Nursing and feeding method for donkey foals in juvenile period

Abstract

The invention discloses a nursing and feeding method for donkey foals in the juvenile period, and relates to the technical field of nursing and feeding of the donkey foals. S1, colostrum period; s11, obtaining and feeding colostrum; s12, umbilical cord treatment; s2, lactation period; s21, environment management; s22, nutritional supplementary feeding; s23, performing health monitoring; s3, a weaning period; s31, preparing for weaning; s32, performing exercise and social contact; and S33, growth monitoring and adjustment. Through the combination of the knee position baffles and the body limiting plates, the four limbs of the female donkey and the moving range of the body of the female donkey can be mildly and stably fixed, aggressive behaviors such as foot sticking and kicking during lactation are prevented, and fracture, visceral injury or skin bruise caused by treading and impacting of foals are thoroughly avoided. And the risk that the foals are squeezed or collided due to actions such as sideways and retreats of the female donkeys can be reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of donkey foal nursing, and particularly relates to a nursing and feeding method for donkey foals in the early growth stage. BACKGROUND

[0002] The early growth stage of a donkey foal is the early growth stage of a donkey foal, which is the stage from birth to 6 months of age, has a pointed ear feature, and needs scientific feeding management to guarantee health and economic value. The early growth stage of a donkey foal is the most critical period of growth and development, and needs scientific nursing and fine feeding to guarantee the survival rate and subsequent production performance. Scientific nursing in the early growth stage directly affects the survival rate, growth rate and subsequent production performance of a donkey. The early growth stage of a donkey foal is the most vulnerable period of life, and is also a critical window for growth and development and establishment of the immune system.

[0003] However, in the existing foal feeding process, the foal may be injured due to the kicking of the mother donkey during breastfeeding. When the mother donkey kicks, it may step on the head, torso or limbs of the foal, causing fractures, internal organ ruptures, skin abrasions and other serious injuries. Moreover, the kicking behavior of the mother donkey may also scare the foal away, preventing it from continuously sucking colostrum or milk, which affects the intake of immunoglobulins and nutrients. Moreover, if the umbilical cord of the foal has not fully healed or there are other wounds, the kicking behavior may exacerbate the injury and increase the risk of infection such as omphalitis and sepsis.

[0004] There are related invention patents related to the feeding of donkey foals, as follows:

[0005] Chinese patent application number: CN202211293194.X, the invention patent name is: a method for improving the growth and development of foals, the present application relates to the technical field of livestock feeding, and is a method for improving the growth and development of foals; according to the following method: each foal is fed with 0.15kg to 1.0kg of mixed concentrate and 0.25kg to 1.0kg of alfalfa per day, the mixed concentrate and alfalfa are mixed uniformly before feeding, and the feeding is divided into three times with an interval of 6 to 8 hours each time. The method for improving the growth and development of foals of the present application can increase the daily weight gain by an average of 8% after 109 days compared with the existing foal feeding method, which shows that the present application can better supplement the required nutrients compared with the existing feeding method, so that the daily weight gain of foals is accelerated, and the growth and development of foals is significantly improved; at the same time, the feeding material in the present application is easy to obtain and is not limited by seasons, thereby facilitating the feeding of farmers and herdsmen and greatly improving the income of farmers and herdsmen.

[0006] However, the above existing patents can accelerate the daily weight gain of foals and significantly improve the growth and development of young foals, but cannot guarantee the harm that young foals may suffer from during growth. The aggressive behavior of the mother donkey may scare away the young foal, causing it to be unable to continuously suckle colostrum or milk, affecting the absorption of immunoglobulin and nutrient intake. Although the above existing invention increases the amount of concentrate feeding, if the young foal refuses to nurse due to fear, the nutritional supplement effect will be greatly reduced. Moreover, severe physical injury or long-term stress may cause the young foal to die or grow slowly, and even lead to a decline in overall economic benefits. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a donkey foal nursing and feeding method during the early growth period, which solves the problem that the mother donkey may cause harm to the young foal when nursing the young foal.

