Power transmission and transformation project water and soil conservation multi-dimensional quantitative analysis monitoring device

Abstract

The invention provides a power transmission and transformation project water and soil conservation multi-dimensional quantitative analysis monitoring device which comprises a supporting frame, a monitoring vehicle, a distance measuring assembly, a soil humidity monitoring assembly, a vegetation coverage monitor and a control assembly. The supporting frame comprises a supporting rod vertically arranged on the ground and a guide rail installed at the top end of the supporting rod, the distance measuring assembly comprises a supporting shell and a laser distance measuring instrument fixedly connected to the lower end of the supporting shell, and the soil humidity monitoring assembly comprises a soil humidity monitor, a first lead screw and a first lead screw nut. The soil humidity monitor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first lead screw; a conical gear ring is fixedly connected outside the first lead screw nut, a driving bevel gear is rotationally connected to the monitoring vehicle, and a switching piece is arranged on an output shaft of the first motor. The system has the advantages that the soil loss amount, the soil humidity and the vegetation coverage of one area can be monitored at the same time, and multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the water and soil conservation level of the power transmission and transformation project can be achieved through the data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power transmission and transformation engineering, and particularly relates to a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for water and soil conservation of power transmission and transformation engineering. BACKGROUND

[0002] The construction of power transmission and transformation engineering often causes damage and pollution to the water and soil resources in the project area, and water and soil conservation technology can effectively reduce such negative impacts and protect the ecological environment. By adopting water and soil conservation technology, various natural disasters caused by water and soil loss, such as landslides and mudslides, can be effectively reduced, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the power transmission and transformation engineering. During the construction process and after the completion of the power transmission and transformation engineering, the water and soil loss in the engineering area needs to be monitored in real time, and timely warning and countermeasures need to be taken.

[0003] The water and soil conservation monitoring indicators mainly include soil loss amount, soil moisture, vegetation coverage, etc. Currently, the soil loss amount is mainly monitored by runoff plot method, measuring rod method, satellite or unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, etc. The runoff plot method and the measuring rod method are relatively complex to operate and need frequent manual monitoring. The satellite or unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography monitoring has low accuracy. The soil moisture is mainly monitored by manually carrying equipment to the site, which is time-consuming and laborious.

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for water and soil conservation of power transmission and transformation engineering, which has high automation degree and accurate monitoring results.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical scheme: a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for water and soil conservation of power transmission and transformation engineering, comprising a support frame, a monitoring vehicle, a distance measuring assembly, a soil moisture monitoring assembly, a vegetation coverage monitor and a control assembly;

[0006] The support frame comprises a support rod vertically arranged on the ground and a guide rail mounted on the top end of the support rod, and the monitoring vehicle is slidingly connected to the guide rail. A linear drive member is arranged on the support frame to drive the monitoring vehicle to move linearly along the guide rail;

[0007] The distance measuring assembly comprises a support shell and a laser range finder fixedly connected to the lower end of the support shell. The upper end of the support shell is vertically hinged to the monitoring vehicle and can swing. A first motor is arranged on the monitoring vehicle to drive the support shell to swing back and forth along the vertical plane. A strip-shaped hole is arranged on the monitoring vehicle, and the lower end of the support shell passes through the strip-shaped hole and is located below the monitoring vehicle;

[0008] The soil humidity monitoring assembly comprises a soil humidity monitor, a first lead screw and a first lead screw nut, the first lead screw nut is rotationally connected to the upper surface of the monitoring vehicle, the first lead screw is threadedly connected to the first lead screw nut in the vertical direction, and the soil humidity monitor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first lead screw; the first lead screw nut is fixedly connected with a conical gear ring outside, the monitoring vehicle is rotationally connected with a driving bevel gear, the driving bevel gear is engaged with the conical gear ring, and the output shaft of the first motor is provided with a switching piece; the first motor controls the reciprocating swing of the support shell or the rotation of the driving bevel gear through the switching piece.

[0009] The vegetation coverage monitor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support shell.

