Method and device for eliminating influence of pre-stack gather coal seam, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for eliminating influence of a pre-stack gather coal seam, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring logging data of a plurality of drilling wells, and performing the following processing on the logging data of each drilling well: constructing a rock physical model based on the logging data; lithology replacement is carried out on the original logging curve based on a rock physical model, and a replacement logging curve without a coal seam is obtained; acquiring a corresponding pre-stack gather based on the original logging curve and the replacement logging curve; determining seismic facies response characteristics corresponding to the coal seam based on the pre-stack gather; determining a first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the drilling well based on the seismic facies response characteristics; determining a second frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the target area based on all the first frequency components; and based on the second frequency component, obtaining a full-band coal stack removal pre-gather. According to the method, multiple sets of longitudinal thin coal seams can be processed at the same time, the influence of the thin coal seams on sandstone seismic response characteristics is removed, and the pre-stack gathers without the coal seams are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum exploration technology, and more specifically, relates to a method, electronic device, storage medium and apparatus for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams. Background Technology

[0002] There are already mature post-stack processing methods for removing strong energy. However, these methods are no longer applicable to multiple thin coal seams that develop vertically. The reasons are: 1. Multiple thin coal seams do not produce strong reflection characteristics that are continuous laterally; 2. Multiple thin coal seams are generally developed vertically, while the strong energy removal method can only be used to process one strong continuous phase axis, which represents different geological backgrounds.

[0003] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a method, electronic device, storage medium, and apparatus for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams, enabling simultaneous processing of multiple sets of thin coal seams in the longitudinal direction, removing the influence of thin coal seams on the seismic response characteristics of sandstone, and obtaining pre-stack coal seams with the coal seams removed.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a method, electronic device, storage medium, and apparatus for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams is proposed, comprising:

[0007] Acquire logging data from multiple wells within the target area, and process the logging data from each well as follows:

[0008] A rock physics model was constructed based on the well logging data;

[0009] Based on the rock physics model, the original logging curves are replaced by lithology to obtain replacement logging curves with the coal seam removed.

[0010] Based on the original logging curves and the replacement logging curves, obtain the corresponding original pre-stack gathers and replacement pre-stack gathers;

[0011] The seismic phase response characteristics of the coal seam are determined based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers.

[0012] The original pre-stack gathers are processed, and the first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the well is determined based on the seismic phase response characteristics.

[0013] The second frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the target area is determined based on all the first frequency components;

[0014] Based on the second frequency component, each of the original pre-stack gathers is processed to obtain the full-band pre-stack gathers of the coal seam.

[0015] Optionally, the lithological replacement includes:

[0016] Replace the coal seam in the original well logging curve with sandstone.

[0017] Optionally, AVO forward modeling is performed on the original logging curve and the replacement logging curve respectively to obtain the corresponding original pre-stack trace set and replacement pre-stack trace set.

[0018] Optionally, determining the seismic phase response characteristics corresponding to the coal seam based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers includes:

[0019] AVO analysis was performed on the target layers of the original pre-stack gather and the replacement pre-stack gather, respectively;

[0020] Based on the AVO analysis, the seismic phase response characteristics corresponding to the coal seam are determined;

[0021] The target layer is a coal seam overlying a sand body.

[0022] Optionally, the seismic phase response characteristics include:

[0023] The AVO gradient increases from small to large.

[0024] Optionally, processing the original pre-stack gathers and determining the first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam within the well based on the seismic phase response characteristics specifically includes:

[0025] AVO analysis is performed on the original pre-stack gather at the target layer, and then multi-wavelet decomposition is performed on the original pre-stack gather. The changes in the AVO characteristics of the target layer by different frequency components are compared in the spectrum. When the AVO gradient of the target layer increases after removing a certain frequency component, the frequency component is the first frequency component, which represents the development of the coal seam.

[0026] Optionally, the step of processing each of the original pre-stack gathers based on the second frequency component to obtain the full-band pre-stack gathers of the coal seam specifically includes:

[0027] The second frequency component is deleted from each of the original pre-stack sets to obtain a pre-stack set with the coal seam removed.

[0028] Perform a Fourier transform on the pre-stack gathers for coal seam removal to obtain the full-band pre-stack gathers for coal seam removal.