[0008] A donkey foal nursing and feeding method during the early growth period, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1, colostrum period: at this time, the foal is between 0-3 hours after birth, and the immune barrier of the foal needs to be established as soon as possible;

[0010] S11, colostrum acquisition and feeding: after birth, clean the foal's mouth and nose, body surface mucus with a warm towel to ensure unobstructed breathing, and guide the foal to suckle the mother donkey's colostrum;

[0011] S12, umbilical cord treatment: tie with a sterilized thread until the umbilical cord dries up and falls off;

[0012] S2, lactation period: at this time, the foal is between 1 day and 1 month after birth, and the nutrition needs to be strengthened and the disease needs to be prevented and controlled;

[0013] S21, environmental management: maintain the temperature and humidity of the delivery room, and regularly clean and disinfect the shed;

[0014] S22, nutritional supplementation: start supplementing high-quality hay and concentrate after 1 week of age;

[0015] S23, health monitoring: daily detection of body temperature, observation of feces and respiratory rate;

[0016] S3, weaning period: at this time, the foal is between 2 months and 6 months old, and needs to promote its growth and gradually adapt to independence;

[0017] S31, weaning preparation: start reducing the number of nursing times at 4 months of age, while increasing the proportion of concentrate and hay, and completely wean at 6 months of age;

[0018] S32, exercise and socialization: daily driving exercise to promote bone development and muscle strength, setting up obstacles to exercise coordination, and mixing young foals with peers;

[0019] S33, growth monitoring and adjustment: weigh and record the growth curve every month, if the weight gain is slow, adjust the feed formula or check the health status.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S11, the warm towel cleaning time needs to be controlled within 30 minutes after birth, the time for guiding the foal to suck the colostrum of the jenny needs to be controlled within 1 hour after birth, the foal can stand up about half an hour after birth, if the jenny refuses to nurse, artificial intervention is adopted, if the jenny has low milk production, special replacement milk powder for donkeys is adopted. The foal can stand up about 30 minutes after birth, at this time, its muscle strength and coordination are sufficient to support the sucking behavior. Synchronizing the sucking time with the standing time can avoid sucking failure caused by insufficient physical strength of the foal and ensure that the colostrum intake meets the standard.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present application, the artificial intervention is carried out by using a special control device, the special control device is used to control the position of the jenny and ensure that the jenny does not kick the foal when being controlled, the special device includes a stepping floor, four sliding grooves are symmetrically formed at the top end of the stepping floor, a stepping position is formed at the center of the top end of the stepping floor, a sliding block is slidably connected in each sliding groove, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the top end of each sliding block, a vertical plate is fixedly connected to the side of each connecting rod close to the stepping position, a knee position baffle is fixedly connected to the side of each vertical plate close to the stepping position, a body limiting plate is fixedly connected to the top end of each vertical plate on the same side, a U-shaped soft pad is fixedly connected to the inside of each knee position baffle, a square soft pad is fixedly connected to the side of each body limiting plate close to each other, a fixing nail is fixedly connected to the side of each knee position baffle away from the stepping position, a rotating snap pin is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the fixing nail, a clamping groove is fixedly connected to the side of each knee position baffle away from the stepping position, the rotating snap pin is clamped in the inside of the clamping groove, and the knee position baffle is used to fix the legs of the jenny. Through the combination of the knee position baffle and the body limiting plate, the movement range of the limbs and the trunk of the jenny can be gently but stably fixed, and aggressive behaviors such as kicking the hoof and kicking the leg during nursing can be prevented, and fractures, internal organ injuries or skin abrasions caused by the foal being stepped on and hit can be completely avoided.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S12, the disinfection thread knot is located 3-5 cm away from the abdominal wall of the foal, the disinfection thread knot is soaked in 5%-9% iodophor for 5-7 minutes, the disinfection frequency is twice a day, the umbilical cord dryness and shedding time is about 7 days, whether the umbilical cord around is red and swollen and exudes liquid is observed during the waiting period, and the jenny is immediately isolated and injected with antibiotics if the red swelling and exudation is found. Precise ligation positioning and scientific disinfection scheme can adapt to foals of different sizes, and ensure that the length of the residual umbilical cord after ligation is convenient for natural dryness and shedding, and avoids excessive length of the residual umbilical cord.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S21, the temperature of the delivery room is controlled at 25-30 DEG C, the humidity of the delivery room is controlled at 60-70%, the frequency of cleaning is 2 times per day, the frequency of disinfection is 2 times per week, the independent delivery stall of the shed is provided with an area of 4 m2 or more, the floor of the delivery stall is paved with anti-skid rubber pads to avoid the mother donkey stepping on, and the night infrared monitoring is provided in the delivery stall. The temperature and humidity of the delivery room are strictly controlled in the suitable range of 25-30 DEG C and 60-70%, compared with the wide range fluctuation of the prior art, the stress reaction of the foal caused by the too high / low temperature and the too dry / wet humidity can be reduced, and the physiological characteristics of the foal in the lactation period, such as the weak body temperature regulation ability and the tender skin, are matched.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S22, the hay is alfalfa and oat grass, the concentrate ingredients are 40% corn, 20% soybean meal, 15% wheat bran, 5% bone meal and 2% premix, the concentrate is gradually increased from 50 g / day at 1 week old to 500 g / day at 1 month old, the daily additional vitamin AD and vitamin E are added in the concentrate, and the amount of the vitamin AD and vitamin E is calculated according to the body weight of the foal. The hay and the concentrate are scientifically matched, the multi-stage nutrition demand of the foal is met, the step-by-step concentrate increasing scheme and the body weight dependent vitamin AD / E addition are realized, the nutrition precision, the digestion adaptation and the immune strengthening of the foal feeding are realized, and the growth speed, the bone development quality and the disease resistance of the foal are significantly improved.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S23, the health state body temperature of the foal is 37.5-38.5 DEG C, the health state excrement of the foal is normally yellow-brown soft stool, the health state respiratory rate of the foal is 12-20 times / min, the foal is injected with tetanus antitoxin at 7 days after birth, the foal is inoculated with donkey plague vaccine at 14 days after birth, the foal needs to be deparasitized once a month, and the deparasitization adopts ivermectin. Through the daily 2 times of body temperature monitoring, the disease can be found early, and the death caused by delayed treatment is reduced.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S31, the frequency of nursing is reduced from 3 times per day to 1 time, the proportion of the concentrate and the hay is adjusted to 60% of the concentrate in the daily diet, and the body weight of the foal at weaning should reach 30-40% of the adult donkey. Through the gradual reduction of the frequency of nursing, the increase of the proportion of the concentrate to 60% and the setting of the weaning weight standard, the low stress, the high nutrition adaptation and the health guarantee of the foal weaning are realized, and the growth speed, the feed utilization rate and the health level after weaning are significantly improved.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S32, the driving movement time is 1-2 hours.

