Fuel cell heavy truck hydrogenation safety control method and system and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel cell heavy truck hydrogenation safety control method and system and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: M1, obtaining the data information of the pressure of a hydrogen storage cylinder, the data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder in real time in the hydrogen filling process of a vehicle; and M2, based on the data information of the pressure of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, fusing the data by adopting an improved multi-modal feature fusion algorithm to obtain fused data information of a high-dimensional feature vector of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The hydrogen filling state of the hydrogen storage bottle can be monitored in time, the safety of the hydrogenation process is guaranteed, the hydrogen filling state is accurately evaluated, and the stability of the hydrogenation process is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell heavy trucks, in particular to a fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen refueling safety control method and system and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Current hydrogen fuel cell heavy trucks on the market cannot effectively detect whether they are in a refueling state. The vehicle does not take measures to limit driving during hydrogen refueling. Usually, the vehicle personnel are required to leave the vehicle to limit by the refueling operation specification of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0003] In the prior art, a vehicle control method, a vehicle controller and a vehicle hydrogen refueling monitoring system are disclosed in Chinese patent (application number: 202110216929.8, publication number: CN 112918258A). The method comprises: obtaining hydrogen data of a gas conveying pipeline between a vehicle hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen storage container; determining whether the vehicle is currently in a hydrogen injection state according to the hydrogen data, and if so, shielding the output signal of the vehicle accelerator pedal to prevent the user from driving the vehicle through the accelerator pedal. This scheme requires the installation of a pressure sensor in the gas conveying pipeline, and the pressure change after a period of time after starting refueling is required to determine whether it is in a refueling state. This scheme has a lag in judgment, and the accuracy of judging the refueling state of hydrogen is low, which is not conducive to subsequent judgment. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen refueling safety control method and system and a storage medium, which can not only monitor the state of hydrogen refueling of the hydrogen storage bottle in a timely manner to ensure the safety of the hydrogen refueling process, but also accurately evaluate the state of hydrogen refueling to improve the stability of the hydrogen refueling process.

[0005] To achieve the above object and other related objects, the technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows: A fuel cell heavy truck hydrogen refueling safety control method, the method comprising: M1. During the hydrogen refueling process of the vehicle, real-time acquisition of data information of the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle and data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle; M2. Based on the data information of the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, the data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle and the data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle, an improved multi-modal feature fusion algorithm is used to fuse the data to obtain data information of a high-dimensional feature vector of the fused hydrogen storage bottle; M3. Based on the data information of the high-dimensional feature vector of the fused hydrogen storage bottle, a multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on the optimal predation bidirectional gated recurrent unit is used to predict the state of hydrogen refueling of the hydrogen storage bottle to obtain data information of the predicted state of hydrogen refueling of the hydrogen storage bottle. M4. Based on the predicted hydrogen refueling status data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP is established to assess the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, obtaining the assessment value data of the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP is: , Where: △x i =x i+1 -x i ρ is the increment of the hydrogen storage cylinder state at time i; ρ is the expected rate of change in refueling; δ is half of the maximum allowable instantaneous change; λ is a trade-off factor used to adjust the sensitivity to sudden changes; n is the number of sampling points; the smaller QW_RH_SP is, the more stable and safer the hydrogen refueling process is.

[0006] Furthermore, the method also includes: M5. Based on the data information of the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a preset safety threshold is set. If the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is less than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is normal. If the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is greater than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is abnormal and hydrogen filling needs to be stopped.

[0007] Furthermore, in step M2, the data fusion using the improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm includes: M21. Based on the data information of the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, the data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle, feature extraction is performed to obtain the data information of the feature matrix of the pressure, temperature and hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle. M22. Based on the data information of the feature matrix of pressure, temperature and hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, feature fusion is performed on the data of the hydrogen storage cylinder to obtain the data information of the hydrogen storage cylinder feature fusion matrix. M23. Input the data information of the hydrogen storage bottle feature fusion matrix into the MLP and softmax layers for classification processing to generate the data information of the fused high-dimensional feature vector of the hydrogen storage bottle.

[0008] Furthermore, in step M3, the multivariate time series prediction model employing a bidirectional gated cyclic unit optimized based on the optimal predator optimization algorithm includes: M31. Input the fused high-dimensional feature vector into the initialized bidirectional gated recurrent unit model; M32. Global optimization of model parameters is performed using an optimal predator optimization algorithm, including: First, initialize the population of individuals and set the maximum number of iterations L. Then, recruit targets and update positions of the population of individuals according to the fitness function until convergence, and obtain the optimized model parameters. M33. The optimized bidirectional gated cyclic unit model is used to predict the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the error constant parameters ρ and δ satisfy: 0 < ρ < 1, 0 < δ < 1, and ρ 2 +δ 2 =1.

