A high-yield, lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer for rapeseed and its application method

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-yield, lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer for rapeseed and its application method, relating to the field of agricultural technology. The lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer consists of: sodium lignin sulfonate at a concentration of 1-3 g / L; ethephon at a concentration of 10-30 mg / L; melatonin at a concentration of 20-50 mg / L; and water as the remainder. It is applied once to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage, at a rate of 20-40 kg per acre. This invention utilizes the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin. A single application to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage can significantly improve the lodging resistance of rapeseed, increase the cellulose and lignin content in the stems, enhance bending strength, significantly reduce the lodging index, and increase yield. This invention has outstanding effects, simple components, and is easy to use, making it promising for widespread application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, specifically to a high-yield, lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer for rapeseed and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] During the mid-to-late stages of rapeseed growth, lodging frequently occurs due to the plant's tall stature, concentrated silique layer, and susceptibility to adverse weather conditions. Lodging not only significantly reduces rapeseed yield but also causes a series of problems, including decreased oil quality, difficulties in mechanical harvesting, and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Therefore, in-depth research into the background technologies for rapeseed lodging resistance is of great significance for promoting the advancement of high-yield and high-quality rapeseed breeding and cultivation techniques.

[0003] Rapeseed lodging can be mainly divided into two types: root lodging and stem lodging. Root lodging is usually caused by poor root development and shallow roots, which cannot effectively support the above-ground parts. Under conditions of wind and rain erosion or loose soil, the plant tilts or falls over from the root. Stem lodging mainly occurs at the internodes at the base of the stem. The reasons include insufficient stem mechanical strength, low cellulose and lignin content, thin stem walls, and excessively large pith cavities, which cause the plant to bend when bearing the weight of the upper parts (especially the full siliques).

[0004] Research on the lodging resistance of rapeseed has evolved from traditional morphological observation to a multidisciplinary approach involving modern biotechnology. For example, physiological and biochemical mechanisms are being studied, focusing on the chemical composition of stem cell walls. The content and composition of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are the material basis for stem mechanical strength. The activity of key enzymes in related synthetic pathways (such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PAL and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase CAD) has become a research hotspot. Furthermore, mineral nutrients such as silicon have been found to enhance stem hardness and elasticity.

[0005] With the development of genomics, researchers have used linkage and association analyses to locate a large number of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) in rapeseed linked to lodging resistance traits such as plant height, stem diameter, and lignin content. The functions of some candidate genes, such as those regulating gibberellin metabolism (affecting plant height) and those regulating lignin synthesis, are being elucidated in greater detail. This makes it possible to precisely improve rapeseed lodging resistance using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and gene editing technologies, greatly accelerating the breeding process of new lodging-resistant rapeseed varieties.

[0006] However, current mineral nutrients such as silicon have poor lodging resistance when used alone and cannot meet current lodging resistance requirements. Molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and gene editing technologies are relatively complex, with high costs and long breeding times.

[0007] Therefore, developing a foliar fertilizer that is high-yielding and has good lodging resistance, with synergistic components, simple ingredients, and easy to use, is an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a high-yield, lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer for rapeseed and its application method. This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology. The lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer consists of: sodium lignin sulfonate at a concentration of 1-3 g / L; ethephon at a concentration of 10-30 mg / L; melatonin at a concentration of 20-50 mg / L; and the remainder is water. It is applied once to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage, at a rate of 20-40 kg per acre. This invention utilizes the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin. A single application to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage can significantly improve the high-yield, lodging-resistant performance of rapeseed, enhance stem bending resistance, significantly reduce the lodging index, and increase yield. This invention has outstanding effects, simple components, and is easy to use, making it promising for widespread application.

[0009] To achieve the above technical effects, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0010] A foliar fertilizer for high-yield and lodging-resistant rapeseed, comprising the following components:

[0011] Sodium lignosulfonate; ethephon; melatonin and water;

[0012] The formula for the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer is as follows:

[0013] Sodium lignosulfonate at a concentration of 1-3 g / L; ethephon at a concentration of 10-30 mg / L; melatonin at a concentration of 20-50 mg / L; the remainder is water.

[0014] Furthermore, the formula for the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer is as follows:

[0015] Sodium lignosulfonate at a concentration of 2 g / L; ethephon at a concentration of 20 mg / L; melatonin at a concentration of 30 mg / L; the remainder is water.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer is as follows:

[0017] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate, ethephon, melatonin, and water according to the concentration requirements and preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water, stir evenly, then add ethephon and melatonin in sequence, stir and dissolve evenly to obtain the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific method for applying the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer is as follows:

[0019] During the peak flowering period of rapeseed, apply a lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer to the rapeseed leaves once. If it rains within 2 days after application, re-application is required.

