A high-precision machine tool spindle assembly and an intelligent machine tool

Abstract

A high-precision machine tool spindle assembly belongs to the field of machine tool technology. The assembly includes a motion base, a spindle, and a monitoring unit. The motion base has a monitoring cavity, a first optical channel, a second optical channel, and a rotating cavity connected sequentially. The main body section of the spindle is rotatably fitted into the rotating cavity, and the outer wall of the main body section has a recessed light groove, the bottom of which corresponds to the second optical channel. The monitoring unit includes a light source, a first reflector, a second reflector, a projection screen, and an image monitor. The first reflector is located at the bottom of the light groove and reflects the light emitted by the light source into the second optical channel. The second reflector is located at the connection between the first and second optical channels and reflects the light into the first optical channel. The projection screen and image monitor are located in the monitoring cavity. The projection screen projects the light emitted from the first optical channel, and the image monitor monitors the light projected onto the projection screen. This assembly can monitor whether the spindle is laterally deflected, which helps improve the reliability of the spindle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machine tool technology, and more specifically, to a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly and an intelligent machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of science and technology, traditional manufacturing technologies are gradually evolving towards intelligent manufacturing technologies, and the transformation of traditional machine tools into intelligent machine tools is a current research direction. Machine tools are machines used to mechanically process metal or non-metal materials, used to manufacture machinery; intelligent machine tools are machine tools that can make decisions in the manufacturing process, understand the entire manufacturing process, monitor, diagnose, and correct various deviations that occur during production, and provide solutions for production optimization, thus creating conditions for the future realization of full-scale production automation in the equipment manufacturing industry.

[0003] The spindle is a core component of intelligent machine tools, characterized by high precision, high rigidity, and high speed. Its performance and reliability directly affect the machining accuracy, efficiency, and product performance of the machine tool. Spindle monitoring devices mainly include optical scales, magnetic scales, inductive synchronizers, rotary transformers, photoelectric encoders, and laser interferometers, used to monitor axial linear displacement or speed and angular displacement. Research has found that spindles may experience lateral deviation during operation, which can affect their reliability; however, current technology lacks methods for monitoring spindle lateral deviation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly and an intelligent machine tool, which can monitor whether the spindle is laterally deviated, thereby improving the reliability of the spindle.

[0005] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly, including a motion seat, a spindle, and a monitoring unit;

[0007] The motion seat has a monitoring cavity, a first optical channel, a second optical channel and a rotating cavity connected in sequence. The monitoring cavity and the first optical channel are distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft. The first optical channel and the rotating cavity extend along the axial direction of the main shaft. The first optical channel is perpendicular to the second optical channel.

[0008] The spindle includes a transmission section, a main body section, and a working section connected in sequence; the transmission section is rotatably connected to the motion seat; the working section is provided with a tool mounting part that extends out of the motion seat; the main body section is rotatably fitted into the rotating cavity, and the outer wall of the main body section is recessed with a light groove extending along the axial direction of the spindle, the light groove penetrates the end face of the main body section near the transmission section, and the bottom of the light groove corresponds to the second light channel.

[0009] The monitoring unit includes a light source, a first reflector, a second reflector, a projection screen, and an image monitor. The light source is connected to the inner wall of the rotating cavity and is located on the side of the light channel near the transmission section. It is used to emit light along the axial direction of the main shaft toward the bottom of the light channel. The first reflector is located at the bottom of the light channel and is used to reflect the light emitted by the light source into the second light channel in a direction parallel to the second light channel. The second reflector is located at the connection between the first light channel and the second light channel and is used to reflect the light reflected by the first reflector into the first light channel along the axial direction of the main shaft. The projection screen is fixed to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity and corresponds to the first light channel. It is used to project the light emitted from the first light channel. The image monitor is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity and corresponds to the projection screen. It is used to monitor the light projected onto the projection screen.

[0010] In some implementations, the outer wall of the main body segment is recessed with multiple light grooves, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body segment on the outer wall of the main body segment.

[0011] In some implementations, the light channel is filled with a light-transmitting material that slidably engages with the inner wall of the rotating cavity.

[0012] In some implementations, the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly also includes a base and a guide post, the base being connected to the machine tool body; the guide post being fixedly connected to the base and slidably fitted into the monitoring cavity along the axial direction of the spindle;

[0013] The monitoring unit also includes a V-shaped reflector, a connecting rod, and an arc-shaped reflector. The V-shaped reflector protrudes towards the first light channel, and its apex corresponds to the center of the first light channel. The two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector are used to reflect the light emitted from the first light channel to both sides. The connecting rod connects the V-shaped reflector and the guide post, and is slidably inserted through the projection screen along the axis of the main shaft. The arc-shaped reflector is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity, protrudes towards the first light channel, and has a light hole corresponding to the first light channel. The arc-shaped reflector corresponds to the V-shaped reflector and is used to reflect the light reflected by the V-shaped reflector onto the projection screen.