[0010] In the technical scheme of the embodiment, the support frame is arranged in the region to be monitored, which can be the tower foundation slope of the power transmission line, the temporary soil pile or the like. The bottom of the support frame support rod is fixed to the ground, and the top end is provided with a guide rail parallel to the horizontal plane. Preferably, two parallel guide rails are arranged. The monitoring vehicle is slidingly connected to the two guide rails, which can improve the stability of the monitoring vehicle in operation.

[0011] The linear driving member drives the monitoring vehicle to slide along the guide rail, and the monitoring vehicle drives the distance measuring assembly, the soil humidity monitoring assembly and the vegetation coverage monitor mounted thereon to move, so that the soil height, soil humidity and vegetation coverage of a region along the guide rail can be automatically monitored.

[0012] The support shell of the distance measuring assembly can reciprocate along the vertical plane perpendicular to the guide rail, and the laser range finder and the vegetation coverage monitor can measure the scanned positions during the reciprocating process. When the monitoring vehicle moves along the guide rail, the support shell reciprocates, so that the soil height and vegetation coverage of a region along the guide rail can be automatically monitored. By measuring the soil height, the data of soil loss can be obtained.

[0013] The existing soil humidity monitoring method needs the staff to carry the soil humidity monitor to the site for monitoring, and the tower foundation is remote, so the monitoring workload is large. Alternatively, the soil humidity monitoring probe is fixed in the soil to send the soil humidity data in real time, but the soil humidity monitoring probe is easily affected by the environment and changes the position, resulting in inaccurate monitoring data. The present application sets the soil humidity monitor on the monitoring vehicle, drives it to move downward and insert into the soil for humidity monitoring through the first lead screw, has high automation degree, and when the monitoring vehicle moves, the soil humidity monitor can monitor the humidity of multiple points along the guide rail, so that the humidity monitoring accuracy can be improved.

[0014] The present application further provides that the linear driving member comprises a chain, the monitoring vehicle is fixedly connected to the chain, the support frame is rotationally connected with a sprocket engaged with the chain and a second motor driving the sprocket to rotate.

[0015] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application has the chain wheel and the chain drive the monitoring vehicle to move back and forth along the guide rail.

[0016] The application further provides that the chain wheel is provided with an angular displacement encoder.

[0017] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application has the angular displacement encoder arranged on the chain wheel, which can detect the angular displacement of the chain wheel, thereby controlling the moving distance of the monitoring vehicle.

[0018] The application further provides that the support shell is provided with a sliding block, and the strip-shaped hole is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove for embedding the sliding block.

[0019] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application has the arc-shaped sliding groove arranged in the strip-shaped hole, which can maintain the stability of the support shell when it swings, thereby improving the accuracy of the laser range finder and the vegetation coverage monitor.

[0020] The application further provides that the switching member comprises a second lead screw, a second lead screw nut, a first sliding key and a second sliding key, the second lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor, the second lead screw nut is threadedly connected to the second lead screw, the first sliding key and the second sliding key are fixedly connected to the two ends of the second lead screw nut respectively, the support shell is provided with a first key groove for embedding the first sliding key, and the driving bevel gear is provided with a second key groove for embedding the second sliding key; when the first sliding key is embedded in the first key groove and the second sliding key is separated from the second key groove, the first motor drives the support shell to rotate; when the second sliding key is embedded in the second key groove and the first sliding key is separated from the first key groove, the first motor drives the driving bevel gear to rotate.

[0021] The application further provides that the switching member further comprises a limiting column, the limiting column comprises a connecting cylinder and a limiting head slidingly connected to the connecting cylinder, a spring is fixedly connected in the connecting cylinder, the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected to the limiting head, and the elastic force of the spring drives the limiting head to move away from the connecting cylinder.

[0022] The monitoring vehicle is provided with a sleeve, the switching member is located in the sleeve, and the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a first limiting groove and a second limiting groove for embedding the limiting head; the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove are annular, when the limiting head is located in the first limiting groove, the first sliding key is embedded in the first key groove; and when the limiting head is located in the second limiting groove, the second sliding key is embedded in the second key groove.