[0010] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps: S1. When the vehicle is powered off, detect whether the user operates the hydrogen refueling switch; if the hydrogen refueling switch is detected to be pressed, use the hydrogen refueling switch as the wake-up source to wake up the vehicle's main control unit (PCU); S2. The main control unit (PCU) wakes up the hydrogen management system (HMS) via a hard-wired signal and sends a hydrogen refueling enable command to the HMS when the vehicle is in a safe state. The safe state includes the vehicle being in P gear, the high-pressure system not being activated, the hydrogen system having no leaks, and the hydrogen refueling switch signal being valid. S3. The hydrogen management system (HMS) drives the vehicle-side infrared communication device to start and establishes communication with the hydrogen refueling machine according to the SAE J2799 standard. It sends communication data to the hydrogen refueling machine, including the type of hydrogen refueling port, the nominal volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the measured pressure, the measured temperature, the protocol identifier, and the refueling command, to realize information interaction during the 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen refueling process. S4. During hydrogen refueling, the vehicle only keeps the main control unit (PCU) and hydrogen management system (HMS) awake, while the other electronic control units remain dormant to reduce the vehicle's power consumption. S5. The hydrogen management system (HMS) generates a hydrogen refueling status based on changes in the pressure, temperature, and hydrogen quality of the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen refueling status includes "not refueling", "refueling in progress", "refueling completed", and "refueling paused". The main control unit (PCU) performs logic control based on the hydrogen refueling status fed back by the HMS. When the HMS reports "refueling completed", the PCU stops hard-wired wake-up of the HMS and hydrogen refueling enable, and the vehicle enters a sleep state. S6. When the hydrogen refueling cap is open and hydrogen refueling is in progress, the vehicle must not be switched from P to D to prevent the vehicle from moving, and a "hydrogen refueling cap not closed" message will be displayed when the vehicle is powered on. S7. When the hydrogen refueling port cap remains open due to a malfunction, the emergency vehicle movement mechanism is activated: the user must press the designated button on the steering wheel and depress the brake pedal simultaneously after the vehicle is powered on in order to release the P gear restriction and achieve gear shifting. S8. When the vehicle is not powered on, if the SOC of the low-voltage battery is lower than the preset threshold, determine whether it is in the hydrogen refueling state; if the hydrogen refueling switch is activated or the HMS feedback shows "refueling in progress" or "incomplete", then prohibit the high-voltage system from being started for intelligent charging to prevent the vehicle from accidentally being connected to high voltage during the hydrogen refueling process. S9. Detecting the state change of the hydrogen refueling switch: When the main control unit (PCU) detects that the hydrogen refueling switch changes from closed to open, it sends a hydrogen refueling port cap unlocking request; upon receiving this request, the body domain controller (BDCM) determines that the hydrogen refueling port cap is currently locked and then performs the unlocking action; when the main control unit (PCU) detects that the hydrogen refueling switch changes from open to closed, it sends a hydrogen refueling port cap locking request; upon receiving this request, the BDCM determines that the hydrogen refueling port cap is unlocked and then performs the locking action. S10. The hydrogen refueling switch is only used as a local wake-up source for the main control unit (PCU) and not as a continuous wake-up source for the vehicle network. Other network nodes follow the AUTOSAR network management strategy for hibernation and wake-up. When the hydrogen refueling switch is not turned off but the user triggers the one-button start signal T15, the main control unit (PCU) can enable vehicle network communication normally.

[0011] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention also provides a fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control system, including a computer device, the computer device being programmed or configured to perform the steps of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0012] Furthermore, the computer equipment includes a main control unit (PCU), a hydrogen management system (HMS), a vehicle domain controller (BDCM), a vehicle-side infrared communication module, and a human-machine interface; wherein: the PCU is used to respond to the hydrogen refueling switch signal, wake up the HMS, and send a hydrogen refueling enable command; the HMS is used to collect hydrogen storage tank status data, perform status prediction and safety assessment, and interact with the hydrogen refueling machine via infrared communication; the BDCM is used to receive PCU commands and control the opening and closing of the hydrogen refueling port cap; the human-machine interface is used to display the hydrogen refueling status and abnormal prompts.

[0013] Furthermore, the hydrogen refueling switch serves as a wake-up source, used to wake up the PCU after the vehicle is powered off, and to wake up the HMS via a hard-wired signal; after confirming that the vehicle is in a safe state, the PCU sends a hydrogen refueling enable command to the HMS; the safe state includes the vehicle being in P gear, the high-pressure system not being activated, the hydrogen system having no leaks, and the hydrogen refueling switch signal being valid.

[0014] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program programmed or configured to perform the described fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control method.

