Method and device for preventing lead oxidation through low-temperature top slag technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for preventing lead oxidation through a low-temperature top slag technology. The method comprises the following steps that S1, low-temperature top slag is prepared, specifically, a slag former is added to the surface of molten lead liquid, and low-melting-point top slag is formed; s2, top slag composition regulation and control: dynamically adjusting the slagging constituent adding rate, and maintaining the top slag thickness; s3, low-temperature smelting control is conducted, specifically, smelting process parameters are optimized, the overall temperature in the smelting process is reduced, and volatilization and oxidation of lead are reduced; and S4, real-time monitoring and adjustment are conducted, specifically, the covering condition of top slag and the oxidation degree of lead are monitored in real time, smelting parameters and top slag components are adjusted in time according to the monitoring result, and maximization of the protection effect is ensured. And by accurately controlling the components and the adding amount of the slagging constituent, top slag with low melting point and good coverage is formed, air is effectively isolated, and lead is prevented from being oxidized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-temperature lead smelting operation and material protection technology, specifically relating to a low-temperature top slag technology method and device for preventing lead oxidation. Background Technology

[0002] Existing lead smelting processes in plate grid casting and alloy preparation are typically carried out at high temperatures. Lead is prone to oxidation at high temperatures, forming lead oxide, which produces lead slag and burn-off. Lead oxidation not only leads to a decline in material properties but may also cause environmental pollution and safety hazards. In traditional lead smelting processes, the molten lead easily forms a PbO oxide layer upon contact with air, with an oxidation burn-off rate of 5%-10%. This not only wastes lead resources but also generates a large amount of lead slag, polluting the environment.

[0003] Conventional anti-oxidation methods, such as inert gas protection (requiring continuous nitrogen flow, costing approximately 0.5 yuan / kg lead) and graphite coating (requiring regular replacement, resulting in high labor costs), suffer from high energy consumption, complex operation, and unstable protective effects. Low-temperature top slag technology, as a novel smelting process, demonstrates significant advantages in reducing energy consumption and pollution. However, research on its application in lead oxidation prevention remains lacking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for preventing lead oxidation using low-temperature top slag technology. By precisely controlling the composition and amount of the slag-forming agent, a low-melting-point top slag with good coverage is formed, effectively isolating air and preventing lead oxidation. At the same time, the coverage of the top slag is monitored in real time, and the smelting parameters and top slag composition are adjusted in a timely manner based on the monitoring results to ensure the maximization of the protective effect and improve the stability of the protective effect, thereby solving the problems in the prior art mentioned in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for preventing lead oxidation using low-temperature top slag technology includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Low-temperature top slag preparation: Add a slag-forming agent to the surface of molten lead to form a low-melting-point top slag;

[0008] S2. Top slag composition control: Dynamically adjust the slag-forming agent addition rate to maintain the top slag thickness;

[0009] S3. Low-temperature smelting control: Optimize smelting process parameters, reduce the overall temperature during smelting, and reduce lead volatilization and oxidation;

[0010] S4. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: Monitor the coverage of top slag and the degree of lead oxidation in real time, and adjust the smelting parameters and top slag composition in a timely manner based on the monitoring results to ensure the maximum protection effect.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the slag-forming agent is added at a mass ratio of CaO:Al2O3:SiO2 = 3:2:1, and 0.5-1% fluorite (CaF2) is added to lower the melting point of the top slag to 280-300℃, so that the top slag forms a liquid protective film on the surface of the lead melt.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, before adding the slag-forming agent, the smelting temperature is controlled at 320-380℃, and the thickness of the top slag is adjusted to 5-10mm by adjusting the amount of slag-forming agent added, covering an area of ​​≥95% of the lead melt surface.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, a segmented heating process is employed, specifically including:

[0014] a. Preheating stage: Raise the temperature to 300℃ and keep it at that temperature for 30 minutes to allow the slag-forming agent to react with the lead liquid initially;

[0015] b. Constant temperature stage: Raise the temperature to 350℃ and maintain the smelting process to ensure that the top slag is completely melted and covers the molten lead.

