Anti-backfire pre-combustion chamber structure of pulverized coal gasification furnace

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of backfire prevention of pulverized coal gasifiers, in particular to an anti-backfire pre-combustion chamber structure of a pulverized coal gasifier, which comprises a pre-combustion chamber shell, and a plurality of combustor mounting seats are arranged on the outer side wall of the pre-combustion chamber shell; a plurality of burner assemblies are arranged on the burner mounting seat, and each burner assembly comprises a central pulverized coal conveying unit, an oxidizing agent conveying unit and an inert gas conveying unit. A stable firewall is formed on the periphery of the pulverized coal nozzle through the inert gas curtain, a flame tempering channel is physically isolated, an intrinsically safe tempering prevention mechanism is achieved, and the traditional contradiction between flame stabilization and tempering prevention is solved; the combustion working condition can be flexibly adjusted by independently controlling the flow and pressure of the central pulverized coal, the peripheral oxidizing agent and the inert gas curtain, and the flow of inert gas can be increased for coal types easy to temper; and for fire-retardant coal, the rotational flow strength of the oxidant can be enhanced, and a stable and reliable high-temperature fire source is provided for a main combustion chamber of the gasification furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of backfire prevention technology for pulverized coal gasifiers, specifically a backfire prevention pre-combustion chamber structure for a pulverized coal gasifier. Background Technology

[0002] Fluidized bed pulverized coal gasification technology is a leading technology in modern coal chemical industry, and the stable and efficient operation of its core equipment, the gasifier, is crucial. The pre-combustion chamber, as the ignition and flame stabilization device of the gasifier, directly affects the gasifier's start-up success rate, operating efficiency, and safety.

[0003] Existing pulverized coal gasifiers typically employ a basic structure for pre-combustion chambers that uses either swirling or blunt-body flame stabilization. While this structure meets basic operational requirements, it necessitates creating a low-speed recirculation zone to stabilize the flame. However, to prevent backfire (flame propagation along the fuel channel), the fuel ejection velocity must be higher than the flame propagation velocity. To prevent backfire, most existing pulverized coal gasifiers use separate oxidizer nozzles (oxygen or oxygen-enriched air), inert gas nozzles (nitrogen or steam), and pulverized coal nozzles. Carbon dioxide is typically used as the carrier gas for pulverized coal transport, but pulverized coal cannot burn in carbon dioxide. However, these modifications not only increase the assembly and maintenance difficulty of the water-cooling mechanism but also lead to uneven mixing of pulverized coal and oxygen, resulting in unsatisfactory pulverized coal combustion in the pre-combustion chamber. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a backfire prevention pre-combustion chamber structure for a pulverized coal gasifier, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a pre-combustion chamber structure for a pulverized coal gasifier to prevent backfire, comprising a pre-combustion chamber shell, wherein a plurality of burner mounting seats are provided on the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber shell; a plurality of burner assemblies are provided on the burner mounting seats, each burner assembly penetrating the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber shell and extending into the interior of the pre-combustion chamber shell; the burner assembly includes a central pulverized coal conveying unit, an oxidant conveying unit, and an inert gas conveying unit; the oxidant conveying unit and the inert gas conveying unit are coaxially sleeved outside the central pulverized coal conveying unit; the inert gas conveying unit is arranged in parallel and coaxially with the oxidant conveying unit, wherein the inert gas conveying unit is used to form an inert gas curtain at the outlet end of the central pulverized coal conveying unit.

[0006] Preferably, the burner mounting base is provided with an oxidant input pipe and an inert gas input pipe on both sides respectively; the oxidant delivery unit is connected to the oxygen storage tank through the oxidant input pipe, and the inert gas delivery unit is connected to the inert gas storage tank through the inert gas input pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the central pulverized coal conveying unit includes a distributor and multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes; the distributor is disposed within the burner mounting base, wherein the distributor inlet is connected to a pulverized coal input pipe; the distributor outlet is respectively connected to multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes; the multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the distributor for uniformly conveying pulverized coal.