[0014] In some implementations, the projection screen is curved and protrudes away from the first light channel. The end of the projection screen closest to the first light channel is connected to the end of the curved reflector furthest from the first light channel. The image monitor is located between the projection screen and the curved reflector.

[0015] In some implementations, the light source includes a first light source and a second light source of different colors. The first light source and the second light source are arranged side by side along the extension direction of the second light channel, and the first light source and the second light source are located on both sides of the midpoint of the first reflector at the incident point of the first reflector. When the first light source and the second light source are emitted from the first light channel, they are projected onto the two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector, respectively.

[0016] In some implementations, the motion seat has a gas channel that connects the monitoring chamber to the outside of the motion seat.

[0017] In some embodiments, a baffle is connected between the second reflector and the sidewall of the second optical channel; the baffle is slidably and sealingly fitted with the sidewall of the second optical channel along the axial direction of the main shaft, so that the second reflector can reciprocate between a first position that is in contact with the second optical channel and a second position that is not in contact with the second optical channel; when the second reflector is in the second position, there is a ventilation gap between the second reflector and the second optical channel, and the baffle separates the ventilation gap from the second optical channel; the second reflector is slidably and sealingly fitted with the sidewall of the first optical channel.

[0018] The gas passage includes an air inlet, an air guide, and an exhaust. The air inlet connects the outer side of the motion seat and the ventilation gap. The air guide connects the ventilation gap to the first optical channel. The sidewall of the first optical channel is rotatably connected to an air guide cover for unidirectional opening and closing of the air guide. When the air guide cover is in the open position, the air guide cover and a portion of the mirror surface of the second reflector form an air guide gap. The exhaust connects the second optical channel and the outer side of the motion seat. The exhaust has a unidirectional exhaust structure.

[0019] In some implementations, the air inlet of the exhaust duct is located on the side wall of the second optical channel near the rotating cavity.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an intelligent machine tool, including the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly provided in the above embodiments.

[0021] The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly and intelligent machine tool provided in this application have the following excellent effects:

[0022] In this application, a light slot is formed on the main shaft for the passage of light and the mounting of a first reflector. A light source emits light along the axial direction of the main shaft towards the first reflector at the bottom of the light slot. The first reflector then reflects the light emitted by the light source into the second light channel in a direction parallel to the second light channel. The second reflector then reflects the light reflected by the first reflector into the first light channel along the axial direction of the main shaft. Finally, the light exits from the first light channel and is projected onto the projection screen. Before exiting the first light channel, the light passes sequentially through the light slot, the second light channel, and the first light channel, following a U-shaped path.

[0023] When the spindle's axis deviates to a certain extent, the extension direction of the light slot and the direction of the first reflector relative to the light source's emission direction deviate to a certain degree, preventing the emitted light from being projected onto the projection screen. By monitoring whether light is projected onto the projection screen using an image monitor, it is possible to determine whether the spindle's axis has deviated. Furthermore, since the light must pass through a U-shaped path before exiting the first light channel, even a small degree of axial deviation of the spindle will prevent the emitted light from being projected onto the projection screen, thus providing high accuracy in detecting spindle deviation.

[0024] In some designs, multiple light slots are evenly distributed circumferentially along the main body. During spindle rotation, when the light slot aligns with the light source, light is projected onto the projection screen. By monitoring the number of times the light on the projection screen illuminates within a certain time period using an image monitor, the number of times the light slot aligns with the light source within that time period can be determined. Dividing the number of alignments by the number of light slots on the spindle yields the spindle's rotational speed within that time period. Therefore, based on the monitoring data from the image monitor, it is possible to monitor both spindle lateral deviation and spindle rotational speed, which can be used to determine the spindle's rotational accuracy.

[0025] In some designs, a V-shaped reflector and an arc-shaped reflector are added to the monitoring unit. Light emitted from the first optical channel is first projected onto the V-shaped reflector, which then reflects the light onto the projection screen via the arc-shaped reflector. Since the V-shaped reflector is connected to the guide post, and the guide post is slidably fitted into the monitoring cavity along the axial direction of the main shaft, when the moving seat of the main shaft moves a certain distance relative to the base and guide post, the V-shaped and arc-shaped reflectors move a certain distance relative to each other. This causes a change in the incident point of the light reflected from the V-shaped reflector to the arc-shaped reflector, resulting in a change in the position of the light reflected from the arc-shaped reflector onto the projection screen. By monitoring the positional change of the light on the projection screen over a certain period, the axial movement distance of the main shaft relative to the base and guide post can be obtained. Therefore, based on the monitoring data from the image monitor, it is possible to monitor not only whether the main shaft is laterally deflected but also the axial movement speed of the main shaft, which can be used to determine the axial movement accuracy of the main shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly in its first working state.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle motion seat;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the central spindle;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point IV in the middle;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a main shaft from another perspective, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 A partial structural schematic diagram of a monitoring unit provided in an embodiment of this application from another perspective;

[0033] Figure 7 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly in a second working state.