[0029] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for eliminating the influence of pre-overlap coal seams is provided, comprising:

[0030] The acquisition module is used to acquire logging data from multiple wells within the target area;

[0031] The first processing module is used to process the logging data from each well as follows:

[0032] A rock physics model was constructed based on the well logging data;

[0033] Based on the rock physics model, the original logging curves are replaced by lithology to obtain replacement logging curves with the coal seam removed.

[0034] Based on the original logging curves and the replacement logging curves, obtain the corresponding original pre-stack gathers and replacement pre-stack gathers;

[0035] The seismic phase response characteristics of the coal seam are determined based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers.

[0036] The original pre-stack gathers are processed, and the first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the well is determined based on the seismic phase response characteristics.

[0037] The determining module is used to determine the second frequency component corresponding to the coal seam within the target area based on all the first frequency components;

[0038] The second processing module is used to process each of the original pre-stack gathers based on the second frequency component to obtain the full-band pre-stack gathers of the coal seam.

[0039] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising:

[0040] At least one processor; and,

[0041] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0042] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method for eliminating the influence of the pre-stack coal seam as described in any of the first aspects.

[0043] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams as described in any of the first aspects.

[0044] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on rock physics modeling, this invention obtains the variation law of AVO characteristics before and after coal seam removal through lithological substitution. It utilizes pre-stack wavelet decomposition technology to decompose pre-stack gathers into different frequency components. Based on the variation law of coal seam AVO characteristics, it obtains the frequency band range of thin coal seam development, and then removes it, obtaining pre-stack gathers with the coal seams removed. This invention can simultaneously process multiple sets of thin coal seams vertically, removing the influence of thin coal seams on the seismic response characteristics of sandstone, and obtaining pre-stack gathers with the coal seams removed.

[0045] The system of the present invention has other features and advantages that will be apparent from or will be set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and following detailed description, which together serve to explain the particular principles of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0046] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally denote like parts.

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams according to the present invention is shown.

[0048] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown.

[0049] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of AVO analysis of the target layer using forward modeling data of the original logging curve of well A according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of AVO analysis of the target layer from the forward modeling data of the well logging curves for removing the coal seam in Well A according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown.

[0051] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of AVO analysis of the target layer of the original pre-stack gather in Well A according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Figure 6 An AVO analysis of the target layer in the pre-stack gather for coal seam removal in Well A according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an apparatus for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for eliminating the influence of pre-overlap coal seams according to the present invention includes:

[0056] Acquire logging data from multiple wells within the target area, and process the logging data from each well as follows:

[0057] Constructing a rock physics model based on well logging data;

[0058] Based on the rock physics model, the original logging curves are replaced by lithology to obtain replacement logging curves with coal seams removed.

[0059] The original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers are obtained based on the original logging curves and the replacement logging curves.

[0060] Seismic phase response characteristics of coal seams are determined based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers.

[0061] The original pre-stack gathers are processed, and the first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the well is determined based on the seismic phase response characteristics.

[0062] The second frequency component corresponding to the coal seam within the target area is determined based on all first frequency components;

[0063] The original pre-stack gathers are processed based on the second frequency component to obtain the full-band pre-stack gathers of the coal seam.

[0064] Specifically, the basic principle of this invention is as follows: To remove the influence of coal seams in pre-stack seismic convergence, it is first necessary to understand the response characteristics of a simple thin coal seam in the pre-stack region, and secondly, to clarify the impact of the thin coal seam on the pre-stack region. In clastic reservoirs, the impedance of coal seams is generally lower than that of sandstone and mudstone, while the impedance of high-porosity sandstone is lower than that of mudstone. Therefore, seismic data at sandstone development sites (favorable reservoirs) shows a trough. When coal seams and sandstone are interbedded, the lower impedance of the coal seam enhances the energy of the sandstone trough. This necessitates removing the coal seam response from the sandstone response to obtain more accurate sandstone prediction results. Although both sandstone and coal seams show troughs in the post-stack profile, the Poisson's ratio of coal seams is generally higher than that of sandstone. In pre-stack seismic convergence, coal seams generally exhibit Type 4 AVO, while sandstone, influenced by physical properties, generally exhibits Type 2 or Type 3 AVO. This provides a theoretical basis for removing the influence of coal seams in pre-stack seismic convergence. In the pre-stack gather AVO characteristics, the gradient represents the difference in Poisson's ratio between the upper and lower strata. Generally, the Poisson's ratio of mudstone is greater than that of sandstone but less than that of coal seam. Therefore, when sand body is developed, if there is a thin coal seam in the overlying strata, the AVO of sandstone of types 2 and 3 will change to type 4 AVO, that is, the gradient decreases.

