A compressed air energy storage - vortex tube control system and method based on step phase change

Abstract

The disclosure provides a compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system and method based on step phase change, relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and comprises a two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body, a two-stage step phase change capsule packed bed-heat pipe cooperative heat storage device and a vortex tube system.The two-stage step phase change capsule packed bed-heat pipe cooperative heat storage device comprises a first step phase change capsule packed bed-heat pipe cooperative heat storage device and a second step phase change capsule packed bed-heat pipe cooperative heat storage device.In the working control process, the operation mode is judged according to the control signal, and the two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body, the two-stage step phase change capsule packed bed-heat pipe cooperative heat storage device and the vortex tube system are controlled to realize the process of compressed air energy storage or compressed air energy release according to the determined working operation mode.The disclosure greatly improves the energy storage density and comprehensive efficiency of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, specifically to a compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system and method based on cascade phase change. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information relating to this disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] To reduce carbon dioxide emissions and expand the application of renewable energy, compressed air energy storage, as a typical mechanical energy storage method, has become one of the most feasible energy storage technologies due to its advantages such as large scale, mature technology, and high reliability.

[0004] A typical compressed air energy storage system mainly includes processes such as compression, air storage, heating, expansion, and cooling. During the compression stage, the compressed air releases a large amount of heat energy. If this heat is not effectively recovered and is directly released into the environment, it will cause significant energy loss, thereby reducing the overall system efficiency. Currently, a common method for managing compression heat is to install a heat storage system, using a heat exchanger to store the heat generated during compression in a heat storage medium. During the expansion and power generation stage, to ensure power generation efficiency and output power, the high-pressure air needs to be heated. At this time, the pre-stored heat energy in the heat storage system can be released through the heat exchanger to heat the air entering the expander, thereby efficiently driving the generator set to perform work, achieving cascaded energy utilization and improving system efficiency.

[0005] For compressed air energy storage systems, their efficiency directly determines the effectiveness of their large-scale commercial application. Existing compressed air energy storage systems still have the following limitations:

[0006] (1) Traditional compressed air energy storage systems require the combustion of natural gas to heat the air before expansion. Due to the complete discarding or failure to fully recover and utilize the huge amount of heat generated during the compression process, the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system is low, and the system efficiency (electric-electric efficiency) can only reach about 40%-50%, which wastes fuel and generates carbon emissions.

[0007] (2) To overcome the drawbacks of afterburning systems, non-afterburning compressed air energy storage technology has emerged. Its core lies in recovering and reusing the heat of compression through an internal heat storage system, thereby avoiding the use of external fuel. In the actual engineering process of this technology, in order to achieve efficient exchange between the heat of compression and the cold energy before expansion, the system needs to be equipped with multi-stage, high-flow-rate indirect heat exchangers. Under frequent and rapid charge and discharge cycles, existing heat exchangers are often limited by factors such as heat transfer temperature difference design, flow channel layout, or material thermal inertia. They suffer from problems such as sluggish dynamic response and decreased heat exchange efficiency with fluctuations in operating conditions. It is difficult to achieve rapid and accurate energy matching during transient processes such as system startup and load changes, which directly affects the further improvement of the system's response speed and overall efficiency.

[0008] (3) In order to store a huge amount of compressed heat to meet the long-term, high-power power generation needs, the volume and mass of the thermal storage device are often very large, resulting in high initial construction costs. It also puts forward extremely high requirements on the thermal insulation performance, structural strength and system integration design of the thermal storage container, which has become a key bottleneck restricting the development of non-combustion compressed air power stations towards compactness, modularity and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, this disclosure proposes a vortex tube control system and method for compressed air energy storage based on cascaded phase change. By coupling a cascaded phase change capsule bed with a heat pipe, it achieves graded, efficient, and high-density storage of compressed heat. Combined with the isothermal heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipe, it enables high-speed response and minimal heat transfer temperature difference in the heat storage / release process, thereby significantly reducing irreversible losses in the entire energy storage process and ultimately greatly improving the system's energy storage density and overall efficiency.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] The compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on cascade phase change includes a two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body, a two-stage cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, and a vortex tube system.

[0012] The two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system includes a first-stage compressor, a second-stage compressor, a first-stage expander, and a second-stage expander. The two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device includes a first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and a second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. The vortex tube system includes a vortex tube body, a matching phase change capsule bed, and control valves.

[0013] During the operation control process, the operating mode is determined based on the control signal. Based on the determined operating mode, the two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body, the two-stage cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the vortex tube system are controlled to achieve the process of compressed air energy storage or compressed air energy release through synergistic coupling.

[0014] Furthermore, the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device have the same structure. Each stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device includes two heat pipe mechanisms and one stage phase change capsule bed. When the total energy storage demand of the compressed air energy storage system is small or only provides air source for the vortex tube, only the heat pipe mechanism plays a role in the two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. When the total energy storage demand of the compressed air energy storage system is large, both the heat pipe and the stage phase change capsule bed play a role in the two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device.

