Thermal rectification device based on combination of thermoelectric element and electronic diode and design method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal rectification, and provides a thermal rectification device based on combination of a thermoelectric element and an electronic diode and a design method. The thermal rectification device based on the combination of the thermoelectric element and the electronic diode comprises the thermoelectric element and the electronic diode, one end of the thermoelectric element is a heat source end, the other end of the thermoelectric element is a heat dissipation end, and the electronic diode is connected with the two ends of the thermoelectric element through wires. When the heat rectification device works, the heat rectification ratio of the heat rectification device is equal to the thermoelectric figure of merit of the thermoelectric element. The thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectification device completely depends on the thermoelectric performance of a thermoelectric element, and the thermal rectification device has stability, is not influenced by the physical dimension of materials and the processing technology, and is suitable for different scale occasions (from the nanoscale to the macroscale).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal rectification technology, and in particular to a thermal rectification device and design method based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Similar to an electric rectifier (electronic diode), a thermal rectifier (thermal diode) allows for greater heat transfer in a specific direction than in the opposite direction. This is typically achieved using the "thermal rectification ratio." Its thermal rectification capability is characterized by the ratio of the difference between the forward and reverse heat flows to the reverse heat flow. ,in, Indicates forward heat flow. This indicates reverse heat flow. Thermal rectification has potential applications in energy utilization, thermal management of electronic devices, and thermal logic operations. Thermal rectification is typically achieved through asymmetric design of the materials themselves. Specifically, this involves combining materials with different thermal conductivities or designing asymmetric geometries for the same material to obtain nonlinear thermal conductivity characteristics. However, the thermal rectification ratio obtained through this method depends on the material size and processing technology, and is usually low and its performance is not stable enough. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the limitations and instability in the thermal rectification ratio of current thermal rectifiers due to their reliance on different material combinations or geometric designs, this invention provides a thermal rectifier and its design method based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes. The thermal rectification ratio of this invention depends entirely on the thermoelectric performance of the thermoelectric elements, exhibiting stability and being unaffected by material geometry and processing technology. It is suitable for applications at different scales (from nanoscale to macroscale).

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides a thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes.

[0006] A thermal rectifier based on a combination of a thermoelectric element and an electronic diode includes: a thermoelectric element and an electronic diode, wherein one end of the thermoelectric element is a heat source end and the other end is a heat dissipation end, and the electronic diode is connected to both ends of the thermoelectric element through wires. When the thermal rectifier is working, the thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier is equal to the thermoelectric figure of merit of the thermoelectric element.

[0007] Furthermore, the thermoelectric element is Type thermoelectric element or Type of thermoelectric element.

[0008] Furthermore, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode, which conducts and establishes a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off and a reverse heat flow is established.

[0009] Furthermore, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode. When the heat dissipation end of a thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of an electronic diode, the electronic diode conducts, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off, establishing a reverse heat flow.

[0010] A second aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes.

[0011] A design method for a thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes, applied to the thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes as described in the first aspect, includes: The thermoelectric element generates a heat flow from the heat source end to the heat dissipation end. In a thermoelectric element, a Seebeck voltage is formed from the heat source end to the heat dissipation end; If the Seebeck voltage is the forward voltage of the electronic diode, the electronic diode conducts, and the voltage is transferred through the diode. All the electrical work generated by the thermoelectric element is used for... Joule heating is generated due to the internal resistance of the thermoelectric element. The amount of heat absorbed by the thermoelectric element from the heat source end is:

[0012] When no load is connected, the current is The expression is:

[0013] according to Calculate the forward heat flow from the heat source end of the thermoelectric element, considering the heat and current absorbed.

