Automatic variable aperture device for monitoring climate and soil nutrients of high and cold pasture

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic variable aperture device for monitoring weather and soil nutrients of a high and cold pasture, which comprises a cylinder and a monitoring assembly mounted on the cylinder. The iron wire bodies and the protruding blocks on one set of cylinders extend out, the iron wire bodies and the protruding blocks are matched with the through holes of the adjacent cylinders, the second driving assembly is used for controlling the opening and closing assembly to stably clamp the iron wire bodies, the iron wire bodies are prevented from falling off from the through holes through the protruding blocks, and the iron wire bodies are connected with the adjacent cylinders; then the first driving assembly synchronously drives the material roll to rotate so as to take up and pay off the iron wire body, the movable frame and the rhombic frame are driven to do reciprocating linear motion, automatic and flexible adjustment of the aperture of an observation area is achieved, and monitoring requirements of different scales such as single-plant forage grass monitoring, district community investigation and large-area climate and soil correlation analysis can be accurately met; the comprehensiveness and synchronism of monitoring data are guaranteed, and the practicability and operability of ecological monitoring work of the high and cold pasture are remarkably enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of monitoring climate and soil nutrients in high-altitude pastures, specifically to an automatic variable aperture device for monitoring climate and soil nutrients in high-altitude pastures. Background Technology

[0002] Climate and soil nutrient monitoring in high-altitude pastures is a comprehensive monitoring effort conducted in response to the unique challenges of low temperatures, strong winds, frequent soil freeze-thaw cycles, and fragile ecosystems in high-altitude regions. The core of this monitoring is the simultaneous collection of climate indicators (such as solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation) and core soil parameters (such as soil temperature and humidity, and the content of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) that affect pasture growth and sustainability. By systematically recording the dynamic changes of these indicators, the study aims to clearly understand the microclimate patterns, soil fertility, and their mutual influence in high-altitude pastures. Ultimately, this provides precise data support for scientific management decisions such as forage variety selection, grazing intensity control, soil improvement, and ecological protection. It also contributes to research on the stability and sustainability of high-altitude ecosystems.

[0003] In existing technologies, most high-altitude pasture ecological monitoring devices adopt a fixed aperture design. Once the observation range is determined, it cannot be flexibly adjusted, making it difficult to adapt to the actual needs of different monitoring scenarios. When monitoring the growth status of a single grass plant, a small area (e.g., diameter 1-1.5m) of precise coverage is required to avoid interference from the surrounding environment. When monitoring the distribution of grass communities or soil nutrient heterogeneity in a small area, a medium area (e.g., diameter 1.5-2m) of coverage is required to balance accuracy and representativeness. When monitoring the correlation between climate and soil in a larger area, an even larger area (e.g., diameter 2-2.5m) of coverage is required to obtain overall data. Fixed aperture devices either result in insufficient monitoring samples due to their small range, failing to reflect the overall situation of the area, or dilute the data of the target area and reduce accuracy due to their large range. This makes it difficult to meet diverse monitoring targets and reduces the efficiency and practicality of data collection, failing to adapt to the ecological monitoring needs of different scales and targets in high-altitude pastures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic variable aperture device for monitoring climate and soil nutrients in high-altitude pastures, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Most existing high-altitude pasture ecological monitoring devices are designed with fixed apertures, which cannot flexibly adjust the observation range and are difficult to adapt to the monitoring needs of different scales, such as precise monitoring of single grass plants, regional community surveys, and large-scale regional correlation analysis. Either the range is too small, resulting in insufficient samples, or the range is too large, reducing the accuracy of data, thus affecting the monitoring efficiency and practicality.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic variable aperture device for monitoring climate and soil nutrients in high-altitude pastures, comprising a cylinder, a monitoring component mounted on the cylinder, a through hole in the cylinder, an opening / closing component mounted at the through hole in the cylinder, a second driving component mounted on the opening / closing component, a fixed frame fixedly connected inside the cylinder, a material roll rotatably connected to the fixed frame, a wire body fixedly connected at one end to the material roll, a protrusion fixedly connected at the other end of the wire body, a support frame fixedly connected inside the fixed frame, a fixed rod fixedly connected to the support frame, a movable frame slidably connected to the fixed rod, and an installation... The system includes a first drive assembly on the support frame, a diamond-shaped frame fixedly connected to the movable frame, a buffer assembly installed on the diamond-shaped frame, and a rubber ring fixedly connected to the fixed frame. The wire body passes through the diamond-shaped frame and the fixed frame in sequence. The wire body is located inside the rubber ring and at the through hole. The first drive assembly is used to drive the material roll to rotate while driving the movable frame and the diamond-shaped frame to reciprocate linearly. The monitoring assembly is used to monitor solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, and soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The opening and closing assembly is used to insert the protrusions on another set of cylinders and the wire body into the smooth rod in sequence, thereby clamping the wire body and the protrusions.

