Urban rail station full life cycle carbon accounting method

Abstract

The invention discloses an urban rail station full life cycle carbon accounting method, and relates to the technical field of urban rail transit engineering low carbon. The method comprises the following steps: constructing and regularly updating a carbon emission factor library, collecting and storing full-life-cycle activity level data and time information, determining an accounting dimension according to a scene, screening an accounting cardinal number of unit time from the data, accounting carbon emission increment of each dimension of the unit time in combination with the factor library, and finally accumulating to obtain the total amount of full-life-cycle carbon emission. According to the method, complete-cycle carbon emission accurate accounting of the urban rail station is realized, data support is provided for low-carbon decision, and the efficiency and scientificity of low-carbon management of the urban rail station are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-carbon technology in urban rail transit engineering, and in particular to a method for carbon accounting of urban rail stations throughout their entire life cycle. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of the dual-carbon strategy, carbon emission accounting in the urban rail transit sector has received increasing attention. However, existing carbon emission accounting methods for urban rail stations mostly focus on the operation period, failing to adequately cover implicit carbon emissions from building material production and construction energy consumption during the construction phase. Furthermore, the accounting dimensions are relatively singular, failing to consider the professional characteristics of urban rail stations, such as seasonal HVAC conditions and passenger flow correlations of escalators and elevators, leading to significant discrepancies between the accounting results and actual carbon emission levels. At the same time, there is a lack of clear standards for data collection methods and emission factor update mechanisms, resulting in weak engineering implementation and difficulty in effectively supporting the low-carbon management needs of urban rail stations throughout their entire life cycle.

[0003] The prior art document CN114139846A discloses a carbon accounting and carbon neutrality evaluation system and evaluation method for subways, covering carbon measurement and carbon neutrality evaluation throughout the entire life cycle of subway station buildings. However, it lacks a three-dimensional accounting framework of "emission type-related profession-time", making it difficult to solve the problem of refined accounting for the differences in carbon emission characteristics of various professions in urban rail stations; it has not built a standardized factor library containing multiple types of factors and clear sources, which cannot solve the problem of lack of operability in factor management; it lacks a dynamic data quality control mechanism and accounting logic adapted to the fluctuations of urban rail operation conditions, which cannot solve the problems of data accuracy throughout the entire life cycle and dynamic matching of operation conditions; and it has not designed a full-process accounting system module, which makes it difficult to solve the problems of refined control and engineering implementation of the accounting process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this invention proposes a method for carbon accounting throughout the entire life cycle of urban rail transit stations. By constructing and regularly updating a carbon emission factor database for urban rail transit stations and collecting activity level data throughout the entire life cycle, and based on an algorithm using the bill of quantities and the carbon emission factor database, the efficiency of carbon emission accounting for urban rail transit stations is improved, supporting project implementation and low-carbon decision-making.

[0005] This invention provides a method for carbon accounting throughout the entire life cycle of urban rail transit stations, the steps of which are as follows:

[0006] S1. Construct a carbon emission factor database for urban rail stations and update it regularly;

[0007] S2. Collect and store activity level data and time dimension information for each stage of the entire life cycle of urban rail stations;

[0008] S3. Determine the carbon emission accounting dimensions based on different scenarios of urban rail stations;

[0009] S4. Based on the carbon emission accounting dimensions, statistically analyze and filter the carbon emission accounting baseline per unit time from the activity level data;

[0010] S5. Read the carbon emission factor library and, in conjunction with the carbon emission accounting base, calculate the increase in carbon emissions in each dimension per unit time.

[0011] S6. Calculate the total carbon emissions of urban rail stations throughout their entire lifecycle by combining the carbon emission increments of each dimension with time-related information.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon emission factor library includes a direct carbon emission factor library, an indirect carbon emission factor library, a latent carbon emission factor library, a carbon sink factor library, and a carbon emission reduction factor library;

[0013] The carbon emission accounting dimensions include emission type, professional field, and time dimension. Emission type is further divided into direct carbon emission, indirect carbon emission, implicit carbon emission, carbon sink, and carbon reduction. Professional field is divided into architecture, structure, HVAC, electrical engineering, low voltage engineering, platform screen doors, escalators and elevators, water supply and drainage, and landscaping. Time dimension is divided into construction period and operation period.

[0014] Furthermore, the carbon emission accounting base includes fossil fuel consumption, purchased energy consumption, material consumption, green area, and total renewable energy power generation. The incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the construction period include direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions, and implicit carbon emissions. Direct carbon emissions are calculated based on the actual fossil fuel consumption per unit time provided by the construction unit; indirect carbon emissions are calculated based on the actual electricity consumption per unit time provided by the construction unit; and implicit carbon emissions are calculated based on the building materials and installation materials provided by the design unit according to its specialties and construction schedule. The formula for calculating the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the construction period is as follows:

[0015] ;

[0016] in, This represents the actual consumption per unit time of the i-th type of fossil fuel; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel; a represents the number of different types of fossil fuels. This represents the actual consumption of the i-th type of electricity per unit time. denoted as , where b is the carbon emission factor for the i-th type of electricity; and b is the number of different types of electricity. The installation quantity of building materials of type i per unit time; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of building material; c represents the number of different types of building materials.

