combustor 54, which is separate from compressor 52. Air compressor 60 may be driven by the shaft of gas turbine system 12 or independently by another power source (such as an electric motor or combustion engine). Combustor 54 then combusts fuel from fuel supply system 66 with compressed air and / or exhaust gas, generating hot combustion gases. The hot combustion gases expand and drive one or more turbine stages (e.g., rotary turbine blade stages) in turbine 56, thereby driving the rotation of compressor 52 and load 58 via shaft. Turbine 56 then outputs the hot combustion gases as exhaust gas 34.

[0023] Steam generator 14 recovers heat from exhaust gas 34 to generate steam 68 for driving steam turbine system 16. Steam generator 14 may include one or more different steam pressure sections, such as one or more HP steam sections, IP steam sections, and LP steam sections configured to generate high-pressure (HP), medium-pressure (IP), and low-pressure (LP) steam. However, steam generator 14 is not limited to any particular number or configuration of different steam pressure sections. Similarly, steam turbine system 16 may include one or more different steam turbine sections, such as one or more HP steam turbines driven by HP steam, IP steam turbines driven by IP steam, and LP steam turbines driven by LP steam. However, steam turbine system 16 is not limited to any particular number or configuration of different steam turbine sections. In addition to the steam 68 provided by steam generator 14, steam turbine system 16 may also return any remaining steam / water as reflux 70 to steam generator 14. In operation, steam turbine system 16 drives load 72 (e.g., generator) via shaft. In some embodiments, the steam turbine system 16 and / or steam generator 14 may supply heated water and / or steam 36 (e.g., HP steam, IP steam and / or LP steam) to the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 of the biochar system 20 to support the pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock 30 to produce biochar 28.

[0024] Following the steam generator 14, exhaust gas 34 may flow to the EGR system 18 and / or exhaust gas chimney 74. In embodiments including the EGR system 18, at least a portion of the exhaust gas 34 may flow through a heat exchanger 76 (e.g., an EGR cooler) configured to cool the exhaust gas 34 before recirculating it through the gas turbine system 12 via inlet 50. For example, the heat exchanger 76 may indirectly transfer heat from the exhaust gas 34 to a hot fluid (e.g., water) circulating through the heat exchanger 76 from the fluid inlet 78 to the fluid outlet 80, wherein the hot fluid discharged from the fluid outlet 78 may be used for heating elsewhere in the power plant 10, for district heating applications, combined heat and power (CHP) applications, or any combination thereof. In embodiments with or without an EGR system 18, at least a portion or all of the exhaust gas 34 may flow along an exhaust gas flow path 82 having an exhaust gas chimney 74, wherein the biochar adsorbent system 24 is configured to treat the exhaust gas 34 along the exhaust gas flow path 82 (e.g., within the exhaust gas chimney 74) and then discharge the treated gas 84 into the atmosphere. As discussed in further detail below, the biochar adsorbent system 24 receives biochar 28 from the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 using a heat source 36 from the power plant 10, and then the biochar adsorbent system 24 uses the biochar 28 to remove undesirable gases (such as nitrogen oxides) from the exhaust gas 34. X The treated gas 84 and nitrogen-enriched biochar 38 are output from the exhaust chimney 74 for use in various soil applications 40. Following a discussion of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, the biochar adsorbent system 24 will be discussed in further detail below.

[0025] In an illustrated embodiment, the biochar system 20 includes one or more biochar pyrolysis reactors in a biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 to generate biochar 28 and syngas 86 using biomass feedstock 30 and one or more heat sources 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) supplied integrally during operation of the power plant 10. In some embodiments, the biochar system 20 may include a single biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 using only one or more heat sources in the heat sources 32 (such as exhaust gas only, steam only, or a combination of both exhaust gas 34 and steam 36). In some embodiments, the biochar system 20 may include multiple biochar pyrolysis reactors 22 operating in series, parallel, or combinations thereof, wherein each biochar pyrolysis reactor in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may operate with the same or different heat sources 32. In some embodiments, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may include a reactor vessel having a metal outer shell, an insulating liner (e.g., a ceramic liner), a feed inlet 88, an exhaust gas inlet 90, a steam inlet 92, an exhaust gas outlet 94, a steam outlet 96, a syngas outlet 98, a biochar outlet 100, and an internal flow path 102 along a conveyor 104 through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. Generally, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is configured to transfer heat (e.g., directly and / or indirectly) from a heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) from a heat source 32 to the biomass feedstock 30 to maintain sufficient residence time and temperature within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 to induce a pyrolysis reaction in the biomass feedstock 30, thereby generating biochar 28 and syngas 86. Various aspects of the biochar system 20 may be controlled by a controller 26 to control the pyrolysis reaction and the characteristics of the biochar 28 and syngas 86.

[0026] The biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is configured to receive biomass feedstock 30 from feedstock supply system 106 via feedstock inlet 88 and move the biomass feedstock 30 through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 to biochar outlet 100 via conveyor 104 along internal flow path 102. Feedstock supply system 106 may include an externally driven conveyor, such as a belt conveyor, screw conveyor, or helical conveyor, a hopper, or any combination thereof. Similarly, conveyor 104 may include an internally driven conveyor, such as a belt conveyor, screw conveyor, or helical conveyor, a gravity-driven conveyor with inclination, or any combination thereof. Controller 26 is configured to control the speed of feedstock supply system 106 and conveyor 104 (e.g., increase or decrease speed) to control the residence time of the pyrolysis reaction inside biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, thereby controlling the characteristics of biochar 28 and syngas 86.

[0027] The biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is configured to receive one or more heated fluids (e.g., waste gas 34 and / or steam 36) from a heat source 32 through a waste gas inlet 90 and / or a steam inlet 92, and to direct the heated fluids to transfer heat, such as in a flow direction parallel to and along the conveyor direction of the conveyor 104, in a flow direction parallel to and opposite to the conveyor direction of the conveyor 104, and / or in a flow direction intersecting the conveyor direction of the conveyor 104, to (e.g., direct and / or indirect heat transfer) the biomass feedstock 30 moving along the conveyor 104. For example, the biomass feedstock 30 may be directly exposed to the heated fluids (e.g., waste gas 34 and / or steam 36) for direct heat transfer, or the heated fluids (e.g., waste gas 34 and / or steam 36) may flow through one or more conduits, hollow walls, or heat exchangers (connected to and / or within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22) for indirect heat transfer to the biomass feedstock 30. After the biomass feedstock 30 flows through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and transfers heat to the conveyor 104, the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) is then discharged through exhaust gas outlet 94 and steam outlet 96. Inside the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, the heat transferred from the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) to the biomass feedstock 30 causes a pyrolysis reaction in the biomass feedstock 30, thereby generating both biochar 28 and syngas 86. The fluid characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) can alter the pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock 30. Therefore, the controller 26 is configured to control the fluid characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) to control the pyrolysis reaction inside the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, thereby controlling the characteristics of biochar 28 and syngas 86.