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a section at point VIII;

[0035] Figure 9 for Figure 1 A magnified view of section IX in the middle;

[0036] Figure 10 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly in a third working state, as shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0037] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified view of a section at point XI;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly in its fourth working state, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0039] icon:

[0040] 100 - High-precision machine tool spindle assembly;

[0041] 110-Motion seat; 111-Monitoring cavity; 112-First optical channel; 113-Second optical channel; 114-Rotating cavity; 115-Rotating driver; 116-Reduction mechanism; 1171-Air inlet; 1172-Air guide; 11721-Air guide cover; 1173-Exhaust duct; 11731-One-way exhaust structure;

[0042] 120 - Spindle; 121 - Transmission section; 122 - Main body section; 1221 - Wire groove; 123 - Working section; 1231 - Tool mounting section;

[0043] 131-Light source; 132-First reflector; 133-Second reflector; 1331-Baffle; 1332-Elastic reset component; 134-Projection screen; 135-V-shaped reflector; 136-Connecting rod; 1361-Leaving passage; 137-Arc-shaped reflector;

[0044] 140 - Base; 141 - Connecting plate; 142 - Guide plate;

[0045] 150 - Guide column. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0047] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0050] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] Furthermore, the terms "vertical" and "parallel" do not mean that the parts must be absolutely vertical or parallel, but can be slightly tilted.

[0052] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] The technical solutions of this application will be described by way of example through some embodiments below.

[0054] See Figures 1-4 In one aspect, embodiments of this application provide a high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100, including a motion seat 110, a spindle 120, and a monitoring unit (not shown).

[0055] See Figure 2 The motion seat 110 has a monitoring cavity 111, a first optical channel 112, a second optical channel 113, and a rotating cavity 114 connected in sequence. The monitoring cavity 111 and the first optical channel 112 are distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, and the first optical channel 112 and the rotating cavity 114 extend along the axial direction of the main shaft 120. For example, the monitoring cavity 111 extends along the axial direction of the main shaft 120; the first optical channel 112 is perpendicular to the second optical channel 113.

[0056] See Figure 3 The main shaft 120 includes a transmission section 121, a main body section 122, and a working section 123 connected in sequence. The transmission section 121, the main body section 122, and the working section 123 are distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, and their connection method can be direct connection or indirect connection.

[0057] The transmission section 121 is rotatably connected to the motion seat 110. The rotational transmission connection structure between the transmission section 121 and the motion seat 110 can be conventionally configured. See, as an example... Figure 2 The motion seat 110 contains a rotary driver 115 and a reduction mechanism 116. The reduction mechanism 116 is connected to the rotational power output shaft of the rotary driver 115. (See attached image) Figure 1 The transmission section 121 is connected to the reduction mechanism 116.

[0058] The working section 123 is provided with a tool mounting part 1231 extending from the motion seat 110. The tool mounting part 1231 is used to mount the tool and can be set in a conventional manner.

[0059] The main body segment 122 is rotatably fitted within the rotating cavity 114. The outer wall of the main body segment 122 is recessed with a light groove 1221 extending axially along the main shaft 120. The light groove 1221 penetrates the end face of the main body segment 122 near the transmission segment 121. (See also...) Figure 4 The bottom of the light slot 1221 corresponds to the second light channel 113.

[0060] See Figure 4 The monitoring unit includes a light source 131, a first reflector 132, a second reflector 133, a projection screen 134, and an image monitor.

[0061] The light source 131 is connected to the inner wall of the rotating cavity 114. The light source 131 is located on the side of the light groove 1221 near the transmission section 121 and is used to emit light towards the bottom of the light groove 1221 along the axial direction of the main shaft 120.

[0062] The first reflector 132 is disposed at the bottom of the light channel 1221 and is used to reflect the light emitted by the light source 131 into the second light channel 113 in a direction parallel to the second light channel 113. It can be understood that the direction of the light emitted by the light source 131 is the axis of the main axis 120, while the extension direction of the second light channel 113 is perpendicular to the axis of the main axis 120. That is to say, the incident light and the reflected light of the first reflector 132 are perpendicular. Correspondingly, the incident angle of the light emitted by the light source 131 on the first reflector 132 is 45°, and the dihedral angle between the reflective surface of the first reflector 132 and the side wall of the light channel 1221 is 135°.

[0063] The second reflector 133 is located at the connection between the first optical channel 112 and the second optical channel 113, and is used to reflect the light reflected by the first reflector 132 into the first optical channel 112 along the axial direction of the main axis 120. It can be understood that the light reflected by the first reflector 132 is parallel to the extension direction of the second optical channel 113, while the extension direction of the second optical channel 113 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main axis 120. That is, the incident light and reflected light of the second reflector 133 are perpendicular. Correspondingly, the incident angle of the light emitted by the light source 131 on the second reflector 133 is 45°, and the dihedral angle between the reflective surface of the second reflector 133 and the sidewall of the second optical channel 113 is 135°.