[0015] Furthermore, the stepped phase change capsule stacking bed has a U-shaped tube structure, which is divided into three different phase change capsules by perforated plates. The three different phase change capsules have different temperature adaptability ranges.

[0016] The heat pipe mechanism includes a first heat pipe mechanism and a second heat pipe mechanism. Each heat pipe structure includes an evaporation section, an adiabatic section, and a condensation section, which are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed. The heat exchange tanks of the condensation sections of the two heat pipe mechanisms are filled with phase change capsules. The condensation section of the first heat pipe mechanism is filled with high-temperature phase change capsules, and the condensation section of the second heat pipe mechanism is filled with low-temperature phase change capsules.

[0017] Furthermore, the two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system also includes a generator, a first-stage compressor drive motor, a second-stage compressor drive motor, an air storage tank, an air storage tank outlet solenoid valve, and an air storage tank inlet solenoid valve.

[0018] In the compressed air energy storage process, the air first enters the first-stage compressor. After being compressed and heated and pressurized, the air enters the two-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. After being cooled by the cooling circuit in the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, it enters the second-stage compressor. After being compressed by the second compressor and cooled by the cooling circuit in the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, it enters the air storage chamber or is supplied to the vortex tube system.

[0019] During the compressed air energy release process, after the compressed air is released from the storage tank, it is heated by the heating circuit of the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and then enters the first-stage expander to expand and do work. After the expansion and work is completed in the first-stage expander, it enters the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device for heating and then enters the second-stage expander to complete the entire expansion and work process.

[0020] Furthermore, the vortex tube body is connected to the gas storage tank and also to the air pipeline after being compressed by the first-stage compressor and cooled by the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. When there is sufficient gas in the gas storage tank, the gas storage tank supplies compressed air to the vortex tube body; when there is insufficient gas in the gas storage tank, the compressor compresses and cools the air before supplying compressed air to the vortex tube body; the vortex tube body simultaneously generates cold air and hot air.

[0021] Furthermore, both the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device have five working modes: staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode, staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode, heat pipe independent cooling mode, heat pipe independent heating mode, and staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matched phase change capsule stacked bed synergistic heating mode.

[0022] Furthermore, the operating modes of the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system include the compressed air energy storage system standalone operating mode, the compressed air energy storage system energy storage-vortex tube combined operating mode, the compressed air energy storage system energy release-vortex tube combined operating mode, and the vortex tube standalone operating mode. The compressed air energy storage system standalone operating mode includes the compressed air energy storage process and the compressed air energy release process.

[0023] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:

[0024] The control method for compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change includes:

[0025] Based on the control signal, the operating mode is determined first: the compressed air energy storage system operates alone, the compressed air energy storage system operates in conjunction with the energy storage and vortex tube, the compressed air energy storage system operates in conjunction with the energy release and vortex tube, or the vortex tube operates alone.

[0026] Based on the results of the operation mode determination, the specific work process that needs to be executed is then determined.

[0027] Furthermore, if the machining center has no machining task, it is determined to be in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system, and then the specific working process is judged to determine whether it is a compressed air energy storage process or an expansion energy release process.

[0028] If it is in a period of surplus renewable energy generation or a period of low electricity demand in the power grid, it is determined to be a compressed air energy storage process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. The first-stage compressor drive motor and the second-stage compressor drive motor are started. The first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operate in the stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode. After the air is compressed in two stages and cooled by the stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, it enters the gas storage tank to complete the gas storage process.

[0029] If there is an external power demand, it is determined to be an expansion and energy release process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. The gas outlet solenoid valve of the gas storage tank is opened, and the gas storage tank flow regulating valve adjusts the opening degree according to the energy release load demand. Then, the working mode of the cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device is determined according to the energy release load demand and the temperature of the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed.

[0030] Furthermore, the process for determining the operating mode of the two-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic thermal storage device during the expansion and energy release process includes:

[0031] If the required energy release load is less than or equal to 20% of the total energy release load of the compressed air energy storage system, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operate in heat pipe-only heating mode; if the required energy release load is greater than 20% of the total energy release load of the compressed air energy storage system, the temperatures inside the vortex tube-matched phase change capsule bed and the low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank are compared. If the temperature of the vortex tube-matched phase change capsule bed is higher than the temperature inside the low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in heat pipe-only heating mode. The phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in a tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matching phase change capsule bed synergistic heating mode. The first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in a tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode. If the temperature of the vortex tube matching phase change capsule bed does not meet the above conditions, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device both operate in a tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows:

[0033] The disclosed compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on cascade phase change achieves graded, efficient, and high-density storage of compressed heat through a cascade phase change capsule stacking bed. Combined with the excellent isothermal heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipe, it realizes high-speed response and minimal heat transfer temperature difference in the heat storage / release process, thereby significantly reducing irreversible losses in the entire energy storage process and ultimately greatly improving the energy storage density and overall efficiency of the system.