[0008] Preferably, the oxidant delivery unit includes a first annular pipe and a plurality of oxidant branch pipes; the first annular pipe is disposed in the burner mounting base, and the first annular pipe is connected to the oxidant input pipe through a first connecting pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the plurality of oxidant branch pipes are evenly arranged circumferentially along the inner ring of the first annular pipe, with one end of each oxidant branch pipe connected to the first annular pipe and the other end extending to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe, and arranged in a ring around the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the inert gas delivery unit includes a second annular pipe and a plurality of inert gas branch pipes; the second annular pipe is disposed in the burner mounting base, and the second annular pipe is connected to the inert gas input pipe through a second connecting pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of inert gas branch pipes are evenly distributed circumferentially along the side of the second annular pipe, wherein the inert gas branch pipes and the oxidant branch pipes are arranged alternately; one end of the inert gas branch pipe is connected to the second annular pipe, and the other end extends to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe and is arranged in a ring around the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the burner assembly further includes a water-cooled jacket; one end of the water-cooled jacket is fixedly connected to the burner mounting base, and the other end of the water-cooled jacket penetrates the pre-combustion chamber shell; the water-cooled jacket is coaxially sleeved outside the oxidant branch pipe and the inert gas branch pipe, wherein a cooling water cavity is formed between the water-cooled jacket and the oxidant branch pipe and the inert gas branch pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the output end of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe is provided with a pulverized coal nozzle, the output end of the oxidant branch pipe is provided with an oxidant nozzle, and the output end of the inert gas branch pipe is provided with an inert gas nozzle; the pulverized coal nozzle, the oxidant nozzle, and the inert gas nozzle are respectively fixedly connected to the end of the water-cooled jacket.

[0014] Preferably, the burner mounting base has two sealing partitions along its length inside the cavity, wherein the sealing partitions are used to divide the inner cavity of the burner mounting base into a mounting cavity, a water inlet cavity, and a water return cavity; a water supply pipe is provided in the water inlet cavity, the water inlet end of the water supply pipe is connected to the water inlet cavity, and the water outlet end of the water supply pipe passes through the side wall of the burner mounting base and extends into the cooling water cavity inside the water-cooling jacket.

[0015] Preferably, the return water chamber is located near the water cooling jacket, and a plurality of return holes are provided on one end of the water cooling jacket and the side wall of the return water chamber, which are used to guide the cooling water in the cooling water chamber into the return water chamber.

[0016] Preferably, one end of the water inlet chamber is connected to a water inlet pipe, and one end of the water return chamber is provided with a water return pipe; the water inlet pipe and the water return pipe are respectively connected to the circulating water pump.

