Metal casting welding device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding equipment, and provides a metal casting welding device and method.The metal casting welding device comprises a welding equipment assembly and a welding gun in a working area of the welding equipment assembly; the welding gun comprises a movable welding gun and a fixed welding gun, and the movable welding gun and the fixed welding gun are hinged in a lifting mode. Elastic telescopic parts are symmetrically arranged on the two sides between the movable welding gun and the fixed welding gun, adjustable ejector rods are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the movable welding gun, and the adjustable ejector rods and the elastic telescopic parts are coaxial. An obstacle avoidance unit is installed at the bottom of the adjustable ejector rod in a spherical hinge mode, and balls are embedded into the bottom of the obstacle avoidance unit. A hinged ball is arranged at the top of the obstacle avoidance unit, and a conical groove is formed in the top of the hinged ball. The arc length is automatically controlled to be kept within the preset range, the light beam is automatically calibrated at the special-shaped structure, and meanwhile, an automatic obstacle avoidance and reset structure is combined, so that the welding gun can adapt to rotary moving type welding operation of workpieces of various special-shaped structures.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of welding equipment, more particularly to a metal casting welding device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of manufacturing large and complex metal structural parts, such as heavy machinery equipment, large molds, ship propellers, and aerospace frames, etc., multiple large metal castings (such as cast iron, cast steel, or special alloy castings) are often connected into a complete whole structure through welding due to the complexity of the casting process, transportation restrictions, or functional zoning considerations. This manufacturing method can break through the size and weight limits of single castings and achieve optimal mechanical performance distribution;

[0003] Currently, for workpieces with irregular structures, welding relies on skilled workers holding welding guns to operate. However, the welding arc length needs to be continuously adjusted during welding, and the welding quality is easily affected by the irregular welding surface, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern mass production.

[0004] To solve the above problems, a metal casting welding device and method are proposed in the present application. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a metal casting welding device and method that automatically follows and calibrates the light beam, solving the problem of unstable welding arc length for irregular workpieces in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A metal casting welding device and method, including a welding equipment assembly and a welding gun in its working area;

[0008] The welding gun includes a movable welding gun and a fixed welding gun, and the movable welding gun and the fixed welding gun are connected through a liftable hinge;

[0009] Elastic expansion sections are symmetrically arranged on both sides between the movable welding gun and the fixed welding gun, and adjustable jacks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the movable welding gun, coaxial with the elastic expansion sections;

[0010] An obstacle avoidance unit is installed at the bottom of the adjustable jack, and a ball is embedded at the bottom of the obstacle avoidance unit;

[0011] A hinge ball is arranged at the top of the obstacle avoidance unit, and a conical groove is formed at the top of the hinge ball;

[0012] A conical block is inserted into the inside of the conical groove. The top of the conical block is an integral spinning rod, and the upper end of the spinning rod is provided with a spring telescopic rod.

[0013] A welding method for metal castings includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: Adjust the length of the adjustable top rod extending out of the bottom of the movable welding gun and fix it. Lower the fixed welding gun so that the elastic telescopic part is pre-compressed to store energy.

[0015] S2: Rotate the workpiece, and under the clamping force of the elastic telescopic part, the arc length of the moving welding gun is controlled by the rolling contact between the ball and the workpiece.

[0016] S3: The elastic telescopic part is further compressed or extended by the protrusions and depressions on the surface of the workpiece, thereby driving the moving welding gun to produce tilting and lifting movements, so as to achieve the effect of automatic beam calibration.

[0017] S4: The ball joint of the articulated ball automatically swings to form an obstacle avoidance motion when the ball touches the obstacle.