[0017] Furthermore, the carbon emission accounting base for the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the operation period includes direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions, implicit carbon emissions, carbon sinks, and carbon reductions. The accounting bases for direct carbon emissions, implicit carbon emissions, and carbon sinks are calculated by operators based on the corresponding fossil fuel consumption, material consumption, and recorded area changes in the operation and maintenance logs within a unit time period. The accounting base for indirect carbon emissions is calculated based on the electricity consumption automatically counted by the station's energy management system within a unit time period. Carbon reductions are calculated based on the electricity generation of the new energy power generation system within a unit time period. The formula for calculating the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the operation period is:

[0018] ;

[0019] in, This represents the actual consumption per unit time of the i-th type of fossil fuel; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel; a represents the number of different types of fossil fuels. This represents the actual consumption of the i-th type of electricity per unit time. denoted as , where b is the carbon emission factor for the i-th type of electricity; and b is the number of different types of electricity. The installation quantity of building materials of type i per unit time; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of building material; c represents the number of different types of building materials. Let be the amount of carbon sink in the i-th type of carbon sink carrier per unit time. d represents the carbon sink factor of the i-th type of carbon sink carrier; d represents the number of different types of carbon sink carriers. The amount of electricity generated by a new energy power generation system per unit time; The carbon emissions reduced by replacing thermal power with new energy power generation as a carbon emission alternative.

[0020] Furthermore, the total carbon emissions of the urban rail station throughout its entire life cycle are the sum of the increases in carbon emissions from each dimension per unit time from the start of station construction to the present moment, calculated using the following formula:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, This refers to the total carbon emissions per unit time throughout the entire project lifecycle. This represents the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the construction period; This represents the increase in carbon emissions per unit time during the operation period. The start time of station construction. This is the current time.

[0023] Furthermore, the screening of the carbon emission accounting baseline per unit time in S4 includes an outlier handling step:

[0024] Outliers were identified using box plots, and data exceeding 1.5 times the interquartile range were marked as suspicious.

[0025] For suspicious values ​​marked, verify the original ledger to confirm whether it is due to equipment failure or data entry error;

[0026] If the data is incorrect, use interpolation to correct it based on historical data from the same period; if the error is due to process fluctuations, retain the data and add annotations.

[0027] Furthermore, S6 also includes the output and verification of the results of calculating the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle, and the output includes:

[0028] Generate a full life-cycle carbon emission report, covering the emission percentage at each stage, key emission areas, and the contribution of emission reduction measures; the report must include uncertainty analysis to quantify the deviations in results caused by missing data or factor errors; support third-party verification agencies to verify the report's authenticity by reviewing original data and recalculating key formulas.

[0029] Result verification includes:

[0030] Comparative analysis: The emissions during the construction period are compared with the carbon emission estimates during the design phase. A deviation within ±10% is considered reasonable.

[0031] Cross-validation: Emissions during the operational period were also validated using the energy billing method, with the deviation between the two methods not exceeding ±8%.

[0032] Expert review: Experts in urban rail engineering and carbon emission accounting are invited to review the rationality of the accounting method and the reliability of the data sources, and form expert opinions as a supplementary basis for the validity of the results.

[0033] Furthermore, the collection of activity level data in S2 includes:

[0034] Energy consumption data such as electricity and gas are collected in real time using intelligent sensors, with a sampling frequency of no less than once per hour.

[0035] Data such as material consumption and new energy power generation are automatically synchronized with the production management system via an industrial bus.

[0036] An anomaly alarm mechanism is triggered during data collection. When a certain type of data deviates from the historical average by 3 times the standard deviation, an alarm is automatically pushed to the operation and maintenance terminal.

[0037] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a carbon accounting system for the entire life cycle of urban rail transit stations, the system comprising:

[0038] The factor library management module is used to store and manage the carbon emission factor library, and supports adding, modifying and deleting factors.

[0039] The data acquisition module is used to collect activity level data and input the collected data into the terminal through the acquisition device;

[0040] The accounting dimension configuration module is used to select accounting dimensions according to the user's scenario requirements. After configuration, dimension labels are automatically generated and associated with subsequent data filtering and calculation.

[0041] The base number screening module calculates the base number per unit time from the activity level data stored in the data collection module based on the labels generated by the accounting dimension configuration module, and calls the outlier handling algorithm to complete the data cleaning.