[0064] The projection screen 134 is fixed to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 111 and corresponds to the first light channel 112, and is used to project the light emitted from the first light channel 112. The projection screen 134 can be directly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 111, or it can be indirectly connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 111 through other functional structures. The projection screen 134 refers to a screen that can project light, and its material, light transmittance, and color can be conventionally selected as needed.

[0065] The image monitor is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 111 and corresponds to the projection screen 134, and is used to monitor the light projected onto the projection screen 134.

[0066] The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 provided in this embodiment works on the following principle:

[0067] When the main axis 120 is not laterally deflected, the light source 131 emits light along the axial direction of the main axis 120 toward the first reflector 132 at the bottom of the light slot 1221. Then, the first reflector 132 reflects the light emitted by the light source 131 into the second light channel 113 in a direction parallel to the second light channel 113. The second reflector 133 then reflects the light reflected by the first reflector 132 into the first light channel 112 along the axial direction of the main axis 120. Finally, the light exits from the first light channel 112 and is projected onto the projection screen 134. At this time, the image monitor detects that light is projected onto the projection screen 134 and outputs a signal indicating that light is projected.

[0068] When the spindle 120 deflects to a certain extent, the extension direction of the light slot 1221 and the direction of the first reflector 132 relative to the direction of the light source 131 emitted by the light source 131 deviate to a certain extent. The light emitted by the light source 131 cannot reach the reflective surface of the first reflector 132, or the light reflected from the first reflector 132 into the second light channel 113 cannot reach the reflective surface of the second reflector 133, causing the light emitted by the light source 131 to be unable to be projected onto the projection screen 134. At this time, the image monitor detects that no light is projected onto the projection screen 134 and outputs a signal indicating that no light is projected.

[0069] Based on the above working principle, the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 can determine whether the spindle 120 has lateral deviation by monitoring whether light is projected onto the projection screen 134 through an image monitor. Furthermore, before the light exits from the first light channel 112, it passes through the light slot 1221, the second light channel 113, and the first light channel 112 in a U-shaped path. When the spindle 120 experiences a slight lateral deviation, the light emitted by the light source 131 can no longer be projected onto the projection screen 134. Therefore, the monitoring accuracy for spindle 120 lateral deviation is high.

[0070] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the light slot 1221 can be configured as one or more; when configured as one, the light slot 1221 can be distributed on a portion of the main body segment 122 in the circumferential direction, or it can be arranged in a ring around the circumference of the main body segment 122.

[0071] See Figure 5In some embodiments, the outer wall of the main body segment 122 is provided with a plurality of light grooves 1221, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer wall of the main body segment 122.

[0072] Based on the above technical solution, during the rotation of the spindle 120, when the light slot 1221 aligns with the light source 131, light can be projected onto the projection screen 134. By monitoring the number of times the light on the projection screen 134 illuminates within a certain time period using an image monitor, the number of times the light slot 1221 aligns with the light source 131 within that time period can be obtained. Dividing the number of alignments by the number of light slots 1221 on the spindle 120 yields the rotational speed of the spindle 120 within that time period. Therefore, based on the monitoring data from the image monitor, it is possible to monitor both whether the spindle 120 is laterally deflected and its rotational speed, which can be used to determine the rotational accuracy of the spindle 120.

[0073] It should be noted that during operation, although the light is projected onto the projection screen 134 at intervals, the main shaft 120 rotates rapidly and continuously. The main shaft 120 will frequently rotate to the position where the light slot 1221 is aligned with the light source 131. The image monitor can frequently detect that light is projected onto the projection screen 134, so it will not affect the monitoring and judgment of whether the main shaft 120 is deflected.

[0074] As an example, the light channel 1221 is filled with a light-transmitting material, such as, but not limited to, light-transmitting glass or light-transmitting plastic. The light-transmitting material slidably engages with the inner wall of the rotating cavity 114. That is, the light-transmitting material fills the light channel 1221, so that the corresponding part of the light channel 1221 is slidably sealed with the inner wall of the rotating cavity 114 through the light-transmitting material, which can effectively achieve dust prevention inside the rotating cavity 114 and on the mirror surface of the first reflector 132.

[0075] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the motion seat 110 can be directly connected to the machine tool body of the intelligent machine tool for transmission, or the motion seat 110 can be indirectly connected to the machine tool body of the intelligent machine tool for transmission.

[0076] See Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some embodiments, the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 further includes a base 140 and a guide post 150. The base 140 is used to connect to the machine tool body; the guide post 150 is fixedly connected to the base 140 and is slidably sleeved in the monitoring cavity 111 along the axial direction of the spindle 120.