[0028] In some embodiments, controller 26 is configured to control the speeds of feedstock supply system 106 and conveyor 104, fluid characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) of heated fluids (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36), or combinations thereof, based on sensor feedback and the operating mode of power plant 10. For example, sensor feedback may include feedback from one or more sensors (such as temperature sensors, flow rate sensors, pressure sensors, gas composition sensors, optical sensors, or any combination thereof) within biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, providing sensor feedback regarding the pyrolysis reaction. By further example, sensor feedback may include feedback from one or more sensors (such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow rate sensors, gas composition sensors, or any combination thereof) coupled to gas turbine system 12 and / or along the exhaust gas flow path of exhaust gas 34, providing sensor feedback regarding exhaust gas 34. By further example, sensor feedback may include feedback from one or more sensors (such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow rate sensors, or any combination thereof) coupled to the steam generator 14, the steam turbine system 16, and / or along the steam flow path of the steam 36, thereby providing sensor feedback regarding the steam 36. The aforementioned sensor feedback regarding the pyrolysis reaction, exhaust gas 34, and steam 36 can be used to control the velocity, volume, and residence time of the biomass feedstock 30 moving through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, as well as the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the heated fluid used to drive the pyrolysis reaction, thereby further controlling the characteristics of the biochar 28 and syngas 86.

[0029] Additionally, as discussed in further detail below, controller 26 is configured to control biochar system 20 based on the operating mode of power plant 10 (such as start-up mode, steady-state mode, shutdown mode, full-load mode, or partial-load mode). For example, when electricity demand is high, power plant 10 may operate in full-load mode to generate more electricity, while when electricity demand is low, power plant 10 may operate in partial-load mode to generate less electricity. When power plant 10 changes between full-load and partial-load modes (or between any operating modes), the fluid characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) and the demand for syngas 86 generally change, and therefore controller 26 may change the use of the heated fluid in biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 when power plant 10 changes between full-load and partial-load modes, or when power plant 10 changes between any operating modes.

[0030] The controller 26 is configured to control the speeds of the feedstock supply system 106 and the conveyor 104 in various ways based on sensor feedback and the operating mode of the power plant 10. For example, the controller 26 may be configured to increase the speeds of the feedstock supply system 106 and the conveyor 104 to reduce the residence time of the biomass feedstock 30 in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, or to decrease the speeds of the feedstock supply system 106 and the conveyor 104 to increase the residence time of the biomass feedstock 30 in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. By further example, the controller 26 may be configured to increase the speed of the feedstock supply system 106 for a specific speed of the conveyor 104 to increase the volume of biomass feedstock 30 per unit area on the conveyor 104 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, or to decrease the speed of the feedstock supply system 106 for a specific speed of the conveyor 104 to decrease the volume of biomass feedstock 30 per unit area on the conveyor 104 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. By further example, controller 26 may be configured to change the speed of raw material supply system 106 and / or conveyor 104 based on the availability of heat from heat source 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36).

[0031] The controller 26 is configured to control the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) supplied to the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 in various ways based on sensor feedback and the operating mode of the power plant 10. For example, the controller 26 may be configured to increase the flow rate of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) to increase heat transfer from the heated fluid to the biomass feedstock 30 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, or to decrease the flow rate of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) to decrease heat transfer from the heated fluid to the biomass feedstock 30 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. By further example, the controller 26 may be configured to vary between different extraction points or sources of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) to change the temperature and / or pressure of the heated fluid used to drive the pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock 30 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, such as by varying the extraction points of the exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36 at different temperatures and / or pressures. Therefore, controller 26 can be configured to control valves connected to each supply line of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36). In some embodiments, the extraction points of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) may include low-property extraction points (e.g., low pressure and / or low temperature), medium-property extraction points (e.g., medium pressure and / or medium temperature), and high-property extraction points (e.g., high pressure and / or high temperature). The selection of extraction points can vary depending on the operating mode of power plant 10, the demand for syngas 86, the demand for biochar 28, and / or variations in pressure and temperature at each extraction point.

[0032] In the illustrated embodiments, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may receive waste gas 34 via waste gas supply line 108, steam 36 via steam supply line 110 connected to steam generator 14, steam 36 via steam supply line 112 connected to steam turbine system 16, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the controller 26 may be configured to control valves connected to each of the supply lines 108, 110, and 112. In some embodiments, each of the supply lines 108, 110, and 112 may comprise a single supply line or multiple supply lines connected to different extraction points of the waste gas 34 and steam 36 with different properties (e.g., pressure, temperature, etc.). In some embodiments, all or part of the waste gas 34 may bypass the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 via waste gas bypass line 114, which extends to steam generator 14 to use the heat from the waste gas 34 to generate steam. Similarly, controller 26 can be configured to control valves connected to exhaust bypass line 114 to control exhaust bypass flow along exhaust bypass line 114.

[0033] In embodiments where at least a portion of the exhaust gas 34 is used in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, the exhaust gas 34 emitted from the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may flow through an exhaust gas line 116 having a nitrogen-selective membrane 118, a pipe burner 120, or a combination thereof. For example, in embodiments where direct heat transfer occurs between the exhaust gas 34 and the biomass feedstock 30, a nitrogen-selective membrane 118 and / or a pipe burner 120 may be included, thereby combining the syngas with the exhaust gas 34 emitted from the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 along the exhaust gas line 116. In some embodiments, the nitrogen-selective membrane 118 and / or the pipe burner 120 may be used in the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) configuration of the power plant 10, such as a stoichiometric exhaust gas recirculation (SEGR) configuration. In such embodiments, the nitrogen-selective membrane 118 is configured to separate nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the mixture of emitted syngas and exhaust gas 34. XThis generates nitrogen 122 and syngas 86 (e.g., colored syngas) along syngas line 124. The nitrogen selective membrane 118 may or may not be used with the pipe burner 120. The pipe burner 120 may be configured to burn the syngas in the mixture of exhaust gas and waste gas 34, thereby adding heat to the waste gas 34 upstream of the steam generator 14. Therefore, the heat added by the pipe burner 120 can increase the steam production in the steam generator 14, which can also contribute to increasing the power output of the steam turbine system 16. However, in some embodiments (such as those with indirect heat transfer between waste gas 34 and biomass feedstock 30), the syngas is not mixed with waste gas 24, and thus the nitrogen selective membrane 118 and / or the pipe burner 120 can be omitted from the waste gas line 116. Conversely, in an embodiment where there is indirect heat transfer between waste gas 34 and biomass feedstock 30, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is configured to discharge waste gas 34 through waste gas outlet 94 and syngas 86 through syngas outlet 98. The use of syngas 86 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0034] In embodiments where steam 36 is used in at least a portion of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, steam 36 can be used to heat and drive the pyrolysis of biomass feedstock 30 via direct or indirect heat transfer. The biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may output steam 36 (or a steam / water mixture) back to the steam generator 14 along steam line 126. In embodiments using direct heat transfer between steam 36 and biomass feedstock 30, one or more post-treatment systems may be included along steam line 126 to separate steam / water from the syngas, such as a condenser for condensing any steam into water, a separator for separating water from the syngas, or any combination thereof. In embodiments using indirect heat transfer between steam 36 and biomass feedstock 30, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is configured to discharge steam 36 through steam outlet 96 and syngas 86 through syngas outlet 98, respectively.

[0035] In some embodiments, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is configured with only exhaust gas 34 as a heat source 32, only steam 36 as a heat source 32, or a combination of both heat sources 32. In embodiments where only exhaust gas 34 is used as a heat source 32, steam supply lines 110 and 112 may be excluded as heat sources 32. Additionally, in some embodiments, depending on whether steam 36 is used as a heat source 32, whether steam generator 14 is located downstream of biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, and whether EGR system 18 is present, steam generator 14, steam turbine system 16, nitrogen selective membrane 118, pipe burner 120, or combinations thereof, may be included or excluded. In embodiments where only steam 36 is used as a heat source 32, exhaust gas supply line 108 may not be connected to biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, and exhaust gas line 116 with nitrogen selective membrane 118 and pipe burner 120 may be omitted from biochar system 20.