[0006] Based on the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, four sets of through holes are provided, and the four sets of through holes are evenly distributed in a ring on the cylinder.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the first drive assembly includes a reciprocating screw rotatably connected to a support frame, a micro motor fixedly connected to the support frame, a first transmission roller fixedly connected to the reciprocating screw, a second transmission roller fixedly connected to the material roll, and a synchronous belt drivingly connecting the first and second transmission rollers. The reciprocating screw is fixedly connected to the output end of the micro motor, and the moving frame is threadedly connected to the reciprocating screw. The micro motor is used to drive the reciprocating screw to rotate, and the synchronous belt is used to drive the second transmission roller to rotate simultaneously with the rotation of the reciprocating screw.

[0008] According to the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the buffer assembly includes a smooth rod slidably connected to the rhomboid frame, a support base fixedly connected to one end of the smooth rod, a limiting disk fixedly connected to the other end of the smooth rod, a rotating roller rotatably connected to the support base, and a compression spring fixedly connected between the support base and the rhomboid frame. The wire body is disposed between the rotating rollers, and the compression spring is used to provide elasticity to the support base and the rotating roller.

[0009] Based on the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, four sets of support seats and rotating rollers are provided. The four sets of support seats and rotating rollers are evenly distributed in a ring on the rhomboid frame, and the rotating rollers are set as a cone shape with the diameters at both ends decreasing towards the middle.

[0010] According to the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing plate slidably connected to the corresponding through hole position of the cylinder and a rubber pad fixedly connected to the inner side of the opening and closing plate. The second driving assembly is used to drive the two sets of light rods and the support base to move closer or further apart.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the second drive assembly includes a gear rotatably connected to a cylinder, a rack slidably connected to a cylinder, a miniature hydraulic telescopic rod fixedly connected inside the cylinder, and a bracket fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the miniature hydraulic telescopic rod and the rack. The rack meshes with the gear, and the bracket is fixedly connected to the opening and closing plate. The miniature hydraulic telescopic rod is used to drive the rack on one side to slide linearly on the opening and closing plate on one side, and then the gear drives the rack on the other side to slide linearly in the opposite direction with the opening and closing plate.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a first groove is provided on the cylinder at the corresponding position of the opening and closing plate, and the opening and closing plate is slidably connected to the first groove of the cylinder. A second groove is provided on the cylinder at the corresponding position of the rack, and the rack is slidably connected to the second groove of the cylinder.

[0013] According to the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the monitoring component includes a climate sensor fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder, a rod fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder, a soil sensor fixedly connected inside the rod, and an auger fixedly connected to the rod. The climate sensor is used to monitor solar radiation, air temperature, and precipitation. The soil sensor is used to monitor soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The auger is used to fix the cylinder to the soil.

[0014] Based on the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the auger is configured in a cone shape from low to high.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. A set of cylindrical bodies with protrusions extend from the wire body and protrusions. Utilizing the cooperation between the wire body, protrusions, and through-holes in adjacent cylinders, the second drive component controls the opening and closing component to securely clamp the wire body. The protrusions prevent the wire body from falling out of the through-holes, ensuring its connection with adjacent cylinders. The first drive component then synchronously drives the material roll to rotate, releasing and retracting the wire body and driving the moving frame and rhomboid frame in reciprocating linear motion. This achieves automatic and flexible adjustment of the aperture in the observation area, accurately adapting to monitoring needs at different scales, such as single-plant pasture monitoring, regional community surveys, and large-area climate and soil correlation analysis. It can also simultaneously collect climate indicators such as solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation, as well as nutrient parameters such as soil temperature and humidity, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through the monitoring component, ensuring the comprehensiveness and synchronicity of monitoring data. This significantly enhances the practicality and operability of ecological monitoring work in high-altitude pastures.