[0016] c. Cooling stage: 10 minutes before the end of smelting, the temperature is reduced to 320℃ to reduce lead volatilization.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the integrity of the slag layer coverage, and slag is automatically replenished when the coverage rate is <95%. An external temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the top slag in a non-contact manner.

[0018] It also includes a low-temperature top slag technology anti-lead oxidation device, comprising:

[0019] Smelting furnace;

[0020] Support brackets for supporting the smelting furnace are located on both sides of the smelting furnace;

[0021] An inner liner for holding molten lead is located inside the smelting furnace;

[0022] A temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a smelting furnace is installed inside the smelting furnace. The temperature control system includes heating elements that surround the inner liner.

[0023] An inlet mechanism for adding slag-forming agent to the inner liner is located at the top of the smelting furnace. The inlet mechanism includes a box for storing slag-forming agent and a top cover. The top cover has a U-shaped cross-section and is slidably disposed within the box. A feeding port for adding slag-forming agent is opened at the top of the top cover. The top cover is driven by an electric push rod installed on the outer wall of the box for feeding. When the electric push rod is working, the top cover moves toward the opening side of the box to push the slag-forming agent in the box into the inner liner.

[0024] Preferably, the furnace body is made of double-layer silicon carbide refractory material, lined with magnesia-calcium bricks, with an insulation layer thickness of 50mm and a furnace cavity volume of 0.5-2m³. 3 The furnace wall is equipped with four sets of thermocouples to provide real-time temperature data feedback. The heating element is a silicon molybdenum rod heating element, which, together with a PID temperature controller, achieves precise temperature control.

[0025] Preferably, the top of the support is provided with a rotating seat, and the outer walls on both sides of the smelting furnace are provided with shafts. The shafts and the rotating seat are rotatably connected. One set of shafts is also provided with a handle. A discharge nozzle extending to the outside of the smelting furnace is provided on one side of the upper end of the inner liner. When the handle is turned, the lead liquid in the inner liner can be discharged through the discharge nozzle.

[0026] Preferably, one of the brackets is equipped with a control panel on one side via a support plate. The control panel has an external display screen and control buttons, and a built-in PLC controller. The control panel monitors and controls the smelting temperature and the frequency of slag-forming agent addition.

[0027] Preferably, the top of the smelting furnace is provided with a top ring, which is coaxially arranged with the inner liner. The inner diameter of the top ring opening is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner liner to facilitate the addition of the slagging agent. The box is located on one side of the top ring opening. After leaving the box, the slagging agent falls from the top ring opening into the inner liner below.

[0028] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The low-temperature top slag technology method and device for preventing lead oxidation proposed in this invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0029] 1. By precisely controlling the composition and dosage of the slag-forming agent, a low-melting-point, well-covering top slag is formed, effectively isolating air and preventing lead oxidation. At the same time, the top slag coverage is monitored in real time, and smelting parameters and top slag composition are adjusted in a timely manner based on the monitoring results to ensure maximum protection effect and improve the stability of the protection effect.

[0030] 2. By optimizing the smelting process parameters, the overall temperature during the smelting process is reduced, significantly reducing energy consumption. Compared with traditional inert gas protection and graphite covering methods, this solution does not require continuous nitrogen supply or periodic graphite replacement, thus reducing material and labor costs.

[0031] 3. The application of low-temperature top slag technology reduces lead volatilization and oxidation, thereby reducing pollutant emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements; by precisely controlling the smelting temperature and slag-forming agent composition, the generation of harmful substances during the smelting process is further reduced, which is environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the smelting furnace of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inner liner of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box body of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Smelting furnace; 2. Support frame; 3. Inner liner; 4. Shaft; 5. Rotating seat; 6. Handle; 7. Feed nozzle; 8. Top ring; 9. Box body; 10. Top cover; 11. Feed port; 12. Electric push rod; 13. Heating element; 14. Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Please see Figure 1-4 :

[0039] A method for preventing lead oxidation using low-temperature top slag technology includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Low-temperature top slag preparation: Add a slag-forming agent to the surface of molten lead to form a low-melting-point top slag;

[0041] S2. Top slag composition control: Dynamically adjust the slag-forming agent addition rate to maintain the top slag thickness;

[0042] S3. Low-temperature smelting control: Optimize smelting process parameters, reduce the overall temperature during smelting, and reduce lead volatilization and oxidation;

[0043] S4. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: Monitor the coverage of top slag and the degree of lead oxidation in real time, and adjust the smelting parameters and top slag composition in a timely manner based on the monitoring results to ensure the maximum protection effect.