[0036] In the illustrated embodiment, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 generates syngas 86 and / or a nitrogen-selective membrane 118 separates the syngas 86 from the exhaust gas 34 along the exhaust gas line 116, thereby serving as part of the fuel supply system 66 of the gas turbine system 12. The syngas 86 can at least partially or completely meet the fuel requirements of the gas turbine system 12. The fuel supply system 66 includes a heat exchanger 128 (e.g., a syngas cooler) configured to cool the syngas 66 via indirect heat exchange with a hot fluid (e.g., water) circulating from the fluid inlet 130 to the fluid outlet 132 through the heat exchanger 128, wherein the hot fluid discharged from the fluid outlet 132 can be used for heating elsewhere in the power plant 10, for district heating applications, for combined heat and power (CHP) applications, or any combination thereof. The fuel supply system 66 may also include a compressor 134 (e.g., a syngas compressor) driven by an electric motor or combustion engine, wherein the compressor 134 is configured to compress the syngas 86 to a suitable pressure for storage in the storage tank 136 and / or injection into the combustor 54 of the gas turbine system 12. The storage tank 136 can act as a buffer tank when the production of syngas 86 varies with the operation of the power plant 10. Therefore, when the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 produces more syngas 86 than required or needed for the operation of the gas turbine system 12, the excess syngas 86 is stored in the storage tank 136 for later use when the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 produces less syngas 86 than required or needed for the operation of the gas turbine system 12. In this way, the storage tank 136 integrated with the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 can be configured to meet the fuel requirements of the gas turbine system 12 in various operating modes, such as start-up mode, steady-state mode, shutdown mode, full-load mode, or partial-load mode.

[0037] In addition to the syngas 86 used by the fuel supply system 66 of the gas turbine system 12, the biochar adsorbent system 24 also uses biochar 28 along the exhaust gas flow path 82 (e.g., at the exhaust gas chimney 74) to both treat the exhaust gas 34 and enrich the biochar 28. In some embodiments, the biochar adsorbent system 24 may be operated using biochar from multiple sources. Thus, the biochar adsorbent system 24 may operate completely independently of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, or the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and the biochar adsorbent system 24 may operate together to complement each other and improve the operation of the power plant 10. For example, the biochar 28 may be generated entirely by the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 at the power plant 10, entirely by a biochar pyrolysis reactor (or other source) independent of the power plant 10, or any combination thereof. In an illustrated embodiment, the exhaust gas 34 flows through one or more biochar adsorbent systems 24, which are configured to capture undesirable gases, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx). X Nitrogen oxides, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and / or nitric oxide (NO), are adsorbed into biochar 28, which acts as an adsorbent material or medium to capture nitrogen oxides and produce a substantially nitrogen-free treated gas 84 and nitrogen-rich biochar 38. The nitrogen-rich biochar 38 can then be transported via transport system 138 to one or more soil applications 40, such as agricultural applications, tillage applications, forestry applications, or any combination thereof. Transport system 138 may include conveyors, rail systems, truck systems, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, soil application 40 may correspond to the original source of biomass feedstock 30. In other words, biomass feedstock 30 may be obtained from a soil application and returned to the same or similar soil application. In some embodiments, soil application 40 may include forestry applications, such as afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, or forest management. In some implementations, soil application 40 may include peatland and coastal wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration in farmland and grassland, biomass burial, biomass sinking, marine fertilization, or any combination thereof.

[0038] In some embodiments, one or more biochar adsorbent systems in biochar adsorbent system 24 can be used to adsorb one or more undesirable gases, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx). X (For example, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and / or nitric oxide (NO)), carbon oxides (CO) X (For example, carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SO4) X(e.g., sulfur dioxide (SO2)) or any combination thereof. The treated gas 84 may be substantially free of undesirable gases and may be discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust chimney 74. In some embodiments, the biochar system 20 may include multiple biochar adsorbent systems 24 in series, parallel, or combinations thereof.

[0039] In the illustrated embodiment, the biochar adsorbent system 24 includes a conveyor 140 configured to transport biochar 28 through an exhaust gas flow path 82, such as crossing or longitudinally through an exhaust gas chimney 74. The conveyor 140 may include an internally driven, electrically powered conveyor, such as a belt conveyor, screw conveyor, or spiral conveyor, a gravity-driven conveyor with inclination, or any combination thereof. A controller 26 is configured to control the speed of the conveyor 140 (e.g., increase or decrease the speed) to control the residence time of the biochar 28 within the biochar adsorbent system 24, thereby controlling the flow of undesirable gases (e.g., NO) from the exhaust gas 34. X The adsorption of nitrogen-enriched biochar 38 into biochar 28, and thus the control of the properties of the treated gas 84. The biochar adsorbent system 24 may include a perforated metal shell or duct extending through the exhaust gas chimney 74, such that sufficient openings allow the exhaust gas 34 to flow directly over the biochar 28 moving along the conveyor 140.

[0040] In some embodiments, when the power plant 10 changes between operating modes (e.g., start-up mode, steady-state mode, shutdown mode, full-load mode, or partial-load mode), the changed operating mode causes changes in the fluid characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc.) of the heated fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, changes in the demand for syngas 86 generated by the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, changes in the demand for gas treatment via the biochar adsorbent system 24, or any combination thereof. Therefore, the controller 26 can be configured to control the biochar system 20 (including both the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and the biochar adsorbent system 24) to support the pyrolysis reaction in response to changes in the overall power plant 10, grid demand, syngas demand, biochar demand, and available heat source 32.

[0041] In some embodiments, controller 26 is configured to control power plant 10 (particularly gas turbine system 12) to change the fuel-air ratio, combustion flame temperature, or a combination thereof, in a manner that increases the amount of undesirable gases (e.g., NO). X This is contrary to the normal operating objectives of power plant 10, while utilizing undesirable gases (e.g., NO) in the biochar adsorbent system 24. XThe addition of biochar 28 enriches the biochar and produces nitrogen-rich biochar 38 for various soil applications 40. Therefore, undesirable gases (e.g., NO) are adsorbed by incorporating a biochar adsorbent system 24. X To achieve the positive objective of enriching biochar 28, power plant 10 can operate under a wider range of operating conditions, such as various fuel-air ratios (e.g., rich fuel, lean fuel, or stoichiometric), combustion flame temperatures, etc. While conventional thinking might intentionally operate power plant 10 to increase undesirable gases (e.g., NO), X However, controller 26 may include a special increase in undesirable gases (e.g., NO) in conjunction with the operation of biochar system 20 (e.g., biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and biochar adsorbent system 24). X ) operation mode.