[0014] in, It is the thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element at average temperature, expressed as:

[0015] If the Seebeck voltage is the reverse voltage of the electronic diode, the electronic diode is cut off, and the reverse heat flow is:

[0016] Calculate the thermal rectification ratio based on the forward and reverse heat flows:

[0017] in, The heat absorbed from the heat source. The thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric element. Temperature at the heat source end, This refers to the temperature at the heat dissipation end. For current, The internal resistance of the thermoelectric element, This is the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric element. Forward heat flow The thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element. For reverse heat flow, This refers to the thermal rectification ratio; Similarly, when the thermoelectric element is When using a thermoelectric element, the thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier is equal to... The thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element.

[0018] A third aspect of the present invention provides a thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes.

[0019] A thermal rectifier based on a combination of a thermoelectric element and an electronic diode includes: a thermoelectric element, an electronic diode, and an external current source. One end of the thermoelectric element is a heat source end, and the other end is a heat dissipation end. The external current source and the electronic diode are connected in series and then connected to the two ends of the thermoelectric element through wires. The magnitude of the external current source is adjusted according to the temperature at the heat source end to maximize the forward heat flow and obtain the maximum thermal rectification ratio.

[0020] Furthermore, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode. When the heat dissipation end of a thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source, the electronic diode is turned on, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, establishing a reverse heat flow.

[0021] Furthermore, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode, which conducts and establishes a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off and a reverse heat flow is established.

[0022] Furthermore, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode; when the electronic diode is turned on, a forward heat flow is established; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, and a reverse heat flow is established.

[0023] Furthermore, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source; the electronic diode is turned on, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, establishing a reverse heat flow.

[0024] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a design method for a thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes.

[0025] A design method for a thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes, applied to the thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes described in the third aspect, includes: The magnitude of the external current source is adjusted according to the temperature at the heat source end; The current source current at which the forward heat flow is at its maximum is:

[0026] Calculate the maximum forward heat flux:

[0027] Reverse heat flow is:

[0028] Calculate the maximum thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier with an additional external current source based on the forward and reverse heat flows:

[0029] in, To provide positive heat flow from an additional external current source, This refers to the heat absorbed from the heat source when an external current source is added. The thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric element. Temperature at the heat source end, This refers to the temperature at the heat dissipation end. The magnitude of the external current source. This is the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric element. The internal resistance of the thermoelectric element, For reverse heat flow, The thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier device with an additional external current source is... This refers to the thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element.

[0030] Furthermore, the magnitude of the external current source can be adjusted according to the target requirements to obtain the target positive heat flow, thereby obtaining any rectification ratio between zero and the maximum thermal rectification ratio to adapt to a wide range of applications.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a thermal rectification device based on a combination of a thermoelectric element and an electronic diode. The device includes a thermoelectric element and an electronic diode, with the electronic diode connected to both ends of the thermoelectric element via wires to form a closed circuit. The two ends of the thermoelectric element are the heat source end and the heat dissipation end, respectively. This invention utilizes the thermoelectric effect to achieve a conversion from electrical rectification to thermal rectification. The thermal rectification performance of this invention depends entirely on the thermoelectric properties of the thermoelectric element, exhibiting stability unaffected by material geometry and processing technology. It is suitable for various scales (from nanoscale to macroscale), and its simple structure, composed of solid components with no moving parts, ensures safety and reliability.

[0032] The thermal rectifier of the present invention is also scalable, and can achieve an ultra-high thermal rectification ratio by means of an external power supply, thus meeting the control requirements of engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of forming a positive heat flow based on a P-type thermoelectric element, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of reverse heat flow based on a P-type thermoelectric element, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of forming a positive heat flow based on an N-type thermoelectric element, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of reverse heat flow based on an N-type thermoelectric element, as shown in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external circuit power supply structure shown in an embodiment of the present invention; Among them, 1. P-type thermoelectric element, 2. electronic diode, 3. wire, 4. N-type thermoelectric element, and 5. external current source. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0037] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0038] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this invention, some technical terms involved in this invention will be introduced below.

[0039] Thermoelectric conversion technology is a green and low-carbon technology that uses the thermoelectric effect to directly convert heat energy into electrical energy.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes provided by the present invention includes... Type 1 thermoelectric element (or Thermoelectric element 4) and electronic diode 2. Type 1 thermoelectric element (or The thermoelectric element 4) is connected to the electronic diode 2 via a wire 3.