[0028] As a further improvement of the application, if the mare refuses to nurse, the reason for the refusal is investigated, if the reason is inflammation disease, treatment is needed, if the reason is environmental stress, artificial touch, soothing music and a quiet environment are needed to reduce the mare's tension, if the reason is the weakening of maternal instinct caused by genetic differences of the mare, artificial intervention is needed to find a foster mare or special milk powder feeding. Through accurate diagnosis of the reason for the mare's refusal to nurse and targeted intervention, the multiple win goal of "mare health recovery - foal nutrition guarantee - breeding benefit improvement" is achieved, which significantly reduces the foal mortality rate, improves the growth performance and the economic benefit of the farm.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. By combining the knee stop plate and the body limiting plate, the movement range of the mare's limbs and torso can be gently but firmly fixed, preventing aggressive behaviors such as kicking and kicking during nursing, completely avoiding fractures, internal injuries or skin abrasions caused by stepping and colliding of the foal. It can also reduce the risk of foal crushing or collision caused by the mare's side and backward movement.

[0031] 2. By using high elasticity and low allergy materials, the U-shaped soft pad and the square soft pad can buffer the hard contact pressure between the mare's limbs and the device, reduce the pain during the fixing process, and reduce the anxiety and struggle behavior caused by the mare's discomfort. The U-shaped structure of the knee stop plate fits the physiological curvature of the mare's knee joint, avoiding forced stretching or twisting of the joint; the arc design of the body limiting plate conforms to the torso contour of the mare, reducing local compression and improving the mare's cooperation.

[0032] 3. By forcing the foal to take colostrum, whether the mare cooperates or not, the foal can obtain high concentration of immunoglobulin (colostrum IgG concentration ≥ 50g / L), forming an effective immune barrier, and the survival rate is increased by 10%-15% compared with the natural nursing mode.

[0033] 4. By sliding connection design of the sliding groove and the sliding block, the distance between the vertical plates can be adjusted according to the size of the mare, adapting to different sizes of mares and improving the versatility of the device. The rotating pin and the slot can be quickly fixed or released with one hand, reducing operation time and labor cost, especially suitable for the efficient management needs of large-scale breeding farms.