[0015] The present invention has the following positive effects: 1. This invention uses an improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm to fuse data and combines it with a multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on a bidirectional gated loop unit with optimal predation to predict the hydrogen filling status of hydrogen storage cylinders. This not only enables real-time monitoring and prediction of the hydrogen filling status of storage cylinders, ensuring the safety of the hydrogen filling process, but also accurately assesses the hydrogen filling status, improving the stability of the hydrogen filling process.

[0016] 2. This invention establishes a hydrogen refueling safety assessment function G to evaluate the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder. Combined with a preset safety threshold, if the assessed value of the hydrogen refueling status is less than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen refueling status is normal; if the assessed value is greater than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen refueling status is abnormal, and hydrogen refueling needs to be stopped. This not only further ensures the safety of hydrogen refueling in the hydrogen storage cylinder, but also has a high degree of intelligence, reduces manual intervention, and improves the efficiency of hydrogen refueling in the hydrogen storage cylinder. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on the optimal predator-gated bidirectional cyclic unit of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of optimizing the model parameters using the optimal predation optimization algorithm of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0019] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, a method for hydrogen refueling safety control of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks includes: M1. During the hydrogen refueling process, real-time data on the pressure, temperature, and hydrogen mass changes of the hydrogen storage tank are acquired. M2. Based on the pressure data, temperature data, and hydrogen mass change data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, an improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm is used to fuse the data to obtain the high-dimensional feature vector data of the fused hydrogen storage cylinder. M3. Based on the data information of the high-dimensional feature vector of the fused hydrogen storage cylinder, a multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on the optimal predator bidirectional gated loop unit is used to predict the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the predicted data information of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is obtained. M4. Based on the predicted hydrogen refueling status data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, establish a hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP to assess the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder and obtain the assessment value data of the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0020] , Where: △x i =x i+1 -x i ρ is the increment of the hydrogen storage cylinder state at time i; ρ is the expected rate of change in refueling; δ is half of the maximum allowable instantaneous change; λ is a trade-off factor used to adjust the sensitivity to sudden changes; n is the number of sampling points; the smaller QW_RH_SP is, the more stable and safer the hydrogen refueling process is.

[0021] The hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP is used to quantify the stability of the state changes of the hydrogen storage cylinder during the refueling process. This is achieved by comparing the actual state change Δx. i The deviation from the preset expected rate of change ρ, along with constraints on the instantaneous change amplitude, is used to comprehensively assess whether there are abnormal fluctuations or potential risks in the hydrogenation process. When QW_RH_SP exceeds the set threshold, the system triggers an alarm or suspends the refueling operation.

[0022] In this embodiment, the method further includes: M5. Based on the data information of the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a preset safety threshold is set. If the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is less than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is normal. If the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is greater than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is abnormal and hydrogen filling needs to be stopped.

[0023] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, in step M2, the data fusion using the improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm includes: M21. Based on the data information of the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, the data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle, feature extraction is performed to obtain the data information of the feature matrix of the pressure, temperature and hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle. M22. Based on the data information of the feature matrix of pressure, temperature and hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, feature fusion is performed on the data of the hydrogen storage cylinder to obtain the data information of the hydrogen storage cylinder feature fusion matrix. M23. Input the data information of the hydrogen storage bottle feature fusion matrix into the MLP and softmax layers for classification processing to generate the data information of the fused high-dimensional feature vector of the hydrogen storage bottle.

[0024] In this embodiment, the constraint conditions for the error constant parameters ρ and δ are that the error constant parameter ρ is any constant parameter between 0 and 1, the error constant parameter δ is any constant parameter between 0 and 1, and the sum of the squares of the error constant parameters ρ and δ is 1.

[0025] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, in step M3, the prediction of the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage tank using a multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on an optimal predator-prey bidirectional gated cyclic unit includes: M31. Input the data information of the high-dimensional feature vector of the fused hydrogen storage bottle into the multivariate time series prediction model of the bidirectional gated cyclic unit for training, initialize the parameters of the model, and obtain the data information of the parameters of the initialized model; M32. Based on the data information of the parameters of the initialized model, the optimal predation optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the model to obtain the optimized bidirectional gated cyclic unit multivariate time series prediction model; M33. Based on the optimized bidirectional gated cyclic unit's multivariate time series prediction model, the data information of the fused high-dimensional feature vector of the hydrogen storage cylinder is input to predict the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the predicted hydrogen filling status data information of the hydrogen storage cylinder is obtained.

[0026] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, in step M32, optimizing the model parameters using the optimal predator optimization algorithm includes: M321. Based on the data information of the parameters of the initialized model, initialize the population, determine the population parameters and the maximum number of iterations L, and obtain the data information of the initialized population; M322. Based on the data information of the initialized population, and according to the target recruitment optimization of individuals in the population, the initialized model parameters are optimized to obtain the data information of the optimized model parameters.

