Lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection and detection method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection and a detection method thereof, and relates to the technical field of lightning protection equipment detection. The comprehensive detection device for the lightning protection equipment comprises a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, a steering mechanism is arranged at the front part of the lower end of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, the steering mechanism comprises a mounting shell fixedly connected to the front end of the lower surface of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, a mounting cavity is formed in the mounting shell, and a rotating groove is formed in the inner bottom surface of the mounting cavity. The inner wall of the rotating groove is rotationally connected with a rotating ring, and the inner wall of the rotating ring is fixedly connected with a plurality of rotating tooth blocks. According to the lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection provided by the invention, through the arrangement of the steering mechanism and the conductive slip ring mechanism, the detection component at the lower end of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle can perform rotation detection without an angle limit; therefore, the problem that power cannot be supplied due to winding of the wire harness caused by overlarge rotation towards the same angle in the prior art is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to lightning protection equipment detection technical field, specifically to a kind of lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection and its detection method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lightning protection equipment refers to lightning rod placed on building, generally used to protect buildings, electrical systems, electronic equipment etc. from lightning hazards A complete set of devices and measures, its core purpose is to safely guide the lightning into the ground, avoid damage, fire or casualties caused by lightning strike, and lightning rod is exposed to the natural environment for a long time It may be ineffective due to corrosion, loosening, damage or poor grounding, so regular detection is needed, and lightning protection equipment is generally placed in a higher position, and it is more troublesome to detect manually, and with the development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, detection module and unmanned aerial vehicle are assembled, so that lightning rod is regularly inspected and detected by unmanned aerial vehicle, which can effectively avoid the problem of manual detection needing to climb. Therefore, a lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection and its detection method are proposed.

[0003] However, the detection module carried by the existing unmanned aerial vehicle has limited rotation angle when in use, as it needs wire harness to conduct power supply, so the detection module has limited rotation angle, and when detecting lightning protection equipment, the angle and position of the unmanned aerial vehicle need to be adjusted constantly, so the technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle pilot has certain requirements, and at the same time, when detecting lightning rod by traditional unmanned aerial vehicle, only the current situation of lightning rod can be detected, and the later situation cannot be effectively calculated through the current change.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the problems in the above technology, a lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection and its detection method are proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection and its detection method, which solves the problem that the later situation cannot be effectively calculated when lightning rod is inspected by unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: A comprehensive lightning protection equipment inspection device based on UAV inspection includes a multi-rotor UAV. A steering mechanism is provided at the front of the lower end of the multi-rotor UAV. The steering mechanism includes a mounting shell fixedly connected to the front end of the lower surface of the multi-rotor UAV. The mounting shell has a mounting cavity inside. A rotating groove is formed on the inner bottom surface of the mounting cavity. A rotating ring is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove. Multiple rotating gear blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring. A drive motor is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the mounting cavity. A rotating gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor. Side plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the lower surface of the mounting shell. A flip motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of one side plate. The output end of the flip motor passes through the side plate and is fixedly connected to a detection module. A conductive slip ring mechanism is fixedly connected to the center of the mounting cavity and the body of the other side plate. The conductive slip ring mechanism includes a fixed column fixedly connected to the center of the top surface of the mounting cavity and the body of the other side plate, respectively. A rotating frame is rotatably connected to the body of the fixed column. An insulating column is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed column near the inside of the rotating frame. Two annular grooves are opened on the body of the insulating column. Annular copper sheets are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the annular grooves. Two second wire harnesses are fixedly connected to the body of the rotating frame. One end of the second wire harness passes through the inside of the rotating frame and is electrically connected to a brush bristle. Two first wire harnesses are provided on the inner wall of the fixed column.

[0007] Preferably, the rotating gear meshes with the rotating tooth block, and the side of the detection module away from the flip motor is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the lower rotating frame.

[0008] Preferably, the lower end of the first wire harness passes through the fixed post to the interior of the insulating post and is electrically connected to the annular copper sheet respectively. The ends of the brush filaments away from the second wire harness are tightly attached to the annular copper sheet. The two second wire harnesses are electrically connected to the detection module and the flipping motor respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the outer wall of the brush bristles is fitted with an insulating sleeve, and the end of the insulating sleeve away from the annular copper sheet is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second wire harness.