[0017] 2. With four sets of ring-shaped support seats and rotating rollers, and a conical rotating roller design, and with compression springs providing elastic buffer for the support seats and rotating rollers, the rotating rollers make rolling contact with the wire body. This reduces the friction when the wire is retracted and extended, preventing the wire from becoming brittle under high and low temperatures. It also adapts to the tension changes of the wire through elastic tension, ensuring that the wire remains stable during the aperture adjustment process.

[0018] 3. The tapered auger design reduces resistance when inserted into the soil, allowing for easy rotation and installation. The contact area with the soil increases with depth, resulting in a more secure fixation. This design can withstand the impact of strong winds in high-altitude pastures, preventing the device from tipping over and affecting monitoring, thus ensuring the continuity of monitoring data. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an automatic variable aperture device for monitoring climate and soil nutrients in high-altitude pastures according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wire body and protrusion structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first driving component of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reciprocating lead screw structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer component structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing component structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second driving component of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring component structure of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder; 21. Through hole; 22. Fixing frame; 23. Material roll; 24. Support frame; 25. Fixing rod; 26. Moving frame; 27. Rhomboid frame; 28. Wire body; 29. ​​Protrusion; 210. Rubber ring; 211. Reciprocating screw; 212. First transmission roller; 213. Second transmission roller; 214. Synchronous belt; 215. Micro motor; 31. Smooth rod; 32. Support seat; 33. Rotating roller; 34. Compression spring; 35. Limiting plate; 41. Opening and closing plate; 42. Rubber pad; 43. Micro hydraulic telescopic rod; 44. Rack; 45. Gear; 46. Bracket; 51. Climate sensor; 52. Insert rod; 53. Screw; 54. Soil sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Implementable methods already discovered in this field:

[0029] As an important component of the global ecosystem, high-altitude pastures are widely distributed in high-altitude areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Hulunbuir Plateau, and Qilian Mountains in China, covering a total area of ​​over 6 million square kilometers. They are not only the core carriers of my country's five major pastoral areas, supporting the production and livelihood of nearly 10 million herders and the development of the livestock economy, but also play a crucial ecological barrier role. Their unique geographical location makes them the source of major rivers such as the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, playing an important role in conserving water resources, regulating climate, preventing wind erosion and sand fixation, and protecting biodiversity. At the same time, they are also one of the most climate change-sensitive areas in the world, serving as a natural laboratory for studying the interaction between climate and ecosystems. Compared to plains pastures, alpine pasture ecosystems possess extremely unique and fragile characteristics: Climatically, the average annual temperature is generally below -2℃, with extreme winter temperatures reaching below -40℃ and a freezing period lasting 6-8 months. Summers are short with diurnal temperature variations exceeding 15℃. Average annual precipitation is only 200-500mm, concentrated in July-September. Average annual wind speeds are 4-6m / s, and extreme weather events such as spring sandstorms and winter blizzards are frequent. Soil-wise, the soil is primarily alpine meadow and alpine grassland soil, with a shallow soil layer (average thickness less than 3m). The soil is characterized by low organic matter content (0cm), loose soil particles, and significant seasonal freeze-thaw cycles—the cycle of soil freezing and expanding in winter and thawing and collapsing in spring not only damages soil structural stability but also leads to nutrient leaching and surface soil erosion. In terms of vegetation, it is dominated by cold-resistant perennial herbaceous plants (such as needlegrass, sheepgrass, and sedge), with short growth cycles (only 90-120 days), a simple community structure, and extreme sensitivity to climate fluctuations, changes in soil fertility, and grazing disturbances. Once degraded, it is difficult to recover naturally. This unique environment characterized by "low temperatures, strong winds, frequent freeze-thaw cycles, and fragile ecosystems" dictates that the sustainable development of alpine pastures depends not only on scientific livestock management but also on precise monitoring of key ecosystem elements. Systematic monitoring of pasture dynamics provides data support for forage selection (breeds adapted to low temperatures and arid environments), grazing intensity control (avoiding overgrazing leading to vegetation degradation), soil improvement (targeted nutrient supplementation), and ecological protection (desertification control, wetland protection), ensuring a balance between livestock production and ecological conservation. Furthermore, it provides fundamental data for cutting-edge research on the stability of alpine ecosystems and carbon sequestration potential assessments in the context of global climate change, possessing significant economic and scientific value.