[0042] The emissions calculation module is used to read the emission factors from the factor library management module and the cleaned data from the baseline screening module, calculate the carbon emission increment of each dimension per unit time, and keep the calculation process log in real time.

[0043] The total emissions statistics module receives the carbon emission increments in each dimension per unit time from the emissions calculation module, calculates the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle, and displays the results.

[0044] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0045] This invention extends the carbon emission accounting boundary of urban rail stations to the entire construction and operation cycle. During the construction phase, by splitting the accounting weights according to the construction nodes of civil engineering, electromechanical engineering, and decoration, it accurately captures the implicit carbon emissions of the entire chain of building material production, transportation, and installation, solving the industry pain point that carbon emissions generated immediately after station construction are not quantified. During the operation phase, it incorporates the implicit carbon emissions of equipment replacement and the carbon emission reduction of new energy power generation, forming a complete data chain of carbon emissions from construction to operation. This provides data support for subsequent decisions to prioritize low-carbon design over operational emission reduction, and promotes the paradigm upgrade of low-carbon construction in urban rail transit from operation-end governance to full-cycle management.

[0046] By designing a three-dimensional accounting framework encompassing five emission types, nine related professional categories, and two time phases, a comprehensive and penetrating quantification of carbon emissions is achieved. In the emission type dimension, by distinguishing between direct / indirect / implicit carbon emissions, carbon sinks, and carbon reductions, the framework avoids the problem of traditional methods simply ignoring key factors such as "carbon sink deduction" and "new energy substitution." In the professional category dimension, for urban rail transit-specific systems such as HVAC and escalators, the framework clarifies the sources of their carbon emission baselines, resolving data cross-contamination issues caused by ambiguous professional boundaries. In the time dimension, through a dynamic accounting logic that accumulates increments per unit time, the framework can output carbon emission snapshots for any given period and accumulate total emissions over the entire cycle, meeting the needs of different management scenarios. This refined design keeps the deviation rate of the accounting results within ±8%, providing traceable technical evidence for third-party verification.

[0047] Through a comprehensive design encompassing data acquisition, quality control, result verification, and system support, the system ensures that the accounting methods can directly serve engineering practice. In the data acquisition phase, a dual-mode approach is employed: real-time acquisition via intelligent sensors and automatic synchronization via a processing bus. Key data such as electricity and gas are sampled at a frequency of once per hour, while data on material consumption and renewable energy generation are seamlessly integrated with the production management system, resolving the issues of low efficiency and large errors associated with traditional manual data entry. In the quality control phase, an innovative box plot method is introduced to identify outliers, combined with original ledger verification and interpolation correction, improving data cleaning efficiency by over 60%. In the result verification phase, a three-tiered verification system is constructed, comprising design prediction comparison, energy bill back-calculation, and expert review, ensuring the authority of the accounting results. The accompanying carbon accounting system further automates data, accounting, and reporting processes, significantly shortening the original accounting work cycle and substantially lowering the barrier to technology implementation.

[0048] By clarifying key technical details such as factor database update rules, base statistical subjects, and professional classification standards, this plan provides a practical foundation for formulating the "Urban Rail Station Full Life Cycle Carbon Emission Accounting Standard." Its accounting results can be directly integrated into the urban transportation carbon management big data platform, providing micro-data support for the formulation of carbon peaking roadmaps in the urban public transportation sector. In the long term, by quantifying the emission reduction contributions of measures such as the selection of low-carbon building materials and the substitution of new energy sources, the plan can guide urban rail stations to shift from passive accounting to proactive emission reduction, facilitating the precise implementation of the dual-carbon strategy in the urban transportation sector and achieving the coordinated development of green and smart urban rail transit.

[0049] In summary, through technological innovation that covers the entire lifecycle, penetrates multiple dimensions, and establishes an engineering closed loop, this invention not only solves the core problems of unclear, inaccurate, and unusable carbon emissions from urban rail stations, but also constructs a replicable and scalable industry technology paradigm, providing key technological support for the low-carbon transformation of the urban rail transit sector. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the carbon accounting method for the entire life cycle of urban rail underground stations according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a carbon emission accounting dimension diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3This diagram illustrates the method for constructing a carbon emission factor library according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for carbon accounting throughout the entire life cycle of urban rail transit stations, the steps of which are as follows:

[0056] S1. Construct a carbon emission factor database for urban rail stations and update it regularly;

[0057] The carbon emission factor database includes a direct carbon emission factor database, an indirect carbon emission factor database, a latent carbon emission factor database, a carbon sink factor database, and a carbon emission reduction factor database.

[0058] 1) The direct carbon emission factor library mainly includes carbon emission factors from fossil fuels such as natural gas and oil used in the construction and operation of urban rail stations, assuming design For each type of fossil fuel, the corresponding carbon emission factor is: (kgCO2 / m 3 The specific values ​​(kgCO2 / kg) can be found in the National Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Database (website: https: / / data.ncsc.org.cn / factoryes / index).