[0010] Preferably, a detection method for a comprehensive lightning protection equipment detection device based on UAV inspection, wherein the detection module includes a visual detection unit, an electromagnetic detection unit, an environmental coupling unit, and a data processing and transmission unit, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Operate the multi-rotor drone to fly to one side of the top of the lightning rod; S2. Power the steering mechanism and conductive slip ring mechanism through the battery of the multi-rotor UAV, and then enable the detection module to perform steering and angle adjustment to detect the lightning rod; S3. The infrared thermal imager of the visual inspection unit takes a picture every 10° rotation of the multi-rotor UAV to capture abnormal temperatures at the lightning strike point. The laser rangefinder continuously scans the outline of the lightning rod to construct a three-dimensional point cloud model. The polarization camera is triggered when rotating to 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to detect anisotropic defects on the surface. The magnetic field sensor of the electromagnetic inspection unit collects the geomagnetic field strength every 30° rotation to identify the magnetic field change caused by the grounding body breakage. The transient voltage detector monitors the residual pulse signal of the lightning strike at a sampling rate of 1MHz. The temperature and humidity sensor of the environmental coupling unit uploads environmental data every 5 seconds to correct the infrared temperature measurement results. S4. The data collected by the multi-rotor UAV is transmitted to the terminal through the transmission module of the data processing and transmission unit. Then, the terminal's preprocessing module performs non-uniformity correction and radiometric calibration on the infrared image. The ICP algorithm is used to register the laser point cloud with the preset CAD model and calculate the tilt. When the tilt is ≥5°, an alarm is triggered. A mapping relationship between magnetic field strength and grounding resistance is established. When the measured magnetic field strength is 20% lower than the calibration value, it is judged as poor grounding. When the transient pulse amplitude is >5kV, it is marked as lightning overload risk. S5. Simultaneously, using the above data, render a 3D model of the lightning rod in the Unity engine, and mark the defect location, temperature distribution, and electromagnetic anomaly area; S6. Map multi-sensor data to a high-precision three-dimensional digital twin model, update the twin's state every second, use finite element analysis to simulate the current distribution at the moment of lightning strike, visualize whether the lightning path is unobstructed, and then predict the remaining life of the lightning rod based on historical data and physical degradation model. When the simulation shows that the grounding resistance may exceed the standard within the next 30 days, trigger a maintenance alarm in advance.

[0011] Preferably, the data in step S5 includes temperature, tilt, corrosion area, and electromagnetic field strength. Beneficial effects

[0012] This invention provides a comprehensive testing device and method for lightning protection equipment based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) inspection. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention provides a comprehensive testing device for lightning protection equipment based on UAV inspection. Through a steering mechanism and a conductive slip ring mechanism, a drive motor rotates a rotating gear, which in turn rotates a rotating ring via a rotating tooth block. This rotating ring then rotates a side plate. A flip motor adjusts the angle of the testing module. During rotation, the rotating frame rotates against a fixed column, and brushes contact an annular copper sheet, allowing the power from the first wire harness to be conducted to the second wire harness via the annular copper sheet and brushes. This provides power to the downstream electrical appliance, enabling unrestricted rotational testing of the downstream appliance and avoiding the problem of wire harness tangling caused by excessive rotation to the same angle in traditional methods.

[0013] 2. This invention provides a comprehensive inspection method for lightning protection equipment based on UAV inspection. By deeply integrating digital twin technology with UAV dynamic detection, it realizes real-time simulation and predictive maintenance of lightning rod status. The high-precision digital twin model is driven in real time by multi-dimensional data collected by UAV. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the distribution of lightning current and the material degradation process. It can effectively integrate physical models and LSTM neural networks to achieve the purpose of predicting fault risks in advance. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the steering mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the steering mechanism drive structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the conductive slip ring assembly in this invention.