[0018] S5: The spring telescopic rod applies a thrust to the conical block, causing the conical block to be pressed deep into the conical groove (2531), thereby driving the obstacle avoidance unit to be aligned with the adjustable top rod, thus resetting.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] 1. By setting the welding gun as a segmented structure that can be raised and lowered and is hinged, and by using the elastic telescopic parts arranged symmetrically on both sides to apply a constant clamping force to the movable welding gun, the end of the adjustable push rod always abuts against the workpiece surface in the vicinity of the welding point when the workpiece rotates, thereby controlling the distance between the movable welding gun and the workpiece welding point, maintaining the welding arc length within a predetermined range, and improving the overall welding quality.

[0021] 2. By symmetrically setting the elastic telescopic part and adjustable top rod on both sides of the movable welding torch, the amount of expansion and contraction of the elastic telescopic part on both sides changes when passing through the irregular surface of the workpiece, thereby driving the welding torch to rotate and rise automatically. This realizes the welding beam to follow and calibrate the weld trajectory in real time, thus adapting to various irregular workpieces, maintaining the best welding angle and position, and reducing the dependence on manual intervention.

[0022] 3. By connecting the ball joint to the fixed seat, the ball can swing when one of the balls touches an obstacle, thus achieving automatic obstacle avoidance. Then, the conical block is elastically inserted into the depth of the conical groove, which drives the ball to return to the initial position and maintain the stability of the arc length. This achieves the effect of automatic reset after obstacle avoidance, which helps to ensure the stability of welding operations. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance and structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the welding gun of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the welding gun of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of fixed platform one and fixed platform two of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adjustable push rod of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the obstacle avoidance unit and the sliding rod connection part of the present invention;

[0030] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0031] In the picture:

[0032] 1. Welding equipment assembly; 2. Welding gun;

[0033] 21. Movable welding torch; 211. Fixed platform 1; 2111. Hinge seat; 2112. Support rod; 2113. Hole and slot; 2114. Hollow flexible tube;

[0034] 22. Fixed welding torch; 221. Fixed platform two; 2211. Side plate; 22111. Hinge plate;

[0035] 23. Adjustable top rod; 231. Fixed rod; 232. Slide rod; 2321. Bracket; 2322. Spinning rod; 2323. Fixed seat; 23231. Hinge groove; 23232. Pressure plate; 23233. Conical block; 23234. Spring telescopic rod;

[0036] 24. Elastic telescopic part;

[0037] 25. Obstacle avoidance unit; 251. Roller groove; 252. Ball bearing; 253. Articulated ball; 2531. Conical groove. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] A metal casting welding device is designed to maintain a stable arc length during welding of rotating workpieces. Through symmetrically arranged elastic telescopic parts 24 and adjustable top rods 23, the distance between the bottom of the movable welding torch 21 and the welding point is consistently controlled within a predetermined range by the clamping force applied to the fixed platform 211 by the elastic telescopic parts 24 when the workpiece rotates. This achieves a stable arc length. Simultaneously, the clamping force of the elastic telescopic parts 24 automatically calibrates the beam when the movable welding torch 21 passes over irregularly shaped structures. Finally, the hinge between the obstacle avoidance unit 25 and the fixed base 2323, and the insertion of the conical block 23233 into the conical groove 2531, allow the obstacle avoidance unit 25 to automatically reset to a preset state after obstacle avoidance. This enables the welding equipment to adapt to different irregularly shaped workpieces for rotating dynamic welding operations, while automatically calibrating the beam and maintaining a stable arc length, thereby improving the welding quality of the workpiece.

[0040] In some embodiments, the specific structure of the metal casting welding apparatus and method is as follows: Figures 1-6 As shown, it includes a welding equipment assembly 1 and a welding gun 2 installed in its working area;

[0041] Welding equipment assembly 1 is a welding machine tool with two sets of positioning fixtures on the top for fixing the workpiece;

[0042] Welding gun 2 is mounted on a movable frame in the working area of ​​welding equipment assembly 1;

[0043] The welding torch 2 includes a movable welding torch 21 and a fixed welding torch 22, which are hinged together. The movable welding torch 21 can rotate in the left and right directions.

[0044] Furthermore, adjustable push rods 23 are fixedly installed on both sides of the movable welding torch 21. During welding operations, the end of its movable end abuts against the surface of the workpiece and is close to the welding area.