[0017] This invention provides an improved structure for the anti-backfire pre-combustion chamber of a pulverized coal gasifier, which, compared with the prior art, has the following improvements and advantages: This invention forms a stable "firewall" around the pulverized coal nozzle using an inert gas curtain, physically isolating the path for flame flashback and achieving an inherently safe flashback prevention mechanism, thus resolving the traditional contradiction between flame stabilization and flashback prevention. By employing a composite cooling structure with "branch pipe embedded in a water-cooled jacket," cooling water directly washes the cooling branch pipes and outer wall, resulting in extremely high heat exchange efficiency and ensuring the structural integrity and extended service life of the burner head under extreme high temperatures. Through independent control of the flow and pressure of the central pulverized coal, peripheral oxidant, and inert gas curtain, combustion conditions can be flexibly adjusted. For easily flashbacked coal types, the inert gas flow rate can be increased; for difficult-to-burn coal types, the oxidant swirl intensity can be enhanced, thereby achieving stable combustion across a wide range of coal types. The collaborative operation of multiple burner components and the oxidant swirl design create a strong and stable backflow zone in the center of the pre-combustion chamber, greatly improving ignition efficiency and combustion intensity, providing a stable and reliable high-temperature ignition source for the main combustion chamber of the gasifier. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the burner mounting base and the burner assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the burner mounting base of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the burner assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central pulverized coal conveying unit of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oxidant delivery unit of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inert gas delivery unit of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the water-cooling jacket and the return water cavity of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Pre-combustion chamber shell; 2. Burner mounting base; 3. Burner assembly; 301. Central pulverized coal conveying unit; 3011. Distributor; 3012. Pulverized coal conveying branch pipe; 3013. Pulverized coal input pipe; 302. Oxidant conveying unit; 3021. First annular through pipe; 3022. Oxidant branch pipe; 3023. First connecting pipe; 303. Inert gas conveying unit; 3031. Second annular through pipe; 3032. Inert gas branch pipe; 3033, Second connecting pipe; 304, Water cooling jacket; 4, Oxidant input pipe; 5, Inert gas input pipe; 6, Oxygen storage tank; 7, Inert gas storage tank; 8, Cooling water chamber; 9, Pulverized coal nozzle; 10, Oxidant nozzle; 11, Inert gas nozzle; 12, Sealing baffle; 13, Mounting chamber; 14, Water inlet chamber; 15, Water return chamber; 16, Water supply pipe; 17, Return hole; 18, Water inlet pipe; 19, Water return pipe; 20, Circulating water pump. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] This invention provides an improved structure for the anti-backfire pre-combustion chamber of a pulverized coal gasifier. The technical solution of this invention is as follows: Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 8 A backfire-proof pre-combustion chamber structure for a pulverized coal gasifier, comprising: A pre-combustion chamber structure for a pulverized coal gasifier with backfire prevention includes a pre-combustion chamber shell 1, on which multiple burner mounting seats 2 are provided on the outer wall of the pre-combustion chamber shell 1; multiple burner assemblies 3 are provided on the burner mounting seats 2, each burner assembly 3 penetrating the side wall of the pre-combustion chamber shell 1 and extending into the interior of the pre-combustion chamber shell 1; the burner assembly 3 includes a central pulverized coal conveying unit 301, an oxidant conveying unit 302, and an inert gas conveying unit 303; the oxidant conveying unit 302 and the inert gas conveying unit 303 are coaxially sleeved outside the central pulverized coal conveying unit 301; the inert gas conveying unit 303 is arranged in parallel and coaxially with the oxidant conveying unit 302, wherein the inert gas conveying unit 303 is used to form an inert gas curtain at the outlet end of the central pulverized coal conveying unit 301.