[0027] Example 2: Based on the hydrogen refueling safety control method for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks in Example 1, the present invention will be further explained and described below.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for hydrogen refueling safety control of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks includes: M1. During the hydrogen refueling process, real-time data on the pressure, temperature, and hydrogen mass changes of the hydrogen storage tank are acquired. M2. Based on the pressure data, temperature data, and hydrogen mass change data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, an improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm is used to fuse the data to obtain the high-dimensional feature vector data of the fused hydrogen storage cylinder. M3. Based on the data information of the high-dimensional feature vector of the fused hydrogen storage cylinder, a multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on the optimal predator bidirectional gated loop unit is used to predict the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the predicted data information of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is obtained. M4. Based on the predicted hydrogen refueling status data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, establish a hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP to assess the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder and obtain the assessment value data of the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0029] In this embodiment, the control of the hydrogen refueling port cap during the hydrogen refueling process includes the following: the hydrogen refueling port cap can only be unlocked by pressing the hydrogen refueling switch after the vehicle is powered off. During hydrogen refueling with the hydrogen refueling port cap open, a strategy is designed to restrict vehicle movement during the refueling process. That is, when the hydrogen refueling port cap is open, the user cannot switch from P to D gear upon powering on the vehicle, and a message "Hydrogen refueling port cap not closed" is displayed. Considering abnormal damage to the hydrogen refueling port cap, an emergency backup vehicle movement strategy is involved. That is, if the hydrogen refueling port cap is damaged and remains open, the user needs to press the steering wheel button and apply the brakes simultaneously after powering on the vehicle to shift out of P gear.

[0030] In this embodiment, 1. Control of the hydrogen refueling port cap: The hydrogen refueling port cap can only be unlocked after the vehicle is powered off and the hydrogen refueling switch is pressed, to prevent the hydrogen refueling port cap from being opened while the vehicle is in a driving state. 2. For 70MPa refueling, the vehicle-side infrared communication device needs to establish communication with the hydrogen refueling machine and transmit signals according to SAE J2799. It is necessary to maintain the wake-up of HMS and hydrogen refueling enable after the vehicle is powered off. This solution adopts a special network management strategy, and the hydrogen refueling switch is used as the wake-up source of PCU. After the hydrogen refueling switch is pressed, PCU is woken up and wakes up HMS through hard wiring. When PCU determines that the vehicle is in a safe state (such as P gear / not in high pressure state / no leakage in hydrogen system / hydrogen refueling switch is effective), it sends hydrogen refueling enable to HMS. HMS drives infrared communication module. The vehicle-side infrared communication sends information such as hydrogen refueling port type, refueling command, measured pressure, measured temperature, protocol identifier, and nominal volume of hydrogen storage tank to hydrogen refueling machine according to SAE J2799. During the entire hydrogen refueling process, only PCU / HMS is awake in the vehicle, and other nodes are in a dormant state, reducing the power consumption of the whole vehicle during the hydrogen refueling process. 3. Design of hydrogen refueling status machine: The HMS provides feedback on the status of "not refueled", "refueling", "refueling completed" and "refueling paused" based on the pressure, temperature and hydrogen quality changes of the hydrogen storage tank. The PCU controls the HMS to wake up and enable hydrogen refueling based on the refueling status feedback from the HMS. If the user forgets to turn off the hydrogen refueling switch after refueling, in order to avoid the PCU / HMS being in the wake-up working state all the time, after the HMS reports "refueling completed", the PCU actively stops the HMS wake-up and enable, and the whole vehicle enters the sleep state. 4. During hydrogen refueling, the hydrogen refueling cap is already open. To prevent unauthorized vehicle start-up and driving, a strategy to restrict vehicle movement during hydrogen refueling is designed. That is, when the hydrogen refueling cap is open, the user cannot switch from P to D gear after powering on the vehicle, and a message "Hydrogen refueling cap not closed" will be displayed. Considering the possibility of abnormal damage to the hydrogen refueling cap, an emergency backup vehicle movement strategy is involved. That is, if the hydrogen refueling cap is damaged and remains open, the user needs to press the steering wheel button and apply the brake to shift gears after powering on the vehicle in order to switch out of P gear. 5. Because the low-voltage batteries of current new energy vehicles are relatively small, they usually have intelligent charging functions. That is, if the low-voltage battery SOC is detected to be too low when the vehicle is not powered on, the high voltage will be automatically activated to charge the battery. To avoid the vehicle automatically activating intelligent charging during or when preparing to refuel with hydrogen, this solution adds a hydrogen refueling status judgment to the activation conditions of intelligent charging and adds a hydrogen refueling switch status to the reset conditions of low-voltage charging, thereby ensuring that the vehicle will not automatically activate the high voltage during hydrogen refueling. 6. In order to avoid accidentally entering the enhanced electric retarding function when driving on flat roads, causing abnormal shutdown of the fuel cell stack and affecting the vehicle's driving power demand, it is necessary to accurately identify downhill conditions and activate it only during coasting. 6. The hydrogen refueling switch serves as the PCU's local wake-up source, but not as a source to maintain network wake-up. When the hydrogen refueling switch is turned on, the PCU maintains local wake-up and hardwires the output to wake up HMS, but in other network segments, it performs hibernation and wake-up according to the AUTOSAR network management policy. 7. If the hydrogen refueling switch is not turned off, and the user presses the one-button start switch (T15 is valid), the PCU must be able to enable network communication normally; 8. Hydrogen refueling is complete. The user closes the hydrogen refueling port cap, but does not turn off the hydrogen refueling switch. The HMS reports that hydrogen refueling is complete, and the PCU needs to stop the HMS hard-wired wake-up. 9. The hydrogen refueling switch can synchronously control the unlocking and locking of the hydrogen refueling port cap. Specifically, when the PCU detects that the hydrogen refueling switch has changed from open to closed, it sends a hydrogen refueling port cap locking request PCU_HydFillerCapLockReq="RequestLock". Upon receiving the locking request, the BDCM determines that the hydrogen refueling port cap is currently in an unlocked state and then executes the locking. The hydrogen refueling coordination function should send a hydrogen refueling port cap locking request PCU_HydFillerCapLockReq="Request UnLock" when it detects that the hydrogen refueling switch has changed from closed to open. Upon receiving the unlocking request, the BDCM determines that the hydrogen refueling port cap is currently in a locked state and then executes the unlocking.