[0034] This disclosed compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change reduces system costs by coupling with vortex tubes and further utilizes the energy of the hot air generated by the vortex tubes, thereby improving system efficiency. The synergistic operation of the stepped phase change capsule bed and heat pipes constitutes a heat exchange system with rapid response, low thermal inertia, and stable performance. The introduction of vortex tubes enhances the flexibility and adaptability of system operation, better matching diverse application scenarios.

[0035] The core advantage of the two-stage compression-expansion and heat storage / release architecture of the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system disclosed herein lies in its significantly improved overall system performance. This design significantly reduces irreversible losses by processing energy in stages. The architecture achieves tiered and high-density energy storage. The first and second stage heat storage devices correspond to medium-low temperature and high-temperature heat, respectively, allowing the use of materials with different phase change temperatures. Each material operates at its optimal phase change point, maximizing the utilization of latent heat, and significantly improving the energy storage density compared to single-material or sensible heat storage. The system's flexibility and controllability are significantly enhanced. The two-stage structure provides more control methods and supports efficient operation under partial load.

[0036] The control method of the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on cascade phase change disclosed herein achieves precise and adaptive judgment of operating modes. The control strategy can make decisions based on multiple conditions. By comparing the temperatures of different heat storage units in real time, the system can dynamically schedule the energy flow to achieve "peak shaving and valley filling" and coordinated utilization across modules. This architecture enhances the system's interaction with the external environment. The system supports seamless switching between multiple operating modes such as energy storage alone and energy release-vortex tube combined, making it a comprehensive energy system that can flexibly respond to the needs of different scenarios, and significantly improving the stability and economy of system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of this disclosure. The illustrative embodiments of this disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain this disclosure and do not constitute an undue limitation of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0040] Among them, 101, first-stage compressor drive motor; 102, first-stage compressor; 103, first-stage phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device; 104, vortex tube inlet solenoid valve one; 105, vortex tube inlet pressure regulating valve one; 106, second-stage compressor inlet valve; 107, second-stage compressor drive motor; 108, second-stage compressor; 109, second-stage phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device; 110, gas storage tank; 111, vortex tube inlet solenoid valve two; 112, vortex tube inlet flow regulating valve one; 113, vortex tube inlet pressure regulating valve two; 114, gas storage tank outlet solenoid valve; 115, gas storage tank inlet solenoid valve; 116, vortex tube inlet flow regulating valve. 117. Gas tank flow regulating valve; 118. Vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed inlet solenoid valve one; 119. Vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed outlet solenoid valve two; 120. Vortex tube compressed air inlet; 121. Vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve one; 122. Vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve two; 123. Vortex tube hot air outlet; 124. Vortex tube body; 125. Vortex tube cold air outlet; 126. Vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed; 127. Vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed inlet solenoid valve two; 128. Vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed outlet solenoid valve one; 129. Second stage expander; 130. First stage expander; 131. Generator.

[0041] exist Figure 2The components are as follows: 201, High-temperature heat pipe; 202, High-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank outlet; 203, High-temperature heat pipe evaporator section heat exchange tank; 204, High-temperature heat pipe evaporator section heat exchange tank inlet; 205, Low-temperature heat pipe evaporator section heat exchange tank outlet; 206, Low-temperature heat pipe evaporator section heat exchange tank; 207, Low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank inlet; 208, Low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank; 209, Low-temperature phase change capsule; 210, Low-temperature heat pipe; 2 11. Low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank outlet; 212. Low-temperature heat pipe evaporating section heat exchange tank inlet; 213. Low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank outlet valve one; 214. Low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank outlet valve two; 215. Cascade phase change capsule bed expansion process inlet; 216. Medium-low temperature phase change capsule support perforated plate two; 217. Medium-low temperature phase change capsule bed; 218. Medium-low temperature phase change capsule support perforated plate one; 219. Medium-temperature phase change capsule support... 220. Perforated plate 2; 221. Medium-temperature phase change capsule stacked bed; 222. High-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet; 223. High-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet solenoid valve; 224. High-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank passage solenoid valve; 225. Low-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet solenoid valve; 226. Cascade phase change capsule stacked bed compression process outlet; 227. Medium-temperature phase change capsule support perforated plate 1; 228. Medium-high temperature phase change capsule support perforated plate 2; 22 8. Medium- and high-temperature phase change capsule stacked bed; 229. Medium- and high-temperature phase change capsule support orifice plate one; 230. Gas outlet during expansion process of stepped phase change capsule stacked bed; 231. Gas inlet during compression process of stepped phase change capsule stacked bed; 232. Gas inlet valve one of heat exchange tank in high-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 233. Gas inlet valve two of heat exchange tank in high-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 234. Gas inlet of heat exchange tank in high-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 235. Heat exchange tank in high-temperature heat pipe condensation section; 236. High-temperature phase change capsule. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0044] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this disclosure. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change disclosed herein, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body, a two-stage cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, and a vortex tube system.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system includes a first-stage compressor drive motor 101, a first-stage compressor 102, a second-stage compressor drive motor 107, a second-stage compressor 108, an air storage tank 110, a first-stage expander 130, a second-stage expander 129, a generator 131, an air storage tank outlet solenoid valve 114, and an air storage tank inlet solenoid valve 115.