[0077] In the above technical solution, the base 140 is used to connect to the machine tool body, so that the motion seat 110 is indirectly connected to the machine tool body through the base 140.

[0078] Based on the above design, the motion seat 110 moves relative to the base 140 and the guide column 150 along the axial direction of the main shaft 120. It can be understood that a drive mechanism for driving the motion seat 110 to move along the axial direction of the main shaft 120 can be configured as needed. For example, the drive mechanism can be a linear motor or a rotary motor with gears, racks, etc. The drive mechanism can be connected between the motion seat 110 and the guide column 150, or it can be connected between the motion seat 110 and the base 140.

[0079] See Figure 1 Optionally, the base 140 includes a connecting plate 141 and a guide plate 142 that are perpendicular to each other; the connecting plate 141 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the main shaft 120, the guide post 150 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 141, and the drive mechanism is exemplarily connected to the connecting plate 141; along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, the side of the guide plate 142 near the connecting plate 141 is slidably engaged with the outer wall of the motion seat 110. Based on this design, when the motion seat 110 moves relative to the guide post 150 along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, the guide plate 142 can provide a limiting and guiding effect on the motion seat 110, which helps to improve the stability of the movement.

[0080] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the light emitted from the first light channel 112 can be directly projected onto the projection screen 134, or indirectly projected onto the projection screen 134.

[0081] See Figure 4 The monitoring unit also includes a V-shaped reflector 135, a connecting rod 136, and an arc-shaped reflector 137.

[0082] The V-shaped reflector 135 protrudes towards the first light channel 112, with its apex corresponding to the center of the first light channel 112. The two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector 135 are used to reflect the light emitted from the first light channel 112 to both sides, with the two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector 135 located on its outer side. Figure 5 The reflector on the left is used to reflect light to the left, as shown. Figure 5 The reflector on the right is used to reflect light to the right.

[0083] A connecting rod 136 connects the V-shaped reflector 135 and the guide post 150, and the connecting rod 136 is slidably inserted through the projection screen 134 along the axial direction of the main shaft 120. An arc-shaped reflector 137 is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity 111. The arc-shaped reflector 137 protrudes towards the first light channel 112 and has a light hole corresponding to the first light channel 112. The arc-shaped reflector 137 corresponds to the V-shaped reflector 135 and is used to reflect the light reflected by the V-shaped reflector 135 onto the projection screen 134.

[0084] See Figure 6 As an example, the V-shaped reflector 135 is connected to the guide post 150 via two spaced-apart connecting rods 136, making the connection more stable. Optionally, a clearance channel 1361 is provided between the two connecting rods 136, which corresponds to the position of the light reflected by the curved reflector 137, allowing the light reflected by the curved reflector 137 to pass through and avoiding interference with the light reflected by the curved reflector 137. It is understood that in other embodiments, the connecting rods 136 can also be configured in other ways, as long as they do not overlap with the position of the light reflected by the curved reflector 137.

[0085] Based on the above technical solution, the light emitted from the first light channel 112 is first projected onto the V-shaped reflector 135, and then the V-shaped reflector 135 reflects the light onto the projection screen 134 through the arc-shaped reflector 137. Combined with... Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Since the V-shaped reflector 135 is connected to the guide post 150, and the guide post 150 is slidably fitted into the monitoring cavity 111 along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, when the motion seat 110 of the main shaft 120 moves a certain distance relative to the base 140 and the guide post 150, the V-shaped reflector 135 and the arc-shaped reflector 137 move a certain distance relative to each other. The incident point of the light reflected from the V-shaped reflector 135 to the arc-shaped reflector 137 changes, causing a change in the position of the light reflected from the arc-shaped reflector 137 onto the projection screen 134. For example, from... Figure 1 and Figure 4 The state shown gradually changes to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The state shown is as follows. By monitoring the positional changes of the light rays on the projection screen 134 over a certain period of time using an image monitor, the axial movement distance of the main shaft 120 relative to the base 140 and the guide post 150 can be obtained over that period. Therefore, based on the monitoring data from the image monitor, it is possible to monitor not only whether the main shaft 120 is laterally deflected, but also the axial movement speed of the main shaft 120, which can be used to determine the axial movement accuracy of the main shaft 120.

[0086] Optionally, the projection screen 134 is arc-shaped and protrudes away from the first light channel 112, that is, it protrudes towards the side away from the first light channel 112; the end of the projection screen 134 near the first light channel 112 is connected to the end of the arc-shaped reflector 137 away from the first light channel 112; the image monitor is located between the projection screen 134 and the arc-shaped reflector 137.

[0087] In the above technical solution, the projection screen 134 is also configured as an arc shape. When the position and angle of the incident light from the arc-shaped reflector 137 change, the position of the light projected onto the projection screen 134 will change more significantly, which is beneficial for the image monitor to obtain more accurate results of the light position change. In addition, the arc-shaped reflector 137 and the projection screen 134 are set as arcs with opposite convex directions, and there is a large space between them, which makes it easier to install the image monitor on the side wall of the space corresponding to them.