[0059] 2) The indirect carbon emission factor database mainly includes emission factors from energy sources such as purchased electricity, purchased heat, and purchased cooling. It is assumed that this involves... If the energy source is purchased from outside, the corresponding carbon emission factor is: (kgCO2 / kJ), the specific value is provided by the power supply (heating, cooling) company and should be updated regularly;

[0060] 3) The implicit carbon emission factor database comprises the unit quantity carbon emission factors of various prefabricated structural components, finished electromechanical equipment and pipelines (such as chillers, multi-split air conditioners, distribution cabinets, elevators, etc.), finished building materials (such as doors, windows, cabinets, tiles, etc.), semi-finished building materials (such as ceilings, insulation cotton, etc.), basic building materials (steel bars, concrete, cement, etc.), and items (materials) that consume tap water, etc., assuming that they involve For each type of item (material), the corresponding carbon emission factor is: (kgCO2 / unit, kgCO2 / m, kgCO2 / m) 2kgCO2 / kg, kgCO2 / m 3 (etc.), the specific values ​​should be provided by the supplier or determined by searching through the National Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Database (website: https: / / data.ncsc.org.cn / factoryes / index);

[0061] 4) The carbon sink factor database mainly includes carbon sink factors of green plants within the management area of ​​urban rail stations, assuming that it involves... Planting plants corresponds to a carbon emission factor of (kgCO2 / m 2 ), specific figures will be provided by the landscape design firm;

[0062] 5) The carbon emission reduction factor library mainly includes the carbon emission factors of electricity generated by new energy sources during the construction and operation of urban rail stations. (kgCO2 / kJ), the specific value should be consistent with the power grid carbon emission factor provided by the power supply company.

[0063] In summary, a database of carbon emission factors for urban rail stations can be obtained, including... Direct carbon emission factors from fossil fuels Indirect carbon emission factors from purchased energy These items (materials) contain hidden carbon emission factors, The carbon sink factors of plants and the carbon emission reduction factors of new energy power generation, depending on the specific items, can be expressed in units such as kgCO2 / kJ, kgCO2 / unit, kgCO2 / m³, or kgCO2 / m³. 2 kgCO2 / kg, kgCO2 / m 3 The carbon emission factor database for urban rail stations should cover all activities related to carbon emission increases or decreases within the construction and operation scope of urban rail stations, and the list and data should be updated regularly.

[0064] S2. Collect and store activity level data and time dimension information for each stage of the entire life cycle of urban rail stations;

[0065] The collection of activity level data includes:

[0066] Energy consumption data such as electricity and gas are collected in real time using intelligent sensors, with a sampling frequency of no less than once per hour.

[0067] Data such as material consumption and new energy power generation are automatically synchronized with the production management system via an industrial bus.

[0068] An anomaly alarm mechanism is triggered during data collection. When a certain type of data deviates from the historical average by 3 times the standard deviation, an alarm is automatically pushed to the operation and maintenance terminal.

[0069] In the data collection and storage of activity levels at urban rail stations, energy consumption data such as electricity and gas are collected hourly by an edge computing gateway using high-precision smart meters and gas flow meters, with timestamps added, and then uploaded to the backend storage server via the MQTT protocol. Data such as material consumption and renewable energy power generation are directly connected to the urban rail engineering ERP system and photovoltaic inverter monitoring system for automatic synchronization. Simultaneously, the mean and standard deviation of various data types are calculated daily based on nearly 30 days of historical data. If real-time data deviates from the historical mean by more than three times the standard deviation, an alarm is automatically pushed to the maintenance terminal, and maintenance personnel handle the issue and write the results back to the record. Data storage adopts a layered architecture of "hot storage + cold archiving." Real-time data is first stored in a MySQL database to meet daily queries, and then the previous month's data is archived to HDFS in compressed format for long-term retention each month.

[0070] S3. Determine the carbon emission accounting dimensions based on different scenarios of urban rail stations;

[0071] Carbon emission accounting includes three dimensions: emission type, industry, and time.

[0072] Among them, emission types are further divided into five categories: direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions, implicit carbon emissions, carbon sinks, and carbon emission reductions;

[0073] The majors include architecture, structure, HVAC, electrical engineering, low-voltage electrical engineering, platform screen doors, escalators and elevators, water supply and drainage, and landscaping.

[0074] The time dimension is divided into the construction period and the operation period.

[0075] Specifically, this plan first determines whether the accounting scenario is the construction phase or the operation phase based on the time dimension. Within this time dimension, a specific accounting combination is selected based on the emission type and the relevant professional dimension. According to the characteristics of different scenarios, appropriate dimensions should be selected for accounting.

[0076] 1) For the construction period, calculations should be performed based on two dimensions: emission type and the relevant professional field;

[0077] 2) For the operation period, the calculation should be carried out on a single dimension according to the emission type.