[0030] The stable operation of alpine pasture ecosystems and the growth of pasture grass are directly regulated by both climate conditions and soil environment. Therefore, the core of the monitoring work is to collect key indicators that affect pasture grass growth and pasture sustainability simultaneously, based on the correlation logic of "climate-soil-vegetation", and to build a complete monitoring system. Among them, climate indicators focus on the dynamic changes of pasture microclimate, with the core including three key parameters: solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation. Solar radiation is the energy source for pasture photosynthesis, and its intensity and duration directly determine the efficiency of pasture biomass accumulation. In high-altitude and cold regions, the high altitude and thin air result in strong solar radiation but also strong ultraviolet radiation, which has a dual impact on pasture leaf growth. Temperature is the core factor regulating the pasture growth cycle. When the average daily temperature is consistently above 5°C, pasture begins to germinate, and above 10°C, it enters a rapid growth period. However, autumn frosts and extreme low temperatures in winter can directly cause pasture to wither or be damaged by frost, affecting the greening rate the following year. Precipitation is the main source of water resources in high-altitude pastures. Since evaporation is much greater than precipitation, the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation (such as whether there is sufficient concentrated rainfall in summer and whether there is thorough rain during the spring greening period) directly determines soil moisture, which in turn affects the germination rate and growth vigor of pasture. Long-term drought can lead to pasture degradation or even desertification. Soil indicators focus on soil fertility and environmental adaptability, with core components including soil temperature and humidity, and the content of nutrients such as soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Soil temperature and humidity interact with climatic conditions; soil temperature affects the efficiency of forage root respiration and nutrient absorption, winter soil freezing inhibits root growth, and the rate of soil thawing in spring determines the timing of forage greening. Soil humidity directly affects nutrient dissolution and root absorption; excessive humidity can lead to root hypoxia, while insufficient humidity can hinder nutrient transport. Soil carbon mainly exists in the form of organic matter and is responsible for improving soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and soil quality. At the core of the structure, the soil carbon pool in high-altitude pastures is one of the world's important terrestrial carbon sinks, and its dynamic changes are closely related to climate change. Soil nitrogen is a key element in forage protein synthesis, directly affecting the nutritional value and palatability of forage. High-altitude soils generally have low nitrogen content, and the freeze-thaw process can lead to nitrogen leaching or volatilization, which is a major factor restricting forage yield. Soil phosphorus participates in key physiological processes such as photosynthesis and energy metabolism in forage, promotes root development and flowering and fruiting, and enhances forage's resistance to stress (such as cold and drought resistance). Its effectiveness is significantly affected by soil pH and temperature and humidity. These indicators do not exist in isolation, but form a complex network of connections: for example, rising temperatures in spring accelerate soil thawing, and increased soil temperature and humidity promote the decomposition of organic matter, releasing readily available nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. At the same time, increased solar radiation and rainfall jointly promote the greening and growth of pasture. If abnormally high summer temperatures lead to soil drought, it will inhibit nutrient release. Even if the soil has sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus reserves, pasture cannot absorb them effectively, resulting in slow growth. Strong winds in winter will accelerate the evaporation of surface soil moisture, exacerbating soil drought, and may also erode the top fertile soil, leading to nutrient loss.Therefore, monitoring of high-altitude pastures must achieve simultaneous collection and systematic recording of climate and soil indicators in order to clearly understand the microclimate patterns, soil fertility status, and the interaction mechanism between the two, and provide reliable data support for subsequent management decisions and scientific research analysis.