[0022] Pulverized coal and a small amount of carrier gas enter the central pulverized coal conveying unit 301 through the pulverized coal inlet pipe 3013. The distributor 3011 inside the central pulverized coal conveying unit 301 evenly distributes the pulverized coal gas flow into multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012, ensuring consistent flow rate and concentration in each branch pipe. High-pressure oxidant enters the first annular pipe 3021 of the oxidant conveying unit 302 through the oxidant inlet pipe 4, and is subsequently distributed to multiple surrounding oxidant branch pipes 3022. Inert gas enters the second annular pipe 3031 of the inert gas conveying unit 303 through the inert gas inlet pipe 5, and is similarly distributed to multiple surrounding inert gas branch pipes 3032. These inert gas branch pipes 3032 and the oxidant branch pipes... Pipes 3022 are arranged in an alternating pattern in space. During the entire transport process, the oxidant branch pipe 3022 and the inert gas branch pipe 3032 are both encased in a common water-cooling jacket 304. At the same time, cooling water enters the water inlet chamber 14 from the water inlet pipe 18, is transported to the front end of the water-cooling jacket 304 (the area closest to the high-temperature flame) through the water delivery pipe 16, and then flows in the reverse direction, carrying away a large amount of heat. Finally, it enters the return water chamber 15 through the return hole 17 and is discharged through the return water pipe 19, forming a highly efficient forced cooling circuit to protect the burner assembly 3 from being burned. Meanwhile, the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012 and the oxidant branch pipe 3022 are independent of each other, so that the pulverized coal cannot ignite in the corresponding pipes, further avoiding the generation of backfire.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown; the burner mounting base 2 is equipped with an oxidant input pipe 4 and an inert gas input pipe 5 on both sides respectively; the oxidant delivery unit 302 is connected to the oxygen storage tank 6 through the oxidant input pipe 4, and the inert gas delivery unit 303 is connected to the inert gas storage tank 7 through the inert gas input pipe 5; wherein the oxygen storage tank 6 uses a cryogenic liquid oxygen storage tank or a high-pressure oxygen cylinder group as the gas source, and the inert gas storage tank 7 uses a nitrogen storage tank as the gas source, thereby continuously and stably providing a medium that meets the pressure and purity requirements; the oxidant input pipe 4 and the inert gas input pipe 5 are designed on both sides of the burner mounting base 2, and this symmetrical or side-mounted layout is beneficial to the pipeline The on-site laying, installation, and maintenance avoid pipeline entanglement and interference, while also conforming to the layout of the internal chamber of the burner mounting base 2. The oxidant enters the first annular pipe 3021 inside the burner mounting base 2 through the oxidant inlet pipe 4, and the inert gas enters the second annular pipe 3031 inside the burner mounting base 2 through the inert gas inlet pipe 5. The first annular pipe 3021 and the second annular pipe 3031 respectively act as static distributors 3011, uniformly distributing the medium from a single pipe to multiple subsequent oxidant branch pipes 3022 and inert gas branch pipes 3032, preparing for the final convergence with pulverized coal at the nozzle.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown; the central pulverized coal conveying unit 301 includes a distributor 3011 and multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012; the distributor 3011 is disposed within the burner mounting base 2, wherein the inlet of the distributor 3011 is connected to a pulverized coal input pipe 3013; the outlet of the distributor 3011 is connected to multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012 respectively; the multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012 are evenly arranged around the distributor 3011 for uniformly conveying pulverized coal; by conveying a pulverized coal-carrier gas two-phase flow with a certain concentration and flow rate through the pulverized coal input pipe 3013 to the burner mounting base 2, the pulverized coal input pipe 3013 serves as the main inlet, collecting all the required pulverized coal and guiding it to the distributor 3011; the core function of the distributor 3011 is as a "traffic hub", which directs the pulverized coal flow from a single inlet according to a preset... The path is evenly divided into multiple pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012. These pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012 are arranged radially around the distributor 3011. Each pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012 carries an almost equal portion of the total pulverized coal and serves as an independent conveying channel. It passes through the burner mounting base 2 and is arranged in parallel with other oxidant branch pipes 3022 and inert gas branch pipes 3032, extending forward together. All pulverized coal conveying branch pipes 3012 eventually convey the pulverized coal to the pulverized coal nozzles 9. Each pulverized coal nozzle 9 can form a relatively independent, small-scale premixed combustion zone with the surrounding oxidant. Even if one or two of them burn poorly due to instantaneous fluctuations, the vast majority of other pulverized coal nozzles 9 can still maintain stable combustion, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent uniform and efficient mixing with the oxidant.