[0044] The above scheme precisely controls the composition and dosage of the slag-forming agent to form a low-melting-point, well-covering top slag, effectively isolating air and preventing lead oxidation. At the same time, the top slag coverage is monitored in real time, and the smelting parameters and top slag composition are adjusted in a timely manner based on the monitoring results to ensure maximum protection and improve the stability of the protection effect.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, in S1, the slag-forming agent is added at a mass ratio of CaO:Al2O3:SiO2 = 3:2:1, and 0.5-1% fluorite (CaF2) is added to lower the melting point of the top slag to 280-300℃, so that the top slag forms a liquid protective film on the surface of the lead melt.

[0046] Through S1, the low-melting-point top slag forms a dense liquid protective film on the surface of the molten lead, blocking the contact between the molten lead and oxygen, thus preventing lead oxidation at its source. Optimized slag-forming agent formulation ensures that the melting temperature of the top slag is lower than the smelting temperature of the molten lead, achieving effective coverage at low temperatures.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, in S2, before adding the slag-forming agent, the smelting temperature is controlled at 320-380℃, and the thickness of the top slag is adjusted to 5-10mm by the amount of slag-forming agent added, covering an area of ​​≥95% of the lead liquid surface.

[0048] The top slag thickness is adjusted to 5-10 mm by controlling the amount of slag-forming agent added, covering an area of ​​≥95% of the lead melt surface. The smelting temperature is controlled at 320-380℃, which is 20-30% lower than the traditional process, reducing thermal disturbance of the lead melt. If the top slag thickness is insufficient, the PLC controller triggers the slag-forming agent addition mechanism to replenish the material and maintain the stability of the top slag.

[0049] S2 and S4 precisely control the thickness and coverage area of ​​the top slag, ensuring complete coverage of the molten lead surface and preventing localized oxidation. Low-temperature control reduces lead volatilization, lowers the flow resistance of the top slag, and makes it easier to spread evenly, enhancing the protective effect.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, in S4, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the integrity of the slag layer coverage. When the coverage rate is <95%, slag is automatically replenished. An external temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the top slag in a non-contact manner.

[0051] S4 enables dynamic monitoring to ensure the integrity of the top slag cover and timely replenishment of slag to eliminate the risk of oxidation; closed-loop temperature control prevents the top slag from solidifying or over-melting due to temperature fluctuations, maintains the stability of the top slag's physical properties, and ensures the continuous effectiveness of the protection.

[0052] As a preferred implementation, S3 employs a segmented heating process, specifically including:

[0053] a. Preheating stage: Raise the temperature to 300℃ and keep it at that temperature for 30 minutes to allow the slag-forming agent to react with the lead liquid initially;

[0054] b. Constant temperature stage: Raise the temperature to 350℃ and maintain the smelting process to ensure that the top slag is completely melted and covers the molten lead.

[0055] c. Cooling stage: 10 minutes before the end of smelting, the temperature is reduced to 320℃ to reduce lead volatilization.

[0056] The S3 stage, with its segmented heating, avoids sudden temperature changes that could cause cracking of the top slag, ensuring a full reaction between the top slag and the molten lead. The preheating stage promotes the initial melting of the slag-forming agent, the isothermal stage ensures complete coverage of the top slag, and the cooling stage reduces lead vapor emissions, balancing oxidation prevention and environmental protection requirements.

[0057] Please see Figure 1-4 :

[0058] A method for preventing lead oxidation using low-temperature top ash technology, further comprising a device for preventing lead oxidation using low-temperature top ash technology, including:

[0059] Smelting Furnace 1; The furnace body of Smelting Furnace 1 is made of double-layer silicon carbide refractory material, lined with magnesia-calcium bricks, with an insulation layer thickness of 50mm, and a furnace cavity volume of 0.5-2m³. 3 The furnace wall is equipped with four sets of thermocouples to provide real-time temperature data feedback. The heating element 13 is a silicon molybdenum rod heating element 13, which, together with a PID temperature controller, achieves precise temperature control.