[0020] Furthermore, the application rate of the anti-lodging foliar fertilizer is 20-40 kg per acre.

[0021] Furthermore, the anti-lodging foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the rapeseed leaves, both on the surface and the underside.

[0022] Furthermore, the application time of the anti-lodging foliar fertilizer is after 4 pm on sunny or cloudy days.

[0023] Furthermore, the anti-lodging foliar fertilizer is sprayed at 15-30℃.

[0024] Furthermore, the rapeseed variety is Dadi 199.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention discloses a high-yield, lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer for rapeseed and its application method, relating to the field of agricultural technology. The lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer consists of: sodium lignosulfonate at a concentration of 1-3 g / L; ethephon at a concentration of 10-30 mg / L; melatonin at a concentration of 20-50 mg / L; and water as the remainder. It is applied once to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage, at a rate of 20-40 kg per acre. This invention utilizes the synergistic effect of sodium lignosulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin; a single application to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage can significantly improve the high-yield, lodging-resistant performance of rapeseed, enhance stem bending resistance, significantly reduce the lodging index, and increase yield. This invention has outstanding effects, simple components, and is easy to use, making it promising for widespread application.

[0027] Due to the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin, this invention only requires a single spraying on the rapeseed leaves during the peak flowering period to significantly improve the high-yield and lodging-resistant properties of rapeseed, thereby increasing economic benefits and facilitating mechanized harvesting. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0030] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] Sodium lignosulfonate: 1 g / L; ethephon: 30 mg / L; melatonin: 20 mg / L; the remainder is water.

[0033] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, the following components are used: sodium lignosulfonate: 100g; ethephon: 3g (7.5ml when the mass concentration is 40%); melatonin: 2g; the remainder is water.

[0034] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate, ethephon, melatonin, and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water, stir evenly, then add ethephon and melatonin in sequence, stir and dissolve evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer A.

[0035] Example 2:

[0036] Sodium lignosulfonate: 3 g / L; ethephon: 10 mg / L; melatonin: 50 mg / L; the remainder is water.

[0037] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, the following components are used: sodium lignosulfonate: 300g; ethephon: 1g (2.5ml when the mass concentration is 40%); melatonin: 5g; the remainder is water.

[0038] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate, ethephon, melatonin, and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water, stir evenly, then add ethephon and melatonin in sequence, stir and dissolve evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer B.

[0039] Example 3:

[0040] Sodium lignosulfonate: 2 g / L; ethephon: 20 mg / L; melatonin: 30 mg / L; the remainder is water.

[0041] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, the following components are used: sodium lignosulfonate: 200g; ethephon: 2g (5ml when the mass concentration is 40%); melatonin: 3g; the remainder is water.

[0042] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate, ethephon, melatonin, and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water, stir evenly, then add ethephon and melatonin in sequence, stir and dissolve evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer C.

[0043] All comparative examples are based on Example 3.

[0044] Comparative Example 1:

[0045] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, sodium lignosulfonate: 200 g + 3 g; ethephon: 2 g (5 ml when the mass concentration is 40%); the remainder is water.

[0046] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate, ethephon, and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water, stir evenly, add ethephon, and stir until evenly dissolved to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer D.

[0047] Comparative Example 2:

[0048] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, the composition is: sodium lignosulfonate: 200g + 2g; melatonin: 3g; the remainder is water.

[0049] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate, melatonin, and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water, stir evenly, then add melatonin in sequence, stir and dissolve evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer E.

[0050] Comparative Example 3:

[0051] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, ethephon: 2g (5ml when the mass concentration is 40%); melatonin: 3g; the remainder is water.

[0052] Weigh out ethephon, melatonin, and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve ethephon directly in water, stir evenly, add melatonin, stir and dissolve evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer F.

[0053] Comparative Example 4:

[0054] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, sodium lignosulfonate: 200g + 2g + 3g; the remainder is water.

[0055] Weigh out sodium lignosulfonate and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve sodium lignosulfonate directly in water and stir evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer G.

[0056] Comparative Example 5:

[0057] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, ethephon: 2g (5ml when the mass concentration is 40%); the remainder is water.