[0023] The application further provides that a strip-shaped sliding groove is arranged between the first limiting groove and the second limiting groove.

[0024] The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects: the first motor output shaft control automatic switching can be realized by setting the switching member; when the soil loss amount and the vegetation coverage are monitored, the switching member makes the first sliding key embedded in the first key groove, the second sliding key is separated from the second key groove, the first motor rotates to drive the support shell to swing back and forth, and the support shell drives the laser range finder and the vegetation coverage monitor to swing; when the soil humidity is monitored, the switching member makes the second sliding key embedded in the second key groove, the first sliding key is separated from the first key groove, the first motor rotates to drive the driving bevel gear to rotate, and the driving bevel gear drives the first lead screw nut to rotate, so that the automatic monitoring of the soil humidity is realized.

[0025] In the initial state, the first sliding key is embedded in the first key groove; when the soil loss amount and the vegetation coverage monitoring are completed, the control assembly controls the output shaft of the first motor to rotate clockwise to drive the support shell to rotate to the top end of the arc-shaped sliding groove; at this time, the support shell cannot continue to move under the limitation of the arc-shaped sliding groove; at this time, the output shaft can transmit the torque to the second lead screw nut through the second lead screw, so that the second lead screw nut drives the first sliding key to move away from the first key groove on the support shell; the limiting head on the limiting column is driven by the second lead screw nut to slide into the strip-shaped groove from the first limiting groove and finally embedded in the second limiting groove; at this time, the second sliding key is embedded in the second key groove, the output shaft of the first motor drives the driving bevel gear to rotate, and the monitoring of the soil humidity is started.

[0026] The further setting of the application is that the soil humidity monitor comprises a data processing module and a monitoring probe, and the bottom of the monitoring probe is fixedly connected with a drill bit.

[0027] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the first lead screw drives the drill bit to rotate downward in the soil to punch a monitoring hole, and the monitoring probe is embedded in the monitoring hole to perform the humidity monitoring.

[0028] The further setting of the application is that a limiting block is fixedly connected to the first lead screw, and a third limiting groove for embedding the limiting block is arranged at the bottom of the trolley; a distance measuring plate is fixedly connected to the first lead screw, the distance measuring plate is located between the limiting block and the soil humidity monitoring assembly, and the end of the distance measuring plate away from the first lead screw is located below the distance measuring assembly.

[0029] In the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, after the soil humidity monitoring is completed, the control assembly controls the output shaft of the first motor to rotate counterclockwise to drive the first lead screw to rise, so that the limiting block is embedded in the third limiting groove; under the action of the limiting block, the first lead screw cannot continue to rise; at this time, the output shaft transmits the torque to the second lead screw nut through the second lead screw, so that the second lead screw nut drives the second sliding key to move away from the second key groove on the driving bevel gear; the limiting head on the limiting column is driven by the second lead screw nut to slide into the strip-shaped groove from the second limiting groove and finally embedded in the first limiting groove; at this time, the first sliding key is embedded in the first key groove, and the recovery is realized.

[0030] When measuring soil humidity, the supporting shell keeps vertical downward direction under the action of gravity, the laser range finder can measure the distance from the guide rail to the soil, when the second lead screw drives the distance measuring plate to rotate to the lower side of the laser range finder, the distance from the distance measuring plate to the guide rail can be measured, so that the laser range finder can be used to control the descending height of the soil humidity monitoring assembly in real time, and the soil humidity monitoring assembly is suitable for soil humidity monitoring of multiple monitoring sites on a slope.

[0031] The further arrangement of the present application is that the control assembly comprises a single-chip microcomputer and a wireless communicator for control, and the distance measuring assembly, the soil humidity monitoring assembly, the vegetation coverage monitor, the first motor and the second motor are signal connected with the control assembly.