[0048] The two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device includes a first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103 and a second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109. The first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103 and the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 have the same structure. Both have five working modes: phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode, phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode, heat pipe independent cooling mode, heat pipe independent heating mode, and phase change capsule bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matching phase change capsule bed synergistic heating mode.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, each staged phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device includes two heat pipe mechanisms and one staged phase change capsule bed. The two heat pipe mechanisms are a first heat pipe mechanism and a second heat pipe mechanism. The function of the staged phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device is to cool the compressed air during compressed air energy storage and to heat the air during expansion and energy release. When the total energy storage demand of the compressed air energy storage system is small or only provides air source for the vortex tube, only the heat pipe mechanism plays a role in the staged phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device; when the total energy storage demand of the compressed air energy storage system is large, both the heat pipe mechanism and the staged phase change capsule bed play a role in the staged phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, the stepped phase change capsule stacking bed has a U-shaped tube structure. The U-shaped tube structure is divided into three different phase change capsule stacking beds by perforated plates: a medium-high temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 228, a medium temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 220, and a medium-low temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 217. Within the U-shaped tube structure, there are three support perforated plates: a second low-temperature phase change capsule (216), a first low-temperature phase change capsule (218), a second medium-temperature phase change capsule (219), a first medium-temperature phase change capsule (226), a second medium-high temperature phase change capsule (227), and a first medium-high temperature phase change capsule (229). The second low-temperature phase change capsule support plates 216 and 218 isolate the storage space for the low-temperature phase change capsules; the second medium-temperature phase change capsule support plates 219 and 226 isolate the storage space for the medium-temperature phase change capsules; and the second medium-high temperature phase change capsule support plates 227 and 229 isolate the storage space for the medium-high temperature phase change capsules. The three different phase change capsules have different temperature adaptability ranges. Among them, the medium-high temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 228 uses mannitol as the core material and alumina as the shell material to cool compressed air at about 200°C to about 160°C; the medium temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 220 uses erythritol as the core material and alumina as the shell material to cool compressed air at about 160°C to about 121°C; the medium-low temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 217 can use paraffin wax with a melting point of 100°C as the core material and aluminum as the shell material to cool compressed air at 121°C to about 90°C.

[0051] The heat pipe mechanism includes a first heat pipe mechanism and a second heat pipe mechanism. The first heat pipe mechanism includes a high-temperature heat pipe 201, a high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 235, and a high-temperature heat pipe evaporating section heat exchange tank 203. Its function is to allow the compressed high-temperature air to first enter the high-temperature heat pipe for cooling, which is the first step in cooling the compressed air. The second heat pipe mechanism includes a low-temperature heat pipe 210, a low-temperature heat pipe evaporating section heat exchange tank 206, and a low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 208. Its function is to complete the final step in cooling the compressed air. Each heat pipe mechanism includes an evaporating section, an adiabatic section, and a condensing section, which are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the stepped phase change capsule bed. The condensing section heat exchange tanks of the two heat pipe mechanisms are filled with phase change capsules. The condensing section of the first heat pipe mechanism is filled with a high-temperature phase change capsule 236, and the condensing section of the second heat pipe mechanism is filled with a low-temperature phase change capsule 209.

[0052] In one embodiment, during compressed air energy storage, air first enters the first-stage compressor 102. After compression, the air, heated and pressurized, enters a two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. After being cooled by the cooling circuit in the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103, it enters the second-stage compressor 108. After being compressed by the second-stage compressor 108 and cooled by the cooling circuit in the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109, it enters the air storage tank 110 or is supplied to the vortex tube system. During compressed air energy release, compressed air released from the air storage tank 110 is heated by the heating circuit of the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 and first enters the first-stage expander 130 to expand and perform work. After expanding and performing work in the first-stage expander 130, it enters the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103 for heating and then enters the second-stage expander 129, completing the entire expansion and work process. The system uses a high compression ratio compressor, and the compressed air temperature is greater than 200℃.

[0053] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vortex tube system includes a vortex tube body 124, a vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule stacking bed 126, and control valves. The vortex tube body 124 is connected to a gas storage tank 110 and an air pipe that has been compressed by a first-stage compressor 102 and cooled by a cascaded phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. When the gas storage tank 110 has sufficient gas, it supplies compressed air to the vortex tube; when the gas storage tank 110 has insufficient gas, it supplies compressed air to the vortex tube after compression and cooling.