[0058] Weigh out ethephon and water according to the above concentration and required preparation amount; dissolve ethephon directly in water, stir evenly, and you will get lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer H.

[0059] Comparative Example 6:

[0060] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, the content of melatonin is 3g, and the remainder is water.

[0061] Weigh out melatonin and water according to the above concentration and required amount; dissolve melatonin directly in water and stir evenly to obtain anti-lodging foliar fertilizer I.

[0062] Comparative Example 7:

[0063] Taking 100L of anti-lodging foliar fertilizer as an example, it is all water.

[0064] The following evaluation focuses on the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizers used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7:

[0065] Verification of spraying effect: Field plot trials were conducted on the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizers used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7. The specific experimental procedure was as follows:

[0066] Experimental location: Majia Village, Zhanggong Town, Jinxian County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province; previous crop: rice.

[0067] The experimental field consisted of red soil with the following basic physicochemical properties: pH 5.24, organic matter 22.8 g / kg, total nitrogen 1.81 g / kg, available phosphorus 21.1 mg / kg, and available potassium 179 mg / kg. A uniform rapeseed variety (Dadi 199) with high oil content and a growth period of approximately 210 days was selected.

[0068] Rapeseed cultivation was carried out using the equal row spacing direct seeding method: (1) Sowing: Sowing was carried out on September 30, with a sowing rate of 6.0 kg / hm. 2 (2) Seedling establishment: The density is controlled at 30,000 plants / mu; (3) Fertilization: Apply 50 kg / mu of rapeseed-specific slow-release fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-7-8) as a base fertilizer, and apply it once; (4) Disease control: Spray sclerotinia sclerotinia sclerotinia sclerotinia 1-2 times during the initial flowering and full flowering period to ensure that the density of the entire field is relatively uniform.

[0069] Trial period: September 2024 to May 2025

[0070] Experimental setup: Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were single-treatment areas, and the entire field was divided into 40 plots, each with an area of ​​20m². 2 Each plot was surrounded by a 30cm wide ditch. All plots were located in the same field, with identical growing environment and soil fertility conditions. Each treatment area consisted of 4 plots (4 replicates), for a total of 10 treatment areas. Treatment area 1 was the control group (sprayed with an equal amount of water). Treatment areas 2-10 were treated with the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizers from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, respectively. Other management practices were consistent across all plots.

[0071] The application rate of each lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer is 20 kg / mu; use a sprayer to spray the rapeseed leaves, both the upper and lower surfaces; spray the lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer on sunny or cloudy days after 4 pm. The suitable temperature range for spraying is 25℃.

[0072] During the peak flowering period of rapeseed, apply a lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer to the rapeseed leaves once. If it rains within 2 days after application, re-application is required.

[0073] Other field water and fertilizer management methods and pest and disease control methods are consistent with the traditional methods. The only difference between the treatments in each plot is the different foliar fertilizers for lodging resistance. All other management methods are consistent. After harvesting and threshing at maturity, the average grain yield of each plot is measured. Seven days before harvest, the actual lodging angle in the field is investigated (the lodging angle in rapeseed fields is the angle between the line connecting the highest point of the canopy and the cotyledon node and the vertical direction). At least 100 rapeseed plants are randomly selected from all directions and locations in each plot to measure the average value.

[0074] At maturity, 20 plants were randomly sampled from each plot (each plot covered all directions and locations were randomly selected). The height of the effective branching point was measured once. After removing the shortened stem segments, the plants were divided into two equal segments (marked as segments 1 and 2, with the segment closest to the ground being segment 1, representing the bending strength at the base of the stem, and the segments moving upwards representing the bending strength at the upper part of the stem). The bending strength of the middle part of each segment (base and upper part of the stem) was measured using a YYD-1 stem strength tester manufactured by Zhejiang Top Instrument Co., Ltd. The lodging index (cmg / N) = rapeseed plant height (cm) × rapeseed plant aboveground fresh weight (g) / bending strength (N). Here, the height and aboveground fresh weight refer to the height and fresh weight of the corresponding stem segment from the top of the plant, and the bending strength is the bending strength at 10 cm in the middle of that segment.

[0075] Ten rapeseed plants were randomly sampled from each plot during the rapeseed maturity period (each plot covered all directions and the location was randomly selected). The main stem of the sample was placed in a sulfuric acid paper bag, blanched at 105℃ for 30 min, and then dried at 80℃ to constant weight. After being crushed and sieved, the cellulose and lignin contents were determined by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods, respectively.