[0034] 5. Different interventions are implemented based on the cause of the mare's refusal to walk. For refusal to nurse due to inflammation, treatment is used to eliminate the cause and restore the mare's ability to nurse. For refusal due to environmental stress, targeted relief is provided through "stroking + soothing music + a quiet environment," avoiding indiscriminate artificial intervention that could damage the mother-foal bond. For foals with genetically weakened maternal instincts, surrogacy or specialized milk replacer is used to ensure adequate nutrition. This categorized intervention improves the success rate of natural nursing by the mare while avoiding digestive discomfort in foals caused by the overuse of milk replacer, balancing practicality and targeted intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the special control device in this invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another state of the special control device in this invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the slider, knee position baffle, and body limiting plate in this invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 101, footrest base; 102, sliding groove; 103, footrest position; 104, slider; 105, connecting rod; 106, vertical plate; 107, knee position baffle; 108, body limiting plate; 109, U-shaped soft pad; 110, square soft pad; 111, fixing pin; 112, rotating locking pin; 113, locking groove. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] A method for caring for and feeding donkey foals during their early stages, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0043] S1, Colostrum Period: At this time, the foal is between 0-3 hours after birth, and it is necessary to establish an immune barrier for the foal as soon as possible.

[0044] S11. Colostrum Acquisition and Feeding: After birth, clean the foal's mouth, nose, and body surface with a warm towel to ensure unobstructed breathing, and guide the foal to suckle the mother donkey's colostrum. The warm towel cleaning should be completed within 30 minutes of birth, and the foal should be guided to suckle within 1 hour. The foal should be able to stand approximately half an hour after birth. If the mother donkey refuses to nurse, artificial intervention is required. If the mother donkey's milk production is too low, donkey-specific milk replacer should be used. If the mother donkey refuses to nurse, investigate the cause. If the cause is an inflammatory disease, treatment is necessary. If the cause is environmental stress, artificial stroking, playing soothing music, and maintaining a quiet environment should be used to reduce the mother donkey's anxiety. If the cause is weakened maternal instinct due to individual genetic differences in the mother donkey, artificial intervention is needed to find a foster mother donkey or feed the foal with special milk replacer. Strictly limiting cleaning to within 30 minutes and colostrum suckling to within 1 hour aligns with the optimal absorption window of immunoglobulins in colostrum. This ensures that foals acquire antibody protection through passive immunization before their immune systems mature, significantly reducing the risk of neonatal diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Moreover, regardless of the mother donkey's cooperation, forced colostrum intake guarantees foals receive a high concentration of immunoglobulins (colostrum IgG concentration ≥50g / L), forming an effective immune barrier and increasing survival rates by 10%-15% compared to natural nursing.

[0045] The artificial intervention is carried out using a special control device. This device controls the position of the mother donkey and ensures that she does not kick the foal while being controlled. The special device includes a footrest plate 101, with four symmetrical sliding grooves 102 at the top of the footrest plate 101. A footrest position 103 is located at the center of the top of the footrest plate 101. Sliding blocks 104 are slidably connected inside each of the sliding grooves 102. A connecting rod 105 is fixedly connected to the top of each sliding block 104. A vertical plate 106 is fixedly connected to the side of each connecting rod 105 near the footrest position 103. A knee guard 107 is fixedly connected to the side of each vertical plate 106 near the footrest position 103. The tops of the two side vertical plates 106 are each fixedly connected to a body limiting plate 108. U-shaped soft pads 109 are fixedly connected inside the knee position baffles 107. Square soft pads 110 are fixedly connected to the sides of the two body limiting plates 108 closest to each other. A fixing nail 111 is fixedly connected to the side of one knee position baffle 107 away from the stepping position 103. A rotating locking pin 112 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the fixing nail 111. A corresponding locking groove 113 is fixedly connected to the side of the knee position baffle 107 away from the stepping position 103. The rotating locking pin 112 engages inside the locking groove 113. The knee position baffles 107 are used to fix the legs of the mother donkey. Through the combination of the knee position baffles 107 and the U-shaped soft pads 109, the limbs of the mother donkey can be gently but firmly fixed, preventing aggressive behaviors such as kicking or stomping during nursing, and completely avoiding fractures, internal organ damage, or skin abrasions caused by trampling or impact to the foal. The body limiting plate 108 and the square soft pad 110 work together to restrict the range of movement of the mother donkey's torso, ensuring that her standing position is fixed in the center of the stepping position 103, reducing the risk of squeezing or colliding with the foal due to the mother donkey's sideways or backward movements. The sliding connection design of the sliding groove 102 and the slider 104 allows the spacing of the vertical plate 106 to be adjusted according to the body size of the mother donkey, adapting to mother donkeys of different sizes and improving the versatility of the device.