[0054] The vortex tube body 124 can simultaneously generate cold air and hot air. The cold air can be directly supplied to the matching machining center for cooling the cutting tools. The hot air is introduced into the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed 126. The phase change capsule core material in the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed 126 is paraffin wax with a melting point of 80°C-90°C, and the shell material is stainless steel. The hot air is discharged into the atmosphere after waste heat recovery through the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed 126.

[0055] As one embodiment, the operating modes of the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system disclosed herein include a compressed air energy storage system standalone operating mode, a compressed air energy storage system-vortex tube combined operating mode, a compressed air energy storage system-vortex tube combined operating mode, and a vortex tube standalone operating mode. The compressed air energy storage system standalone operating mode includes the compressed air energy storage process and the compressed air energy release process. Specifically, the specific working process under each operating mode is as follows:

[0056] (1) When the system is operating in the compressed air energy storage process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system, the first-stage compressor drive motor 101 and the second-stage compressor drive motor 107 are started, and the first-stage compressor 102 and the second-stage compressor 108 start working. The vortex tube inlet solenoid valve 104 and the air tank outlet solenoid valve 114 are closed, and the second-stage compressor inlet valve 106 and the air tank inlet solenoid valve 115 are opened. After being pressurized once by the first-stage compressor 102, the air enters the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device 103 for cooling and then enters the second-stage compressor 108 for secondary compression. After being cooled by the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device 109, the air enters the air tank 110. At this time, the stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device (first stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103, second stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109) operates in the stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode.

[0057] (2) During the compressed air energy release process in the standalone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system, the gas outlet solenoid valve 114 of the gas storage tank is opened, and compressed air flows out from the gas storage tank 110. The flow rate is regulated by the gas storage tank flow regulating valve 117. After being heated by the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 or by the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 and the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed 126, it enters the first-stage expander 130 to expand and do work. After being heated by the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103, it enters the second-stage expander 129 to expand and do work before being discharged into the atmosphere. The first-stage expander 130 and the second-stage expander 129 are coaxially arranged and can both drive the generator 131 to generate electricity. At this time, the cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in the cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode, the cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed synergistic heating mode, or the heat pipe independent heating mode.

[0058] (3) When the system is operating in the compressed air energy storage system energy storage-vortex tube joint operation mode, the first-stage compressor drive motor 101 and the second-stage compressor drive motor 107 are started, and the first-stage compressor 102 and the second-stage compressor 108 start working. The gas tank outlet solenoid valve 114 is closed, and the vortex tube inlet solenoid valve 104, the second-stage compressor inlet valve 106 and the gas tank inlet solenoid valve 115 are opened. After the air is pressurized once by the first-stage compressor 102, it enters the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device 103 for cooling. Most of the air enters the second-stage compressor 108 and completes the subsequent gas storage process. A small part passes through the vortex tube inlet solenoid valve 104 and is pressure regulated by the vortex tube inlet pressure regulating valve 105. After the flow rate is regulated by the vortex tube inlet flow regulating valve 112, it enters the vortex tube body 124 through the vortex tube compressed air inlet 120. At this time, the stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device (first stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103, second stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109) operates in the stepped phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode.

[0059] (4) When the system operates in the combined operation mode of compressed air energy storage system release-vortex tube, the compressed air energy storage system operates in the release mode. The vortex tube inlet solenoid valve 111 is opened. After the compressed air is regulated by the vortex tube inlet pressure regulating valve 113 and the flow rate regulated by the vortex tube inlet flow regulating valve 116, it enters the vortex tube body 124 through the vortex tube compressed air inlet 120. The vortex tube separates the compressed air into cold air and hot air. The cold air is supplied to the matching machining center through the vortex tube cold air outlet 125 for cooling the cutting tools. If the temperature of the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed 126 is more than 10°C higher than the temperature inside the low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank 208, the following valves will open: vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed inlet solenoid valve 118, vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed outlet solenoid valve 128, and vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve 121. Meanwhile, the following valves will close: vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve 122, vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed inlet solenoid valve 127, and vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed outlet solenoid valve 119. Hot air will then flow out through the vortex tube hot air outlet 123 and then through the vortex tube hot air outlet... Solenoid valve 121 discharges into the atmosphere; while the compressed air flowing out through the gas storage tank outlet solenoid valve 114 is heated by the low-temperature heat pipe condensation section heat exchange tank 208 in the second-stage phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109, and then flows into the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed 126 for heating through the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed inlet solenoid valve 118, and then flows into the second-stage phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 through the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed outlet solenoid valve 128, and then flows into the second-stage phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 stage phase change capsule stacking bed expansion process inlet 215, completing the subsequent heating and expansion process. If the temperature of the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed 126 is lower than the temperature inside the low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank 208 or is less than 10°C higher than the temperature inside the low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank 208, the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed inlet solenoid valve 118 and the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed outlet solenoid valve 128 will be closed. The compressed air flowing out of the air storage tank 110 and whose flow rate is regulated by the air storage tank flow regulating valve 117 will only be heated by the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109 and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103, and will not flow through the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed 126. At this time, the tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device will operate in tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode, tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe-vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed synergistic heating mode, or heat pipe independent heating mode.