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 6As shown; the oxidant delivery unit 302 includes a first annular pipe 3021 and multiple oxidant branch pipes 3022; the first annular pipe 3021 is disposed in the burner mounting base 2, and the first annular pipe 3021 is connected to the oxidant input pipe 4 through a first connecting pipe 3023; the multiple oxidant branch pipes 3022 are evenly arranged along the inner circumference of the first annular pipe 3021, one end of the oxidant branch pipe 3022 is connected to the first annular pipe 3021, and the other end extends to the outside of the pulverized coal delivery branch pipe 3012, and is arranged in a ring around the pulverized coal delivery branch pipe 3012; high-pressure oxygen is delivered through the first connecting pipe 3021. 23 is delivered to the first annular pipe 3021, which serves as a primary distributor 3011 and is installed inside the burner mounting base 2, forming an annular sealed pressure vessel. After oxygen enters the first annular pipe 3021, the airflow pressure is balanced due to the symmetry of the annular structure, and the entire annular cavity is filled evenly. Subsequently, oxygen is distributed from the inner ring of the annular pipe to multiple oxidant branch pipes 3022. The oxidant branch pipes 3022 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular pipe to ensure that the flow rate and pressure obtained by each oxidant branch pipe 3022 are basically consistent. After extending from the burner mounting base 2, 3022 extends to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012, and finally surrounds the central pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012 in a ring array. This layout establishes a "center-periphery" relationship in physical space: the center is the pulverized coal flow, and the periphery is the ring-shaped oxygen flow. All oxidizer branch pipes 3022 ultimately deliver oxygen to the oxidizer nozzle 10, where the oxidizer nozzle 10 can be set at a specific tangential angle so that the high-speed ejected oxygen is not directly injected, but generates a strong swirling flow that meets the pulverized coal ejected directly from the center, jointly completing the final mixing and combustion. Combustion preparation; when oxygen is ejected at high speed from multiple oxidant branch pipes 3022 surrounding the flame, its combined momentum generates a rotational torque around the central coal powder flow. The strong rotating airflow will form a low-pressure zone in the downstream central region. According to Bernoulli's principle, the high-pressure and high-temperature combustion products in the surrounding area will be drawn back into this low-pressure zone, thereby establishing a continuous high-temperature flue gas recirculation zone at the root of the flame. This recirculation zone continuously brings the already burned high-temperature products back to the mixture of fresh coal powder and oxygen, acting as a stable permanent ignition source, allowing the flame to remain stably there, greatly improving combustion stability.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 7As shown; the inert gas conveying unit 303 includes a second annular pipe 3031 and multiple inert gas branch pipes 3032; the second annular pipe 3031 is disposed in the burner mounting base 2, and the second annular pipe 3031 is connected to the inert gas input pipe 5 through a second connecting pipe 3033; the multiple inert gas branch pipes 3032 are evenly arranged circumferentially along the side of the second annular pipe 3031, wherein the inert gas branch pipes 3032 and the oxidant branch pipes 3022 are arranged alternately; one end of the inert gas branch pipe 3032 is connected to the second annular pipe 3031, and the other end extends to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012, and surrounds... The coal powder conveying branch pipe 3012 is arranged in a ring shape; inert gas flows in from the inert gas inlet pipe 5 and is conveyed to the second annular through pipe 3031 through the second connecting pipe 3033. The second annular through pipe 3031 serves as the distribution hub for the inert gas and is installed inside the burner mounting base 2 to ensure pressure balance. After the inert gas fills the second annular through pipe 3031, it is distributed from its side to multiple inert gas branch pipes 3032. These inert gas branch pipes 3032 are evenly distributed circumferentially, and the inert gas branch pipes 3032 and the oxidant branch pipes 3022 are arranged in an alternating manner in space; that is, from the horizontal... In cross-section, an oxidant branch pipe 3022 and an inert gas branch pipe 3032 alternately surround the central