[0045] Furthermore, elastic telescopic parts 24 are fixedly installed on both sides of the fixed welding torch 22, and are coaxial with the adjustable push rod 23;

[0046] Among them, the elastic telescopic part 24 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the area where the hinge mechanism of the movable welding gun 21 and the fixed welding gun 22 is located;

[0047] It should be noted that the elastic telescopic part 24 adopts a structure combining a spring and a telescopic rod, and has the function of elastic telescopic movement;

[0048] In addition, a protective sleeve, which is a hollow flexible tube 2114, is fixedly installed between the movable welding torch 21 and the fixed welding torch 22 to seal the internal components.

[0049] It should be noted that the upper end of the hinge mechanism is equipped with a longitudinally lifting sliding mechanism, which allows the movable welding torch 21 to move up and down.

[0050] Understandably, under the clamping force of the elastic telescopic part 24, the bottom of the movable end of the adjustable push rod 23 always abuts against the surface of the workpiece, which in turn causes the bottom of the movable welding torch 21 to always maintain a predetermined distance range between the welding point of the workpiece.

[0051] It is also understandable that when the adjustable push rod 23 passes through different areas of the workpiece surface, the elastic extension and retraction of the elastic telescopic part 24 causes the adjustable push rod 23 to move up and down while keeping the workpiece pressed against it, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the movable welding torch 21 to achieve the effect of automatically calibrating the beam.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure 4, the upper end of the movable welding torch 21 and the lower end of the fixed welding torch 22 are respectively fixedly installed with a fixed platform 1 211 and a fixed platform 221, which are directional plates that extend to the left and right sides.

[0053] Among them, the elastic telescopic part 24 is installed between the plates extending on the left and right sides, and is symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides;

[0054] Furthermore, a hinge seat 2111 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the first fixed platform 211, and side plates 2211 are fixedly installed on the lower ends of both sides of the second fixed platform 221. Furthermore, hinge plates 22111 are installed longitudinally on the front and rear outer sides of the side plates 2211.

[0055] Furthermore, the lower end of the hinge plate 22111 has a through hole in the front and rear direction, and the front and rear sides of the hinge seat 2111 have support rods 2112 extending out and passing through the through hole to form a hinge that can rotate in the left and right direction.

[0056] In addition, the hinge seat 2111 has an upper-opening slot 2113 inside, which is used to install the hollow hose 2114.

[0057] Understandably, the longitudinal sliding installation of the hinge plate 22111 and the hinge seat 2111 allows the movable welding torch 21 to move up and down. The connection between the support rod 2112 and the through hole allows the movable welding torch 21 to swing left and right. Combined with the clamping force applied to the fixed platform 211 by the elastic telescopic part 24, the adjustable push rods 23 on both sides of the movable welding torch 21 always press down against the surface of the workpiece. When passing through the irregular structure surface, the movable welding torch 21 tilts and adjusts the distance up and down with the up and down movement of the adjustable push rods 23, thus achieving the effect of automatically calibrating the beam.

[0058] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 as well as Figure 5 As shown, the adjustable top rod 23 includes a fixed rod 231 and a sliding rod 232;

[0059] The fixed rod 231 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fixed platform 211 and is coaxial with the elastic telescopic part 24.

[0060] Furthermore, the interior of the slide rod 232 is a hollow structure with an opening at the top, and it is fitted onto the outside of the fixed rod 231;

[0061] Furthermore, a bracket 2321 is fixedly installed on one side of the upper end of the slide rod 232. The bracket is a hollow cylindrical structure. A spinning rod 2322 is spirally installed inside the bracket 2321. A circular rubber pad is fixedly installed at one end inside the bracket 2321 to increase frictional resistance and fix the slide rod 232.

[0062] like Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the bottom of the slide bar 232 is a fixed seat 2323 with a closed structure, and a hinge groove 23231 is provided at the bottom.