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see Figure 1-8 This invention provides an embodiment of an automatic variable aperture device for monitoring climate and soil nutrients in high-altitude pastures, comprising a cylinder 1, a monitoring component mounted on the cylinder 1, a through hole 21 on the cylinder 1, an opening / closing component mounted at the through hole 21 on the cylinder 1, a second drive component mounted on the opening / closing component, a fixed frame 22 fixedly connected inside the cylinder 1, a material roll 23 rotatably connected to the fixed frame 22, a wire body 28 fixedly connected at one end to the material roll 23, a protrusion 29 fixedly connected at the other end of the wire body 28, a support frame 24 fixedly connected inside the fixed frame 22, a fixed rod 25 fixedly connected to the support frame 24, a movable frame 26 slidably connected to the fixed rod 25, a first drive component mounted on the support frame 24, a rhombus-shaped frame 27 fixedly connected to the movable frame 26, a buffer component mounted on the rhombus-shaped frame 27, and a rubber ring 210 fixedly connected to the fixed frame 22. The wire body 28 passes through the rhombus frame 27 and the fixed frame 22 in sequence. The wire body 28 is set inside the rubber ring 210 and at the through hole 21. The first drive component is used to drive the material roll 23 to rotate while driving the moving frame 26 and the rhombus frame 27 to reciprocate linearly. The monitoring component is used to monitor solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, and soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The opening and closing component is used to insert the protrusion 29 on another set of cylinders 1 and the wire body 28 into the light rod 31 in sequence, thereby clamping the wire body 28 and the protrusion 29. Through the coordinated cooperation of each component, the first drive component can realize the opening and closing of the wire body 28 and the buffer adjustment of the rhombus frame 27. The monitoring component can also collect the core indicators of climate and soil simultaneously. The opening and closing component can also stably connect the adjacent cylinders 1, providing a basis for automatic aperture change and accurate monitoring, and adapting to the ecological monitoring needs of high-altitude pastures.

[0033] Please see Figure 2A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: four sets of through holes 21 are provided, and the four sets of through holes 21 are evenly distributed in a ring on the cylinder 1. By evenly distributing the four sets of through holes 21 in a ring, the wire body 28 can stably extend from the four directions of the cylinder 1 and connect to adjacent components, making the enclosed observation area more regular. At the same time, it improves the force balance of the cylinder 1, avoids excessive force in one direction leading to tipping, and is suitable for use in high-altitude pastures with multiple wind directions and complex terrain.

[0034] Please see Figure 3 A further embodiment of this solution is as follows: The first drive assembly includes a reciprocating screw 211 rotatably connected to the support frame 24, a micro motor 215 fixedly connected to the support frame 24, a first transmission roller 212 fixedly connected to the reciprocating screw 211, a second transmission roller 213 fixedly connected to the material roll 23, and a synchronous belt 214 drivingly connecting the first transmission roller 212 and the second transmission roller 213. The reciprocating screw 211 is fixedly connected to the output end of the micro motor 215, and the moving frame 26 is threadedly connected to the reciprocating screw 211. On the reciprocating screw 211, a micro motor 215 is used to drive the reciprocating screw 211 to rotate, and a synchronous belt 214 is used to drive the second transmission roller 213 to rotate at the same time as the reciprocating screw 211 rotates. By driving the reciprocating screw 211 to rotate through the micro motor 215, and coordinating the first and second transmission rollers 213 with the synchronous belt 214, the winding and unwinding of the wire coil 23 and the buffering of the moving frame 26 driving the diamond frame 27 are synchronized, reducing the conflict of independent operation of components, improving the accuracy and efficiency of aperture adjustment, and the structure is simple.

[0035] Please see Figure 5 A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: The buffer assembly includes a smooth rod 31 slidably connected to the rhomboid frame 27, a support base 32 fixedly connected to one end of the smooth rod 31, a limiting disk 35 fixedly connected to the other end of the smooth rod 31, a rotating roller 33 rotatably connected to the support base 32, and a compression spring 34 fixedly connected between the support base 32 and the rhomboid frame 27. The wire body 28 is disposed between the rotating roller 33. The compression spring 34 is used to provide elasticity to the support base 32 and the rotating roller 33. The compression spring 34 provides elastic buffering for the support base 32 and the rotating roller 33. The rotating roller 33 and the wire body 28 roll in contact, which can reduce the friction when the wire is retracted and extended, avoid the wire from becoming brittle under high and low temperatures, and adapt to the tension change of the wire through elastic tension, ensuring that the wire always remains stable during the aperture adjustment process.