pulverized coal branch pipe. The inert gas branch pipe 3032 extends to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012 and is arranged in a ring. Together with the oxidant branch pipe 3022, the inert gas branch pipe 3032 forms a concentric annular channel surrounding the central pulverized coal flow. All the inert gas branch pipes 3032 deliver inert gas to the inert gas nozzle 11, so that the ejected inert gas forms a layer of inert gas covering the entire nozzle between the central pulverized coal flow and the peripheral oxidant flow. Gas curtain; this structure is the essence of achieving the "backfire prevention" function. Its principle is based on the precise control of combustion chemistry and fluid dynamics. The inert gas ejected from the annular array has a high velocity, forming a gas barrier. This barrier can effectively blow away the high-temperature burned gas or active free radicals that are trying to flow back from the main combustion zone, physically blocking the chain reaction of flame propagation. This gas barrier physically isolates the central pulverized coal flow from the peripheral oxidant flow in the near-nozzle area to a certain extent, delaying their initial mixing, thereby increasing the difficulty of ignition and "pushing" the flame stability point away from the more dangerous nozzle position.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 8As shown; the burner assembly 3 also includes a water-cooled jacket 304, one end of which is fixedly connected to the burner mounting base 2, and the other end of which penetrates the pre-combustion chamber shell 1; the water-cooled jacket 304 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the oxidizer branch pipe 3022 and the inert gas branch pipe 3032, wherein a cooling water cavity 8 is formed between the water-cooled jacket 304 and the oxidizer branch pipe 3022 and the inert gas branch pipe 3032; the water-cooled jacket 304 is designed as a cylindrical sleeve structure, one end of which is fixedly connected to the burner mounting base 2 for mechanical support; the other end serves as the "barrel" of the burner, directly penetrating the pre-combustion chamber shell 1 and extending into the high-temperature combustion zone; its core function is to be coaxially sleeved on all the oxidizer branch pipes 3022 and the inert gas branch pipe 3032. The exterior of the gas branch pipe 3032 means that the water-cooling jacket 304 wraps and protects all the scattered and fragile branch pipes in a unified and robust sleeve. The annular space between the inner wall of the water-cooling jacket 304 and the outer wall of the multiple oxidant branch pipes 3022 and inert gas branch pipes 3032 inside forms a continuous cooling water chamber 8, which is the channel for cooling water flow and heat exchange. When cooling water flows into the cooling water chamber 8 from the inlet at the burner mounting base 2, since the other end of the water-cooling jacket 304 is closed, the cooling water flows axially towards the front end of the burner in the cooling water chamber 8. During the process of flowing through the entire length of the water-cooling jacket 304, the cooling water continuously and in large quantities absorbs the heat transferred from the pre-combustion chamber through radiation and convection.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figures 4 to 7 As shown; the output end of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012 is equipped with a pulverized coal nozzle 9, the output end of the oxidant branch pipe 3022 is equipped with an oxidant nozzle 10, and the output end of the inert gas branch pipe 3032 is equipped with an inert gas nozzle 11. The pulverized coal nozzle 9, oxidant nozzle 10, and inert gas nozzle 11 are fixedly connected to the end of the water-cooled jacket 304. The pulverized coal nozzle 9 is installed at the end of each pulverized coal conveying branch pipe 3012, serving as a central nozzle responsible for spraying the evenly distributed pulverized coal in a specific shape. The oxidant nozzle 10 is installed at the end of each oxidant branch pipe 3022, responsible for spraying the oxidant in a specific shape. The inert gas is ejected at different angles and speeds. The inert gas nozzle 11 is installed at the end of each inert gas branch pipe 3032. Its task is to precisely guide the inert gas to form a covering air curtain. All three types of nozzles are fixedly connected to the end of the water cooling jacket 304, so that the end plate of the water cooling jacket 304 serves as a common mounting flange, accurately positioning all nozzles in the preset relative positions. Through the fixed connection with the end of the water cooling jacket 304, these nozzles can directly and efficiently transfer the huge amount of heat absorbed to the water cooling jacket 304, which is then carried away by the internal cooling water circulation, ensuring that they will not burn out due to overheating.