[0063] Among them, the upper end of the hinge groove 23231 is a circular hole structure, and the lower end is a semi-circular groove structure with a bottom opening.

[0064] Furthermore, the bottom of the slide bar 232 is provided with an obstacle avoidance unit 25, the upper end of which is a frustum structure and the lower end is a frustum structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom;

[0065] Furthermore, the bottom of the obstacle avoidance unit 25 is provided with a rolling groove 251, in which a ball bearing 252 is embedded, which is used to resist the surface of the workpiece to reduce frictional resistance and to ensure the rolling contact stability of the adjustable push rod 23 when the workpiece rotates.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, the upper end of the obstacle avoidance unit 25 is fixedly installed with a conical groove 2531, and is rotatably installed inside the circular groove of the hinge groove 23231 to form a ball joint connection.

[0067] Among them, the upper end of the conical groove 2531 is provided with an upper opening conical groove 2531, which is a structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom;

[0068] Furthermore, a pressure plate 23232 is movably installed on the top of the circular hole structure of the hinge groove 23231, and its lower end is an integral conical block 23233, which is connected to the inside of the conical groove 2531.

[0069] Furthermore, a spring telescopic rod 23234 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the pressure plate 23232, and the upper end is fixedly connected to the top of the hinge groove 23231;

[0070] Understandably, when the ball bearing 252 abuts against an obstacle, causing the obstacle avoidance unit 25 to swing, the conical groove 2531 pushes the conical block 23233 upward, compressing the spring telescopic rod 23234. When the ball bearing 252 leaves the obstacle, the spring telescopic rod 23234 generates an elastic counter-force, causing the conical block 23233 to press into the interior of the conical groove 2531, thereby causing the obstacle avoidance unit 25 to return to a state where the axis is coaxial with the adjustable top rod 23, to ensure the stability of subsequent use.

[0071] In some publicly available publications, the specific usage methods of metal casting welding apparatus and methods are as follows:

[0072] S1. Fix and align the two workpieces using the clamps on top of the welding equipment assembly 1, and then move the welding gun 2 to the predetermined position using the moving frame to start the welding operation.

[0073] S2. The adjustable push rod 23 is pressed against the surface of the workpiece by the fixed welding gun 22 below, while the elastic telescopic part 24 is in a compressed state.

[0074] S3. As the workpiece rotates, the ball bearings 252 at the bottom of the obstacle avoidance unit 25 roll in real time to reduce frictional resistance and ensure the stability of the workpiece rotation.

[0075] S4. By using the hinge ball 253 and the hinge groove 23231 for hinge, the obstacle avoidance unit 25 will swing when the ball 252 contacts the obstacle, thereby achieving the obstacle avoidance effect.

[0076] S5. By using the downward pressure of the spring telescopic rod 23234 on the pressure plate 23232, the conical block 23233 is pressed into the inside of the conical groove 2531, thereby driving the obstacle avoidance unit 25 to be straightened and achieve the effect of resetting.

[0077] S6. When the ball 252 is pushed upwards by the convex surface of the workpiece, or falls downwards by the concave surface of the workpiece, the corresponding elastic extension part 24 on the coaxial axis is further compressed or extended, thereby driving the movable welding torch 21 to produce corresponding tilting and lifting movements, so as to achieve the effect of automatically calibrating the beam.

[0078] S7. When the movable welding torch 21 tilts and moves up and down, the support rod 2112 rotates in the through hole at the lower end of the hinge plate 22111, and the hinge plate 22111 moves up and down on the outside of the side plate 2211. During this period, the connection between the movable welding torch 21 and the fixed welding torch 22 is maintained through the hollow hose 2114.

[0079] S8. Depending on the workpiece structure, by sliding the slide rod 232 outside the fixed rod 231, the spinning rod 2322 is spun in the bracket 2321, which drives the rubber pad at the end of the spinning rod 2322 to abut against the fixed rod 231 to fix the slide rod 232. This controls the distance between the bottom of the movable welding torch 21 and the welding surface, thus achieving the effect of controlling the arc length.