[0032] In the technical scheme of the present application, the single-chip microcomputer controls the operation of the monitoring equipment and the motor, and the monitored data is transmitted to a mobile phone or a computer terminal through the wireless communicator, so that remote monitoring and control are realized.

[0033] The further arrangement of the present application is that a protection box is arranged on the supporting frame, a battery is arranged on the monitoring vehicle, the control assembly, the laser range finder, the soil humidity monitoring assembly, the vegetation coverage monitor, the first motor and the second motor are electrically connected with the battery, and a charging power supply is arranged in the protection box.

[0034] In the technical scheme of the present application, the protection box is arranged on the supporting frame, after monitoring is completed, the second motor drives the monitoring vehicle to return to the protection box, so that damage of the device caused by bad weather is avoided. The battery is arranged on the monitoring vehicle, the control assembly, the laser range finder, the soil humidity monitoring assembly, the vegetation coverage monitor, the first motor and the second motor are powered, the charging power supply is arranged in the protection box, and the monitoring vehicle can be automatically connected with the charging power supply after returning to the protection box to be charged.

[0035] The present application has the following advantages:

[0036] 1. The monitoring device provided by the present application can monitor the soil loss amount, the soil humidity and the vegetation coverage of a region at the same time, and the multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the water and soil conservation level of a power transmission and transformation project can be realized by using the data. The monitoring device of the present application has high integration degree, and the supporting frame of the monitoring device can be fixed on a region to be monitored, so that the monitoring device can be installed conveniently and quickly, and automatic monitoring can be realized after installation, without the need of manual on-site operation, so that the working intensity of the measurement personnel is greatly reduced, and the monitoring efficiency is improved.

[0037] 2. In the monitoring device provided by the present application, the supporting shell can drive the laser range finder and the vegetation coverage monitor to move linearly along the guide rail, and also can swing along the vertical plane, so that the soil loss amount and the vegetation coverage of the whole region can be monitored, the monitoring range is large, the monitoring precision is high, and the practicability is strong.

[0038] 3. The monitoring device provided by the application can automatically realize switching of the laser range finder, the vegetation coverage monitor and the soil moisture monitor, has simple structure and reduces the cost of the overall device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings used in the present application will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor, and all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the monitoring vehicle, the distance measuring assembly and the soil moisture monitoring assembly in the embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a sectional view of the embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 2

[0043] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second sliding key in the switching piece in the embodiment 2 of the present application in the case that the second sliding key is located in the second key groove.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first sliding key in the switching piece in the embodiment 2 of the present application in the case that the first sliding key is located in the first key groove.

[0045] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second screw nut and the limiting column in the embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0046] Explanation of the drawings:

[0047] ​1, support frame; 11, support rod; 12, guide rail; 13, chain wheel; 14, chain; 15, second motor; 2, monitoring vehicle; 3, distance measuring assembly; 31, support shell; 32, laser range finder; 33, strip-shaped slot; 34, arc-shaped sliding groove; 35, sliding block; 36, first motor; 4, soil moisture monitoring assembly; 41, first lead screw; 411, limiting block; 412, third limiting groove; 413, distance measuring plate; 42, first lead screw nut; 43, monitoring probe; 44, drill bit; 45, conical gear ring; 46, driving bevel gear; 47, switching piece; 471, second lead screw; 472, second lead screw nut; 473, first sliding key; 474, second sliding key; 475, first key groove; 476, second key groove; 477, limiting column; 477a, connecting barrel; 477b, limiting head; 477c, spring; 478, sleeve; 478a, first limiting groove; 478b, second limiting groove; 478c, strip-shaped slot; 5, vegetation coverage monitor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with specific examples. Obviously, the described examples are only some of the examples of the present application, rather than all the examples. Based on the examples of the present application, all the other examples obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The present application provides a kind of power transmission and transformation engineering water and soil conservation multidimensional quantitative analysis monitoring device, as shown in Figure Figure 1 It includes support frame 1, monitoring vehicle 2, distance measuring assembly 3, soil moisture monitoring assembly 4, vegetation coverage monitor 5 and control assembly.