[0060] The inner liner 3, used to hold the molten lead, is located inside the smelting furnace 1. The temperature control system, used to control the temperature of the smelting furnace 1, is located inside the smelting furnace 1. The temperature control system includes a heating element 13, which is arranged around the inner liner 3. The PLC system automatically adjusts the amount of slag-forming agent added and the smelting temperature according to sensor data to achieve fully automated closed-loop control of the anti-oxidation process.

[0061] The furnace body is made of double-layer silicon carbide refractory material + 50mm insulation layer, and lined with magnesia-calcium bricks to reduce heat loss; 4 sets of thermocouples collect furnace temperature data in real time, and silicon molybdenum rod heating element 13 is used in conjunction with PID temperature controller to accurately adjust the temperature according to the set curve (accuracy ±1℃).

[0062] The high-efficiency insulation structure maintains a low-temperature smelting environment inside the furnace, reducing energy consumption; precise temperature control ensures a stable molten state of the top slag, avoiding performance failure of the top slag due to temperature fluctuations, and providing stable process conditions for oxidation prevention.

[0063] Among them, an infrared thermal imager is installed at the top of the inner ring 8 to monitor the integrity of the slag layer coverage, and an external temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the top slag in a non-contact manner.

[0064] Support brackets 2, used to support the smelting furnace 1, are located on both sides of the smelting furnace 1. A rotating seat 5 is mounted on the top of the support bracket 2. Shafts 4 are mounted on the outer walls of both sides of the smelting furnace 1, and the shafts 4 and rotating seats 5 are rotatably connected. One set of shafts 4 is also equipped with a handle 6. A discharge nozzle 7 extending to the outside of the smelting furnace 1 is located on one side of the upper end of the inner liner 3. Rotating the handle 6 allows molten lead to be discharged from the inner liner 3 through the discharge nozzle 7. A control panel 14 is mounted on one side of one set of support brackets via a support plate. The control panel 14 has an external display screen and control buttons, and a built-in PLC controller. The control panel 14 monitors and controls the smelting temperature and the frequency of slagging agent addition.

[0065] The top rotating seat 5 of the bracket 2 is connected to the shaft 4 of the smelting furnace 1. The handle 6 drives the smelting furnace 1 to tilt, and the inner liner 3 discharge nozzle 7 is aligned with the receiving device to realize automatic lead liquid discharge. The control panel 14 has a built-in PLC controller, which integrates temperature and feeding data display and parameter adjustment functions. The automated control system realizes real-time monitoring and remote adjustment of process parameters, reduces human operation errors, and improves production stability.

[0066] A feeding mechanism for adding slagging agent to the inner liner 3 is located at the top of the smelting furnace 1. The feeding mechanism includes a box 9 for storing the slagging agent and a top cover 10. The top cover 10 has a U-shaped cross-section and is slidably disposed inside the box 9. A feeding port 11 for adding the slagging agent is opened at the top of the top cover 10. The top cover 10 is driven by an electric push rod 12 installed on the outer wall of the box 9 for feeding. When the electric push rod 12 is working, the top cover 10 moves towards the opening side of the box 9, pushing the slagging agent in the box 9 into the inner liner 3. A top ring 8 is provided at the top of the smelting furnace 1. The top ring 8 and the inner liner 3 are coaxially arranged, and the inner diameter of the top ring 8 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner liner 3 to facilitate the addition of the slagging agent. The box 9 is located on one side of the opening of the top ring 8. After leaving the box 9, the slagging agent falls from the opening of the top ring 8 into the inner liner 3 below.

[0067] The electric push rod 12 drives the U-shaped top cover 10 to slide inside the box 9, and quantitatively pushes the slag-forming agent through the feeding port 11; the inner diameter of the top ring 8 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner liner 3, guiding the slag-forming agent to fall accurately onto the surface of the lead liquid and avoiding spillage; the PLC automatically adjusts the push rod stroke according to the monitoring data to control the amount added; the automated feeding realizes dynamic compensation of the top slag thickness, with a response time ≤10s; precise quantitative feeding avoids waste of slag-forming agent, reduces protection costs, and at the same time ensures the stability of the top slag composition and maintains the best anti-oxidation performance.