[0031] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention also provides a hydrogen refueling safety control system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks. This system, through a collaborative design of hardware and software, ensures the safety of the hydrogen refueling process while improving the vehicle's intelligent control level and energy management efficiency in hydrogen refueling scenarios.

[0032] The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control system includes a computer device that is programmed or configured to execute all steps of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control method as described in any of the preceding claims. As the core unit of the vehicle control system, the computer device integrates multiple electronic control modules and achieves information interaction and functional linkage through a highly reliable communication network, ensuring that the entire hydrogen refueling process is under control.

[0033] Furthermore, the computer equipment includes a main control unit (PCU), a hydrogen management system (HMS), a vehicle domain controller (BDCM), a vehicle-side infrared communication module, and a human-machine interface (HMI). Each module has a clear division of labor and works collaboratively. The PCU (Power Control Unit) is the coordination center of the entire hydrogen refueling process. It responds to user-operated hydrogen refueling switch signals and initiates its own operation as a local wake-up source when the vehicle is powered off. Subsequently, it wakes up the Hydrogen Management System (HMS) via a hard-wired signal and sends a hydrogen refueling enable command to the HMS after confirming the vehicle is in a safe state. This safe state includes, but is not limited to, key conditions such as the vehicle being in Park (P) gear, the high-pressure system not activated, no hydrogen leaks in the hydrogen system, and a valid hydrogen refueling switch signal, thereby preventing accidental initiation of the hydrogen refueling process under unsafe conditions.

[0034] The Hydrogen Management System (HMS), as the core management module of the hydrogen system, is responsible for real-time collection of key parameters such as pressure, temperature, and hydrogen quality changes in the hydrogen storage tank. Based on this data, it performs refueling status identification, multivariate predictive analysis, and hydrogen refueling safety assessment. Simultaneously, the HMS drives the vehicle-side infrared communication module to establish a two-way communication link with the external hydrogen refueling machine according to the international standard SAE J2799, enabling dynamic information exchange during the refueling process and ensuring that the hydrogen refueling operation complies with regulatory requirements.

[0035] The Body Domain Controller (BDCM) receives control commands for the hydrogen refueling port cover from the PCU and executes the unlocking and locking actions of the cover. When the PCU detects that the hydrogen refueling switch has changed from closed to open, it issues a "request unlock" command. The BDCM determines that the cover is currently locked and triggers the motor to perform the unlocking operation. Conversely, after refueling is completed, the PCU detects that the refueling switch is closed and sends a "request lock" command. The BDCM automatically closes the cover after confirming that it is movable, preventing safety hazards caused by human error.

[0036] The vehicle-side infrared communication module is integrated near the hydrogen refueling port and supports contactless infrared communication. It can complete protocol handshake and data pre-exchange with the hydrogen refueling machine before connecting the refueling nozzle. This module strictly follows the data structure defined in the SAE J2799 standard for information transmission, ensuring communication compatibility and data integrity.

[0037] The Human-Machine Interface (HMI) is used to display real-time hydrogen refueling status information to the driver, including but not limited to: "Preparing to refuel", "Refueling in progress", "Refueling complete", "Hydrogen refueling cap not closed", "System malfunction" and other prompts. When the output value of the hydrogen refueling safety assessment function exceeds the preset threshold or an illegal driving attempt is detected, the HMI will pop up a warning dialog box and sound an alarm to remind the user to take timely action.