[0041] This invention connects the two ends of a thermoelectric element to an external circuit to form a closed circuit. This constitutes a thermoelectric power generation system. When a temperature difference is applied across the two ends of the thermoelectric element, the element absorbs heat from the heat source end and converts it into electrical energy. When there is no load on the external circuit (short circuit condition), all the generated electrical energy is converted into Joule heat caused by the internal resistance of the thermoelectric element and released from the low-temperature end. When the external circuit is open-circuited or there is no external circuit, the thermoelectric element cannot generate electrical energy through the thermoelectric effect. Compared to the open-circuit condition, the thermoelectric element in the short-circuit condition conducts more heat from the heat source end to the heat dissipation end.

[0042] Figure 1 This is based on the embodiments of the present invention. A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of forward heat flow generated by a thermoelectric element; such as... Figure 1 As shown, in A temperature difference is applied to both ends of the thermoelectric element 1 to generate a heat flow from the heat source end (high temperature end) to the heat dissipation end (low temperature end); The heat source end of thermoelectric element 1 is connected to the negative terminal of electronic diode 2. The heat dissipation end of thermoelectric element 1 is connected to the positive terminal of electronic diode 2. Simultaneously, due to the thermoelectric effect, in... A Seebeck voltage is formed in thermoelectric element 1. In this case, in the external circuit... The Seebeck voltage generated in thermoelectric element 1 is the forward voltage of electron diode 2, thus electron diode 2 conducts. This closed circuit forms a thermoelectric power generation system. Since there is no load on the external circuit (short circuit case), through... The electrical work generated by thermoelectric element 1 is entirely used for... Joule heat is generated due to the internal resistance of thermoelectric element 1. According to the principle of thermoelectric power generation, The heat absorbed by thermoelectric element 1 from the heat source end is: (1) in, It is the thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric element. Temperature at the heat source end, This refers to the temperature at the heat dissipation end. For current, The internal resistance of the thermoelectric element, This is the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric element. The amount of heat absorbed from the heat source when the circuit is conducting. This is denoted as forward heat flow. In a short circuit, the heat absorbed from the heat source is equal to the heat released from the heat dissipation end. The expression for this short-circuit current is: (2) Substituting formula (2) into formula (1) yields the forward heat flow: (3) in, It is the arithmetic mean of the temperatures at the heat source and the heat dissipation end. This is the thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element, expressed as: (4) Figure 2 This is based on the embodiments of the present invention. A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of reverse heat flow in a thermoelectric element; such as Figure 2 As shown, in When a reverse temperature difference is applied across the two ends of thermoelectric element 1, then in The heat flow generated by thermoelectric element 1 is reversed; The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode. The heat dissipation end of thermoelectric element 1 is connected to the negative terminal of electronic diode 2. Simultaneously, due to the thermoelectric effect, in... A Seebeck voltage is formed in thermoelectric element 1. However, in the external circuit, in this case... The Seebeck voltage generated in thermoelectric element 1 is the reverse voltage of electron diode 2, thus electron diode 2 is cut off, and the closed circuit is equivalent to an open state. In this case, the thermoelectric effect has no effect on heat flow, and the heat conduction process follows the traditional Fourier law of heat conduction, that is: (5) The heat absorbed from the heat source when the circuit is open is called reverse heat flow. Therefore, the thermal rectification ratio of this thermal rectifier is... for: (6) Figure 1 , Figure 2 The thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier shown is determined by The thermoelectric properties of thermoelectric element 1 are determined by its value, which is equal to The thermoelectric figure of merit of type 1 thermoelectric element.