[0068] In this embodiment, the specific implementation is as follows:

[0069] I. Closed-loop implementation process of temperature control

[0070] 1. Data Acquisition and Transmission

[0071] Thermocouples: Four sets of thermocouples on the furnace wall collect the furnace temperature in real time (accuracy ±1℃), and infrared temperature sensors (non-contact, accuracy ±1℃) are arranged on the top slag surface to simultaneously monitor the temperature of lead liquid and top slag.

[0072] Signal transmission: Temperature data is transmitted to the built-in PLC controller on the control panel 14 via RS485 bus, with a sampling frequency of 10Hz to ensure real-time performance.

[0073] 2. Temperature calculation and regulation by PLC controller

[0074] Preset temperature curve: Input segmented heating parameters (preheating 300℃ / 30min, constant temperature 350℃, cooling 320℃) into control panel 14, and the PLC will store and generate a temperature control model.

[0075] PID control algorithm:

[0076] When the actual temperature is lower than the set value, the PLC output signal increases the power of the silicon molybdenum rod heating element 13 (adjustment range 0-100%), and the heating rate is controlled at 5-10℃ / min;

[0077] When the temperature approaches the set value, the PLC uses proportional-integral-derivative adjustment to keep the temperature fluctuation ≤ ±1℃ (e.g., maintaining 350±1℃ during the constant temperature stage).

[0078] 3. Execution and feedback of heating element 13

[0079] Silicon molybdenum rod heating: The heating element 13 is arranged around the inner liner 3. After receiving the PLC command, the heating power is controlled by adjusting the current (0-30A), and the response time is ≤5s.

[0080] Thermal balance maintenance: The double-layer silicon carbide refractory furnace body (50mm insulation layer) reduces heat loss, and with thermocouple feedback, it ensures furnace temperature uniformity ≤±3℃.

[0081] II. Triggering and Execution Mechanism for Automatic Addition of Slagging Agent

[0082] 1. Monitoring of top ash cover status

[0083] a. Infrared thermal imager: Real-time scanning of the surface temperature distribution of top slag, identifying coverage blind spots (the temperature of the uncovered lead liquid area is higher than that of the top slag area) through temperature differences, and calculating the coverage rate.

[0084] b. Threshold judgment: When the coverage rate is <95%, the thermal imager outputs a high-level signal to the PLC to trigger the slag replenishment program.

[0085] 2. Slag-forming agent addition mechanism

[0086] a. PLC instruction output: After receiving the slag replenishment signal, the PLC sends a pulse signal to the electric push rod 12 of the slag-forming agent addition mechanism.

[0087] b. Mechanical actuation:

[0088] The electric push rod 12 drives the top cover 10 to slide inside the box 9, pushing the slag-forming agent from the feed port 11 into the top ring 8;

[0089] The inner diameter of the top ring 8 is smaller than that of the inner liner 3, which guides the slag-forming agent to fall vertically onto the surface of the lead liquid and avoids spillage;

[0090] After the slag is added, the infrared thermal imager rescans, and the slag addition is stopped once the coverage rate is confirmed to be up to standard.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing lead oxidation using low-temperature top slag technology, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Low-temperature top slag preparation: Add a slag-forming agent to the surface of molten lead to form a low-melting-point top slag; S2. Top slag composition control: Dynamically adjust the slag-forming agent addition rate to maintain the top slag thickness; S3. Low-temperature smelting control: Optimize smelting process parameters, reduce the overall temperature during smelting, and reduce lead volatilization and oxidation; S4. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: Monitor the coverage of top slag and the degree of lead oxidation in real time, and adjust the smelting parameters and top slag composition in a timely manner based on the monitoring results to ensure the maximum protection effect.

2. A low temperature top slag technique lead free oxidation process as claimed in claim 1 wherein: In S1, the slag-forming agent is added at a mass ratio of CaO:Al2O3:SiO2 = 3:2:1, and 0.5-1% fluorite (CaF2) is added to lower the melting point of the top slag to 280-300℃, so that the top slag forms a liquid protective film on the surface of the lead liquid.