[0038] Furthermore, the hydrogen refueling switch not only serves as a human-machine interface for initiating hydrogen refueling operations but also undertakes a crucial electrical wake-up function. When the vehicle is completely powered down, the action of the hydrogen refueling switch can directly trigger the main control unit (PCU) to power on and operate, forming a dedicated wake-up path independent of conventional power management logic. After the PCU powers on, it immediately wakes up the hydrogen management system (HMS) via a dedicated hard-wired signal, without relying on bus wake-up mechanisms such as CAN / LIN, thereby improving response speed and reducing the risk of communication delays. Throughout the hydrogen refueling process, only the PCU and HMS remain active, while other non-essential ECUs (such as the entertainment system and air conditioning controller) remain in a dormant state, significantly reducing the vehicle's static power consumption and extending the lifespan of the low-voltage battery.

[0039] In addition, to prevent the system from continuously waking up due to users forgetting to turn off the hydrogen refueling switch, the PCU continuously monitors the hydrogen refueling status reported by the HMS. Once a "refueling complete" signal is received, even if the hydrogen refueling switch is still on, the PCU will actively cut off the hard-wired wake-up signal to the HMS and stop the hydrogen refueling enable output, guiding the vehicle to gradually enter a deep sleep mode to avoid unnecessary energy loss.

[0040] Controlled hydrogen refueling: Definition and requirements of infrared communication data To further ensure interoperability and communication reliability between the vehicle-mounted system and hydrogen refueling station equipment, the vehicle-mounted infrared communication device described in this invention can comply with the SAE J2799 communication protocol standard. This standard specifies the following key data items that must be transmitted and their semantic meanings: 1. Protocol Identifier (PID): This field identifies the type of data protocol used in the current communication. The receiver (hydrogen refueling unit) should select the corresponding decoding rule based on the content of this field to ensure that subsequent data frame formats can be correctly parsed, avoiding communication failures or malfunctions due to protocol mismatch.

[0041] 2. Data Communication Software Version Number (VN): This indicates the software version used by the vehicle-side communication module. The sender should proactively report this version number during the communication initialization phase so that the hydrogen refueling machine can determine whether it supports the current protocol version and adjust its parsing strategy accordingly to achieve backward compatibility or error warnings.

[0042] 3. Total Nominal Volume (TV) of Hydrogen Storage Cylinder: The unit is liters (L), which represents the rated hydrogen storage capacity of the vehicle's hydrogen storage system. This parameter is one of the fundamental bases for calculating the refueling amount and setting the refueling strategy for the hydrogen refueling machine, and directly affects the refueling time and pressure curve planning.

[0043] 4. Receptacle Type (RT): This describes the physical specifications and performance level of the vehicle's hydrogen refueling interface, and must comply with the requirements of the national standard GB / T 26779. At the same time, the hydrogen refueling nozzle model it is compatible with should also meet the requirements of GB / T34425 to ensure the reliability of mechanical connection and sealing.

[0044] 5. Fueling Command (FC): A control command actively sent by the vehicle to the hydrogen refueling machine. There are three types: FC = Dyna (Dynamic Fueling) – Dynamic Fueling: Indicates that the vehicle is ready to receive hydrogen refueling. The refueling machine must verify that the received data matches its internal configuration before starting refueling and dynamically adjusts the refueling rate based on real-time feedback of pressure, temperature, and other data. FC = Halt (Pause Fueling) – Pause Fueling: Instructs the refueling machine to immediately stop fuel supply within 3 seconds. If this command lasts longer than 60 seconds, the refueling machine should automatically terminate the refueling process; when it reverts to the "Dyna" command and the interval exceeds 2 seconds, the refueling procedure can be restarted. FC = Abort (Abort Fueling) – Abort Fueling: Indicates an emergency interruption of the refueling process. The refueling machine must completely stop supplying hydrogen within 3 seconds. Regardless of communication protocol version or data format compatibility, the refueling machine must respond to this command to ensure absolute safety in extreme situations.

[0045] 6. Measured Pressure (MP): The unit is megapascals (MPa), representing the current relative pressure of hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank. This data is collected in real time by onboard sensors and periodically uploaded via infrared communication, allowing the hydrogen refueling machine to use closed-loop control of the refueling pressure to prevent the risk of overpressure.

[0046] 7. Measured Temperature (MT): The unit is Kelvin (K), reflecting the actual temperature of the hydrogen inside the storage cylinder. Since the hydrogen compression process generates heat, excessively high temperatures can lead to excessive material stress. Therefore, the hydrogen refueling machine dynamically adjusts the refueling rate based on MT data to achieve temperature control protection.