[0043] Figure 3 , Figure 4 The image shows the contents of The thermal rectifier of type 4 thermoelectric element. For example... Figure 3 As shown, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element 4 is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode 2. The heat dissipation end of thermoelectric element 4 is connected to the negative terminal of electronic diode 2. For example... Figure 4 As shown, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element 4 is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode 2. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element 4 is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode 2. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown Figure 1 , Figure 2 The figure includes The thermal rectifier of type thermoelectric element 1 has the same thermal rectification principle. It includes... The rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier of type thermoelectric element 4 is equal to The thermoelectric figure of merit of type 4 thermoelectric element. The difference lies in the fact that, for elements containing... For the heat rectifier device of type thermoelectric element 1, the forward heat flow is in the same direction as the current flow. For the thermal rectifier of the thermoelectric element 4, the forward heat flow is opposite to the current direction.

[0044] The thermal rectification device of the present invention has thermal rectification performance that depends entirely on the thermoelectric performance of the thermoelectric element. It is stable, unaffected by material geometry and processing technology, and suitable for different scales (from nanoscale to macroscale). In addition, it has a simple structure, is composed of solid components, has no moving parts, and is safe and reliable.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the external circuit power supply structure shown in an embodiment of the present invention; as follows: Figure 5 As shown, a thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric element and electronic diode includes a thermoelectric element, an electronic diode 2, and an external current source 5. One end of the thermoelectric element is a heat source end, and the other end is a heat dissipation end. The external current source 5 is connected in series with the electronic diode 2 and then connected to both ends of the thermoelectric element through a wire 3. If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode. When the heat dissipation end of a thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source, the electronic diode is turned on, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, establishing a reverse heat flow.

[0046] In one implementation, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode, which conducts and establishes a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off and a reverse heat flow is established.

[0047] In another embodiment, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode; when the electronic diode is turned on, a forward heat flow is established; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, and a reverse heat flow is established.

[0048] In another embodiment, if the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source; the electronic diode is turned on, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, establishing a reverse heat flow.

[0049] The thermal rectifier can be switched to an operating mode with an external current source 5. By adjusting the current of the external current source 5, the maximum forward heat flow can be obtained, thereby achieving the highest thermal rectification ratio. When the forward heat flow is at its maximum, the current expression is: (7) At this point, the maximum forward heat flux is: (8) The reverse heat flow remains unchanged. Therefore, the maximum thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier with the additional external current source 5 is: (9) in, To provide positive heat flow from an additional external current source, This refers to the heat absorbed from the heat source when an external current source is added. The thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric element. Temperature at the heat source end, This refers to the temperature at the heat dissipation end. The magnitude of the external current source. This is the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric element. The internal resistance of the thermoelectric element, For reverse heat flow, The thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier device with an additional external current source is... This refers to the thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element.

[0050] By introducing an external current source 5, the thermal rectification ratio is further improved, and its value is not only comparable to... Type 1 thermoelectric element or The thermoelectric performance of thermoelectric element 4 is related to the temperatures of the heat source and heat dissipation ends. When the temperature difference between the heat source and heat dissipation ends approaches zero, the thermal rectifier device with the external current source 5 can achieve an infinitely large thermal rectification ratio. Since the external current source 5 consumes electrical energy, the heat released at the heat dissipation end of the thermal rectifier device is greater than the heat absorbed at the heat source end. (Heat released at the heat dissipation end...) The expression is: (10) Calculate the electrical energy consumed by external current source 5. for: (11) By consuming external electrical energy, the thermal rectifier with the additional external current source 5 expands the range of thermal rectification ratio values.

[0051] Furthermore, the magnitude of the external current source can be adjusted according to the target requirements to obtain the target positive heat flow, thereby obtaining any rectification ratio between zero and the maximum thermal rectification ratio to adapt to a wide range of applications.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes, characterized in that, include: The thermoelectric element and the electronic diode are provided, wherein one end of the thermoelectric element is a heat source and the other end is a heat dissipation end, and the electronic diode is connected to both ends of the thermoelectric element by wires. When the thermal rectifier is working, the thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier is equal to the thermoelectric figure of merit of the thermoelectric element.