[0042] In some implementations, controller 26 may include low NO X Operating mode, NO X Operating modes and high NO X Operating modes, including combustion flame temperature and NO X Production and exhaust gas temperature typically change from one operating mode to another, from low NO... X Operating mode to high NO X The operating modes are increased. The higher temperature of the exhaust gas 34 can help increase the heat transfer and pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock 30 to generate biochar 28 in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, increase the steam output in the steam generator 14, and so on. Additionally, high NO... X The increased yield can facilitate more rapid enrichment of biochar 28 in the biochar adsorbent system 24 to produce nitrogen-rich biochar 38. Different NO... X The operating mode can be used in conjunction with other operating modes of the gas turbine system 12, such as start-up mode, steady-state mode, shutdown mode, full-load mode, or partial-load mode. For example, the controller 26 can control the gas turbine system 12 to operate at low NO levels. X , medium NO X or high NO X One of the operating modes is operation in full-load mode, or the controller 26 can control the gas turbine system 12 to operate at low NO levels. X , medium NO X or high NO X One of the operating modes operates in a partial load mode. For example, controller 26 can operate at a low NO when in full load mode. X The operating mode operates the gas turbine system 12, while the controller 26 can operate at high NO in a partial load mode. XOperating mode: The gas turbine system 12 is operated. In some embodiments, the controller 26 can operate the gas turbine system 12 to gradually increase the NO content of the exhaust gas 34 as the flow rate of the exhaust gas 34 decreases and / or the load on the gas turbine system 12 decreases. X The controller 26 can operate the gas turbine system 12 to gradually reduce the NO in the exhaust gas 34 as the flow rate of the exhaust gas 34 increases and / or the load on the gas turbine system 12 increases. X Production and temperature. With the flow rate, temperature, and NO in exhaust gas 34... X With varying concentrations, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 can benefit from increased heat transfer (e.g., higher temperature and / or flow rate) to improve the pyrolysis reaction, while the biochar adsorbent system 24 can benefit from increased NO. X The concentration was enriched with biochar at 28%.

[0043] As illustrated, controller 26 includes processor 142, memory 144, instructions 146 stored in memory 144 and executable by processor 142 to perform various control functions of controller 26, and communication circuitry 148 for communicating with various sensors and equipment of power plant 10. Other aspects of control will be discussed in more detail below. Additionally, various embodiments of power plant 10 with biochar system 20 will be discussed in more detail below.

[0044] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant 10, illustrating a simple circulating configuration 150 with a biochar system 20, wherein both exhaust gas 34 and steam 36 serve as heat sources 32 for the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. Figure 2 The power plant 10 and the above reference Figure 1 The power plants discussed in detail are essentially the same, differing only in several variations discussed below. Therefore, the same components use the same component designations, and thus, unless otherwise stated, all aspects of the illustrated power plant 10 and biochar system 20 are identical to those discussed above. In the illustrated embodiment, the simple loop configuration 150 of power plant 10 excludes the steam turbine system 16 and the EGR system 18. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes the nitrogen-selective membrane 118 and the pipe burner 120 along the exhaust gas line 116, although some embodiments may... Figure 2 These components are included in power plant 10. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes air compressor 60, instead relying on compressor 52. In other respects, Figure 2 Implementation plan and Figure 1 The implementation plans are basically the same.

[0045] In the illustrated embodiments, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 uses exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36 to provide direct and / or indirect heat transfer to the biomass feedstock 30 to generate biochar 28. For example, exhaust gas 34 may be directed through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 from one or more exhaust gas extraction points (e.g., at one or more turbine stages or after the last turbine stage of turbine 56), or exhaust gas 34 may not be used as a heat source in heat source 32. In some embodiments, exhaust gas 34 may be directed partially or entirely through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 to provide heat transfer (e.g., direct and / or indirect heat transfer) for the pyrolysis reaction, or exhaust gas 34 may bypass the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 entirely. Similarly, steam 36 may be directed through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 from one or more steam extraction points, or steam 36 may not be used as a steam source in steam source 32. Biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 produces biochar 28 through direct and / or indirect heat transfer from heat source 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) to biomass feedstock 30. In some embodiments, all or a portion of the biochar 28 may be used in biochar adsorbent system 24, directly for soil application 40, or a combination thereof. In other words, in some embodiments, non-enriched biochar 28 and / or enriched biochar 28 (as nitrogen-enriched biochar 38) may be transported to soil application 40 by transport system 138. Biochar adsorbent system 24 removes undesirable gases (e.g., NO) from exhaust gas 34. X The adsorption is carried out in biochar 28 to generate treated gas 84 and nitrogen-rich biochar 38.

[0046] In some implementations, Figure 2 The power plant 10 may include all or part of the biochar system 20. For example, the power plant 10 may include a biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 only, a biochar adsorbent system 24 only, or a combination of both the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and the biochar adsorbent system 24. In embodiments without the biochar adsorbent system 24, the power plant 10 may include one or more other types of carbon capture systems (e.g., adsorbent-based carbon capture and / or solvent-based carbon capture), and the biochar 28 generated by the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may be used for soil application 40 without enrichment at the power plant 10. In embodiments without the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, the power plant 10 may supply biochar to the biochar adsorbent system 24 from various external sources, possibly from other power plants having biochar pyrolysis reactors 22. However, in the illustrated embodiment, the biochar system 20 includes a biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and a biochar adsorbent system 24, which operate in a complementary manner and improve the efficiency and value of the power plant 10 by producing syngas 86 and nitrogen-enriched biochar 38.

[0047] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant 10, illustrating a simple circulating configuration 170 with a biochar system 20, wherein exhaust gas 34 serves as a heat source 32 for a biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. Figure 3 The power plant 10 and the above reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The power plants discussed in detail are essentially the same, differing only in several variations discussed below. Therefore, the same components use the same component designations, and thus, unless otherwise stated, all aspects of the illustrated power plant 10 and biochar system 20 are identical to those discussed above. In the illustrated embodiment, the simple loop configuration 170 of power plant 10 excludes the steam turbine system 16 and the EGR system 18. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes the nitrogen-selective membrane 118 and the pipe burner 120 along the exhaust gas line 116, although some embodiments may... Figure 3 These components are included in power plant 10. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes air compressor 60, instead relying on compressor 52. In other respects, Figure 3 Implementation plan and Figure 1 The implementation plans are basically the same. Furthermore, Figure 3 Implementation plan and Figure 2 The implementation plans are basically the same, the difference being... Figure 3 The implementation plan only includes exhaust gas 34 as a heat source 32.

[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 operates using heat provided solely by exhaust gas 34 as a heat source 32. Therefore, exhaust gas 34 transfers heat directly and / or indirectly to the biomass feedstock 30 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, thereby generating syngas 86 for burner 54 and biochar 28 for biochar adsorbent system 24. In the illustrated embodiment, exhaust gas 34 may flow directly along an internal flow path 102 via a conveyor 104 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. The exhaust gas flow 34 may be in the same, opposite, and / or cross-flow direction relative to the biomass feedstock 30 moving along the conveyor 104. However, direct contact and direct heat transfer between exhaust gas 34 and biomass feedstock 30 allows for a relatively simple design of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. In some embodiments, exhaust gas 34 may flow through separate ducts, flow paths, and / or heat exchangers for indirect heat transfer with the biomass feedstock 30 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. All other aspects of power plant 10 are referenced above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The same is being discussed.

[0049] Figure 4 yes Figure 1A block diagram of an implementation scheme for a power plant 10, illustrating a simple circulating configuration 190 with a biochar system 20, wherein steam 36 serves as a heat source 32 for a biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. Figure 4 The power plant 10 and the above reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The power plants discussed in detail are essentially the same, differing only in several variations discussed below. Therefore, the same components use the same component designations, and thus, unless otherwise stated, all aspects of the illustrated power plant 10 and biochar system 20 are identical to those discussed above. In the illustrated embodiment, the simple loop configuration 190 of power plant 10 excludes the steam turbine system 16 and the EGR system 18. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes the nitrogen-selective membrane 118 and the pipe burner 120 along the exhaust gas line 116, although some embodiments may... Figure 4 These components are included in power plant 10. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes air compressor 60, instead relying on compressor 52. In other respects, Figure 4 Implementation plan and Figure 1 The implementation plans are basically the same. Furthermore, Figure 4 Implementation plan and Figure 2 The implementation plans are basically the same, the difference being... Figure 4 The implementation scheme only includes steam 36 as heat source 32.