[0080] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," and "specific example" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0081] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A welding apparatus and method for metal castings, characterized in that: Including the welding equipment assembly (1) and the welding gun (2) in its working area; The welding gun (2) includes a movable welding gun (21) and a fixed welding gun (22), and the movable welding gun (21) and the fixed welding gun (22) are connected by a hinge that can be raised and lowered. The movable welding torch (21) and the fixed welding torch (22) are symmetrically provided with elastic telescopic parts (24) on both sides. The movable welding torch (21) is symmetrically provided with adjustable top rods (23) on both sides. The adjustable top rods (23) are coaxial with the elastic telescopic parts (24). The adjustable top rod (23) has an obstacle avoidance unit (25) mounted on its bottom ball joint, and a ball bearing (252) is embedded in the bottom of the obstacle avoidance unit (25). The obstacle avoidance unit (25) has a hinge ball (253) on its top, and a conical groove (2531) is opened on the top of the hinge ball (253). A conical block (23233) is inserted inside the conical groove (2531). The top of the conical block (23233) is an integral spinning rod (2322), and the upper end of the spinning rod (2322) is provided with a spring telescopic rod (23234).

2. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the movable welding torch (21) and the lower end of the fixed welding torch (22) are respectively provided with a fixed platform one (211) and a fixed platform two (221). The elastic telescopic part (24) is installed between the left and right extension plates of the fixed platform one (211) and the fixed platform two (221).

3. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hinge seat (2111) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixed platform (2111). The hinge seat (2111) has an upper opening groove (2113) inside. A hollow hose (2114) is provided inside the groove (2113) to connect the movable welding gun (21) and the fixed welding gun (22).

4. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Side plates (2211) are fixedly installed on the front and rear sides of the fixed platform (221), and a hinge plate (22111) is longitudinally slidably installed on the outer side of the side plate (2211).

5. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Support rods (2112) extend from the front and rear sides of the hinge seat (2111) and are rotatably connected to the lower circular plate axis of the hinge plate (22111).

6. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable top rod (23) includes a fixed rod (231) and a sliding rod (232). The fixed rod (231) is fixedly installed below the fixed platform (211), and the sliding rod (232) is sleeved on the outside of the fixed rod (231).

7. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 6, characterized in that: A bracket (2321) is fixedly installed on one side of the upper end of the slide bar (232), and a spinning rod (2322) is spirally installed inside the bracket (2321).

8. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Below the slide bar (232) is a solid fixed base (2323), and the fixed base (2323) has a hinge groove (23231) inside for rotating and installing the hinge ball (253). The upper end of the hinge ball (253) has a round hole structure.

9. The metal casting welding apparatus and method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The upper end of the spring telescopic rod (23234) is fixedly installed on the top of the hinge groove (23231).

10. A welding method for metal castings, applied to the metal casting welding apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Adjust the length of the movable end of the adjustable top rod (23) extending out of the bottom of the movable welding gun (21) and fix it. By lowering and fixing the welding gun (22), the elastic telescopic part (24) is pre-compressed to store energy. S2: Rotate the workpiece, and under the clamping force of the elastic telescopic part (24), the arc length of the movable welding gun (21) is controlled by rolling contact between the workpiece and the ball (252). S3: The elastic extension part (24) is further compressed or extended by the protrusions and depressions on the surface of the workpiece, thereby driving the movable welding gun (21) to produce tilting and lifting movements, so as to achieve the effect of automatic beam calibration. S4: By means of the ball joint installation of the articulated ball (253), the ball (252) automatically swings to form an obstacle avoidance motion when it comes into contact with the obstacle; S5: The thrust applied to the conical block (23233) by the spring telescopic rod (23234) causes the conical block (23233) to be pressed into the depth of the conical groove (2531), thereby driving the obstacle avoidance unit (25) to be aligned with the adjustable top rod (23) to form a reset.

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