[0078] S4. Based on the carbon emission accounting dimensions, statistically analyze and filter the carbon emission accounting baseline per unit time from the activity level data;

[0079] The carbon emission accounting base includes fossil fuel consumption, purchased energy consumption, material consumption, green plant area, and total power generation from new energy sources;

[0080] Specifically, the carbon emission accounting base for urban rail transit stations mainly refers to variables that affect the total carbon emissions during the construction or operation of urban rail transit stations, including fossil fuel consumption ( (m)3 (kg)), purchased energy consumption ( (kJ)), Consumption of materials ( (a, m, m) 2 kg, m 3 etc.), green plant area ( (m) 2 )), total power generation from new energy sources ( (kJ)), the relevant data can be statistically analyzed as follows:

[0081] 1) For the construction period, the accounting base for direct and indirect carbon emissions shall be provided by the construction unit for the actual consumption of fossil fuels such as natural gas and electricity per unit time. Implicit carbon emissions shall be provided by the design unit according to the construction schedule and by the professional unit for the quantity of prefabricated structural components, finished electromechanical equipment and pipelines (such as chillers, multi-split units, distribution cabinets, elevators, etc.), finished building materials (such as doors, windows, cabinets, tiles, etc.), semi-finished building materials (such as ceilings, insulation cotton, etc.), and basic building materials (steel bars, concrete, cement, etc.). The accounting base for carbon sinks and carbon emission reduction during the construction period can be ignored.

[0082] 2) During the operation period, the accounting base for indirect carbon emissions is the electricity consumption automatically counted by the station's energy management system per unit time. Carbon emission reduction is the electricity generated by the new energy power generation system per unit time. The accounting base for direct carbon emissions, implicit carbon emissions, and carbon sinks is provided by the operators based on the changes in the corresponding items and fossil fuel consumption per unit time entered into the operation and maintenance and inspection logs.

[0083] Screening the carbon emission accounting baseline per unit time includes outlier handling steps:

[0084] Outliers were identified using box plots, and data exceeding 1.5 times the interquartile range were marked as suspicious.

[0085] For suspicious values ​​marked, verify the original ledger to confirm whether it is due to equipment failure or data entry error;

[0086] If the data is incorrect, use interpolation to correct it based on historical data from the same period; if the error is due to process fluctuations, retain the data and add annotations.

[0087] Specifically, in the process of screening outliers in the carbon emission accounting baseline within a unit time period, the activity level data to be processed within a unit time period is first collected, such as hourly electricity consumption and daily material usage. Box plot analysis is then performed on this data using data statistics tools to calculate the upper and lower quartiles of the data and determine a threshold of 1.5 times the range. The system automatically marks data exceeding this threshold as suspicious values, highlighting suspicious values ​​in red or adding a suspicious label. Subsequently, maintenance personnel retrieve the original records for the corresponding suspicious value time points, including smart sensor operation logs, manual data entry records, and equipment maintenance files, for verification. If there is equipment failure or manual data entry error during this period, and the data is confirmed to be incorrect, then the corresponding normal data from the same period in the past is selected, such as the data from the same hour last week or the same day last month. The corrected value is calculated using interpolation to replace the original suspicious value. If the suspicious value is confirmed to be caused by process fluctuations, such as a sudden increase in material consumption due to concentrated construction during the construction period or a temporary increase in power consumption due to peak passenger flow during the operation period, then the data is retained and an annotation is added to the system, indicating "Process fluctuation: Concentrated construction" or "Process fluctuation: Peak passenger flow", to ensure the accuracy of the accounting base and the traceability of the data.

[0088] S5. Read the carbon emission factor library and, in conjunction with the carbon emission accounting base, calculate the increase in carbon emissions in each dimension per unit time.

[0089] The incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the construction period includes direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions, and implicit carbon emissions. Direct carbon emissions are calculated based on the actual fossil fuel consumption per unit time provided by the construction unit. Indirect carbon emissions are calculated based on the actual electricity consumption per unit time provided by the construction unit. Implicit carbon emissions are calculated based on the materials and building materials installed by the design unit according to their respective specialties and construction schedule. The carbon sink and carbon reduction accounting base during the construction period can be ignored. The formula for calculating the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the construction period is as follows:

[0090] ;

[0091] in, This represents the actual consumption per unit time of the i-th type of fossil fuel; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel; a represents the number of different types of fossil fuels. This represents the actual consumption of the i-th type of electricity per unit time. denoted as , where b is the carbon emission factor for the i-th type of electricity; and b is the number of different types of electricity. The installation quantity of building materials of type i per unit time; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of building material; c represents the number of different types of building materials.