[0050] In the illustrated embodiment, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 operates using heat provided solely by steam 36 as its heat source 32. Thus, exhaust gas 34 transfers heat to water in the steam generator 16 to generate steam 36, which is then used by the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. In this way, the heat source 32 still originates from the combustion process in the gas turbine system 12, which generates exhaust gas 34. However, the steam 36 is used to transfer heat directly and / or indirectly to the biomass feedstock 30 in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, thereby generating syngas 86 for the burner 54 and biochar 28 for the biochar adsorbent system 24. All other aspects of the power plant 10 are referenced above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The same is being discussed.

[0051] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an implementation scheme of power plant 10, illustrating a chemimetric waste gas recirculation (SEGR) configuration 210 with a biochar system 20, wherein waste gas 34 is a heat source 32 for biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and a pipe burner 120 is located downstream of biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. Figure 5 The power plant 10 and the above reference Figure 1The power plants discussed in detail are essentially the same, differing only in several variations discussed below. Therefore, the same components use the same component designations, and thus, unless otherwise stated, all aspects of the illustrated power plant 10 and biochar system 20 are identical to those discussed above. In the illustrated embodiment, the SEGR configuration 210 of power plant 10 excludes nitrogen-selective membrane 118 along exhaust gas line 116. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes steam 36 as one of the heat sources 32, instead relying on exhaust gas 34 for heat source 32. In other respects, Figure 5 Implementation plan and Figure 1 The implementation plans are basically the same.

[0052] In the illustrated SEGR configuration 210, power plant 10 is configured to operate in conjunction with EGR system 18 using stoichiometric combustion in combustor 54 of gas turbine system 12. Therefore, compressor 52 is configured to compress exhaust gas 34 recirculated to inlet 50 to deliver the compressed exhaust gas to combustor 54, while air compressor 60 is configured to deliver compressed air 64 separately to combustor 54. Fuel supply system 66 also delivers syngas 86 as fuel to combustor 54. Controller 26 is configured to control the combustion of syngas 86 with air and recirculated exhaust gas, thereby providing a substantially stoichiometric ratio of fuel (e.g., syngas 86) and air, resulting in substantially stoichiometric combustion. One measure of stoichiometric combustion is the equivalence ratio, or phi(Φ), which is the ratio of the actual fuel / oxidant ratio to the stoichiometric fuel / oxidant ratio. An equivalence ratio greater than 1.0 results in fuel-rich combustion of fuel and oxidant, while an equivalence ratio less than 1.0 results in fuel-lean combustion of fuel and oxidant. In contrast, an equivalence ratio of 1.0 results in combustion that is neither fuel-rich nor fuel-lean, thereby consuming virtually all fuel and oxidant in the combustion reaction. In the context of the disclosed embodiments, the term stoichiometry or substantially stoichiometry may refer to an equivalence ratio of approximately 0.95 to approximately 1.05. However, the disclosed embodiments may also include 1.0 plus or minus 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, or greater. Stoichiometric combustion of fuel and oxidant in burner 54 produces combustion products or exhaust gas 34 in which substantially no unburned fuel or oxidant remains. Therefore, exhaust gas 34 (e.g., substantially free of unburned fuel or oxidant) may be particularly suitable for... Figure 5 20. Biochar system.

[0053] For example, exhaust gas 34 (e.g., substantially free of unburned fuel or oxidant) may be particularly suitable for direct heat transfer with biomass feedstock 30 moving through biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 via conveyor 104. Exhaust gas 34 is able to transfer heat directly to biomass feedstock 30 without producing any substantial pollution from unburned fuel or oxidant, thereby driving the pyrolysis reaction of biomass feedstock 30 via direct heat transfer. Therefore, syngas is formed or directly mixed with exhaust gas 34 flowing through biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, such that the mixture of emitted syngas 86 and exhaust gas 34 flows out of biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 along exhaust gas line 116. (Refer to the above) Figure 1 As discussed, the pipe burner 120 is configured to burn the syngas mixed with exhaust gas 34, thereby further heating the exhaust gas 34 upstream of the steam generator 14. The heat added by the pipe burner 120 helps increase the steam production in the steam generator 14 for use in the steam turbine system 16 and / or other locations in the power plant 10. Therefore, the pipe burner 120 helps improve the efficiency of the power plant 10. After the steam generator 14, the exhaust gas 34 flows through the exhaust gas chimney 74 for treatment by the biochar adsorbent system 24, as discussed in detail above.

[0054] Additionally, the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 may output syngas 86 (or a mixture of syngas 86 and exhaust gas 34) for use as fuel in a fuel supply system 66 coupled to the gas turbine system 12. In some embodiments, assuming the power plant 10 operates with the EGR system 18, the mixture of syngas 86 and exhaust gas 34 is cooled by a heat exchanger 128, compressed by a compressor 134, stored in a storage tank 136, and used as fuel in the burner 54 without separating the exhaust gas 34 from the syngas 86. In some embodiments, the fuel supply system 66 may be configured to separate the syngas 86 from the exhaust gas 34 for at least the purpose of storage in the storage tank 136. In some embodiments, the fuel supply system 66 may be used when the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 is operated in an indirect heat transfer mode, wherein the exhaust gas 34 indirectly transfers heat to the biomass 30 moving along the conveyor 104 within the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22.

[0055] As understood, NO in exhaust gas 34 X The concentration may depend on the combustion flame temperature, fuel-air ratio or equivalence ratio, and the amount of diluent (e.g., exhaust gas recirculated via EGR system 18). Therefore, controller 26 can control one or more operating parameters of gas turbine system 12 (e.g., combustion flame temperature, fuel-air ratio or equivalence ratio, amount of diluent (EGR flow rate), or any combination thereof) to control various NO concentrations. X NO in the mode XConcentration, as discussed in detail above. In some embodiments, controller 26 can control one or more operating parameters of the gas turbine system 12 to increase NO concentration. X Concentration, while controlling the biochar adsorbent system 24 to adsorb NO X And biochar 28 is enriched to generate nitrogen-rich biochar 38. Therefore, the increased NO X Concentration becomes a valuable advantage in biochar system 20, which produces useful byproducts (e.g., nitrogen-enriched biochar 38) for various soil applications 40. When operating in partial load mode, gas turbine system 12 may not generate any electricity for the grid, but it will still produce useful byproducts (e.g., nitrogen-enriched biochar 38). In some embodiments, when operating in partial load mode, power plant 10 can operate in a manner that maximizes the production of biochar 28, syngas 86, and / or nitrogen-enriched biochar 38.

[0056] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an embodiment of power plant 10, illustrating a chemimetric waste gas recirculation (SEGR) configuration 230 with a biochar system 20, wherein waste gas 34 is a heat source 32 for biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 and a nitrogen-selective membrane 118 is located downstream of biochar pyrolysis reactor 22. Figure 6 The power plant 10 and the above reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The power plants discussed in detail are essentially the same, differing only in several variations discussed below. Therefore, the same components use the same component designations, and thus, unless otherwise stated, all aspects of the illustrated power plant 10 and biochar system 20 are identical to those discussed above. In the illustrated embodiment, the SEGR configuration 230 of power plant 10 excludes the pipe burner 120 and includes a nitrogen-selective membrane 118 along the exhaust gas line 116. Additionally, power plant 10 excludes steam 36 as one of the heat sources 32, instead relying on exhaust gas 34 for heat source 32. In other respects, Figure 6 Implementation plan and Figure 1 The implementation plans are basically the same. Furthermore, Figure 6 Implementation plan and Figure 5 The implementation plans are basically the same, the difference being... Figure 6 The implementation scheme includes a nitrogen-selective membrane 118 instead of a pipe burner 120. Although Figure 6 The implementation scheme includes a steam generator 14 and a steam turbine system 16, but Figure 6 Some implementations of the SEGR configuration 230 may exclude the steam generator 14 and / or the steam turbine system 16.