[0036] Please see Figure 5A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: four sets of support seats 32 and rotating rollers 33 are provided. The four sets of support seats 32 and rotating rollers 33 are evenly distributed in a ring on the rhomboid frame 27. The rotating rollers 33 are set as conical shapes with the diameters of both ends decreasing towards the middle. Through the four sets of ring-distributed support seats 32 and rotating rollers 33, combined with the design of the conical rotating rollers 33, the wire body 28 can be guided in an all-round way, automatically correcting the wire deviation, avoiding jamming during winding and unwinding, and making the wire more evenly stressed, further improving the smoothness and accuracy of aperture adjustment.

[0037] Please see Figure 6 A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: the opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing plate 41 slidably connected to the position of the through hole 21 on the cylinder 1 and a rubber pad 42 fixedly connected to the inner side of the opening and closing plate 41. The second driving assembly is used to drive the two sets of light rods 31 and the support base 32 to move closer or further apart. The rubber pad 42 on the inner side of the opening and closing plate 41 increases the friction with the wire body 28 and the protrusion 29. With the drive of the second driving assembly, the wire and the protrusion 29 can be firmly clamped to prevent the wire from loosening and falling off in cold and windy weather. At the same time, the rubber pad 42 can buffer the clamping force to avoid damaging the wire.

[0038] Please see Figure 7 A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: The second driving component includes a gear 45 rotatably connected to the cylinder 1, a rack 44 slidably connected to the cylinder 1, a miniature hydraulic telescopic rod 43 fixedly connected inside the cylinder 1, and a bracket 46 fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the miniature hydraulic telescopic rod 43 and the rack 44. The rack 44 meshes with the gear 45, and the bracket 46 is fixedly connected to the opening and closing plate 41. The miniature hydraulic telescopic rod 43 is used to drive the rack 44 on one side to drive the opening and closing plate 41 on one side to slide linearly. Then, the gear 45 drives the rack 44 on the other side to slide linearly in the opposite direction with the opening and closing plate 41. By driving the rack 44 through the miniature hydraulic telescopic rod 43, and cooperating with the meshing transmission of the gear 45, the synchronous reverse sliding of the two sets of opening and closing plates 41 is realized, making the clamping or releasing action more stable and precise, convenient to operate and controllable in force, and the connection and fixation of the wire can be completed without complicated operation.

[0039] Please see Figure 6-7 A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: a first sliding groove is provided on the cylinder 1 at the corresponding position of the opening and closing plate 41, the opening and closing plate 41 is slidably connected to the first sliding groove of the cylinder 1, and a second sliding groove is provided on the cylinder 1 at the corresponding position of the rack 44, the rack 44 is slidably connected to the second sliding groove of the cylinder 1. The first sliding groove and the second sliding groove provide stable sliding guidance for the opening and closing plate 41 and the rack 44 respectively, avoiding deviation or jamming during sliding, reducing component wear, extending the service life of the device in high-altitude freeze-thaw environments, and ensuring smoother opening and closing action and transmission process.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 and 8 A further embodiment of this solution is as follows: The monitoring component includes a climate sensor 51 fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 1, a rod 52 fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder 1, a soil sensor 54 fixedly connected inside the rod 52, and an auger 53 fixedly connected to the rod 52. The climate sensor 51 is used to monitor solar radiation, air temperature, and precipitation. The soil sensor 54 is used to monitor soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The auger 53 is used to fix the cylinder 1 to the soil. Through the climate sensor 51 at the top of the cylinder 1 and the soil sensor 54 inside the rod 52 at the bottom, the climate and soil indicators are collected synchronously, making the data more correlated. At the same time, the auger 53 can firmly fix the cylinder 1 in the soil of the high-altitude pasture, preventing the device from shifting due to strong winds or freeze-thaw cycles, and ensuring the continuity of monitoring data.