2. The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermoelectric element is Type thermoelectric element or Type of thermoelectric element.

3. The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode, which conducts and establishes a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off and a reverse heat flow is established.

4. The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes according to claim 2, characterized in that, If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode. When the heat dissipation end of a thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of an electronic diode, the electronic diode conducts, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off, establishing a reverse heat flow.

5. A design method for a thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes, characterized in that, The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes as described in any one of claims 1-4, comprising: Thermoelectric elements generate heat flow from the heat source end to the heat dissipation end. In a thermoelectric element, a Seebeck voltage is formed from the heat source end to the heat dissipation end; If the Seebeck voltage is the forward voltage of the electronic diode, the electronic diode conducts, and the voltage is transferred through the diode. All the electrical work generated by the thermoelectric element is used for... Joule heating is generated due to the internal resistance of the thermoelectric element. The amount of heat absorbed by the thermoelectric element from the heat source end is: When no load is connected, the current is The expression is: according to Calculate the forward heat flow from the heat source end of the thermoelectric element, considering the heat and current absorbed. in, It is the thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element at average temperature, expressed as: If the Seebeck voltage is the reverse voltage of the electronic diode, the electronic diode is cut off, and the reverse heat flow is: Calculate the thermal rectification ratio based on the forward and reverse heat flows: in, The heat absorbed from the heat source. The thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric element. Temperature at the heat source end, This refers to the temperature at the heat dissipation end. For current, The internal resistance of the thermoelectric element, This is the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric element. Forward heat flow For reverse heat flow, This refers to the thermal rectification ratio; Similarly, when the thermoelectric element is When using a thermoelectric element, the thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier is equal to... The thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element.

6. A thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes, characterized in that, The thermoelectric element, the electronic diode, and the external current source are provided. One end of the thermoelectric element is the heat source end, and the other end is the heat dissipation end. The external current source and the electronic diode are connected in series and then connected to the two ends of the thermoelectric element through wires. By adjusting the magnitude of the external current source, the forward heat flow is maximized, thus achieving the maximum thermal rectification ratio.

7. The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode. When the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source, the electronic diode is turned on, establishing a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, establishing a reverse heat flow. or, If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode, which conducts and establishes a forward heat flow; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is cut off and a reverse heat flow is established.

8. The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the negative terminal of the electronic diode; when the electronic diode is turned on, a forward heat flow is established; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, and a reverse heat flow is established. or, If the thermoelectric element is Type of thermoelectric element, when the thermal rectifier is working, The heat source end of the thermoelectric element is connected to the positive terminal of the electronic diode. The heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric element is connected to an external current source; When the electronic diode is turned on, a forward heat flow is established; when the positions of the heat source end and the heat dissipation end are interchanged, the electronic diode is turned off, and a reverse heat flow is established.

9. A design method for a thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes, characterized in that, The thermal rectifier based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes as described in any one of claims 6-8 comprises: The magnitude of the external current source is adjusted according to the temperature at the heat source end; The current source current at which the forward heat flow is at its maximum is: Calculate the maximum forward heat flux: Reverse heat flow is: Calculate the maximum thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier with an additional external current source based on the forward and reverse heat flows: in, To provide positive heat flow from an additional external current source, This refers to the heat absorbed from the heat source when an external current source is added. The thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric element. Temperature at the heat source end, This refers to the temperature at the heat dissipation end. The magnitude of the external current source. This is the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric element. The internal resistance of the thermoelectric element, For reverse heat flow, The thermal rectification ratio of the thermal rectifier device with an additional external current source is... This refers to the thermoelectric figure of merit of a thermoelectric element.

10. The design method for a thermal rectifier device based on a combination of thermoelectric elements and electronic diodes according to claim 9, characterized in that, Adjust the magnitude of the external current source according to the target requirements to obtain the target positive heat flow and obtain any rectification ratio between zero and the maximum thermal rectification ratio.

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