[0088] Optionally, the light source 131 includes a first light source 131 and a second light source 131 of different colors. The first light source 131 and the second light source 131 can be either point light sources 131 or line light sources 131, with point light sources 131 being an example.

[0089] See Figure 4 and Figure 8 The first light source 131 and the second light source 131 are arranged side by side along the extension direction of the second light channel 113, and the first light source 131 and the second light source 131 are located on both sides of the midpoint of the first reflector 132 at the incident point of the first reflector 132; when the first light source 131 and the second light source 131 are emitted from the first light channel 112, they are projected onto the two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector 135 respectively.

[0090] In the above technical solution, two light sources 131 of different colors are set up so that the image monitor can acquire two sets of monitoring data. On the one hand, the two sets of data can be compared with each other. On the other hand, when one set of light sources 131 fails, monitoring can continue, which helps to improve the reliability of monitoring.

[0091] In some embodiments of the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100, which includes a base 140 and a guide post 150, in order to achieve stable air pressure in the monitoring chamber 111, the motion seat 110 is provided with a gas channel for connecting the monitoring chamber 111 and the outside of the motion seat 110.

[0092] See Figure 1 , Figures 9-11 In some exemplary embodiments, a baffle 1331 is connected between the second reflector 133 and the sidewall of the second optical channel 113; the baffle 1331 is slidably and sealingly fitted with the sidewall of the second optical channel 113 along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, so that the second reflector 133 can reciprocate between a first position that is in contact with the second optical channel 113 and a second position that is not in contact with the second optical channel 113; the state of the second reflector 133 in the first position is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the second reflector 133 is in the second position as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0093] See Figure 11When the second reflector 133 is in the second position, there is a ventilation gap between the second reflector 133 and the second optical channel 113, and the baffle 1331 separates the ventilation gap and the second optical channel 113; the second reflector 133 is slidably sealed to the side wall of the first optical channel 112.

[0094] The gas passage includes an air inlet 1171, an air guide 1172, and an exhaust 1173. The air inlet 1171 connects the outer side of the motion seat 110 and the ventilation gap. The air guide 1172 connects the ventilation gap with the first optical channel 112. The sidewall of the first optical channel 112 is rotatably connected to an air guide cover 11721 for unidirectional opening and closing of the air guide 1172. When the air guide cover 11721 is in the open position of the air guide 1172, the air guide cover 11721 and a portion of the mirror surface of the second reflector 133 form an air guide gap. The exhaust 1173 connects the second optical channel 113 and the outer side of the motion seat 110. The exhaust 1173 is provided with a unidirectional exhaust structure 11731. The unidirectional exhaust structure 11731 can be conventionally configured, such as, but not limited to, a unidirectional flip cover or a unidirectional bending valve.

[0095] The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows:

[0096] See Figure 1 and Figure 9 When the motion seat 110 is in its initial position and not moving along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, in terms of the air path, the second reflector 133 is in the first position, the air guide cover 11721 closes the air guide channel 1172, and the monitoring cavity 111 is not connected to the outside of the motion seat 110 through the second optical channel 113. In terms of the optical path, the light reflected by the first reflector 132 illuminates the vicinity of the center of the mirror surface of the second reflector 133; when there are two sets of light sources 131, the first light source 131 and the second light source 131, the two sets of light sources 131 are reflected by the second reflector 133 and projected onto the two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector 135 respectively.

[0097] See Figure 10 and Figure 11When the motion seat 110 moves from the initial position and begins to move along the axial direction of the main shaft 120, in terms of the air path, since the volume of the cavity inside the monitoring chamber 111 increases and the air pressure decreases, and the exhaust duct 1173 can only exhaust in one direction, external air enters through the air inlet duct 1171 and lifts up the second reflector 133. At this time, the second reflector 133 is in the second position, and the ventilation gap is connected to the air inlet end of the air guide duct 1172. The gas enters the air guide duct 1172 through the ventilation gap. After the gas passes through the air guide duct 1172, it lifts up the free end of the air guide cover 11721. At this time, the air guide cover 11721 is in the state of opening the air guide duct 1172. The gas enters the second optical channel 113 through the air guide duct 1172, thereby indirectly realizing the connection with the monitoring chamber 111. In terms of the optical path, since the second reflector 133 is lifted up, the incident point of the light from the second reflector 133 shifts to the right, and the light projected onto the V-shaped reflector 135 shifts to the right; when there are two sets of light sources 131, namely the first light source 131 and the second light source 131, for example, the light from both sets of light sources 131 is projected onto the reflective surface on the right side of the V-shaped reflector 135.