[0046] S12, Umbilical Cord Treatment: Ligate the umbilical cord with sterile suture until it dries and falls off. The suture should be placed 3-5 cm from the foal's abdominal wall. Soak the cut end of the suture in a 5%-9% concentration of povidone-iodine for 5-7 minutes, twice daily. The umbilical cord will dry and fall off in approximately 7 days. During this period, observe the area around the umbilical cord for redness, swelling, or oozing. If redness, swelling, or oozing is observed, immediately isolate the foal and administer antibiotics.

[0047] Example 1 uses key data on colostrum care for foals as a comparison condition to analyze the data advantages of the present invention in detail. The specific comparison table is as follows:

[0048] Table 1. Comparison of Key Data on Colostrum Care for Foals

[0049] Technical parameters Conventional parameters of the prior art Advantages of the present technology Colostrum period time limit 0-3 hours after birth (immunity critical period) 0-6 hours after birth (time is broad) Precise lock immune barrier establishment golden window Oral / nasal / mucous membrane cleaning time Within 30 minutes after birth Within 60 minutes after birth (no strict limit) Quickly ensure respiratory tract unobstructed and reduce pathogen breeding Colostrum sucking guide completion time Within 1 hour after birth Within 2-3 hours after birth (easy to delay) Maximize the absorption of maternal antibodies to improve immune effect Umbilical cord ligation position 3-5 cm away from the foal's abdominal wall ≤2 cm or ≥6 cm (position is arbitrary) Balance ligation stability and tissue residue safety Umbilical cord disinfection scheme 5%-9% iodophor soaking for 5-7 minutes, twice a day ≤3% / ≥10% iodophor, 3-5 minutes, once a day Sufficient disinfection without irritation and continuous bacterial inhibition Expected time of umbilical cord shedding About 7 days (clear observation period) 5-10 days (no fixed monitoring node) Convenient for precise tracking of healing state Foal rejection intervention method Classification processing (inflammation treatment / stress relief / foster care) Direct artificial feeding / replacement of milk powder (blind intervention) Targeted problem solving to improve feeding success rate Umbilical cord abnormality processing Immediately isolate and inject antibiotics for redness and exudation Delayed processing after discovery (no standard process) Quickly control infection and prevent disease spread

[0050] Based on Table 1 above, it can be concluded that, compared with existing technologies, current technologies often employ a "one-size-fits-all" artificial feeding approach for cases of mare refusing to nurse, failing to identify the root cause and potentially leading to recurring problems. This technology intervenes according to different categories: refusal to nurse caused by inflammation is treated to eliminate the cause and restore the mare's ability to nurse; environmental stress is addressed specifically through "stroking + soothing music + a quiet environment," avoiding indiscriminate artificial intervention that could damage the mother-foal bond; and genetically weakened maternal instincts are addressed directly with foster care or specialized milk replacer to ensure adequate nutrition for the foal. This categorized intervention improves the success rate of natural nursing by the mare while avoiding digestive discomfort in the foal due to the overuse of milk replacer, balancing practicality and targeted intervention.

[0051] S2, Lactation period: At this time, the foal is 1 day to 1 month old and needs to be given enhanced nutrition and disease prevention and control.

[0052] S21, Environmental Management: Maintain the temperature and humidity in the farrowing pen, and regularly clean and disinfect the pen. The temperature in the farrowing pen should be controlled at 25-30℃, and the humidity at 60%-70%. The cleaning frequency is twice a day, and the disinfection frequency is twice a week. Each pen should have an independent farrowing pen with an area of ​​≥4㎡. The floor of the farrowing pen should be covered with non-slip rubber mats to prevent the mother donkey from trampling on it. Infrared monitoring should be installed in the farrowing pen at night.

[0053] S22, Supplemental Feeding: Begin supplementing with high-quality hay and concentrate after 1 week of age. The hay consists of alfalfa and oat hay. The concentrate formula is 40% corn, 20% soybean meal, 15% wheat bran, 5% bone meal, and 2% premix. The concentrate is gradually increased from 50g / day for 1-week-old foals to 500g / day for 1-month-old foals. Vitamins A and D and vitamin E are added to the concentrate daily, with the dosage of vitamins A, D, and E calculated based on the foal's weight.