[0051] As shown in Figure Figure 1 Support frame 1 includes support rod 11 vertically arranged on the ground, two groups of parallel guide rails 12 are installed on support rod 11, and monitoring vehicle 2 is slidably connected on the two groups of guide rails 12. A plurality of chain wheels 13 are rotatably connected on guide rails 12, a chain 14 is wound on chain wheels 13, monitoring vehicle 2 is fixedly connected with chain 14, and monitoring vehicle 2 is driven to move back and forth along guide rail 12 by chain 14. Second motor 15 is fixedly connected on support frame 1, the output shaft of second motor 15 is fixedly connected with chain wheel 13, for driving chain wheel 13 to rotate, angle displacement encoder is arranged on chain wheel 13, for converting the angle displacement of chain wheel 13 into electrical signal and transmitting to control assembly, and control assembly controls the moving distance of monitoring vehicle 2 according to the electrical signal of angle displacement encoder.

[0052] As shown in Figure Figure 2As shown, the ranging component 3 includes a supporting housing 31. A laser rangefinder 32 and a vegetation cover monitor 5 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the supporting housing 31. Both the laser rangefinder 32 and the vegetation cover monitor 5 are commercially available devices. The monitoring vehicle 2 has a slotted hole 33. The upper end of the supporting housing 31 is hinged to the monitoring vehicle 2 in the vertical direction, and the lower end passes through the slotted hole 33 and is located below the monitoring vehicle 2. An arc-shaped groove 34 is provided in the slotted hole 33. A slider 35 is fixedly connected to the supporting housing 31 and is slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove 34. The monitoring vehicle 2 is equipped with a first motor 36. The first motor 36 drives the supporting housing 31 to swing along the vertical plane, thereby causing the laser rangefinder 32 and the vegetation cover monitor 5 to swing, which can monitor the soil loss and vegetation cover of an area below the guide rail 12. An angular displacement encoder is installed on the output shaft of the first motor 36. The rotation angle of the support housing 31 is measured by the angular displacement encoder. Then, the amount of soil loss is calculated based on the rotation angle of the support housing 31 and the distance monitored by the laser rangefinder 32.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the soil moisture monitoring component 4 also includes a soil moisture monitor, a first lead screw 41, and a nut for the first lead screw 41. The soil moisture monitor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first lead screw 41. The soil moisture monitor includes a data processing module and a monitoring probe 43. A drill bit 44 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the monitoring probe 43. The first lead screw 41 drives the drill bit 44 to rotate downwards, which can drill a monitoring hole in the soil and drive the monitoring probe 43 to be inserted into the monitoring hole to realize soil moisture monitoring. A conical gear ring 45 is fixedly connected to the outside of the nut for the first lead screw 41. An active bevel gear 46 is rotatably connected to the monitoring vehicle 2. The active bevel gear 46 meshes with the conical gear ring 45. A switching element 47 is provided on the output shaft of the first motor 36. The first motor 36 alternately controls the support housing 31 to swing back and forth or controls the active bevel gear 46 to rotate through the switching element 47.

[0055] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the switching piece 47 includes a second lead screw 471, a second lead screw 471 nut, a first sliding key 473 and a second sliding key 474, and the second lead screw 471 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 36. The second lead screw 471 nut is threadedly connected with the second lead screw 471, and the first sliding key 473 and the second sliding key 474 are fixedly connected to the two ends of the second lead screw 471 nut respectively. The switching piece 47 is located between the support shell 31 and the driving bevel gear 46, the support shell 31 is provided with a first key groove 475 for embedding the first sliding key 473, and the driving bevel gear 46 is provided with a second key groove 476 for embedding the second sliding key 474; the first sliding key 473 is embedded in the first key groove 475, the second sliding key 474 is separated from the second key groove 476, and the first motor 36 rotates to drive the support shell 31 to rotate; the second sliding key 474 is embedded in the second key groove 476, the first sliding key 473 is separated from the first key groove 475, and the first motor 36 rotates to drive the driving bevel gear 46 to rotate.