[0065] This invention first acquires logging data from multiple wells within the target area, including P-wave and S-wave velocities, density, porosity, clay content, saturation curves, and logging lithology interpretation results. The logging data for each well is then processed as follows: a rock physics model is constructed based on the logging data; existing technologies can be referenced for how to construct such a model, and this invention will not elaborate further. Based on the rock physics model, the original logging curves in the logging data undergo lithological replacement, replacing coal seams with sandstone to obtain replacement logging curves without coal seams. AVO forward modeling is performed on the original logging curves and the replacement logging curves without coal seams to obtain the corresponding original pre-stack gathers and replacement pre-stack gathers. For target layers in the gathers where sand bodies are overlyed by coal seams, AVO analysis is performed. The original logging curve forward modeling results show an AVO type of three, but the AVO gradient is small due to the influence of the coal seam. The logging curves without coal seams also show an AVO type of three, but since the coal seam has been removed, the AVO gradient is larger, fully reflecting the seismic facies response characteristics of the sandstone. Therefore, it is believed that when the original pre-stack gathers are processed into replacement pre-stack gathers, the phenomenon of the AVO gradient increasing from small to large represents the intrinsic factor of coal seam replacement, that is, the seismic phase response characteristic of coal seam removal is the AVO gradient increasing from small to large. AVO analysis is performed on the original pre-stack gathers at the target layer, and then multi-wavelet decomposition is performed on the original pre-stack gathers. The changes in the AVO characteristics of the target layer by different frequency components are compared in the spectrum. When the AVO gradient of the target layer increases from small to large after removing a certain frequency component, this frequency component is the first frequency component, representing the development of coal seam. After determining the first frequency component of each well, the frequency component that can represent most of the thin coal seams in the target area is selected from these first frequency components as the second frequency component. The second frequency component is deleted from the original pre-stack gathers of each well to obtain the pre-stack gathers with coal seams removed. However, the pre-stack gathers at this time are missing in the second frequency range. The energy of this frequency range is replenished in the frequency domain by Fourier transform, and finally the full-band pre-stack gathers with coal seams removed are obtained. This invention utilizes the pre-stack AVO characteristics of the coal seam itself and employs a wavelet decomposition method on the pre-stack gathers to screen out the main frequency bands of thin coal seam development, thereby eliminating the influence of the coal seam on the reconstruction of the pre-stack gathers. This invention can simultaneously process multiple sets of thin coal seams vertically, removing the influence of thin coal seams on the seismic response characteristics of sandstone and obtaining pre-stack gathers with the coal seams removed.

[0066] In one example, lithological substitution includes:

[0067] Replace the coal seam in the original well logging curve with sandstone.

[0068] In one example, AVO forward modeling is performed on the original logging curve and the replacement logging curve respectively to obtain the corresponding original pre-stack trace set and replacement pre-stack trace set.

[0069] In one example, determining the seismic phase response characteristics of the coal seam based on the original pre-stack gather and the replacement pre-stack gather includes:

[0070] AVO analysis was performed on the target layers of the original pre-stack gather and the replacement pre-stack gather, respectively.

[0071] Based on AVO analysis, the seismic phase response characteristics of the coal seam were determined;

[0072] The target layer is a coal seam overlying a sand body.

[0073] In one example, seismic phase response characteristics include:

[0074] The AVO gradient increases from small to large.

[0075] In one example, processing the original pre-stack gathers to determine the first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam within the well based on seismic phase response characteristics specifically includes:

[0076] AVO analysis is performed on the original pre-stack gather at the target layer. Then, multi-wavelet decomposition is performed on the original pre-stack gather. The changes in the AVO characteristics of the target layer by different frequency components are compared in the spectrum. When the AVO gradient of the target layer increases after removing a certain frequency component, the frequency component is the first frequency component, which represents the development of the coal seam.

[0077] In one example, processing each original pre-stack gather based on the second frequency component to obtain the full-band pre-stack gather for coal seam removal specifically includes:

[0078] The second frequency component of each original pre-stack set is deleted to obtain the pre-stack set with the coal seam removed.

[0079] Fourier transform is performed on the pre-stack gathers for coal seam removal to obtain the full-band pre-stack gathers for coal seam removal.