3. The low temperature top slag technique lead free oxidation process of claim 1, wherein: In step S2, before adding the slag-forming agent, the smelting temperature is controlled at 320-380℃, and the thickness of the top slag is adjusted to 5-10mm by adding the amount of slag-forming agent, covering an area of ​​≥95% of the lead liquid surface.

4. The low temperature top slag technique lead free oxidation process of claim 1, wherein: In step S3, a segmented heating process is adopted, specifically including: a. Preheating stage: Raise the temperature to 300℃ and keep it at that temperature for 30 minutes to allow the slag-forming agent to react with the lead liquid initially; b. Constant temperature stage: Raise the temperature to 350℃ and maintain the smelting process to ensure that the top slag is completely melted and covers the molten lead. c. Cooling stage: 10 minutes before the end of smelting, the temperature is reduced to 320℃ to reduce lead volatilization.

5. The low temperature top slag lead free oxidation process of claim 1 wherein: In step S4, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the integrity of the slag layer coverage. When the coverage rate is less than 95%, slag is automatically replenished. An external temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the top slag in a non-contact manner.

6. A low-melt top-slag technique lead-oxide prevention method according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising a low-melt top-slag technique lead-oxide prevention device, characterized in that, include: Smelting furnace (1); The brackets (2) used to support the smelting furnace (1) are set on both sides of the smelting furnace (1); The inner liner (3) for holding the molten lead is located inside the smelting furnace (1); A temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a smelting furnace (1) is installed inside the smelting furnace (1). The temperature control system includes a heating element (13) which surrounds the inner liner (3). The addition mechanism for adding slag-forming agent to the inner liner (3) is set on the top of the smelting furnace (1). The addition mechanism includes a box (9) for storing slag-forming agent and a top cover (10). The top cover (10) has a U-shaped cross section and is slidably set inside the box (9). The top of the top cover (10) has a feeding port (11) for adding slag-forming agent. The top cover (10) is driven by an electric push rod (12) installed on the outer wall of the box (9) for feeding. When the electric push rod (12) is working, the top cover (10) moves towards the opening side of the box (9) to push the slag-forming agent in the box (9) into the inner liner (3).

7. A lead-free oxidizing device for low temperature top slag technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The furnace body of the smelting furnace (1) adopts double-layer silicon carbide refractory material, is lined with magnesium calcium bricks, the thickness of the heat preservation layer is 50mm, and the cavity volume is 0.5-2m 3 The furnace wall is provided with four groups of thermocouples, real-time feedback temperature data, the heating element (13) adopts a silicon molybdenum rod heating element (13), and precise temperature control is realized in cooperation with a PID temperature controller.

8. A lead-free oxidizing device for low temperature top slag technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support (2) is provided with a rotating seat (5) at the top, the smelting furnace (1) is provided with shaft poles (4) on the outer walls on both sides, the shaft poles (4) and the rotating seat (5) are rotationally connected, one group of the shaft poles (4) is further provided with a handle (6), a blanking nozzle (7) extending to the outside of the smelting furnace (1) is arranged on one side of the upper end of the inner container (3), and the lead liquid in the inner container (3) can be blanked through the blanking nozzle (7) when the handle (6) is rotated.

9. A lead-free oxidizing device for low temperature top slag technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: One group of the supports (2) is provided with a control panel (14) on one side through a supporting plate, the control panel (14) is provided with an external display screen and control buttons, a PLC controller is arranged in the control panel (14), and the smelting temperature and the adding frequency of the slagging agent are monitored and controlled through the control panel (14).

10. A lead-free oxidizing device for low temperature top slag technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The smelting furnace (1) is provided with a top ring (8) at the top, the top ring (8) and the inner container (3) are coaxially arranged, and the inner diameter of the ring opening of the top ring (8) is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner container (3) so as to facilitate the addition of the slagging agent, a box body (9) is arranged on one side of the ring opening of the top ring (8), and the slagging agent falls into the inner container (3) below after leaving the box body (9).

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