[0054] S23, Health Monitoring: Daily monitoring of body temperature, feces, and respiratory rate. A healthy foal has a body temperature of 37.5-38.5℃, normal yellowish-brown soft feces, and a respiratory rate of 12-20 breaths per minute. Foals are injected with tetanus antitoxin 7 days after birth and vaccinated against asparagus distemper 14 days after birth. Foals require monthly deworming with ivermectin.

[0055] Example 2 uses key data on foal nursing care as a comparison condition to analyze the data advantages of the present invention in detail. The specific comparison table is as follows:

[0056] Table 2 Comparison of Key Data on Fry Nursing Care

[0057] Invention parameters Conventional parameters Advantages of the present invention Delivery room temperature 25-30℃ (precise constant temperature) 20-35℃ (greater fluctuation) Temperature stability, in line with the characteristics of weak foal body temperature regulation ability Delivery room humidity 60%-70% (appropriate range) 50%-80% (humidity imbalance) Avoid dryness and cracking due to low humidity, and bacterial breeding due to high humidity Frequency of cage cleaning / disinfection 2 times a day / 2 times a week 1 time a day / 1 time every 2 weeks Reduce pathogen accumulation and reduce infection risk Independent delivery stall area ≥4㎡ ≤3㎡ (space crowded) Avoid stepping on the mare to ensure the foal's activity space Delivery stall protection / monitoring Anti-slip rubber mat + night infrared monitoring No anti-slip measures / no special monitoring Anti-falling injury + real-time monitoring of foal state Supplementary feeding start time 1 week old (timely supplementary feeding) After 2 weeks old (supplementary feeding delay) Meet the nutritional needs of rapid growth of foals Hay types Alfalfa + oat grass (mixed high-quality hay) Single hay (such as only alfalfa) More balanced nutrition to improve roughage digestion and absorption Daily intake of concentrate 50g (1 week old) → 500g (1 month old) (gradient increase) No clear gradient (random addition) Adapt to the digestive capacity of foals to avoid gastrointestinal discomfort Additional nutritional supplements Add vitamins AD, E according to body weight No additional addition / fixed dose (not according to body weight) Precise nutritional supplementation to promote bone development and immune enhancement Health monitoring indicators Body temperature 37.5-38.5℃, yellow-brown soft stool, respiratory rate 12-20 times / min Fuzzy indicators (such as "normal body temperature" "no abnormality in feces") Convenient for quickly judging health status and timely discovering abnormalities Vaccine / parasite control scheme Tetanus antitoxin at 7 days, equine distemper vaccine at 14 days, and ivermectin parasite control every month Vaccine time is not fixed / parasite control frequency ≤1 time every 2 months Targeted prevention and control of high-incidence diseases and reduction of parasitic infection

[0058] Based on Table 2 above, it can be concluded that, compared with existing technologies, this invention strictly controls the temperature and humidity of the foal within a suitable range of 25-30℃ and 60%-70%. Compared with the wide fluctuations of existing technologies, this reduces stress responses in foals caused by excessively high / low temperatures or excessively dry / wet humidity, which is in line with the physiological characteristics of lactating foals, such as weak thermoregulation and delicate skin. Furthermore, the high-frequency cleaning—twice daily and twice weekly—combined with an independent foal pen of ≥4㎡, non-slip rubber mats, and nighttime infrared monitoring, solves the problem of pathogen growth caused by "crowded space and insufficient cleaning" in existing technologies. It also prevents accidents such as trampling by the mother donkey and injuries to the foal through physical protection and real-time monitoring, comprehensively ensuring the safety of the foal's living environment.

[0059] S3, Weaning period: At this time, the foal is between 2 and 6 months old and needs to be promoted to grow and gradually adapt to independence.

[0060] S31, Weaning Preparation: Begin gradually reducing the frequency of nursing at 4 months of age, while increasing the proportion of concentrate and hay, and completely weaning at 6 months of age. Reduce nursing frequency from 3 times a day to 1 time a day, and adjust the proportion of concentrate and hay to 60% of the daily ration. The foal's weight at weaning should reach 30%-40% of the adult donkey's weight.