[0060] (5) When the system is operating in the vortex tube standalone mode, the vortex tube inlet solenoid valve 104 is open, the second-stage compressor inlet valve 106 is closed, the first-stage compressor drive motor 101 is started, the second-stage compressor drive motor 107 is closed, and the first-stage compressor 102 starts working. After the air is compressed by the first-stage compressor 102 and cooled by the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103, the air is pressure regulated by the vortex tube inlet pressure regulating valve 105 and then the flow rate is regulated by the vortex tube inlet flow regulating valve 112 before entering the vortex tube body 124 through the vortex tube compressed air inlet 120. At this time, the tiered phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage devices (first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 103 and second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device 109) operate in heat pipe standalone cooling mode.

[0061] (6) When the system is operating in the compressed air energy release process in the compressed air energy storage system standalone operation mode and the compressed air energy storage system energy release-vortex tube combined operation mode, in order to prevent mutual interference between the energy release process and the operation of the vortex tube, the vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve 122, the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed inlet solenoid valve 127, and the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed outlet solenoid valve 119 are closed, and the vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve 121 is open; when operating in the compressed air energy storage process in the compressed air energy storage system standalone operation mode and the compressed air energy storage system energy storage-vortex tube combined operation mode... During operation, the temperature of the vortex tube body 124 and the vortex tube hot air outlet 123 and the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed 126 are monitored in real time. If the temperature at the vortex tube hot air outlet 123 is higher than the temperature of the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed 126, the vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve 122, the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed inlet solenoid valve 127, and the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed outlet solenoid valve 119 are opened, and the vortex tube hot air outlet solenoid valve 121 is closed. The hot air energy is stored in the phase change capsules in the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed 126.

[0062] As one embodiment, when the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube system operates under different modes, the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device also has different operating modes. The operating modes and workflows of the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device are as follows:

[0063] (1) When the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device is operating in the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-cooling mode, the high temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet solenoid valve 222 and the low temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet solenoid valve 224 in the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device are opened, and other solenoid valves are closed. After compression, the high-temperature air enters the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 203 through the inlet 204 of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank. After cooling, it flows out through the outlet 221 of the high-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank. Then, it enters the medium-high temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 228, the medium temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 220, and the medium-low temperature phase change capsule stacking bed 217 through the inlet 231 of the stepped phase change capsule stacking bed compression process. After being cooled in sequence, it flows out through the outlet 225 of the stepped phase change capsule stacking bed compression process. Then, it enters the low-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 206 through the inlet 212 of the low-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank for cooling, and then flows out through the outlet 205 of the low-temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank.

[0064] (2) When the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device is operating in the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode, the outlet valve 214 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and the inlet valve 233 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank are opened, and other solenoid valves are closed. Air flows into the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 208 from the inlet 207 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and is heated. Then it flows out from the outlet 211 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank. After being heated in sequence through the medium and low temperature phase change capsule stacked bed 217, the medium and high temperature phase change capsule stacked bed 228, and the medium temperature phase change capsule stacked bed 220, it flows out from the outlet 230 of the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed expansion process. After being heated by the inlet 234 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, it flows out from the outlet 202 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank.

[0065] (3) When the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-storage device is operating in the heat pipe separate cooling mode, the high and low temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank passage solenoid valve 223 is opened and other solenoid valves are closed. The compressed high temperature air enters the high temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 203 through the high temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet 204 for cooling, and then flows out through the high temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet 221. After passing through the high and low temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank passage solenoid valve 223, it directly enters the low temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank 206 through the low temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank inlet 212 for cooling, and then flows out through the low temperature heat pipe evaporation section heat exchange tank outlet 205.

[0066] (4) When the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device is operating in the heat pipe independent heating mode, the outlet valve 213 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and the inlet valve 232 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank are opened, and other solenoid valves are closed. Air flows into the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 208 from the inlet 207 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank for heating, and then flows out from the outlet 211 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank. After passing through the outlet valve 213 of the low temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank and the inlet valve 232 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, it enters the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 235 from the inlet 234 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank for heating, and then flows out from the outlet 202 of the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank.