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown; the burner mounting base 2 has two sealing partitions 12 along its length inside the cavity, which divide the cavity into a mounting cavity 13, a water inlet cavity 14, and a water return cavity 15; a water inlet pipe 16 is provided in the water inlet cavity 14, with the inlet end of the water inlet pipe 16 connected to the water inlet cavity 14, and the outlet end of the water inlet pipe 16 penetrating through the side wall of the burner mounting base 2 and extending into the cooling water cavity 8 inside the water cooling jacket 304; the water return cavity 15 is located near the side of the water cooling jacket 304, and multiple return holes 17 are provided on one end of the pipe wall of the water cooling jacket 304 and the side wall of the water return cavity 15, which are used to return the cooled water to the cooling water cavity 8. Cooling water in the cooling water chamber 8 is introduced into the return water chamber 15. Two sealing baffles 12 are installed along the length of the burner mounting base 2's inner cavity, acting like internal walls, precisely dividing the originally unified inner cavity into three independent chambers with different functions. The mounting cavity 13 is used to house and fix core components such as the pulverized coal distributor 3011, the first annular pipe 3021, and the second annular pipe 3031, and is the distribution center for the gaseous medium. The inlet water chamber 14 receives low-temperature cooling water from the external circulating water pump 20, and the return water chamber 15 collects high-temperature cooling water returning from the water-cooled jacket 304. Low-temperature cooling water enters from the outside through the inlet water chamber. Pipe 18 first enters the water inlet chamber 14. Inside the water inlet chamber 14, there is a water supply pipe 16. The inlet end of the water supply pipe 16 opens into the water inlet chamber 14, directly drawing in low-temperature water. The water supply pipe 16 penetrates the side wall of the burner mounting base 2, and its outlet end extends forward, directly penetrating to the very front end of the cooling water chamber 8 inside the water-cooling jacket 304 (i.e., the head region closest to the high-temperature flame). Cooling water is sprayed out from the outlet end of the water supply pipe 16 and enters the cooling water chamber 8 at the front end of the water-cooling jacket 304. At this time, the low-temperature water begins to absorb the huge amount of heat transferred from the wall of the water-cooling jacket 304, and its temperature gradually rises. Driven by the subsequent water flow, the heated water... Cooling water flows along the annular cooling water cavity 8 between the water-cooled jacket 304 and the internal branch pipe towards the return water cavity 15. Multiple return holes 17 are opened on the pipe wall of the water-cooled jacket 304 near the return water cavity 15 and on the corresponding side wall of the return water cavity 15. The holes on these two components are aligned to form a connecting channel. When the high-temperature cooling water that has completed heat exchange in the cooling water cavity 8 reaches this position, it smoothly enters the return water cavity 15 from the cooling water cavity 8 through these return holes 17. Finally, the high-temperature cooling water that has gathered in the return water cavity 15 is discharged from the burner mounting base 2 through the return water pipe 19 and sent to the external heat exchange equipment for cooling, completing one cycle.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention may be further configured as follows: Figure 2As shown; one end of the water inlet chamber 14 is connected to the water inlet pipe 18, and one end of the water return chamber 15 is provided with the water return pipe 19, wherein the water inlet pipe 18 and the water return pipe 19 are respectively connected to the circulating water pump 20; the circulating water pump 20 provides power for the flow of cooling water in the entire circuit. Low-temperature cooling water is discharged from the outlet of the water pump and is forced into the water inlet chamber 14 of the burner mounting base 2 through the water inlet pipe 18, so that the cooling water flows through the entire burner assembly 3; in this process, the cooling water absorbs a large amount of heat transferred from the high-temperature area of ​​the pre-combustion chamber, and its own temperature rises significantly, from "low-temperature cooling water" to "high-temperature cooling water". The "cooling water" is transformed into "high-temperature cooling water". The high-temperature cooling water carrying a huge amount of heat energy is discharged from the return water chamber 15 through the return water pipe 19. The return water pipe 19 transports the high-temperature water to the external heat exchange equipment for heat exchange. The high-temperature cooling water is cooled and turns back into "low-temperature cooling water". The cooled water is sucked in again by the circulating water pump 20 to complete a closed cycle. This process is continuous. As long as the pre-combustion chamber is running, the circulating water pump 20 is working to ensure that there is always cooling water with a sufficiently low temperature being sent to the burner head that needs cooling the most, thereby maintaining the overall thermal balance.