[0057] As discussed above, the SEGR configuration 230 operates with essentially stoichiometric combustion, resulting in exhaust gas 34 being substantially free of unburned fuel or oxidant. Therefore, exhaust gas 34 may be well-suited for direct heat transfer with the biomass feedstock 30 in the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 without generating any substantial pollution from unburned fuel or oxidant, thereby driving the pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock 30 via direct heat transfer. Syngas is thus formed or directly mixed with the exhaust gas 34 flowing through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22, such that the mixture of emitted syngas and exhaust gas 34 exits the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 along exhaust gas line 116. (See above reference...) Figure 1 The nitrogen-selective membrane 118 discussed is configured to separate nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the mixture of emitted syngas and exhaust gas 34. X This generates nitrogen 122 and syngas 86 (e.g., colored syngas) along the syngas pipeline 124. Therefore, the fuel supply system 66 can use the syngas 86 generated by the nitrogen selective membrane 118 in the combustor 54 of the gas turbine system 12.

[0058] In some embodiments, exhaust gas 34 emitted from the nitrogen selective membrane 118 may be directed through a steam generator 14 (if included) and subsequently through an exhaust gas chimney 74, or exhaust gas 34 emitted from the nitrogen selective membrane 118 may be directed to the exhaust gas chimney 74 without any steam generation. Similarly, some embodiments of the SEGR configuration 230 may exclude the steam generator 14 and / or the steam turbine system 16. The biochar adsorbent system 24 operates substantially the same as discussed in detail above.

[0059] Figure 7 yes Figures 1 to 6A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 of the biochar system 20 further illustrates an indirect heat transfer configuration 250, wherein a heat transfer fluid or heat source 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) drives the pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock 30 via indirect heat transfer. In the illustrated embodiment, the indirect heat transfer configuration 250 isolates the biomass feedstock 30 within the inner tube 252 of the two-tube heat exchanger 254 from the heat source 32 within the outer shell 256 of the two-tube heat exchanger 254. Therefore, the products of the pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock 30 (e.g., biochar 28 and syngas 86) are contained within the inner tube 252 and do not mix with the heat source 32 within the outer shell 256 (e.g., the annular chamber 258 between the inner tube 252 and the outer shell 256). In such embodiments, heat source 32, syngas 86, and biochar 28 can be separately discharged from biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 through heat transfer fluid outlet 260 (e.g., exhaust gas outlet 94 and / or steam outlet 96), syngas outlet 98, and biochar outlet 100, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, heat source 32 indirectly transfers heat to biomass feedstock 30 through the wall (e.g., annular wall) of inner tube 252. However, any suitable configuration of biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 in indirect heat transfer configuration 250 is within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.

[0060] Figure 8 yes Figures 1 to 6A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 of the biochar system 20 further illustrates a direct heat transfer configuration 270, wherein a heat transfer fluid or heat source 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) drives the pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock 30 via direct heat transfer. In the illustrated embodiment, the direct heat transfer configuration 270 allows the heat transfer fluid 32 to flow directly through the biomass feedstock 30 within pipe 272 and transfer heat to the biomass feedstock. The products of the pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock 30 (e.g., biochar 28 and syngas 86) are directly mixed with the heat source 32 flowing through the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 to produce a mixture 274 of syngas 86 and heat source 32, which is output through a mixture outlet 276. The mixture 274 can then be separated and / or used together, as discussed above. For example, a separator, heat exchanger (e.g., a condenser or cooler), or any combination thereof, can be used to separate the steam 36 from the syngas 86. By further example, a burner (e.g., pipe burner 120) may be used to burn the syngas 86 in mixture 274, thereby increasing the temperature of the heat source 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) in mixture 274. By further example, a nitrogen-selective membrane 118 may be used to separate the syngas 86 and nitrogen 122 from the heat source 32 (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) in mixture 274. However, any suitable configuration of the biochar pyrolysis reactor 22 in the direct heat transfer configuration 270 is within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.

[0061] Figure 9 It is used for operation Figures 1 to 6 A flowchart of an embodiment of process 290 for biochar system 20 in power plant 10. In the illustrated embodiment, method 290 includes transporting biomass feedstock (e.g., 30) from a biomass source to the power plant (e.g., 10) (box 292). Biomass sources may include agricultural sites, farms, forests, industrial facilities, waste treatment facilities, or any combination thereof. Biomass feedstock may include industrial waste and byproducts in various forms (e.g., pellets), food waste, agricultural residues (e.g., straw), plants (e.g., corn, switchgrass, miscanthus, and bamboo), energy crops, timber, wood residues, or any combination thereof. Power plants may include coal-fired power plants, gas turbine power plants, or plants that use fuel to generate undesirable gases (e.g., NO). XThe process 290 can then supply biomass feedstock to a biochar pyrolysis reactor (e.g., 22) (box 294). For example, the supply of biomass feedstock may include using a conveyor to move the biomass feedstock vertically, horizontally, and / or obliquely into the biomass inlet of the biochar pyrolysis reactor. The process 290 can then supply heat to the biochar pyrolysis reactor via heat transfer from a heat source from the power plant (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) (box 296). Heat can be transferred directly and / or indirectly via one or more internal flow paths (e.g., 102) through the biochar pyrolysis reactor. The heat may originate from the combustion of fuel in the power plant, and thus the heat is generated integrally with the operation of the power plant. The process 290 can then generate syngas (e.g., 86) and biochar (e.g., 28) via the pyrolysis of the biomass feedstock within the biochar pyrolysis reactor (box 298). Then, process 290 can supply the generated syngas to the burner (e.g., 54) (box 300) of the power plant. Then, process 290 can remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the exhaust gas. X The nitrogen-rich biochar is adsorbed into the biochar to output NOx-poor exhaust gas (e.g., treated gas 84) and nitrogen-rich biochar (e.g., 38) (box 302). Finally, process 290 can transport the nitrogen-rich biochar from the power plant to one or more soil applications (e.g., 40) (box 304). For example, soil applications may include various sustainable soil sinks, such as agriculture, forestry, tillage, etc. The aforementioned process 290 may be controlled by controller 26 or any other suitable processor-based controller or system. In addition, the aforementioned process 290 may include as referenced above. Figures 1 to 8 A detailed discussion of any and all aspects of the control and operation of power plant 10.