[0067] (5) When the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device is operating in the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed co-heating mode, the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed inlet solenoid valve 118, the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacked bed outlet solenoid valve 128 and the high temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank inlet valve 233 are opened, and other solenoid valves are closed. Air flows into the low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 208 from the inlet 207 and is heated. Then it flows out from the outlet 211 and enters the vortex tube-matched phase change capsule stacked bed 126 through the inlet solenoid valve 118. After heating, it flows out from the outlet solenoid valve 128 to the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed section. After being heated sequentially through the medium-low temperature phase change capsule stacked bed 217, the medium-high temperature phase change capsule stacked bed 228, and the medium temperature phase change capsule stacked bed 220, it flows out from the outlet 230 of the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed expansion process. After being heated through the inlet 234 of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank 235, it flows out from the outlet 202 of the high-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] One embodiment of this disclosure provides a control method for a compressed air energy storage-eddy tube control system based on stepped phase change, the process including:

[0070] Step 1: The system determines the operating mode based on the control signal. First, it determines whether the compressed air energy storage system is operating alone, in conjunction with the energy storage and eddy current tube, in conjunction with the energy release and eddy current tube, or in eddy current tube-only operation. Based on the operating mode determination, it then determines the specific work process to be executed. The control signal is issued by the energy management system and can be a processing task status signal, a renewable energy generation power signal, or a grid power consumption signal.

[0071] Step 2: If the machining center has no machining tasks, it is determined to be in standby mode of compressed air energy storage system. Then, the specific working process is judged to determine whether it is compressed air energy storage process or expansion energy release process.

[0072] Step 3: If the system is in a period of surplus renewable energy generation or a period of low grid electricity demand, it is determined to be a compressed air energy storage process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. The first-stage compressor drive motor and the second-stage compressor drive motor are started. The first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operate in the staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode. After being compressed by two stages and cooled by the staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, the air enters the gas storage tank, completing the gas storage process.

[0073] Step 4: If there is an external power demand, it is determined to be the expansion and energy release process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. Open the gas outlet solenoid valve of the gas storage tank, and adjust the opening degree of the gas storage tank flow regulating valve according to the energy release load demand. Then, determine the working mode of the cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe co-storage device according to the energy release load demand and the temperature of the vortex tube matching phase change capsule stacking bed.

[0074] Step 5: Determine the working mode of the cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device during the expansion and energy release process: If the required energy release load is less than or equal to 20% of the total energy release load of the compressed air energy storage system, the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device will operate in heat pipe individual heating mode. If the required energy release load is greater than 20% of the total energy release load of the compressed air energy storage system, compare the temperatures inside the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed and the low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank. If the temperature of the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed is more than 10°C higher than the temperature inside the low-temperature heat pipe condenser section heat exchange tank, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device will operate in the tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe-vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed synergistic heating mode, and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device will operate in the tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode. If the temperature of the vortex tube-equipped phase change capsule bed does not meet the above conditions, both the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device will operate in the tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode.

[0075] Step 6: If the system is in a period of surplus renewable energy generation or a period of low grid electricity demand and the processing center has processing tasks, it is determined to be in the compressed air energy storage system energy storage-vortex tube joint operation mode. The compressed air energy storage system operates in the compression energy storage process, starting the first-stage compressor drive motor and the second-stage compressor drive motor. The second-stage compressor intake valve and the vortex tube intake solenoid valve are opened. The first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operate in the staged phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode. Part of the air compressed in the first stage and cooled by the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device enters the next stage compressor to complete the entire compression process. The remaining part is supplied to the vortex tube body through the vortex tube compressed air inlet.

[0076] Step 7: If there is an external power demand and the processing center has a processing task, it is determined to be the compressed air energy storage system energy release-vortex tube joint operation mode. The compressed air energy storage system operates in the expansion energy release process, the second solenoid valve of the vortex tube is opened, and the air tank supplies air to both the expander and the vortex tube at the same time; the working mode of the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device are determined according to step 5.

[0077] Step 8: If there is no surplus power and no external power demand but the machining center has a machining task, determine the vortex tube independent operation mode. Once the vortex tube inlet solenoid valve is opened and the second-stage compressor inlet valve is closed, start the first-stage compressor drive motor. The first-stage phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe co-heat storage device operates in the heat pipe independent cooling working mode. After being compressed and cooled by the first stage, the air is supplied to the vortex tube body through the vortex tube compressed air inlet.

[0078] Step 9: Monitor the pressure inside the gas storage tank in real time during steps 4 and 7. When the pressure inside the gas storage tank is lower than the minimum limit, the expansion and energy release process terminates.

[0079] This disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create a machine for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0080] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0081] While the specific embodiments of this disclosure have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of this disclosure are still within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change, characterized in that, It includes a two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system, a two-stage cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, and a vortex tube system; The two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system includes a first-stage compressor, a second-stage compressor, a first-stage expander, and a second-stage expander. The two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device includes a first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and a second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. The vortex tube system includes a vortex tube body, a matching phase change capsule bed, and control valves. The first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device have the same structure. Each stage of the phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device includes two heat pipe mechanisms and one stage of phase change capsule bed. When the total energy storage demand of the compressed air energy storage system is small or only provides air source for the vortex tube, only the heat pipe mechanism plays a role in the two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. When the total energy storage demand of the compressed air energy storage system is large, both the heat pipe and the stage of phase change capsule bed play a role in the two-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. The stepped phase change capsule stacking bed has a U-shaped tube structure, which is divided into three different phase change capsules by perforated plates. The three different phase change capsules have different temperature adaptability ranges. The heat pipe mechanism includes a first heat pipe mechanism and a second heat pipe mechanism. Each heat pipe structure includes an evaporation section, an adiabatic section and a condensation section, which are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed. The heat exchange tanks of the condensation sections of the two heat pipe mechanisms are filled with phase change capsules. The condensation section of the first heat pipe mechanism is filled with high-temperature phase change capsules, and the condensation section of the second heat pipe mechanism is filled with low-temperature phase change capsules. During the operation control process, the operating mode is determined based on the control signal. Based on the determined operating mode, the two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system body, the two-stage cascade phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the vortex tube system are controlled to achieve the process of compressed air energy storage or compressed air energy release through synergistic coupling.