[0056] As shown in Figure 6 The outer side of the second lead screw 471 nut is fixedly connected with a limiting column 477, and the limiting column 477 includes a connecting cylinder 477a fixedly connected to the second lead screw 471 nut, and a limiting head 477b slidably connected to the upper end of the connecting cylinder 477a. The upper end of the limiting head 477b is semicircular, a spring 477c is fixedly connected in the connecting cylinder 477a, the upper end of the spring 477c is fixedly connected with the limiting head 477b, and the elastic force of the spring 477c drives the limiting head 477b to move away from the connecting cylinder 477a. A sleeve 478 is fixedly connected to the monitoring vehicle 2, the switching piece 47 is located in the sleeve 478, and the inner wall of the sleeve 478 is provided with a first limiting groove 478a and a second limiting groove 478b for embedding the limiting head 477b; both the first limiting groove 478a and the second limiting groove 478b are annular, when the limiting head 477b is located in the first limiting groove 478a, the first sliding key 473 is embedded in the first key groove 475; when the limiting head 477b is located in the second limiting groove 478b, the second sliding key 474 is embedded in the second key groove 476. A strip-shaped sliding groove 478c is arranged between the first limiting groove 478a and the second limiting groove 478b.

[0057] As shown in Figure 2 A limiting block 411 is fixedly connected to the first lead screw 41, and a third limiting groove 412 for embedding the limiting block 411 is arranged at the bottom of the trolley; a distance measuring plate 413 is fixedly connected to the first lead screw 41, and the distance measuring plate 413 is located between the limiting block 411 and the soil moisture monitoring assembly 4, and the end of the distance measuring plate 413 away from the first lead screw 41 is located below the distance measuring assembly 3.

[0058] The control components include a microcontroller and a wireless communication device. The ranging component 3, soil moisture monitoring component 4, vegetation cover monitor 5, first motor 36, second motor 15, and angular displacement encoder are all connected to the control components. A protective box is mounted on the support frame 1, and a battery is mounted on the monitoring vehicle 2. The control components, laser rangefinder 32, soil moisture monitoring component 4, vegetation cover monitor 5, first motor 36, and second motor 15 are electrically connected to the battery. A charging power supply is located inside the protective box. When the monitoring vehicle 2 returns to the protective box, the battery on the monitoring vehicle 2 automatically connects to the charging power supply for charging. A solar panel is mounted on the protective box to power the charging power supply.

[0059] The working principle of a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects is as follows:

[0060] During power transmission and transformation soil and water conservation monitoring, construction workers fix the support rod 11 of the support frame 1 to the ground in the area to be monitored, and install two sets of parallel guide rails 12 at the top. The monitoring vehicle 2 is slidably connected to the guide rails 12, and the second motor 15 drives the monitoring vehicle 2 to move back and forth in a straight line along the guide rails 12 through the sprocket 13 and chain 14.

[0061] In the initial state, the first sliding key 473 is embedded in the first keyway 475. The first motor 36 drives the support housing 31 to swing back and forth along the arc-shaped slide 34, and the monitoring vehicle 2 moves forward in a straight line along the guide rail 12 to monitor the soil loss and vegetation cover of the entire area below the guide rail 12. After the monitoring is completed, the control component controls the output shaft of the first motor 36 to rotate clockwise, causing the support housing 31 to rotate to the top of the arc-shaped slide 34. At this time, the support housing 31 cannot move further due to the restriction of the arc-shaped slide 34. At this time, the output shaft can transmit torque to the second lead screw 471 nut through the second lead screw 471, so that the second lead screw 471 nut drives the first sliding key 473 away from the first keyway 475 on the support housing 31. Under the drive of the second lead screw 471 nut, the limiting head 477b on the limiting post 477 disengages from the first limiting groove 478a and slides into the strip groove 478c, and finally embeds into the second limiting groove 478b. At this time, the second sliding key 474 is embedded in the second keyway 476. When the output shaft of the first motor 36 rotates, it drives the active bevel gear 46 to rotate, and the soil moisture monitoring begins.