[0092] The carbon emission accounting base for the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the operation period includes direct carbon emissions, indirect carbon emissions, implicit carbon emissions, carbon sinks, and carbon reductions. The accounting base for direct carbon emissions, implicit carbon emissions, and carbon sinks is calculated by operations personnel based on the corresponding fossil fuel consumption, material consumption, and recorded area changes in the operation and maintenance logs within a unit time. The accounting base for indirect carbon emissions is calculated based on the electricity consumption automatically counted by the station's energy management system within a unit time. Carbon reductions are calculated based on the electricity generation of the new energy power generation system within a unit time. The formula for calculating the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the operation period is:

[0093] ;

[0094] in, This represents the actual consumption per unit time of the i-th type of fossil fuel; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel; a represents the number of different types of fossil fuels. This represents the actual consumption of the i-th type of electricity per unit time. denoted as , where b is the carbon emission factor for the i-th type of electricity; and b is the number of different types of electricity. The installation quantity of building materials of type i per unit time; denoted as the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of building material; c represents the number of different types of building materials. Let be the amount of carbon sink in the i-th type of carbon sink carrier per unit time. d represents the carbon sink factor of the i-th type of carbon sink carrier; d represents the number of different types of carbon sink carriers. The amount of electricity generated by a new energy power generation system per unit time; The carbon emissions reduced by replacing thermal power with new energy power generation as a carbon emission alternative.

[0095] Specifically, after each time period, the carbon emission increment is calculated and stored. To reduce the workload of carbon emission accounting and statistics, it is recommended that the entire construction period be considered as a carbon emission accounting cycle, and the unit time interval for carbon emission accounting during the operation period be considered as 1 day or 1 week. When storing data, store the carbon emission accounting base of the urban rail station, and at the same time, store the carbon emission increment of the urban rail station in each dimension within a unit time, so as to facilitate the formulation of different emission reduction strategies based on the carbon emission accounting data in the later stage.

[0096] This plan provides partial carbon emission data per unit quantity for a specific urban rail station, based on a real-world case study, as follows:

[0097]

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] S6. Calculate the total carbon emissions of urban rail stations throughout their entire lifecycle by combining carbon emission increments from various dimensions with time-related information.

[0101] The total carbon emissions of an urban rail station throughout its entire life cycle are the sum of the increases in carbon emissions from all dimensions per unit time from the start of station construction to the present moment. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0102] ;

[0103] in, This refers to the total carbon emissions per unit time throughout the entire project lifecycle. This represents the incremental carbon emissions per unit time during the construction period; This represents the increase in carbon emissions per unit time during the operation period. The start time of station construction. This is the current time.

[0104] Based on the carbon accounting method for the entire life cycle of urban rail transit stations provided by this invention, the carbon emission data of a certain subway station was calculated. The resulting carbon emission factor database is shown in the figure. The total carbon emissions during the construction period were 61,619 tCO2, and the carbon emission intensity per unit area during the construction period was 3.58 tCO2 / m². 2 The annual carbon emissions during the operation period are 1197 tCO2, and the annual carbon emission intensity per unit area during the operation period is 69.60 kgCO2 / m². 2 .

[0105] This step also includes the output and verification of the results of calculating the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle.

[0106] The output includes:

[0107] Generate a full life-cycle carbon emission report, covering the emission percentage at each stage, key emission areas, and the contribution of emission reduction measures; the report must include uncertainty analysis to quantify the deviations in results caused by missing data or factor errors; support third-party verification agencies to verify the report's authenticity by reviewing original data and recalculating key formulas.

[0108] Result verification includes:

[0109] Comparative analysis: The emissions during the construction period are compared with the carbon emission estimates during the design phase. A deviation within ±10% is considered reasonable.

[0110] Cross-validation: Emissions during the operational period were also validated using the energy billing method, with the deviation between the two methods not exceeding ±8%.

[0111] Expert review: Experts in urban rail engineering and carbon emission accounting are invited to review the rationality of the accounting method and the reliability of the data sources, and form expert opinions as a supplementary basis for the validity of the results.

[0112] In the output and verification of the total carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle, a systematic output and multi-level verification process is adopted. Upon output, the system automatically summarizes carbon emission data from the construction and operation phases, generating a standardized report. This report uses a data visualization module to display the emission ratios during the construction and operation phases, marks emission hotspots using heat maps, and quantifies the contribution of each emission reduction measure using tables. Uncertainty analysis in the report employs an error propagation formula to quantify the total deviation caused by missing data and factor errors, and includes explanations of the sources of deviation. Simultaneously, the system provides access to raw data query interfaces and key formula access permissions. The raw data query interface includes sensor logs and material outbound records, while key formula access permissions include formulas for calculating implicit carbon emissions during the construction phase. Third-party verification agencies can retrieve data online for recalculation, and the deviation between the recalculated results and the report must be ≤±3%.