2. The compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two-stage compression-two-stage expansion compressed air energy storage system also includes a generator, a first-stage compressor drive motor, a second-stage compressor drive motor, an air storage tank, an air storage tank outlet solenoid valve, and an air storage tank inlet solenoid valve. In the compressed air energy storage process, the air first enters the first-stage compressor. After being compressed and heated and pressurized, the air enters the two-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. After being cooled by the cooling circuit in the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, it enters the second-stage compressor. After being compressed by the second compressor and cooled by the cooling circuit in the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, it enters the air storage chamber or is supplied to the vortex tube system. During the compressed air energy release process, after the compressed air is released from the storage tank, it is heated by the heating circuit of the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and then enters the first-stage expander to expand and do work. After the expansion and work is completed in the first-stage expander, it enters the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device for heating and then enters the second-stage expander to complete the entire expansion and work process.

3. The compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vortex tube body is connected to the gas storage tank and also to the air pipeline after being compressed by the first-stage compressor and cooled by the stepped phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device. When there is enough gas in the gas storage tank, the gas storage tank supplies compressed air to the vortex tube body; when there is insufficient gas in the gas storage tank, the compressor compresses and cools the air before supplying compressed air to the vortex tube body; the vortex tube body generates both cold air and hot air simultaneously.

4. The compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device have five working modes: staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode, staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode, heat pipe independent cooling mode, heat pipe independent heating mode, and staged phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matched phase change capsule stacked bed synergistic heating mode.

5. The compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The operating modes of the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system include the compressed air energy storage system standalone operating mode, the compressed air energy storage system energy storage-vortex tube combined operating mode, the compressed air energy storage system energy release-vortex tube combined operating mode, and the vortex tube standalone operating mode. The compressed air energy storage system standalone operating mode includes the compressed air energy storage process and the compressed air energy release process.

6. The control method for the compressed air energy storage-eddy tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Based on the control signal, the operating mode is determined first: the compressed air energy storage system operates alone, the compressed air energy storage system operates in conjunction with the energy storage and vortex tube, the compressed air energy storage system operates in conjunction with the energy release and vortex tube, or the vortex tube operates alone. Based on the results of the operation mode determination, the specific work process that needs to be executed is then determined.

7. The control method for the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in claim 6, characterized in that, If the machining center has no machining task, it is determined to be in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. Then, the specific working process is judged to determine whether it is a compressed air energy storage process or an expansion energy release process. If it is in a period of surplus renewable energy generation or a period of low electricity demand in the power grid, it is determined to be a compressed air energy storage process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. The first-stage compressor drive motor and the second-stage compressor drive motor are started. The first-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the second-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operate in the stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic cooling mode. After the air is compressed in two stages and cooled by the stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device, it enters the gas storage tank to complete the gas storage process. If there is an external power demand, it is determined to be the expansion and energy release process in the stand-alone operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. The air tank outlet solenoid valve is opened, and the air tank flow regulating valve adjusts the opening degree according to the energy release load demand. Then, the working mode of the cascade phase change capsule stacking bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device is determined based on the energy release load demand and the temperature of the vortex tube-matched phase change capsule stacking bed.

8. The control method for the compressed air energy storage-vortex tube control system based on stepped phase change as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The process for determining the operating mode of the two-stage phase change capsule stacked bed-heat pipe synergistic thermal storage device during the expansion and energy release process includes: If the required energy release load is less than or equal to 20% of the total energy release load of the compressed air energy storage system, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operate in heat pipe-only heating mode; if the required energy release load is greater than 20% of the total energy release load of the compressed air energy storage system, the temperatures inside the vortex tube-matched phase change capsule bed and the low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank are compared. If the temperature of the vortex tube-matched phase change capsule bed is higher than the temperature inside the low-temperature heat pipe condensing section heat exchange tank, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in heat pipe-only heating mode. The phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in a tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe-vortex tube matching phase change capsule bed synergistic heating mode. The first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device operates in a tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode. If the temperature of the vortex tube matching phase change capsule bed does not meet the above conditions, the second-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device and the first-stage phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heat storage device both operate in a tiered phase change capsule bed-heat pipe synergistic heating mode.

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