[0080] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] This embodiment provides a method for eliminating the influence of pre-overlap coal seams, including:

[0083] Well logging data from multiple wells within the target area were acquired, and the data from each well were processed as follows: a rock physics model was constructed based on the well logging data; lithological replacement was performed on the original well logging curves based on the rock physics model, replacing the coal seam in the original well logging curves with sandstone, and obtaining replacement well logging curves with the coal seam removed; AVO forward modeling was performed on the original well logging curves and the replacement well logging curves respectively to obtain the corresponding original pre-stack gathers and replacement pre-stack gathers; AVO analysis was performed on the target layers of the original pre-stack gathers and replacement pre-stack gathers respectively, and the seismic phase response characteristics corresponding to the coal seam were determined based on the AVO analysis; among them, the target layer is a sand body overlying a coal seam, and the seismic phase response characteristic is that the AVO gradient increases from small to large; AVO analysis was performed on the original pre-stack gathers at the target layer, and then multi-wavelet decomposition was performed on the original pre-stack gathers. The changes in the AVO characteristics of the target layer by different frequency components were compared in the spectrum. When a certain frequency component was removed, the AVO gradient of the target layer increased from small to large, then the frequency component was identified as the first frequency component, which represents the development of the coal seam.

[0084] The second frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the target area is determined based on all first frequency components; the second frequency component of each original pre-stack set is deleted to obtain the pre-stack set of coal seam removal; Fourier transform is performed on the pre-stack set of coal seam removal to obtain the full-band pre-stack set of coal seam removal.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams, including:

[0087] Step 1: Collect logging data from wells A, B, and C, including P-wave and S-wave velocities, density, porosity, clay content, saturation curves, and logging lithology interpretation results, and complete rock physics modeling;

[0088] Step 2: Use a rock physics model to perform lithological replacement on the logging curves of wells A, B, and C, replacing the coal seam with sandstone to obtain the logging curves of wells A, B, and C with the coal seam removed, as well as the corresponding P-wave and S-wave velocity and density curves;

[0089] Step 3: Perform AVO forward modeling on the original logging curves and the logging curves after removing the coal seam in Well A to obtain the corresponding pre-stack gathers. For target layers with coal seams overlying the sand bodies in the gathers, perform AVO analysis, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the original well logging curve forward modeling results show three AVO types, but the AVO gradient is smaller due to the influence of the coal seam. Figure 4As shown, the forward modeling results of the well logging curves after removing the coal seam also show three AVO types. However, since the coal seam has been removed, the AVO gradient increases, fully reflecting the seismic phase response characteristics of the sandstone. Therefore, it is believed that the phenomenon of the AVO gradient increasing from small to large after pre-stack gather processing represents the intrinsic factor of the coal seam being replaced.

[0090] Step 4: Perform AVO analysis on the pre-stack gather at the target layer of well A. If Figure 5 As shown, multi-wavelet decomposition is then performed on the pre-stack gather, and the changes in the AVO characteristics of the target layer by different frequency components are compared in the spectrum, such as... Figure 6 As shown, after removing the 25Hz frequency component, the gradient of the target layer AVO increases significantly. Therefore, the 25-26Hz frequency component at the target layer of well A is considered to represent the development of the coal seam. This step is repeated at the target layers of wells B and C. The 26-27Hz frequency components at the target layer of well B and the 26-28Hz frequency components at the target layer of well C are obtained, representing the development of the coal seam. Combined with the frequency component of well A, it is considered that the frequency component of most thin coal seams in this area is 26Hz. This component is then removed, resulting in a pre-stack gather with the coal seam removed. However, the pre-stack gather at this point is missing in the 26Hz frequency range. The energy in this frequency range is replenished in the frequency domain using Fourier transform, ultimately obtaining a full-band pre-stack gather with the coal seam removed.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] like Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for eliminating the influence of pre-overlap coal seams, comprising:

[0093] The acquisition module is used to acquire logging data from multiple wells within the target area;

[0094] The first processing module is used to process the logging data from each well as follows:

[0095] Constructing a rock physics model based on well logging data;

[0096] Based on the rock physics model, the original logging curves are replaced by lithology to obtain replacement logging curves with coal seams removed.

[0097] The original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers are obtained based on the original logging curves and the replacement logging curves.

[0098] Seismic phase response characteristics of coal seams are determined based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers.