[0041] Please see Figure 8 A further solution based on this embodiment is as follows: the auger 53 is set in a cone shape from low to high. With the cone-shaped design of the auger 53, there is less resistance when it is inserted into the soil, and it can be easily rotated and installed. After insertion, the contact area with the soil increases with the depth, and the fixing effect is more firm. It can resist the impact of strong winds in high-altitude pastures and prevent the device from tipping over and affecting monitoring.

[0042] Working principle: First, the miniature hydraulic telescopic rod 43 in the second drive assembly extends and retracts, driving the rack 44 connected to the bracket 46 to slide along the second slide groove. The rack 44 meshes with the gear 45 for transmission, thereby driving the rack 44 on the other side and the opening and closing plate 41 to slide synchronously in the opposite direction along the first slide groove, so that the opening and closing assembly at the through hole 21 opens. The iron wire body 28 (with a protrusion 29 fixed at the end) wound on a set of cylindrical 1 feed coils 23 passes through its own through hole 21 and rubber ring 210, and is then inserted into the through hole 21 of the adjacent cylindrical 1. Then, the second drive assembly is controlled. The component drives the opening and closing plate 41 to close, and the rubber pad 42 on the inner side of the opening and closing plate 41 forms a firm clamp on the wire body 28 and the protrusion 29 to prevent the wire from loosening and falling off. Multiple sets of cylinders 1 are interconnected with the wire body 28 through four sets of annularly distributed through holes 21, forming an initial observation area. Then, the micro motor 215 in the first drive component is started to drive the reciprocating screw 211 to rotate. On the one hand, the first transmission roller 212 and the second transmission roller 213 are linked by the synchronous belt 214 to drive the material coil 23 to rotate, thereby realizing the winding of the wire body 28. The reciprocating screw 211 moves the adjacent cylinders 1 closer or further apart to adjust the aperture of the observation area. Meanwhile, the reciprocating screw 211 drives the moving frame 26 to reciprocate linearly along the fixed rod 25, which in turn drives the rhomboid frame 27 to move synchronously. Four sets of annularly distributed buffer components on the rhomboid frame 27 provide elastic tension through compression springs 34. This, combined with the rolling contact between the conical rotating roller 33 and the wire body 28, reduces friction during wire retraction and prevents wire brittleness under extreme temperatures. It also automatically corrects wire deviation and stabilizes tension. The rubber ring 210 further protects the wire. The main body 28 serves a protective function; then, the cylinder 1 is inserted into the soil of the alpine pasture by rotating the bottom conical auger 53. The large-area contact between the auger 53 and the soil achieves stable fixation, preventing the device from shifting due to strong winds or freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, the climate sensor 51 at the top of the cylinder 1 monitors climate indicators such as solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation in real time, while the soil sensor 54 inside the bottom insertion rod 52 simultaneously collects soil temperature, humidity, and nutrient parameters such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, completing accurate and synchronous monitoring of the ecological indicators of the alpine pasture in different aperture observation areas.

[0043] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures, comprising a cylinder (1), characterized in that: The monitoring assembly is installed on the cylinder (1), the through hole (21) is opened on the cylinder (1), the opening and closing assembly is installed on the cylinder (1) at the through hole (21), the second driving assembly is installed on the opening and closing assembly, the fixed frame (22) is fixedly connected in the inside of the cylinder (1), the material roll (23) is rotatably connected on the fixed frame (22), one end of the iron wire body (28) is fixedly connected on the material roll (23), the protruding block (29) is fixedly connected on the other end of the iron wire body (28), the support frame (24) is fixedly connected in the inside of the fixed frame (22), the fixed rod (25) is fixedly connected on the support frame (24), the moving frame (26) is slidably connected on the fixed rod (25), the first driving assembly is installed on the support frame (24), the diamond frame (27) is fixedly connected on the moving frame (26), the buffer assembly is installed on the diamond frame (27), and the rubber ring (210) is fixedly connected on the fixed frame (22); the iron wire body (28) passes through the diamond frame (27) and the fixed frame (22) in sequence, the iron wire body (28) is arranged on the inner side of the rubber ring (210), the iron wire body (28) is arranged at the through hole (21), the first driving assembly is used for driving the material roll (23) to rotate, and the moving frame (26) and the diamond frame (27) are driven to reciprocate linearly, the monitoring assembly is used for monitoring solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the opening and closing assembly is used for inserting the protruding block (29) and the iron wire body (28) on the other group of cylinders (1) into the light pole (31) in sequence, so that the iron wire body (28) and the protruding block (29) are clamped.

2. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through hole (21) is provided with four groups, and the four groups of through holes (21) are annularly and uniformly distributed on the cylinder (1).

3. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving assembly comprises a reciprocating wire rod (211) rotatably connected to the support frame (24), a micro motor (215) fixedly connected to the support frame (24), a first transmission roller (212) fixedly connected to the reciprocating wire rod (211), a second transmission roller (213) fixedly connected to the material roll (23), and a synchronous belt (214) in transmission connection between the first transmission roller (212) and the second transmission roller (213), the reciprocating wire rod (211) is fixedly connected to the output end of the micro motor (215), the moving frame (26) is threadedly connected to the reciprocating wire rod (211), the micro motor (215) is used for driving the reciprocating wire rod (211) to rotate, and the synchronous belt (214) is used for driving the second transmission roller (213) to rotate while the reciprocating wire rod (211) rotates.

4. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer assembly comprises a light rod (31) slidingly connected to the rhombic frame (27), a support seat (32) fixedly connected to one end of the light rod (31), a limiting disc (35) fixedly connected to the other end of the light rod (31), a rotating roller (33) rotatably connected to the support seat (32), and a compression spring (34) fixedly connected between the support seat (32) and the rhombic frame (27), and the iron wire body (28) is arranged between the rotating rollers (33), and the compression spring (34) is used for providing elasticity to the support seat (32) and the rotating roller (33).

5. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support seat (32) and the rotating roller (33) are provided in four groups, and the four groups of support seats (32) and rotating rollers (33) are annularly and uniformly distributed on the rhombic frame (27), and the rotating roller (33) is arranged in a conical shape with the diameter gradually decreasing from the two ends to the middle.

6. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly comprises an opening and closing plate (41) slidingly connected to the corresponding through hole (21) of the cylinder (1) and a rubber pad (42) fixedly connected to the inner side of the opening and closing plate (41), and the second driving assembly is used for driving the two groups of light rods (31) and support seats (32) to move close to or away from each other.

7. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second driving assembly comprises a gear (45) rotatably connected to the cylinder (1), a rack (44) slidingly connected to the cylinder (1), a micro hydraulic telescopic rod (43) fixedly connected to the inside of the cylinder (1), and a support (46) fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the micro hydraulic telescopic rod (43) and the rack (44), the rack (44) is engaged with the gear (45), the support (46) is fixedly connected to the opening and closing plate (41), and the micro hydraulic telescopic rod (43) is used for driving the rack (44) on one side to drive the opening and closing plate (41) on one side to slide linearly, and then the gear (45) drives the rack (44) and the opening and closing plate (41) on the other side to slide linearly in the opposite direction.

8. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cylinder (1) is provided with a first sliding groove at the corresponding position of the opening and closing plate (41), the opening and closing plate (41) is slidingly connected to the first sliding groove of the cylinder (1), and the cylinder (1) is provided with a second sliding groove at the corresponding position of the rack (44), and the rack (44) is slidingly connected to the second sliding groove of the cylinder (1).

9. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring assembly comprises a climate sensor (51) fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder (1), a plug rod (52) fixedly connected to the bottom of the cylinder (1), a soil sensor (54) fixedly connected to the inside of the plug rod (52), and an auger (53) fixedly connected to the plug rod (52), the climate sensor (51) is used for monitoring solar radiation, air temperature and precipitation, the soil sensor (54) is used for monitoring soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the auger (53) is used for fixing the cylinder (1) on the soil.

10. The automatic variable aperture device for monitoring the climate and soil nutrients of alpine pastures according to claim 9, characterized in that: The auger (53) is arranged in a conical shape from low to high.

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