[0061] S32, Exercise and Socialization: Daily driving exercise for 1-2 hours to promote bone development and muscle strength, setting up obstacles to improve coordination, and raising foals with peers.

[0062] S33, Growth Monitoring and Adjustment: Weigh and record the growth curve monthly. If weight gain is slow, adjust the feed formula or check the health status.

[0063] Example 3 uses key data on foal weaning care as a comparison condition to analyze the data advantages of the present invention in detail. The specific comparison table is as follows:

[0064] Table 3 Comparison of Key Data on Falcon Weaning Care

[0065] Technical parameters Conventional parameters of the prior art Advantages of the technology Weaning transition start time 4 months old (gradual transition) 3 months old (too early) or after 5 months old (too late) Aligns with the pace of digestive function development, reduces weaning stress Breastfeeding frequency adjustment method 3 times a day → 1 time (gradient decrease) Abrupt weaning (directly stop breastfeeding) Avoids gastrointestinal disorders and smoothly adapts to solid feed Proportion of concentrate in daily ration 60% (adapt to growth needs) 40%-50% (low proportion) or 70%+ (excessive proportion) Sufficient energy and protein, considering digestive burden Weaning weight standard 30%-40% of adult donkey (clearly meet the requirements) No clear standard (only look at age) Guarantee growth foundation, reduce the risk of subsequent development delay Daily exercise time 1-2 hours (driving exercise + obstacle training) ≤1 hour (mainly free activity) Promote bone development and muscle strength, improve coordination Social mode Mixed with peers Single feeding or mixed with donkeys of different ages Cultivate social skills, reduce loneliness stress Growth monitoring frequency Weigh every month + record growth curve Weigh every 2-3 months (monitoring lag) Timely detect growth abnormalities, quickly adjust the program Growth abnormality handling method Adjust the feed formula / check health status Only increase the amount of feed (blind intervention) Targeted problem solving, avoid ineffective feeding

[0066] Based on Table 3 above, it can be concluded that, compared with existing technologies, this invention adopts a gradient model of starting weaning at 4 months and completely weaning at 6 months. By gradually reducing the number of feedings from 3 times a day to 1 time a day, and increasing the proportion of concentrate feed to 60%, this invention allows the foal's digestive system to gradually adapt to solid feed (concentrate + hay) compared to existing technologies that involve "sudden weaning" or "too short / too long transition time." This avoids problems such as diarrhea, indigestion, and refusal to eat caused by digestive disorders. Moreover, it clearly defines the quantitative standard of "weaning weight reaching 30%-40% of the adult donkey's weight," which avoids the insufficient weight and low immunity of foals caused by existing technologies that "wean only according to age," while ensuring that the foal has the ability to eat independently and absorb nutrients, laying the foundation for subsequent growth.

[0067] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for nursing and raising a foal of a donkey in a foal stage, characterized by, Specifically comprising the following steps: S1, colostrum period: at this time, the foal is between 0-3 hours after birth, and the immune barrier needs to be established as soon as possible for the foal; S11, colostrum acquisition and feeding: after birth, the foal's mouth and nose, body surface mucus are cleaned with a warm towel to ensure unobstructed breathing, and the foal is guided to suck the mare's colostrum; S12, umbilical cord treatment: ligation with a sterile thread until the umbilical cord shrinks and falls off; S2, lactation period: at this time, the foal is between 1 day and 1 month after birth, and the nutrition needs to be strengthened and the disease needs to be prevented and controlled; S21, environmental management: the temperature and humidity of the delivery room are maintained, and the cage is cleaned and disinfected regularly; S22, nutritional supplementation: high-quality hay and concentrate are supplemented after 1 week of age; S23, health monitoring: daily detection of body temperature, observation of feces and respiratory rate; S3, weaning period: at this time, the foal is between 2 months and 6 months old, and needs to promote its growth and gradually adapt to independence; S31, weaning preparation: starting at 4 months of age, gradually reduce the number of breastfeeding, while increasing the proportion of concentrate and hay, and completely weaning at 6 months of age; S32, exercise and socialization: daily driving exercise to promote bone development and muscle strength, setting obstacles to exercise coordination, and mixing the foal with peers; S33, growth monitoring and adjustment: monthly weight and growth curve recording, if the weight gain is slow, the feed formula needs to be adjusted or the health status needs to be checked.