[0047] 8. Optional Data Fields: These include, but are not limited to, vehicle VIN code, last refueling time, cumulative number of hydrogen refuelings, health status indicators, and other auxiliary information, which can be used for hydrogen refueling station back-end recording, remote diagnostics, or big data analysis.

[0048] Through the aforementioned standardized communication mechanism, this invention achieves efficient, safe, and mutually trusting information exchange between vehicles and hydrogen refueling infrastructure, which not only improves hydrogen refueling efficiency but also provides a solid technical foundation for the construction of future smart hydrogen transportation systems.

[0049] The fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control system provided by this invention not only possesses highly automated and intelligent hydrogen refueling management capabilities, but also effectively prevents safety accidents caused by misoperation, equipment failure, or environmental anomalies. The system integrates advanced algorithm models (such as multimodal fusion, Bi-GRU prediction, and optimal predator optimization), strict communication protocol support (SAE J2799), low-power network management strategies, and multiple redundancy protection mechanisms (such as emergency movement mode and anti-misoperation refueling). It comprehensively covers the technical requirements of all stages before, during, and after hydrogen refueling, and has promising engineering application prospects and industrialization promotion value.

[0050] Furthermore, this invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the hydrogen refueling safety control method for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks described in any of the foregoing embodiments. The storage medium may be a ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, disk, optical disk, or other non-volatile storage device, suitable for deployment in vehicle controllers or other embedded systems.

[0051] In summary, this invention, through system-level innovative design, solves the problems of insufficient safety in the hydrogen refueling process, poor communication compatibility, high energy consumption, and weak human-machine interaction in existing technologies, and significantly improves the reliability and user experience of fuel cell heavy trucks in actual operation.

[0052] Any references to memory, storage, database, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and RAMbus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0053] In summary, this invention not only enables timely monitoring of the hydrogen refueling status of hydrogen storage cylinders, ensuring the safety of the hydrogen refueling process, but also accurately assesses the hydrogen refueling status, improving the stability of the hydrogen refueling process.

[0054] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for hydrogen refueling safety control of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, characterized in that, The method includes: M1. During the hydrogen refueling process, real-time data on the pressure, temperature, and hydrogen mass changes of the hydrogen storage tank are acquired. M2. Based on the pressure data, temperature data, and hydrogen mass change data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, an improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm is used to fuse the data to obtain the high-dimensional feature vector data of the fused hydrogen storage cylinder. M3. Based on the data information of the high-dimensional feature vector of the fused hydrogen storage cylinder, a multivariate time series prediction algorithm based on the optimal predator bidirectional gated loop unit is used to predict the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and the predicted data information of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is obtained. M4. Based on the predicted hydrogen refueling status data of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP is established to assess the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, obtaining the assessment value data of the hydrogen refueling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder. The hydrogen refueling safety assessment function QW_RH_SP is: ， Where: △x i =x i+1 -x i ρ is the increment of the hydrogen storage cylinder state at time i; ρ is the expected rate of change in refueling; δ is half of the maximum allowable instantaneous change; λ is a trade-off factor used to adjust the sensitivity to sudden changes; n is the number of sampling points; the smaller QW_RH_SP is, the more stable and safer the hydrogen refueling process is.

2. The method for hydrogen refueling safety control of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: M5. Based on the data information of the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder, a preset safety threshold is set. If the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is less than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is normal. If the evaluation value of the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is greater than the preset safety threshold, the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage cylinder is abnormal and hydrogen filling needs to be stopped.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step M2, the data fusion using the improved multimodal feature fusion algorithm includes: M21. Based on the data information of the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle, the data information of the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the data information of the hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle, feature extraction is performed to obtain the data information of the feature matrix of the pressure, temperature and hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage bottle. M22. Based on the data information of the feature matrix of pressure, temperature and hydrogen mass change of the hydrogen storage cylinder, feature fusion is performed on the data of the hydrogen storage cylinder to obtain the data information of the hydrogen storage cylinder feature fusion matrix. M23. Input the data information of the hydrogen storage bottle feature fusion matrix into the MLP and softmax layers for classification processing to generate the data information of the fused high-dimensional feature vector of the hydrogen storage bottle.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step M3, the multivariate time series prediction model using a bidirectional gated cyclic unit optimized based on the optimal predator optimization algorithm includes: M31. Input the fused high-dimensional feature vector into the initialized bidirectional gated recurrent unit model; M32. Global optimization of model parameters is performed using an optimal predator optimization algorithm, including: First, initialize the population of individuals and set the maximum number of iterations L. Then, recruit targets and update positions of the population of individuals according to the fitness function until convergence, and obtain the optimized model parameters. M33. The optimized bidirectional gated cyclic unit model is used to predict the hydrogen filling status of the hydrogen storage tank.