[0062] Figure 10 It is used for control Figures 1 to 6 A flowchart of an embodiment of a method 320 for operating a power plant 10 and a biochar system 20 is provided. In an illustrated embodiment, method 320 includes monitoring operating parameters of the power plant (e.g., 10), energy demand, and the biochar system (e.g., 20) having a biochar pyrolysis reactor (e.g., 22) and a biochar adsorbent system (e.g., 24) to obtain feedback (box). Operating parameters of the power plant may include combustion parameters (e.g., fuel-air ratio, equivalence ratio, combustion flame temperature), EGR parameters (e.g., EGR flow rate, temperature, gas composition, etc.), and undesirable gases in the exhaust gas (e.g., NO). XThe energy demand can correspond to the electricity demand on the grid, which can vary between peak demand during the hottest part of the day and minimum demand at night. Therefore, energy demand can impact the operation of power plants and electricity production. Operating parameters of a biochar system can include: the flow rate, temperature, pressure, and / or heat transfer properties of the hot fluids (e.g., exhaust gas and / or steam) used in the biochar pyrolysis reactor; the feed / transport rate of biomass feedstock through the biochar pyrolysis reactor; the production rate of syngas; the gas composition of the syngas; the production rate of biochar; biochar properties (e.g., the quality of the pyrolysis reaction or other indicators such as those indicated by the biochar products, the quality and availability of the biomass feedstock, upper and lower threshold limits for the pyrolysis reaction (e.g., temperature, residence time of biomass in the presence of heat, etc.)); or any combination thereof. Figure 10 Method 320 can utilize various feedback mechanisms to control power plants and biochar systems, including those referenced above. Figures 1 to 9 All aspects described in detail.

[0063] Then, method 320 may proceed to control the operating conditions and operating modes of the power plant (e.g., start-up mode, steady-state mode, shutdown mode, full-load mode, or partial-load mode) at least in part based on feedback (box 324). For example, changes in energy demand may be operating parameters that method 320 can use to increase or decrease the load on the power plant. In some embodiments, method 320 may control the power plant to change from a full-load mode during peak energy demand to a partial-load mode during periods of lower or minimum grid energy demand. Similarly, method 320 may adjust the operating mode (e.g., partial-load mode, full-load mode, etc.) based on the demand and values ​​generated by operating the biochar system.

[0064] Method 320 may also control the amount and conveying rate of biomass feedstock (e.g., 30) and the temperature in the biochar pyrolysis reactor to generate biochar (e.g., 28) and syngas (e.g., 86) based at least in part on feedback and operating modes of the power plant (box 326). For example, the conveying rate of biomass feedstock through the biochar pyrolysis reactor may be increased to reduce the residence time in the biochar pyrolysis reactor, and the conveying rate may be decreased to increase the residence time. The total biochar productivity of the biochar pyrolysis reactor may be varied using the amount of biomass feedstock through the biochar pyrolysis reactor (in combination with the conveying rate). The temperature of the biochar pyrolysis reactor may be increased to increase the pyrolysis rate of the biomass feedstock in the biochar pyrolysis reactor, or the temperature may be decreased to decrease the pyrolysis rate. The amount of biomass feedstock through the biochar pyrolysis reactor may be varied depending on the operating mode (e.g., full load vs. partial load), the temperature and flow rate of the exhaust gas, and the presence of undesirable gases (NOx) in the exhaust gas. XThe amount, delivery rate, and temperature of biochar and syngas can be increased or decreased based on the concentration of the biochar, the power plant's demand for syngas, or any combination thereof. For example, method 320 may control (e.g., change, increase, or decrease) the production of biochar and syngas based at least in part on the available heat source (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36) used to control the temperature in the biochar pyrolysis reactor. In some embodiments, method 320 may increase the amount and / or delivery rate of biomass feedstock when the heat source is available at higher temperatures, higher flow rates, and / or higher pressures, such as when the exhaust gas flow rate is high during full-load conditions. Similarly, method 320 may decrease the amount and / or delivery rate of biomass feedstock when the heat source is available at lower temperatures, lower flow rates, and / or lower pressures, such as when the exhaust gas flow rate is low during partial-load conditions. In general, method 320 can control the biochar pyrolysis system in response to various operating conditions and in a manner that produces the desired output of syngas and biochar.

[0065] Method 320 can control the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of syngas from the biochar pyrolysis reactor to a burner (e.g., 54) in a power plant (box 328), at least in part, based on feedback and operating modes. For example, method 320 can control the cooling of syngas in a heat exchanger (e.g., 128), the compression of syngas in a compressor (e.g., 134), the storage of excess syngas in a tank (e.g., 136), and / or the flow to the burner via one or more valves. Additionally, method 320 can control syngas production in the biochar pyrolysis reactor by controlling the pyrolysis reaction. For example, method 320 can increase syngas production by increasing the pyrolysis reaction, such as by increasing the amount and / or delivery rate of the biomass feedstock and / or increasing the temperature and / or flow rate of the hot fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36). By further example, method 320 can reduce syngas production by reducing the pyrolysis reaction, such as by reducing the amount and / or delivery rate of the biomass feedstock and / or reducing the temperature and / or flow rate of the hot fluid (e.g., exhaust gas 34 and / or steam 36). For example, method 320 can reduce syngas production during partial load mode and increase syngas production during full load mode.

[0066] Method 320 controls the amount and delivery rate of biochar passing through the biochar adsorbent system (e.g., 24) to adsorb nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the exhaust gas. X NO is adsorbed into biochar, thereby controlling NO deficiency. X Output concentrations of the exhaust gas (e.g., treated gas 84) and nitrogen-enriched biochar (e.g., 38) (box 330). For example, method 320 may increase the amount of biochar in the biochar adsorbent system and / or decrease the biochar delivery rate in the biochar adsorbent system to adsorb more NO from the exhaust gas. XAnd / or increase the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-enriched biochar. By further example, method 320 can reduce the amount of biochar in a biochar adsorbent system and / or increase the biochar delivery rate in the biochar adsorbent system to adsorb less NO from the exhaust gas. X And / or reduce the nitrogen concentration in nitrogen-enriched biochar. By further example, method 320 can be based on the flow rate, temperature, and / or undesired gas concentration (e.g., NO) of the waste gas treated by the biochar adsorbent system. X The amount and / or delivery rate of biochar in the biochar adsorbent system can be varied by adjusting the flow rate (concentration). As understood, higher flow rates may occur during full load and lower flow rates may occur during partial load periods at the power plant. With changes in flow rate and load, the amount and / or delivery rate of biochar in the biochar adsorbent system can be adjusted by method 320 to ensure that the nitrogen threshold concentration in the nitrogen-rich biochar is sufficiently high and that the NO content is low. X Undesirable gases in exhaust gas (NO) X The threshold concentration of NO in the biochar adsorbent system is sufficiently low. For example, method 320 may increase the amount of biochar in the biochar adsorbent system and / or decrease the biochar delivery rate in the biochar adsorbent system to achieve a higher flow rate of waste gas and lower NO concentration in the waste gas. X The higher concentration of NO in the waste gas and the higher load of the power plant. By further example, method 320 can reduce the amount of biochar in the biochar adsorbent system and / or increase the biochar delivery rate in the biochar adsorbent system to achieve lower waste gas flow rates and lower NO concentrations in the waste gas. X The lower concentration and lower load of power plants.

[0067] The technical advantages of the disclosed embodiments include the integration of biochar systems with biochar pyrolysis reactors and / or biochar adsorbent systems into industrial plants, such as power plants with gas turbine systems. The biochar pyrolysis reactor is integrated with a heat source available in the power plant to drive the pyrolysis reaction, thereby producing both biochar and syngas. The syngas can be further used as fuel for burners in the power plant, such as those used in gas turbine systems. Biochar can be a valuable resource in soil applications, regardless of whether a biochar adsorbent system is used. However, biochar adsorbent systems add further value to power plants by using biochar as an adsorbent material to adsorb undesirable gases from exhaust gases, while simultaneously enriching the biochar to gain greater value in soil applications. For example, biochar can adsorb nitrogen oxides (NOx) from exhaust gases. X This process enriches the biochar with nitrogen, producing nitrogen-enriched biochar for soil application. The biochar system can continue to operate under various power plant operating conditions, including partial load, full load, start-up, steady-state, EGR, SEGR, and variable NO₂. XModes or any combination thereof. For example, if a power plant changes from full-load to partial-load mode, for instance, due to lower energy demand from the grid, a biochar system can continue to add value to the power plant in partial-load mode by generating syngas and biochar. As a further example, with biochar systems, power plants can be controlled with greater flexibility in rich-fuel, lean-fuel, and / or stoichiometric modes, benefiting from increased NO₂. X Production. In some implementation schemes, power plants may intentionally control NO production. X Increased production often goes against conventional wisdom and emission requirements, while biochar adsorbent systems are used to adsorb NO. X And enrich biochar to generate nitrogen-rich biochar for soil application.