[0015] in, 1. Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); 2. Steering mechanism; 201. Mounting housing; 202. Drive motor; 203. Mounting cavity; 204. Rotating groove; 205. Rotating ring; 206. Tilting motor; 207. Rotating gear; 208. Rotating gear block; 209. Side plate; 3. Conductive slip ring mechanism; 301. Fixed post; 302. Rotating frame; 303. Second wire harness; 304. Brush bristles; 305. Ring groove; 306. Annular copper sheet; 307. Insulating sleeve; 308. Insulating post; 309. First wire harness; 4. Detection module. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0017] A comprehensive lightning protection equipment inspection device based on UAV inspection includes a multi-rotor UAV 1. A steering mechanism 2 is provided at the front of the lower end of the multi-rotor UAV 1. The steering mechanism 2 includes a mounting housing 201 fixedly connected to the front end of the lower surface of the multi-rotor UAV 1. A mounting cavity 203 is opened inside the mounting housing 201. A rotating groove 204 is opened on the inner bottom surface of the mounting cavity 203. A rotating ring 205 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove 204. A plurality of rotating teeth 208 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring 205. A drive motor 202 is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the mounting cavity 203. A rotating gear 207 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 202. Side plates 209 are fixedly connected to both sides of the lower surface of the mounting housing 201. A flip motor 206 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of one side plate 209. The output end of the flip motor 206 passes through the side plate 209 and is fixedly connected to a detection module 4. A conductive slip ring mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the center of the mounting cavity 203 and the body of the other side plate 209. The conductive slip ring mechanism 3 includes a fixed post 301 fixedly connected to the center of the top surface of the mounting cavity 203 and the body of the other side plate 209 respectively. A rotating frame 302 is rotatably connected to the body of the fixed post 301. An insulating post 308 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed post 301 near the inside of the rotating frame 302. Two annular grooves 305 are opened on the body of the insulating post 308. Annular copper sheets 306 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the annular grooves 305. Two second wire harnesses 303 are fixedly connected to the frame of the rotating frame 302. One end of the second wire harness 303 passes through the inside of the rotating frame 302 and is electrically connected to a brush filament 304. Two first wire harnesses 309 are provided on the inner wall of the fixed post 301. Through the steering mechanism 2 and the conductive slip ring mechanism 3, the drive motor 202 drives the rotating gear 207 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating ring 205 to rotate via the rotating tooth block 208. This causes the rotating ring 205 to rotate, which in turn drives the side plate 209 to rotate. Then, the angle of the detection module 4 is adjusted by the flip motor 206. During rotation, the rotating frame 302 rotates with the fixed column 301, and the brush filament 304 contacts the annular copper sheet 306, so that the power of the first wire harness 309 is conducted to the second wire harness 303 through the annular copper sheet 306 and the brush filament 304, thereby providing power support for the electrical appliance at the lower end. This allows the electrical appliance at the lower end to be rotated and detected at an unlimited angle, thus avoiding the problem of wire harness tangling caused by excessive rotation to the same angle in traditional methods.

[0018] The rotating gear 207 meshes with the rotating tooth block 208. The side of the detection module 4 away from the flip motor 206 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the lower rotating frame 302. This allows the drive motor 202 to effectively drive the rotating ring 205 to rotate through the rotating gear 207. The conductive slip ring mechanism 3 set on the other side plate 209 can effectively conduct electricity to the detection module 4, thereby providing power to the detection unit of the detection module 4. At the same time, the detection module 4 can rotate in one direction without restriction through the flip motor 206.

[0019] The lower end of the first wire harness 309 passes through the interior of the fixed post 301 to the insulating post 308 and is electrically connected to the annular copper sheet 306. The ends of the brush filaments 304 away from the second wire harness 303 are tightly attached to the annular copper sheet 306. The two second wire harnesses 303 are electrically connected to the detection module 4 and the flip motor 206, respectively. This allows the first wire harness 309 to effectively conduct electricity to the second wire harness 303 through the annular copper sheet 306 and the brush filaments 304, thereby providing power support for the electrical appliances at the lower end.

[0020] An insulating sleeve 307 is provided on the outer wall of the bristles 304. The end of the insulating sleeve 307 away from the annular copper sheet 306 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second wire harness 303. The insulating sleeve 307 can effectively improve the safety of the bristles 304 and provide a certain degree of support for the bristles 304.

[0021] A detection method for a comprehensive lightning protection equipment detection device based on UAV inspection, wherein the detection module 4 includes a visual detection unit, an electromagnetic detection unit, an environmental coupling unit, and a data processing and transmission unit, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Operate the multi-rotor drone 1 to fly to one side of the top of the lightning rod; S2. Power the steering mechanism 2 and the conductive slip ring mechanism 3 through the battery of the multi-rotor UAV 1, and then make the detection module 4 perform steering and angle adjustment to detect the lightning rod; S3. The infrared thermal imager of the visual detection unit takes a picture every 10° rotation of the multi-rotor UAV 1 to capture the abnormal temperature at the lightning strike point. The laser rangefinder continuously scans the outline of the lightning rod to construct a three-dimensional point cloud model. The polarization camera is triggered when rotating to 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° to detect anisotropic defects on the surface. The magnetic field sensor of the electromagnetic detection unit collects the geomagnetic field strength every 30° rotation to identify the magnetic field change caused by the grounding body breakage. The transient voltage detector monitors the residual pulse signal of the lightning strike at a sampling rate of 1MHz. The temperature and humidity sensor of the environmental coupling unit uploads environmental data every 5 seconds to correct the infrared temperature measurement results. The data collected by the multi-rotor UAV 1 is transmitted to the terminal through the transmission module of the data processing and transmission unit. Then, the terminal's preprocessing module performs non-uniformity correction (NUC) and radiometric calibration on the infrared image. The ICP algorithm is used to register the laser point cloud with the preset CAD model and calculate the tilt. An alarm is triggered when the tilt is ≥5°. A mapping relationship between magnetic field strength and grounding resistance is established. When the measured magnetic field strength is 20% lower than the calibrated value, it is judged as poor grounding. When the transient pulse amplitude is >5kV, it is marked as lightning overload risk. S5. Simultaneously, using the above data, render a 3D model of the lightning rod in the Unity engine, and mark the defect location, temperature distribution, and electromagnetic anomaly area; S6. Map multi-sensor data to a high-precision three-dimensional digital twin model, update the twin's state every second, use finite element analysis to simulate the current distribution at the moment of lightning strike, visualize whether the lightning path is unobstructed, and then predict the remaining life of the lightning rod based on historical data and physical degradation model. When the simulation shows that the grounding resistance may exceed the standard within the next 30 days, trigger a maintenance alarm in advance.