2. A method of care and feeding of foal younglings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the warm towel cleaning time needs to be controlled within 30 minutes after birth, and the foal is guided to suck the mare's colostrum within 1 hour after birth. The foal can stand up about half an hour after birth, if the mare refuses to breastfeed, artificial intervention is needed, and if the mare's milk production is too low, special foal milk powder is used.

3. A method of care and feeding of foal younglings according to claim 1, wherein: The artificial intervention is carried out by special control devices for controlling the position of the mare and ensuring that the mare will not kick the foal when being controlled, and the special device comprises a stepping floor (101), four sliding grooves (102) are symmetrically formed in the top end of the stepping floor (101), a stepping position (103) is formed in the center of the top end of the stepping floor (101), sliding blocks (104) are slidably connected in the sliding grooves (102), connecting rods (105) are fixedly connected to the top ends of the sliding blocks (104), vertical plates (106) are fixedly connected to the connecting rods (105) close to the stepping position (103), knee position baffle plates (107) are fixedly connected to the vertical plates (106) close to the stepping position (103), body limiting plates (108) are fixedly connected to the top ends of the vertical plates (106) on the same side, U-shaped soft pads (109) are fixedly connected to the knee position baffle plates (107), square soft pads (110) are fixedly connected to the body limiting plates (108) close to each other, fixed nails (111) are fixedly connected to the knee position baffle plates (107) away from the stepping position (103), rotating clamping pins (112) are rotatably connected to the outer surfaces of the fixed nails (111), clamping grooves (113) are fixedly connected to the knee position baffle plates (107) away from the stepping position (103), and the rotating clamping pins (112) are clamped in the clamping grooves (113), and the knee position baffle plates (107) are used for fixing the legs of the mare.

4. A method of care and feeding of foal younglings according to claim 1, wherein: In step S12, the disinfection thread is tied at a position 3-5 cm away from the abdominal wall of the foal, the end of the disinfection thread is soaked in 5%-9% iodophor for 5-7 min, the disinfection frequency is twice a day, the umbilical cord is dried and falls off in about 7 days, and whether the umbilical cord around is red and swollen and exudes liquid is observed during the drying and falling off of the umbilical cord, and if the red swelling and exudation are found, the foal is immediately isolated and injected with antibiotics.

5. A method of care and feeding of foal younglings according to claim 1, wherein: In step S21, the temperature of the delivery room is controlled to be 25-30 DEG C, the humidity of the delivery room is controlled to be 60%-70%, the cleaning frequency is twice a day, the disinfection frequency is twice a week, the area of the independent delivery room in the stall is greater than or equal to 4 square meters, the floor in the delivery room is paved with anti-skid rubber pads to avoid the mare stepping, and the infrared monitoring at night is arranged in the delivery room.

6. A method of foal nursing and rearing according to claim 1, wherein: In step S22, the hay is alfalfa and oat grass, the concentrate ingredients are 40% corn, 20% soybean meal, 15% wheat bran, 5% bone meal and 2% premix, the concentrate is gradually increased from 50 g / day at 1 week old to 500 g / day at 1 month old, vitamin AD and vitamin E are additionally added in the concentrate every day, and the amount of the vitamin AD and the vitamin E is calculated according to the weight of the foal.

7. A method of foal nursing and rearing according to claim 1, wherein: In step S23, the foal health state temperature is 37.5-38.5℃, the foal health state excrement is normal and appears yellow-brown soft stool, the foal health state respiratory rate is 12-20 times / min, the foal is injected with tetanus antitoxin 7 days after birth, the foal is inoculated with equine distemper vaccine 14 days after birth, the foal needs to be dewormed once a month, and the deworming uses ivermectin.

8. A method of foal nursing and rearing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In step S31, the number of nursing times is reduced from 3 times a day to 1 time, and the ratio of concentrate and hay is adjusted to 60% of concentrate in the daily diet, and the weight of the foal at weaning should reach 30-40% of the adult donkey.

9. A method of foal nursing and rearing according to claim 1, wherein: In step S32, the driving movement time is 1-2 hours.

10. A method of foal nursing and rearing according to claim 2, wherein: If the mare refuses to nurse, the reason for the refusal is investigated, if the reason is inflammation disease caused, it needs to be treated, if the reason is stress caused by the environment, artificial touch, soothing music and keeping the environment quiet are needed to reduce the nervousness of the mare, if the reason is the weakening of maternal instinct caused by genetic differences of the mare, artificial intervention is needed to find a foster mare or special milk powder feeding.

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