Claims

1. An anti-backfire precombustion chamber structure of a pulverized coal gasifier, comprising a precombustion chamber shell (1), characterized in that, The precombustion chamber shell (1) is provided with a plurality of burner mounting seats (2) on the outer side wall; the burner mounting seat (2) is provided with a plurality of burner assemblies (3), each of which penetrates the side wall of the precombustion chamber shell (1) and extends to the inside of the precombustion chamber shell (1); the burner assembly (3) comprises a central pulverized coal conveying unit (301), an oxidant conveying unit (302) and an inert gas conveying unit (303); the oxidant conveying unit (302) and the inert gas conveying unit (303) are coaxially sleeved outside the central pulverized coal conveying unit (301); the inert gas conveying unit (303) is arranged in parallel and coaxially with the oxidant conveying unit (302), wherein the inert gas conveying unit (303) is used to form an inert gas gas curtain at the outlet end of the central pulverized coal conveying unit (301).

2. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein The burner mounting seat (2) is respectively provided with an oxidant input pipe (4) and an inert gas input pipe (5) on both sides; the oxidant conveying unit (302) is communicated with the oxygen storage tank (6) through the oxidant input pipe (4), and the inert gas conveying unit (303) is communicated with the inert gas storage tank (7) through the inert gas input pipe (5).

3. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein The central pulverized coal conveying unit (301) comprises a distributor (3011) and a plurality of pulverized coal conveying branch pipes (3012); the distributor (3011) is arranged in the burner mounting seat (2), wherein the inlet of the distributor (3011) is connected with a pulverized coal input pipe (3013); the outlet of the distributor (3011) is communicated with a plurality of pulverized coal conveying branch pipes (3012); the plurality of pulverized coal conveying branch pipes (3012) are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the distributor (3011) for uniform conveying of pulverized coal.

4. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein The oxidant conveying unit (302) comprises a first annular pipe (3021) and a plurality of oxidant branch pipes (3022); the first annular pipe (3021) is arranged in the burner mounting seat (2), and the first annular pipe (3021) is communicated with the oxidant input pipe (4) through a first connecting pipe (3023).

5. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 4, wherein The plurality of oxidant branch pipes (3022) are uniformly arranged along the inner circle of the first annular pipe (3021) in a circumferential direction, one end of the oxidant branch pipe (3022) is communicated with the first annular pipe (3021), and the other end extends to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe (3012) and is arranged in a ring shape around the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe (3012).

6. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein The inert gas conveying unit (303) comprises a second annular pipe (3031) and a plurality of inert gas branch pipes (3032); the second annular pipe (3031) is arranged in the burner mounting seat (2), and the second annular pipe (3031) is communicated with the inert gas input pipe (5) through a second connecting pipe (3033).

7. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 6, wherein The plurality of inert gas branch pipes (3032) are uniformly arranged along the side of the second annular pipe (3031) in the circumferential direction, wherein the inert gas branch pipes (3032) are staggered with the oxidant branch pipes (3022); one end of the inert gas branch pipes (3032) is in communication with the second annular pipe (3031), and the other end extends to the outside of the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe (3012) and is arranged in an annular shape around the pulverized coal conveying branch pipe (3012).

8. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 1, wherein The burner assembly (3) further comprises a water cooling jacket (304); one end of the water cooling jacket (304) is fixedly connected with the burner mounting seat (2), wherein the other end of the water cooling jacket (304) penetrates the pre-chamber housing (1); the water cooling jacket (304) is coaxially sleeved outside the oxidant branch pipe (3022) and the inert gas branch pipe (3032), wherein a cooling water cavity (8) is formed between the water cooling jacket (304) and the oxidant branch pipe (3022) and the inert gas branch pipe (3032).

9. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 8, wherein Two sealing partitions (12) are arranged in the length direction of the inner cavity of the burner mounting seat (2), wherein the sealing partitions (12) are used to divide the inner cavity of the burner mounting seat (2) into a mounting cavity (13), a water inlet cavity (14) and a water return cavity (15); a water conveying pipe (16) is arranged in the water inlet cavity (14), wherein the water inlet end of the water conveying pipe (16) is in communication with the water inlet cavity (14), and the water outlet end of the water conveying pipe (16) penetrates the side wall of the burner mounting seat (2) and extends into the cooling water cavity (8) inside the water cooling jacket (304).

10. The anti-backfire pre-chamber structure of a coal gasifier according to claim 9, wherein The water return cavity (15) is arranged on the side close to the water cooling jacket, a plurality of return holes (17) are arranged on the pipe wall of one end of the water cooling jacket and the side wall of the water return cavity (15) and are in communication with the water return cavity (15) and the cooling water cavity (8), which are used to guide the cooling water in the cooling water cavity (8) into the water return cavity (15).

Images