[0098] See Figure 12 As the motion seat 110 continues to move axially along the main shaft 120, in terms of the air passage, and Figure 10 The operating states shown are consistent. Regarding the optical path, due to the increased movement distance of the motion seat 110 relative to the guide post 150, the position of the V-shaped reflector 135 reflecting onto the arc-shaped reflector 137 is relative to... Figure 10 This causes a certain movement, so that the position of the light beam projected onto the projection screen 134 is relative to... Figure 10 This will produce corresponding changes.

[0099] See Figure 7 and Figure 8 When the moving seat 110 stops moving axially, in terms of the air path, due to the balance of internal and external air pressure, the second reflector 133 falls back to the first position, and the air guide cover 11721 falls back to close the air guide channel 1172. The monitoring cavity 111 is not connected to the outside of the moving seat 110 through the second optical channel 113. In terms of the optical path, on the one hand, because the second reflector 133 falls back, the light reflected by the first reflector 132 re-irradiates the vicinity of the center of the mirror surface of the second reflector 133. When there are two sets of light sources 131, the first light source 131 and the second light source 131, after being reflected by the second reflector 133, are respectively re-projected onto the two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector 135. On the other hand, because the moving seat 110 has always moved a certain distance relative to the initial position, the position of the V-shaped reflector 135 reflecting onto the arc-shaped reflector 137 is relative to the position of the arc-shaped reflector 137. Figure 1 This causes a certain movement, so that the position of the light beam projected onto the projection screen 134 is relative to... Figure 1 This will produce corresponding changes.

[0100] When the sports seat 110 from Figure 7 The position shown is as follows Figure 1 During the initial position movement shown, in terms of the air path, the volume of the cavity inside the monitoring chamber 111 decreases and the air pressure increases, causing the internal air to gradually dissipate outwards. Since the air guide cover 11721 can only open unidirectionally during air intake, and the second reflector 133 can only be unidirectionally lifted during air intake, air is unidirectionally exhausted outwards through the exhaust duct 1173. In terms of the optical path, since the position of the second reflector 133 remains unchanged, the light projection state changes from... Figure 8 The state shown gradually changes to Figure 1 The state shown.

[0101] Based on the above working principle, such as Figure 11 As shown, in the air intake state, on the one hand, since the air guide cover 11721 and a portion of the mirror surface of the second reflector 133 form an air guide gap, the gas passing through the air guide gap will blow away the second reflector 133, effectively preventing dust accumulation on the second reflector 133; on the other hand, since the second reflector 133 is lifted, the incident point and reflected light of the second reflector 133 shift to the right, effectively preventing the air intake one-way cover from interfering with the operation of the second reflector 133. Meanwhile, in terms of the optical path, when the motion seat 110 moves from... Figure 1 As the initial position shown gradually moves, the projection state of the light on the projection screen 134 changes from... Figure 1 Transform into Figure 10 , and then from Figure 10 Transform into Figure 12 , and then from Figure 12 Transform to Figure 10 On the one hand, through Figure 10 and Figure 12 The status shown can monitor and determine whether the axial movement of the spindle 120 is in progress; on the other hand, it can not only be determined by monitoring the axial movement of the spindle 120 within a certain time period. Figures 1 to 7 The axial movement speed of the spindle 120 can be monitored by changes over a certain period of time. Figures 10 to 12 By monitoring the axial movement speed of the main shaft 120, changes in the speed can be obtained, and monitoring results in different dimensions can be obtained, which helps to improve the reliability of monitoring.

[0102] Optionally, the baffle 1331 and the motion seat 110 are connected by an elastic reset member 1332, which provides an elastic restoring force for the second reflector 133 to return from the second position to the first position. Based on this, from Figure 12 The working state shown has been switched to, for example Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the state shown, it is beneficial for the baffle 1331 and the second reflector 133 to return to the first position more quickly from the second position.

[0103] Optionally, the air inlet of the exhaust duct 1173 is located on the side wall of the second optical channel 113 near the rotating cavity 114. This effectively prevents dust from accumulating at the end of the second optical channel 113 near the rotating cavity 114, and facilitates more thorough dust removal during exhaust.

[0104] Secondly, this application provides an intelligent machine tool, including the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 provided in the above embodiments.

[0105] Understandably, intelligent machine tools can be configured with other conventional structures as needed, such as, but not limited to, the machine tool body, cutting tools, etc.

[0106] In the absence of a base 140 and a guide post 150 in the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100, as an example, the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 is connected to the machine tool body via a motion seat 110, and the cutting tool is connected to the cutting tool mounting section 1231 of the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100.

[0107] Optionally, the motion seat 110 is connected to the machine tool body through a first drive mechanism. The first drive mechanism is a three-axis motion, such as two perpendicular X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis. For example, the Z-axis direction is consistent with the axis of the spindle 120.

[0108] In the case where the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 is provided with a base 140 and a guide post 150, as an example, the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100 is connected to the machine tool body through the base 140, and the cutting tool is connected to the cutting tool mounting part 1231 of the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly 100.