[0099] The original pre-stack gathers are processed, and the first frequency component corresponding to the coal seam in the well is determined based on the seismic phase response characteristics.

[0100] The determination module is used to determine the second frequency component corresponding to the coal seam within the target area based on all first frequency components;

[0101] The second processing module is used to process each original pre-stack gather based on the second frequency component to obtain the pre-stack gather of the coal seam in the full frequency band.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, which includes:

[0104] At least one processor; and,

[0105] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0106] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method for eliminating the influence of the pre-stack coal seam in Embodiment 1.

[0107] An electronic device according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store non-transitory computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0108] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of this disclosure, the processor is used to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to achieve a good user experience, this embodiment may also include well-known structures such as communication buses and interfaces, and these well-known structures should also be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0110] For a detailed description of this embodiment, please refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0111] Example 5

[0112] This disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the method for eliminating the influence of pre-stack coal seams in Embodiment 1.

[0113] A computer-readable storage medium according to embodiments of the present disclosure stores non-transitory computer-readable instructions. When these non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods described in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure are performed.

[0114] The aforementioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or portable hard drive), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card), and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM cartridge).

[0115] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method of removing coal bed effects from prestack traces, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtain well logging data of multiple wells in a target area, and perform the following processing on the well logging data of each well: construct a rock physics model based on the well logging data; replace the original well logging curve based on the rock physics model to obtain a replaced well logging curve without coal seams; obtain corresponding original pre-stack gathers and replaced pre-stack gathers based on the original well logging curve and the replaced well logging curve; determine the seismic facies response characteristics of the coal seams based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replaced pre-stack gathers; process the original pre-stack gathers to determine the first frequency component of the coal seams in the well based on the seismic facies response characteristics; determine the second frequency component of the coal seams in the target area based on all the first frequency components; process each of the original pre-stack gathers based on the second frequency component to obtain full-band pre-stack gathers without coal seams.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The lithology replacement comprises: replace the coal seams in the original well logging curve with sandstone.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, respectively perform AVO forward on the original well logging curve and the replaced well logging curve to obtain the original pre-stack gathers and the replaced pre-stack gathers.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the seismic facies response characteristics of the coal seams based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replaced pre-stack gathers comprises: respectively perform AVO analysis on the target layer of the original pre-stack gathers and the replaced pre-stack gathers; determine the seismic facies response characteristics of the coal seams based on the AVO analysis; The target layer is a coal seam developed above a sand body.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The seismic facies response characteristics comprise: the AVO gradient changes from small to large.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The processing of the original pre-stack gathers to determine the first frequency component of the coal seams in the well based on the seismic facies response characteristics comprises: perform AVO analysis on the original pre-stack gathers at the target layer, and then perform multi-wavelet decomposition on the original pre-stack gathers, compare the changes of different frequency components on the AVO characteristics of the target layer in the frequency spectrum, when the AVO gradient of the target layer changes from small to large after removing a certain frequency component, the frequency component is the first frequency component, and the first frequency component represents the development of the coal seam.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The processing of each of the original pre-stack gathers based on the second frequency component to obtain full-band pre-stack gathers without coal seams comprises: remove the second frequency component in each of the original pre-stack gathers to obtain pre-stack gathers without coal seams; perform Fourier transform on the pre-stack gathers without coal seams to obtain full-band pre-stack gathers without coal seams.

8. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method for eliminating the influence of coal seams on pre-stack gathers according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising: The non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method for eliminating the influence of coal seams on pre-stack gathers according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. An apparatus for removing coal bed effects from prestack traces, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: an obtaining module is configured to obtain well logging data of multiple wells in a target area; The first processing module is configured to perform the following processing on the logging data of each well: constructing a rock physics model based on the logging data; performing lithology replacement on the original logging curve based on the rock physics model to obtain a replacement logging curve with coal seams removed; obtaining corresponding original pre-stack gathers and replacement pre-stack gathers based on the original logging curve and the replacement logging curve; determining a seismic facies response feature corresponding to the coal seams based on the original pre-stack gathers and the replacement pre-stack gathers; processing the original pre-stack gathers to determine a first frequency component corresponding to the coal seams in the well based on the seismic facies response feature; the determining module is configured to determine a second frequency component corresponding to the coal seams in the target area based on all the first frequency components; the second processing module is configured to process each of the original pre-stack gathers based on the second frequency component to obtain full-band coal-removed pre-stack gathers.

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