[0113] The results verification process is carried out in three stages. In the comparative analysis stage, the carbon emission estimates from the design phase are extracted from the project management system and compared with the actual calculated values. The deviation rate is calculated, and if it is within ±10%, it is considered reasonable. In the cross-validation stage, in addition to the original calculation method, the emissions during the operation period are simultaneously calculated using the energy bill back-calculation method, i.e., the total electricity bill × regional power factor. The deviation between the two results must be ≤±8%. In the expert review stage, 3-5 experts in urban rail engineering and carbon emission accounting are invited to submit accounting method documents, data source lists, and preliminary reports. Through offline review meetings or online written reviews, experts provide opinions on aspects such as method suitability and data reliability, forming a signed review opinion as the final proof of the validity of the results.

[0114] This invention also provides a full life-cycle carbon accounting system for urban rail transit stations, comprising:

[0115] The factor library management module is used to store and manage the carbon emission factor library, and supports adding, modifying and deleting factors.

[0116] The data acquisition module is used to collect activity level data and input the collected data into the terminal through the acquisition device;

[0117] The accounting dimension configuration module is used to select accounting dimensions according to the user's scenario requirements. After configuration, dimension labels are automatically generated and associated with subsequent data filtering and calculation.

[0118] The base number screening module calculates the base number per unit time from the activity level data stored in the data collection module based on the labels generated by the accounting dimension configuration module, and calls the outlier handling algorithm to complete the data cleaning.

[0119] The emissions calculation module is used to read the emission factors from the factor library management module and the cleaned data from the baseline screening module, calculate the carbon emission increment of each dimension per unit time, and keep the calculation process log in real time.

[0120] The total emissions statistics module receives the carbon emission increments in each dimension per unit time from the emissions calculation module, calculates the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle, and displays the results.

[0121] Specifically, when implementing the full life-cycle carbon accounting system in this solution, the factor library management module stores various carbon emission factors in a database, allowing users to add, modify, and delete factors through the system interface. The data acquisition module acquires activity level data through intelligent sensors and devices that interface with the production management system, automatically inputting the data into the system terminal and storing it synchronously. The accounting dimension configuration module allows users to select accounting dimensions suitable for their scenarios on the interface. After configuration, the system automatically generates dimension labels, directly linking them to subsequent data filtering and calculation steps. The baseline filtering module uses the generated dimension labels to calculate the baseline per unit time from the activity level data stored in the system, while automatically calling outlier handling algorithms to clean the data. The emission calculation module automatically reads the emission factors in the factor library and the cleaned baseline data to calculate the carbon emission increment for each dimension per unit time, with the calculation process logs being stored in the system backend in real time. The total emission statistics module receives the carbon emission increment data for each dimension, automatically accumulates and calculates the total carbon emissions for the entire life cycle, and outputs and displays the data in the system interface through charts, reports, and other forms. Data flows between modules in real time, ensuring the efficient progress of the accounting process.

[0122] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for carbon accounting of a whole life cycle of a metro station, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a carbon emission factor library of the urban rail station and updating it regularly; S2, collecting and storing activity level data and time dimension information of each stage of the urban rail station life cycle; S3, determining the carbon emission accounting dimensions according to different scenarios of the urban rail station; S4, according to the carbon emission accounting dimensions, calculating and screening the carbon emission accounting base in unit time from the activity level data; S5, reading the carbon emission factor library, combining the carbon emission accounting base, and calculating the carbon emission increment of each dimension in unit time; S6, through the carbon emission increment of each dimension, combining the time dimension information, calculating the total carbon emission of the urban rail station life cycle.

2. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 1, wherein, The carbon emission factor library includes direct carbon emission factor library, indirect carbon emission factor library, implicit carbon emission factor library, carbon sink factor library, and carbon emission reduction factor library; The carbon emission accounting dimensions include emission type, professional, and time dimension, wherein the emission type is divided into direct carbon emission, indirect carbon emission, implicit carbon emission, carbon sink, and carbon emission reduction; the professional is divided into building, structure, heating, strong electricity, weak electricity, platform door, escalator, water supply and drainage, and landscaping; the time dimension is divided into construction period and operation period.

3. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 2, wherein, The carbon emission accounting base includes fossil fuel consumption, purchased energy consumption, material consumption, green area, and total new energy power generation; wherein the carbon emission increment in unit time during the construction period includes direct carbon emission, indirect carbon emission, and implicit carbon emission, the direct carbon emission is calculated by the actual fossil fuel consumption provided by the construction unit in unit time, the indirect carbon emission is calculated by the actual power consumption provided by the construction unit in unit time, and the implicit carbon emission is calculated by the installed materials and building materials provided by the design unit according to the professional and construction progress, and the calculation formula of the carbon emission increment in unit time during the construction period is as follows: ； wherein, is the actual consumption of the i-th type of fossil fuel per unit of time; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of fossil fuel; a is the number of fossil fuel types; is the actual consumption of the i-th type of electricity per unit of time; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of electricity; b is the number of electricity types; is the actual installation of the i-th type of material building material per unit of time; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of material building material; c is the number of material building material types.

4. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 3, wherein, The carbon emission increment in unit time during the operation period includes direct carbon emission, indirect carbon emission, implicit carbon emission, carbon sink, and carbon emission reduction, the accounting base of direct carbon emission, implicit carbon emission, and carbon sink is calculated by the corresponding fossil fuel consumption, material, and recorded area change data in unit time according to the operation and inspection account book, the accounting base of indirect carbon emission is calculated by the power consumption in unit time automatically counted by the station energy management system, the carbon emission reduction is calculated by the power generation in unit time of the new energy power generation system, and the calculation formula of the carbon emission increment in unit time during the operation period is as follows: ； wherein, is the actual consumption of the i-th fossil fuel per unit of time; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th fossil fuel; a is the number of fossil fuel types; is the actual consumption of the i-th type of electricity per unit of time; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of electricity; b is the number of electricity types; is the installation amount of the i-th type of material building material per unit of time; is the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of material building material; c is the number of material building material types; is the carbon sink amount of the i-th type of carbon sink carrier per unit of time; is the carbon sink factor of the i-th type of carbon sink carrier; d is the number of carbon sink carrier types; is the power generation amount of the new energy power generation system per unit of time; is the alternative carbon emission factor of the new energy power generation, which is the carbon emission amount reduced by replacing the thermal power.

5. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 4, wherein, The total carbon emission of the urban rail station life cycle is the sum of the carbon emission increments of each dimension of the urban rail station in unit time from the beginning of the station construction to the current time, and the calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein, is the total amount of carbon emissions per unit of time for the entire project life cycle; is the incremental amount of carbon emissions per unit of time during the construction phase; is the incremental amount of carbon emissions per unit of time during the operation phase; is the start time of the station construction, is the current time.

6. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 1, wherein, The screening of the carbon emission accounting base in unit time in S4 includes the following steps of abnormal value processing: Abnormal values are identified by box plot method, and data beyond the range of 1.5 times of upper and lower quartile distance are marked as suspicious values; For the marked suspicious values, whether they are caused by equipment failure or input error is confirmed by checking the original account book; If it is a data error, the interpolation method is used to correct it based on the historical data of the same period, and if it is caused by process fluctuation, the data is kept and a note is added.

7. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 1, wherein, The S6 further comprises result output and verification of accounting for total life cycle carbon emission, the result output comprising: generating a life cycle carbon emission report, the content covering the proportion of emissions in each stage, emission hotspot professions, and the contribution of emission reduction measures; the report needs to include uncertainty analysis to quantify the result deviation caused by data loss or factor error; and supporting third-party verification agencies to verify the authenticity of the report by checking the original data and recalculating the key formula; the result verification comprising: comparative analysis: comparing the construction period emissions with the carbon emission estimation in the design stage, and the deviation within ±10% is considered reasonable; cross-validation: the operation period emissions are verified by the energy bill backtracking method, and the deviation between the two methods is not more than ±8%; expert review: inviting experts in the fields of urban rail engineering and carbon emission accounting to review the rationality of the accounting method and the reliability of the data source, and forming expert opinions as supplementary evidence for the effectiveness of the results.

8. The metro station life cycle carbon accounting method of claim 1, wherein, The collection of activity level data in the S2 comprises: real-time collection of energy consumption data such as electricity and gas by intelligent sensors, with a sampling frequency of not less than 1 time / hour; synchronization of data such as material consumption and new energy generation through industrial bus and production management system; an abnormal alarm mechanism is triggered during data collection, and when a certain type of data deviates from the historical mean value by 3 times the standard deviation, an alarm is automatically pushed to the operation and maintenance terminal.

9. A metro station life cycle carbon accounting system, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the method of any one of claims 1-8, and the system comprises: a factor library management module for storing and managing the carbon emission factor library, and supporting the addition, modification, and deletion of factors; a data collection module for collecting activity level data and entering the collected data into the terminal through a collection device; an accounting dimension configuration module for selecting accounting dimensions according to the scene requirements of users, and automatically generating dimension labels after configuration, and associating subsequent data filtering and calculation; a base number screening module for calculating the accounting base number per unit time from the activity level data stored in the data collection module according to the labels generated by the accounting dimension configuration module, and calling an outlier processing algorithm to complete data cleaning; an emission amount calculation module for reading the emission factors of the factor library management module and the cleaned data of the base number screening module, calculating the carbon emission increment per unit time in each dimension, and storing the calculation process log in real time; a total amount statistical module for receiving the carbon emission increment per unit time in each dimension output by the emission amount calculation module, calculating the total life cycle carbon emission, and outputting and displaying the result.

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