[0068] As illustrated below, the subject matter described in the detailed description above may be defined by one or more clauses.

[0069] A system comprising a controller having a processor, a memory, and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to: control a biochar pyrolysis reactor to heat a biomass feedstock, thereby using heat from a power plant to induce a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock to generate biochar and syngas; and control a biochar adsorbent system to adsorb unwanted gases from waste gas from the power plant into the biochar, thereby generating enriched biochar and treated gas.

[0070] According to the system described in the preceding clause, the power plant includes a generator driven by a gas turbine system having a compressor, a burner, and a turbine, wherein the controller is configured to control the power plant to burn the syngas to generate the exhaust gas.

[0071] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the undesirable gas includes nitrogen oxides, and the enriched biochar includes nitrogen-rich biochar, and the enriched biochar is configured to support one or more soil applications.

[0072] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the controller is configured to control the combustion process in the power plant to increase the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and the controller is configured to control the biochar adsorbent system to increase the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-rich biochar by using the increase in the concentration of nitrogen oxides.

[0073] According to any of the foregoing provisions of the system, wherein the controller is configured to control the biochar pyrolysis reactor to change the production of biochar and syngas, at least based on the operating mode of the power plant.

[0074] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the operating modes of the power plant include a partial load mode and a full load mode.

[0075] According to any of the foregoing provisions of the system, wherein the controller is configured to increase the production of the syngas and / or the biochar during the partial load mode when the power plant has low power demand.

[0076] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the controller is configured to control the biochar adsorbent system to alter the adsorption of the unwanted gas from the waste gas into the biochar, based at least on the operating mode of the power plant, thereby generating the enriched biochar and the treated gas.

[0077] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the operating modes of the power plant include a partial load mode and a full load mode.

[0078] According to any of the foregoing clauses, the operating mode of the power plant includes multiple nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the combustion process of the power plant. X )model.

[0079] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the controller is configured to control the biochar pyrolysis reactor to produce biochar at a production rate between an upper threshold and a lower threshold of the required rate of the biochar adsorbent system.

[0080] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the controller is configured to control the biochar pyrolysis reactor to generate the syngas at a production rate between an upper threshold and a lower threshold of the power plant's required rate.

[0081] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the controller is configured to control the generation of biochar and syngas at least by controlling the flow of waste gas to the biochar pyrolysis reactor, the flow of steam generated from the heat of the waste gas, or a combination thereof, to control the heat supplied to the biomass feedstock; and controlling the rate at which the biomass feedstock is conveyed through the biochar pyrolysis reactor.

[0082] According to any of the foregoing provisions, the controller is configured to control the adsorption of the unwanted gas into the biochar to generate the enriched biochar and the treated gas by at least: controlling the delivery rate of the biochar through the biochar adsorbent system in the exhaust gas flow path of the exhaust gas, and controlling the concentration of the unwanted gas in the enriched biochar between an upper threshold and a lower threshold.

[0083] A method comprising controlling a biochar pyrolysis reactor to heat a biomass feedstock, thereby using heat from a power plant to initiate a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock to produce biochar and syngas.

[0084] The method described in the preceding clause includes controlling the biochar pyrolysis reactor to change the production of biochar and syngas, at least based on the operating mode of the power plant.

[0085] The method according to any of the foregoing clauses includes controlling a biochar adsorbent system to adsorb unwanted gases from the exhaust gas from the power plant into the biochar, thereby generating enriched biochar and treated gas.

[0086] The method according to any of the foregoing clauses includes controlling the biochar pyrolysis reactor to produce biochar at a biochar production rate between an upper threshold and a lower threshold of the biochar demand rate of the biochar adsorbent system.

[0087] A method comprising controlling a biochar adsorbent system to adsorb unwanted gases from exhaust gas from a power plant into biochar, thereby generating enriched biochar and treated gas.

[0088] The method according to the preceding clause includes controlling the biochar adsorbent system based at least on the operating mode of the power plant to alter the adsorption of the undesired gas from the waste gas into the biochar, thereby generating the enriched biochar and the treated gas.

[0089] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also enables any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any device or system and performing any combination of methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that would occur to a person skilled in the art. Such other examples are contemplated within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements that are not substantially different from the literal language of the claims.

Claims

1. A system comprising: The controller has a processor, memory, and instructions, the instructions being stored in the memory and executable by the processor to: A biochar pyrolysis reactor is controlled to heat the biomass feedstock, thereby using heat from a power plant to initiate a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock to produce biochar and syngas; and A biochar adsorbent system is controlled to adsorb unwanted gases from the waste gas from the power plant into the biochar, thereby generating enriched biochar and treated gas.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the power plant comprises a generator driven by a gas turbine system having a compressor, a burner and a turbine, wherein the controller is configured to control the power plant to burn the syngas to generate the exhaust gas.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the undesirable gas includes nitrogen oxides, and the enriched biochar includes nitrogen-enriched biochar, and the enriched biochar is configured to support one or more soil applications.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to control the combustion process in the power plant to increase the concentration of the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and the controller is configured to control the biochar adsorbent system to increase the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-rich biochar by using the increase in the concentration of the nitrogen oxides.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the biochar pyrolysis reactor to change the production of biochar and syngas, at least based on the operating mode of the power plant.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the operating modes of the power plant include a partial load mode and a full load mode.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to increase the production of the syngas and / or the biochar during the partial load mode when the power plant has low power demand.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the biochar adsorbent system based at least on the operating mode of the power plant to alter the adsorption of the unwanted gas from the waste gas into the biochar, thereby generating the enriched biochar and the treated gas.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operating modes of the power plant include a partial load mode and a full load mode.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the operating mode of the power plant includes multiple nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced during the combustion process of the power plant. X )model.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the biochar pyrolysis reactor to produce biochar at a production rate between an upper threshold and a lower threshold of the required rate of the biochar adsorbent system.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the biochar pyrolysis reactor to generate the syngas at a production rate between an upper threshold and a lower threshold of the power plant's demand rate.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the generation of the biochar and the syngas at least in the following ways: Controlling the flow of waste gas into the biochar pyrolysis reactor, the steam flow generated from the heat of the waste gas, or a combination thereof, to control the heat supplied to the biomass feedstock; and The conveying rate of the biomass feedstock through the biochar pyrolysis reactor is controlled.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the adsorption of the unwanted gas into the biochar to generate the enriched biochar and the treated gas by at least the following manner: Control the rate at which the biochar is transported through the biochar adsorbent system along the waste gas flow path; and The concentration of the unwanted gas in the enriched biochar is controlled between an upper threshold and a lower threshold.

15. A method, the method comprising: A biochar pyrolysis reactor is controlled to heat the biomass feedstock, thereby using heat from a power plant to initiate a pyrolysis reaction of the biomass feedstock to produce biochar and syngas.

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