[0022] The data in step S5 includes temperature, tilt, corrosion area, and electromagnetic field strength.

[0023] In this embodiment, the position of each unit of the detection module 4 is not limited, as long as the effect described in this embodiment can be achieved. In this embodiment, the circuit layout of each electrical component is not limited, as long as the effect described in this embodiment can be achieved. In this embodiment, the multi-rotor UAV 1 model is not limited, but this embodiment preferably uses a quadcopter UAV. Example 2

[0024] First, the multi-rotor drone 1 is operated to take off and land above the lightning rod. Then, the steering mechanism is activated, and the drive motor 202 drives the rotating gear 207 to rotate. The rotating gear 207 then meshes with the rotating tooth block 208, causing the rotating ring 205 to rotate inside the rotating groove 204. The lower end of the rotating ring 205 then drives the side plate 209 to rotate. As the side plate 209 rotates, the rotating frame 302 of the upper conductive slip ring mechanism 3 rotates on the column body of the fixed column 301. Then, the first wiring harness 309 of the conductive slip ring mechanism 3 is electrically connected to the power supply system of the multi-rotor drone 1, and the first wiring harness 309 guides the power to the annular copper sheet 306. Then, the annular copper sheet 306 rotates along with the insulating post 308. The second wire harness 303 then contacts the annular copper sheet 306 via the brush 304, thus transmitting the power from the first wire harness 309 to the second wire harness 303 via the annular copper sheet 306. The second wire harness 303 then electrically connects to the flip motor 206 and the first wire harness 309 of the lower conductive slip ring mechanism 3. The flip motor 206 then drives the detection module 4 to rotate, thereby recording and detecting different positions of the lightning rod. The drive motor 202 drives the detection module 4 to rotate continuously 360° via the rotating ring 205 at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute. The flip motor 206... The detection module's pitch angle is adjusted every 10°. During rotation, multiple sensors work collaboratively: the infrared thermal imager takes a picture every 10° of rotation to monitor the flash point temperature; the laser rangefinder continuously scans to construct a 3D contour; the polarized light camera captures surface defects at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°; the magnetic field sensor collects grounding data every 30°; the transient voltage detector monitors lightning strike signals at a 1MHz frequency; and the temperature and humidity sensor uploads environmental parameters every 5 seconds. The collected data is transmitted in real time to the processing terminal for multi-dimensional analysis. The infrared image undergoes non-uniformity correction and radiometric calibration; the laser point cloud data is matched with a preset CAD model; and the electromagnetic data undergoes environmental calibration. The environmental compensation system uses feature extraction algorithms to determine defect types, including flashpoint oxidation, grounding electrode breakage, and structural tilting, and assesses risk levels. Simultaneously, real-time data is injected into a digital twin model to predict the corrosion propagation rate, remaining life, and lightning strike withstand capability trends. The system generates a 3D visualization report, using different colors to mark the location and severity of various defects. Based on the detection results, maintenance decisions are automatically generated. For Level 1 risks (cracks exceeding 2mm or grounding resistance greater than 10Ω), a power outage for repair is required within 48 hours. For Level 2 risks (corrosion area exceeding 15% or magnetic field deviation greater than 30%), a planned maintenance plan for 30 days is developed. Minor defects are included in the next key review.