[0076] The experimental results are shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0077] Table 1 Comparison of cellulose and lignin content in main stems, grain yield, and actual lodging angle in different treatment areas.

[0078]

[0079] Note 1: Except for the different treatment methods of spraying anti-lodging foliar fertilizer, the conventional cultivation methods are the same for all groups in the table.

[0080] As shown in Table 1, the cellulose and lignin content of the main stem, grain yield, and actual lodging angle of each treatment area were compared. Taking Example 3 as an example, the basal bending strength of the stem, cellulose content, lignin content, and rapeseed grain yield were all significantly improved compared to the control group. The average actual lodging angle was significantly reduced, and the lodging probability was significantly decreased. By utilizing the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin, the synergistic effect of multiple components can significantly improve the lodging resistance of rapeseed by spraying it on the rapeseed leaves once during the rapeseed flowering period. The cellulose and lignin content in the stem increased, the bending strength was enhanced, and the yield increased.

[0081] As shown in Table 2, the average reduction of the lodging index at the base and top of the stem in each treatment area relative to Comparative Example 7 is summarized. Taking Example 3 as an example, the reduction of the lodging index at the base and top of the stem relative to Comparative Example 7 is very significant. The lodging index at the base of the stem is reduced by 50.7% relative to Comparative Example 7, and the lodging index at the top of the stem is reduced by 46.2% relative to Comparative Example 7. The results show that by utilizing the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin, and through the synergistic effect of multiple components, a single spraying on the rapeseed leaves during the full flowering period can significantly improve the lodging resistance of rapeseed.

[0082] Table 2 Summary of the average reduction in lodging index at the base and upper part of the stem in each treatment area relative to control group 7

[0083]

[0084] Based on the experimental results of the above embodiments, the present invention utilizes the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components, a single spraying on the rapeseed leaves during the full flowering period can significantly improve the lodging resistance of rapeseed, increase the cellulose and lignin content in the stems, enhance the bending resistance, significantly reduce the lodging index, and increase the yield.

[0085] In summary, this invention discloses a high-yield, lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer for rapeseed and its application method, relating to the field of agricultural technology. The lodging-resistant foliar fertilizer comprises: sodium lignin sulfonate at a concentration of 1-3 g / L; ethephon at a concentration of 10-30 mg / L; melatonin at a concentration of 20-50 mg / L; and water as the remainder. It is applied once to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage, at a rate of 20-40 kg per acre. This invention utilizes the synergistic effect of sodium lignin sulfonate, ethephon, and melatonin. A single application to the rapeseed leaves during the full bloom stage can significantly improve the lodging resistance of rapeseed, increase the cellulose and lignin content in the stems, enhance bending resistance, significantly reduce the lodging index, and increase yield. This invention has outstanding effects, simple components, and is easy to use, possessing promising prospects for widespread application.

[0086] Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications conforming to the principles of the present invention can be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be understood and recognized as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A foliar fertilizer for high-yield and lodging-resistant rapeseed, characterized in that, The components and concentrations of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer are as follows: 2 g / L of sodium lignosulfonate, 20 mg / L of ethylene, and 30 mg / L of melatonin, and the rest is water; The preparation method of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is as follows: According to the concentration requirements and preparation amount, sodium lignosulfonate, ethylene, melatonin and water are weighed, sodium lignosulfonate is directly put into water and dissolved, ethylene and melatonin are sequentially added after stirring and dissolving, and the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is obtained.

2. The application method of the high-yield and lodging-resistant leaf surface regulation fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The application method of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is as follows: In the full-bloom period of rapeseed, the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is once sprayed on the leaf surface of rapeseed, and if it rains within 2 days after spraying, the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer needs to be sprayed again.

3. The application method of the high-yield and lodging-resistant leaf surface regulation fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The use amount of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is 20-40 kg per mu.

4. The application method of the high-yield and lodging-resistant leaf surface regulation fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The spraying position of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is the leaf surface and back of rapeseed.

5. The application method of the high-yield and lodging-resistant leaf surface regulation fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The spraying time of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is the time period after 4 pm on sunny or cloudy days.

6. The application method of the high-yield and lodging-resistant leaf surface regulation fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The spraying temperature of the rapeseed high-yield and lodging-resistant foliar regulation fertilizer is 15-30 DEG C.

7. The method for applying the high-yield and lodging-resistant leaf surface regulating fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, The rapeseed variety is Dadi 199.

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