5. The method for hydrogen refueling safety control of fuel cell heavy-duty trucks according to claim 1, characterized in that: The error constant parameters ρ and δ satisfy: 0 < ρ < 1, 0 < δ < 1, and ρ 2 +δ 2 =1.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: S1. When the vehicle is powered off, detect whether the user operates the hydrogen refueling switch; if the hydrogen refueling switch is detected to be pressed, use the hydrogen refueling switch as the wake-up source to wake up the vehicle's main control unit (PCU); S2. The main control unit (PCU) wakes up the hydrogen management system (HMS) via a hard-wired signal and sends a hydrogen refueling enable command to the HMS when the vehicle is in a safe state. The safe state includes the vehicle being in P gear, the high-pressure system not being activated, the hydrogen system having no leaks, and the hydrogen refueling switch signal being valid. S3. The hydrogen management system (HMS) drives the vehicle-side infrared communication device to start and establishes communication with the hydrogen refueling machine according to the SAE J2799 standard. It sends communication data to the hydrogen refueling machine, including the type of hydrogen refueling port, the nominal volume of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the measured pressure, the measured temperature, the protocol identifier, and the refueling command, to realize information interaction during the 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen refueling process. S4. During hydrogen refueling, only the main control unit (PCU) and the hydrogen management system (HMS) of the vehicle remain awake, while the other electronic control units remain dormant. S5. The hydrogen management system (HMS) generates a hydrogen refueling status based on changes in the pressure, temperature, and hydrogen quality of the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen refueling status includes "not refueled", "refueling in progress", "refueling completed", and "refueling paused". The main control unit (PCU) performs logic control based on the hydrogen refueling status fed back by the HMS. When the HMS reports "refueling completed", the PCU stops hard-wired wake-up of the HMS and hydrogen refueling enable, and the vehicle enters a sleep state. S6. When the hydrogen refueling cap is open and hydrogen refueling is in progress, the vehicle must not be switched from P to D to prevent the vehicle from moving, and a "hydrogen refueling cap not closed" message will be displayed when the vehicle is powered on. S7. When the hydrogen refueling port cap remains open due to a malfunction, the emergency vehicle movement mechanism is activated: the user must press the designated button on the steering wheel and depress the brake pedal simultaneously after the vehicle is powered on in order to release the P gear restriction and achieve gear shifting. S8. When the vehicle is not powered on, if the SOC of the low-voltage battery is lower than the preset threshold, determine whether it is in the hydrogen refueling state; if the hydrogen refueling switch is activated or the HMS feedback shows "refueling in progress" or "incomplete", then prohibit the high-voltage system from starting for intelligent charging. S9. Detecting the state change of the hydrogen refueling switch: When the main control unit (PCU) detects that the hydrogen refueling switch changes from closed to open, it sends a hydrogen refueling port cap unlocking request; upon receiving this request, the body domain controller (BDCM) determines that the hydrogen refueling port cap is currently locked and then performs the unlocking action; when the main control unit (PCU) detects that the hydrogen refueling switch changes from open to closed, it sends a hydrogen refueling port cap locking request; upon receiving this request, the BDCM determines that the hydrogen refueling port cap is unlocked and then performs the locking action. S10. The hydrogen refueling switch is only used as a local wake-up source for the main control unit (PCU) and not as a continuous wake-up source for the vehicle network. Other network nodes follow the AUTOSAR network management strategy for hibernation and wake-up. When the hydrogen refueling switch is not turned off but the user triggers the one-button start signal T15, the main control unit (PCU) can enable vehicle network communication normally.

7. A hydrogen refueling safety control system for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks, characterized in that, It includes a computer device that is programmed or configured to perform the steps of the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The computer equipment includes a main control unit (PCU), a hydrogen management system (HMS), a vehicle domain controller (BDCM), a vehicle-side infrared communication module, and a human-machine interface; wherein: the PCU is used to respond to the hydrogen refueling switch signal, wake up the HMS, and send a hydrogen refueling enable command; the HMS is used to collect hydrogen storage tank status data, perform status prediction and safety assessment, and interact with the hydrogen refueling machine via infrared communication; the BDCM is used to receive PCU commands and control the opening and closing of the hydrogen refueling port cap; the human-machine interface is used to display the hydrogen refueling status and abnormal prompts.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrogen refueling switch serves as a wake-up source, used to wake up the PCU after the vehicle is powered off, and to wake up the HMS via a hard-wired signal; after confirming that the vehicle is in a safe state, the PCU sends a hydrogen refueling enable command to the HMS; the safe state includes the vehicle being in P gear, the high-pressure system not being activated, the hydrogen system having no leaks, and the hydrogen refueling switch signal being valid.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that is programmed or configured to perform the fuel cell heavy-duty truck hydrogen refueling safety control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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