[0109] Optionally, the base 140 is connected to the machine tool body via a second drive mechanism. The second drive mechanism is a dual-axis motion, such as a mutually perpendicular X-axis and Y-axis. For example, both the X-axis and Y-axis are perpendicular to the axis of the spindle 120.

[0110] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A high-precision machine tool spindle assembly, characterized in that, The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly includes a motion seat, a spindle, and a monitoring unit; The motion seat has a monitoring cavity, a first optical channel, a second optical channel and a rotating cavity connected in sequence. The monitoring cavity and the first optical channel are distributed along the axial direction of the main shaft. The first optical channel and the rotating cavity extend along the axial direction of the main shaft. The first optical channel is perpendicular to the second optical channel. The main shaft includes a transmission section, a main body section, and a working section connected in sequence; the transmission section is rotatably connected to the motion seat; the working section is provided with a tool mounting part extending out of the motion seat; the main body section is rotatably sleeved in the rotating cavity, and the outer wall of the main body section is recessed with a light groove extending along the axial direction of the main shaft, the light groove passing through one end face of the main body section near the transmission section, and the bottom of the light groove corresponding to the second light channel; The monitoring unit includes a light source, a first reflector, a second reflector, a projection screen, and an image monitor. The light source is connected to the inner wall of the rotating cavity and is located on the side of the light channel near the transmission section, for emitting light along the axial direction of the main shaft toward the bottom of the light channel. The first reflector is located at the bottom of the light channel and is used to reflect the light emitted by the light source into the second light channel in a direction parallel to the second light channel. The second reflector is located at the connection between the first light channel and the second light channel and is used to reflect the light reflected by the first reflector into the first light channel along the axial direction of the main shaft. The projection screen is fixed to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity and corresponds to the first light channel, for projecting the light emitted from the first light channel. The image monitor is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity and corresponds to the projection screen, for monitoring the light projected onto the projection screen.

2. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the main body segment is provided with a plurality of light grooves, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the main body segment on the outer wall of the main body segment.

3. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The light groove is filled with a light-transmitting material, which is slidably fitted with the inner wall of the rotating cavity.

4. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly also includes a base and a guide column. The base is used to connect to the machine tool body. The guide column is fixedly connected to the base and is slidably sleeved in the monitoring cavity along the axial direction of the spindle. The monitoring unit further includes a V-shaped reflector, a connecting rod, and an arc-shaped reflector. The V-shaped reflector protrudes towards the first light channel, and its apex corresponds to the center of the first light channel. The two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector are used to reflect the light emitted from the first light channel to both sides. The connecting rod connects the V-shaped reflector and the guide post, and is slidably inserted through the projection screen along the axial direction of the main shaft. The arc-shaped reflector is connected to the inner wall of the monitoring cavity, protrudes towards the first light channel, and has a light hole corresponding to the first light channel. The arc-shaped reflector corresponds to the V-shaped reflector and is used to reflect the light reflected by the V-shaped reflector onto the projection screen.

5. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The projection screen is arc-shaped and protrudes away from the first light channel. The end of the projection screen near the first light channel is connected to the end of the arc-shaped reflector away from the first light channel. The image monitor is located between the projection screen and the arc-shaped reflector.

6. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The light source includes a first light source and a second light source of different colors. The first light source and the second light source are arranged side by side along the extension direction of the second light channel, and the first light source and the second light source are located on both sides of the midpoint of the first reflector at the incident point of the first reflector. When the first light source and the second light source are emitted from the first light channel, they are projected onto the two reflective surfaces of the V-shaped reflector, respectively.

7. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, The motion seat has a gas channel that connects the monitoring chamber to the outside of the motion seat.

8. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, A baffle is connected between the second reflector and the sidewall of the second optical channel; the baffle is slidably and sealingly fitted with the sidewall of the second optical channel along the axial direction of the main shaft, so that the second reflector can reciprocate between a first position that is in contact with the second optical channel and a second position that is not in contact with the second optical channel. When the second reflector is in the second position, there is a ventilation gap between the second reflector and the second optical channel, and the baffle separates the ventilation gap from the second optical channel; the second reflector is slidably sealed to the side wall of the first optical channel; The gas channel includes an air inlet, an air guide, and an exhaust. The air inlet connects the outer side of the motion seat and the ventilation gap. The air guide connects the ventilation gap to the first optical channel. The sidewall of the first optical channel is rotatably connected to an air guide cover for unidirectional opening and closing of the air guide. When the air guide cover is in the open position, the air guide cover and a portion of the mirror surface of the second reflector form an air guide gap. The exhaust connects the second optical channel and the outer side of the motion seat, and the exhaust has a unidirectional exhaust structure.

9. The high-precision machine tool spindle assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, The air inlet of the exhaust duct is located on the side wall of the second optical channel near the rotating cavity.

10. An intelligent machine tool, characterized in that, Includes the high-precision machine tool spindle assembly as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images