[0025] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, comprising a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1), characterized in that: The front end of the lower end of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1) is provided with a steering mechanism (2), the steering mechanism (2) comprises a mounting shell (201) fixedly connected at the front end of the lower surface of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1), a mounting cavity (203) is formed in the mounting shell (201), a rotating groove (204) is formed in the inner bottom surface of the mounting cavity (203), a rotating ring (205) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove (204), a plurality of rotating tooth blocks (208) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating ring (205), a drive motor (202) is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the mounting cavity (203), a rotating gear (207) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (202), the lower surface of the mounting shell (201) is fixedly connected with a side plate (209) on both sides, one side of the side plate (209) is fixedly connected with a turnover motor (206), and the output end of the turnover motor (206) penetrates through the side plate (209) and is fixedly connected with a detection module (4); The center of the mounting cavity (203) and the plate body of the other side of the side plate (209) are fixedly connected with a conductive slip ring mechanism (3), the conductive slip ring mechanism (3) comprises a fixed column (301) fixedly connected with the center of the inner top surface of the mounting cavity (203) and the plate body of the other side of the side plate (209), respectively, a rotating frame (302) is rotatably connected to the column body of the fixed column (301), an insulating column (308) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the fixed column (301) close to the inside of the rotating frame (302), two ring grooves (305) are formed in the column body of the insulating column (308), the inner walls of the ring grooves (305) are fixedly connected with annular copper sheets (306), and the frame body of the rotating frame (302) is fixedly connected with two second wire harnesses (303). One end of the second wire harness (303) penetrates into the inside of the rotating frame (302) and is electrically connected with a brush wire (304), and the inner wall of the fixed column (301) is provided with two first wire harnesses (309). 2.The lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection of claim 1, wherein: The rotating gear (207) is engaged with the rotating tooth block (208), and the detection module (4) is fixedly connected with one side of the rotating frame (302) away from the turnover motor (206). 3.The lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection of claim 1, wherein: The lower end of the first wire harness (309) penetrates through the fixed column (301) to the inside of the insulating column (308) and is electrically connected with the annular copper sheet (306), respectively, one end of the brush wire (304) away from the second wire harness (303) is tightly attached to the annular copper sheet (306), and the two second wire harnesses (303) are electrically connected with the detection module (4) and the turnover motor (206), respectively.

4. The lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the brush wire (304) is sleeved with an insulating sleeve (307), and one end of the insulating sleeve (307) away from the annular copper sheet (306) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the second wire harness (303).

5. The detection method of the lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection device based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection according to claims 1-4, wherein the detection module (4) comprises a visual detection unit, an electromagnetic detection unit, an environment coupling unit and a data processing and transmission unit, characterized in that, The steps include, S1. operating the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1) to fly to one side of the upper end of the lightning rod; S2. The battery of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1) supplies power to the steering mechanism (2) and the conductive slip ring mechanism (3), and then the detection module (4) detects the lightning rod by steering and angle adjustment; S3. The infrared thermal imager of the visual detection unit takes a picture every 10° of rotation of the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (1), captures the temperature anomaly of the lightning point, the laser range finder continuously scans the profile of the lightning rod, constructs a three-dimensional point cloud model, the polarized light camera is triggered when rotating to 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°, detects the anisotropic defects on the surface, and the magnetic field sensor of the electromagnetic detection unit collects the geomagnetic field strength every 30° of rotation, identifies the magnetic field mutation caused by the fracture of the grounding body, and the transient voltage detector monitors the lightning residual pulse signal at a sampling rate of 1MHz, and the temperature and humidity sensor of the environmental coupling unit uploads environmental data every 5 seconds, which is used to correct the infrared temperature measurement result; S4. The data collected by the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is transmitted to the terminal through the transmission module of the data processing and conduction unit, and then the infrared image is corrected for non-uniformity (NUC) and radiometric calibration through the pre-processing module of the terminal, the laser point cloud is registered with the preset CAD model using the ICP algorithm, the inclination is calculated, and an alarm is given when the inclination is greater than or equal to 5°, and a magnetic field strength-grounding resistance mapping relationship is established, when the measured magnetic field strength is less than 20% of the calibrated value, it is determined that the grounding is poor, and when the transient pulse amplitude is greater than 5kV, it is marked as lightning overload risk; S5. At the same time, the above data is rendered in the Unity engine to render the lightning rod three-dimensional model, mark the defect position, temperature distribution, and electromagnetic anomaly area; S6. Map the multi-sensor data to a high-precision three-dimensional digital twin model, update the twin body state every second, simulate the current distribution at the moment of lightning strike using finite element analysis, visualize whether the lightning path is unobstructed, and then predict the remaining life of the lightning rod based on historical data and physical degradation models, and when it is predicted that the grounding resistance may exceed the standard in the next 30 days, trigger a maintenance alarm in advance.

6. The lightning protection equipment comprehensive detection method based on unmanned aerial vehicle inspection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data of step S5 includes temperature, inclination, corrosion area, and electromagnetic field strength.

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