[0062] When measuring soil moisture, the supporting shell 31 remains vertically downward under gravity. The laser rangefinder 32 can measure the distance L1 from the laser rangefinder 32 to the soil. When the second lead screw 471 rotates, it drives the measuring plate 413 to rotate below the laser rangefinder 32, at which point the distance L2 from the measuring plate 413 to the laser rangefinder 32 can be measured. The difference between L1 and L2 is the distance L3 from the measuring plate 413 to the soil. When monitoring soil at different heights, L3 is set to a constant value. Thus, the laser rangefinder 32 can be used to control the descent height of the soil moisture monitoring component 4 in real time, realizing moisture monitoring at different soil heights. It is worth noting that when monitoring soil loss, the second lead screw 471 controls the rotation of the measuring plate 413 so that it is not located below the laser rangefinder 32, avoiding interference with the soil loss monitoring. The second motor 15 controls the monitoring vehicle 2 to move towards the protective box. After moving a set distance, the first motor 36 drives the first lead screw 41 to move downward to monitor soil moisture. After monitoring is completed, the first lead screw 41 is driven to move upward to lift the soil moisture monitor off the soil, so as to facilitate the moisture monitoring of the next site.

[0063] After monitoring is completed, the second motor 15 drives the monitoring vehicle 2 back into the protective box. The control component controls the output shaft of the first motor 36 to rotate counterclockwise, causing the first lead screw 41 to rise, so that the limit block 411 is embedded in the third limit groove 412. Under the action of the limit block 411, the first lead screw 41 can no longer rise. At this time, the output shaft transmits torque to the second lead screw 471 nut through the second lead screw 471, so that the second lead screw 471 nut drives the second sliding key 474 away from the second keyway 476 on the active bevel gear 46. Under the action of the second lead screw 471 nut, the limit head 477b on the limit post 477 disengages from the second limit groove 478b and slides into the strip groove, and finally embeds into the first limit groove 478a. At this time, the first sliding key 473 is embedded into the first keyway 475, realizing restoration.

[0064] The monitoring vehicle 2 is equipped with a battery to power the control components, laser rangefinder 32, soil moisture monitoring components 4, vegetation cover monitoring instrument 5, first motor 36 and second motor 15. The protective box contains a charging power supply. When the monitoring vehicle 2 returns to the protective box, it can automatically connect to the charging power supply for charging.

[0065] The specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects, characterized in that, It includes a support frame (1), a monitoring vehicle (2), a ranging component (3), a soil moisture monitoring component (4), a vegetation cover monitoring instrument (5), and a control component; The support frame (1) includes a support rod (11) vertically set on the ground and a guide rail (12) installed at the top of the support rod (11). The monitoring vehicle (2) is slidably connected to the guide rail (12). The support frame (1) is provided with a linear drive component that drives the monitoring vehicle (2) to move linearly along the guide rail (12). The ranging component (3) includes a supporting shell (31) and a laser rangefinder (32) fixedly connected to the lower end of the supporting shell (31). The upper end of the supporting shell (31) is vertically hinged to the monitoring vehicle (2) and the monitoring vehicle (2) is provided with a first motor (36) that drives the supporting shell (31) to swing back and forth along the vertical plane. The monitoring vehicle (2) is provided with a strip hole (33) and the lower end of the supporting shell (31) passes through the strip hole (33) and is located below the monitoring vehicle (2). The soil moisture monitoring component (4) includes a soil moisture monitor, a first lead screw (41) and a first lead screw nut (42). The first lead screw nut (42) is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the monitoring vehicle (2). The first lead screw (41) is threaded in the first lead screw nut (42) in the vertical direction. The soil moisture monitor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first lead screw (41). A conical gear ring (45) is fixedly connected to the outside of the first lead screw nut (42). An active bevel gear (46) is rotatably connected to the monitoring vehicle (2). The active bevel gear (46) meshes with the conical gear ring (45). A switching component (47) is provided on the output shaft of the first motor (36). The first motor (36) alternately controls the support shell (31) to swing back and forth or controls the active bevel gear (46) to rotate through the switching component (47). The vegetation cover monitor (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support shell (31).

2. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear drive includes a chain (14), the monitoring vehicle (2) is fixedly connected to the chain (14), and the support frame (1) is rotatably connected to a sprocket (13) that meshes with the chain (14) and a second motor (15) that drives the sprocket (13) to rotate. An angular displacement encoder is provided on the sprocket (13).

3. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting shell (31) is provided with a slider (35), and the strip hole (33) is provided with an arc-shaped groove (34) for the slider (35) to be inserted.

4. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching component (47) includes a second lead screw (471), a second lead screw nut (472), a first slide key (473), and a second slide key (474). The second lead screw (471) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor (36). The second lead screw nut (472) is threadedly connected to the second lead screw (471). The first slide key (473) and the second slide key (474) are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the second lead screw nut (472). The supporting housing (31) is provided with a first keyway for the first slide key (473) to be embedded. 475), the active bevel gear (46) is provided with a second keyway (476) for the second slide key (474) to be inserted; the first slide key (473) is inserted into the first keyway (475), the second slide key (474) is disengaged from the second keyway (476), and the first motor (36) rotates to drive the support housing (31) to rotate; the second slide key (474) is inserted into the second keyway (476), the first slide key (473) is disengaged from the first keyway (475), and the first motor (36) rotates to drive the active bevel gear (46) to rotate.

5. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching component (47) further includes a limiting post (477), which includes a connecting cylinder (477a) and a limiting head (477b) slidably connected to the connecting cylinder (477a). A spring (477c) is fixedly connected inside the connecting cylinder (477a), and the upper end of the spring (477c) is fixedly connected to the limiting head (477b). The elastic force of the spring (477c) drives the limiting head (477b) away from the connecting cylinder (477a). The monitoring vehicle (2) is provided with a sleeve (478), and the switching component (47) is located inside the sleeve (478). The inner wall of the sleeve (478) is provided with a first limiting groove (478a) and a second limiting groove (478b) for the limiting head (477b) to be embedded in. The first limiting groove (478a) and the second limiting groove (478b) are both annular. When the limiting head (477b) is located in the first limiting groove (478a), the first sliding key (473) is embedded in the first keyway (475). When the limiting head (477b) is located in the second limiting groove (478b), the second sliding key (474) is embedded in the second keyway (476).

6. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A strip groove (478c) is provided between the first limiting groove (478a) and the second limiting groove (478b).

7. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil moisture monitor includes a data processing module and a monitoring probe (43), and a drill bit (44) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the monitoring probe (43).

8. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting block (411) is fixedly connected to the first lead screw (41), and a third limiting groove (412) is provided at the bottom of the trolley for the limiting block (411) to be inserted. A distance measuring plate (413) is fixedly connected to the first lead screw (41). The distance measuring plate (413) is located between the limiting block (411) and the soil moisture monitoring component (4). The end of the distance measuring plate (413) away from the first lead screw (41) is located below the distance measuring component (3).

9. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component includes a microcontroller and a wireless communication device. The ranging component (3), soil moisture monitoring component (4), vegetation cover monitoring instrument (5), first motor (36) and second motor (15) are connected to the control component via signal.

10. The multi-dimensional quantitative analysis and monitoring device for soil and water conservation in power transmission and transformation projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A protective box is provided on the support frame (1), and a battery is provided on the monitoring vehicle (2). The control component, laser rangefinder (32), soil moisture monitoring component (4), vegetation cover monitor (5), first motor (36) and second motor (15) are electrically connected to the battery; a charging power supply is provided inside the protective box.

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