An outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch

Abstract

This invention relates to an outdoor high-voltage disconnecting switch, specifically within the technical field of outdoor high-voltage disconnecting switches. The switch includes a disconnecting switch body, an electric operating mechanism, and a transmission mechanism connecting the disconnecting switch body and the electric operating mechanism. The disconnecting switch body has a transmission shaft, and the transmission mechanism has an output shaft. The output shaft and the transmission shaft are connected via mating tapered splines. The transmission mechanism also includes a spring preload module, which applies an axial preload to the output shaft to press the tapered surfaces of the splines together. The transmission mechanism further includes a preload indicator, which is linked to the spring preload module to indicate the magnitude of the axial preload. This invention, through the tapered spline connection, the application of axial preload by the spring preload module, and the indication of the preload magnitude by the preload indicator, solves the micro-motion problem caused by insufficient preload, ensuring the disconnecting switch can be properly opened and closed, and improving operational safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch technology, and in particular to an outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch. Background Technology

[0002] Outdoor high-voltage disconnect switches are high-voltage switchgear installed outdoors. Their core feature is a visible mechanical disconnect point. They are mainly used for the isolation and switching of high-voltage circuits. They cannot directly cut off the load current. Their main function is to isolate the power supply, disconnect the circuit when maintaining high-voltage equipment, and demarcate energized and de-energized areas through the obvious disconnect point, ensuring the personal safety of maintenance personnel. They can also be used for switching operations, in conjunction with circuit breakers, to adjust the power grid operation mode, enabling the commissioning or decommissioning of lines, transformers, and other equipment, as well as for auxiliary grounding. Some models are equipped with grounding switches, which can ground equipment or lines after a power outage to further prevent the risk of residual charge or induced electricity.

[0003] Currently, Chinese invention patent application CN119601410A, published on March 11, 2025, discloses a disconnecting switch, including a disconnecting switch body and an electric operating mechanism. The disconnecting switch body includes a bracket and a first rotating shaft for driving the disconnecting switch body to open and close. The first rotating shaft rotatably passes through opposite sides of the bracket. The electric operating mechanism includes a housing and an electric drive module. The housing is mounted on one side of the bracket, and the electric drive module is installed inside the housing. The electric drive module includes a drive component and a transmission shaft. The first end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output end of the drive component, and the second end rotatably and sealed through the housing and detachably connected to the corresponding first rotating shaft. The drive component drives the first rotating shaft to rotate by driving the transmission shaft. This disconnecting switch uses an integrated electric operating mechanism, which enables remote control, facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the electric operating mechanism, and allows for outdoor use.

[0004] In related technologies, disconnect switches in outdoor power systems exhibit good synchronization and position detection accuracy during initial operation. However, during on-site maintenance, due to operator inexperience—for example, failing to strictly adhere to standard torque when tightening bolts on the locking mechanism—insufficient bolt preload occurs. This insufficient preload prevents the axial preload at the module-body connection surface from reaching the factory design value, resulting in a slight increase in connection gap. This minute gap change is imperceptible to the naked eye and, because it does not reach the system's set installation error warning threshold, no installation error warning is triggered. During subsequent operation, when the disconnect switch performs opening and closing operations, especially at the moment the drive unit outputs high torque, the insufficient connection preload causes a minute, instantaneous relative slippage—a "micro-motion"—between the toothed surface of the drive shaft spline and the inner wall of the groove on the first rotating shaft of the body. This micro-motion causes the instantaneous angular velocity difference Δω detected by the two position sensors to momentarily exceed the system's preset ω threshold within a very short time. However, because this micro-movement occurs instantaneously, its duration is usually very short, failing to reach the system's set duration threshold t. Therefore, based on sensor data, the main control system judges this instantaneous angular velocity difference Δω as a "transient disturbance" rather than "continuous asynchrony," thus failing to trigger compensation or issue a maintenance alarm. This recurring instantaneous micro-movement occurs every time the disconnector is opened or closed, becoming a routine "hidden" problem. Finally, during an emergency opening operation, due to the cumulative increase in the connection gap, significant free spin occurred between the drive shaft spline and the groove of the first rotating shaft of the body after the drive component output torque. This free spin caused the drive component to rotate a certain angle, but the first rotating shaft of the disconnector body failed to rotate synchronously or rotated insufficiently, thus preventing the disconnector contacts from fully opening. At this point, the duration of the angular velocity difference Δω detected by the two position sensors finally exceeded the system's set threshold t. The system immediately issued a serious alarm for "opening not complete" and prohibited subsequent operations. However, at this point, the disconnecting switch is already in a dangerous semi-open state. For example, there may be an electric arc between the contacts, or the circuit may not be completely disconnected, posing a serious threat to the safety of the power grid. In this situation, although the system eventually issues an alarm, the optimal intervention time has been missed, exposing a diagnostic blind spot for the "instantaneous micro-motion cumulative effect".

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the problem that when the preload of an existing outdoor high-voltage disconnecting switch is insufficient, micro-movement occurs between the spline of the drive shaft and the first rotating shaft of the main body, resulting in the disconnecting switch contacts failing to fully open and thus threatening the safety of the power grid.

[0007] The present invention provides an outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch, which includes a disconnect switch body, an electric operating mechanism, and a transmission mechanism for connecting the disconnect switch body and the electric operating mechanism; the disconnect switch body has a transmission shaft, and the transmission mechanism has an output shaft.

[0008] The output shaft and the transmission shaft are connected by a matching tapered spline;

[0009] The transmission mechanism is also equipped with a spring preload module, which is used to apply axial preload force to the output shaft so that the tapered surfaces of the tapered spline press against each other.

[0010] The transmission mechanism is also equipped with a preload indicator, which is linked to the spring preload module to indicate the magnitude of the axial preload.

[0011] The technical solutions described above in this application embodiment have at least the following technical effects: they can effectively solve the micro-motion problem caused by insufficient connection preload by applying axial preload through tapered spline connection, spring preload module and preload indicator, and ensure that the disconnecting switch is in place and improve operational safety.

[0012] In this embodiment, the disconnect switch body is provided with a first connecting flange, the transmission mechanism is provided with a transmission housing, and the transmission housing is provided with a second connecting flange that mates with the first connecting flange; the first connecting flange is provided with a guide shaft, and the second connecting flange is provided with a guide hole that mates with the guide shaft.

[0013] This technical solution ensures precise alignment and connection between the disconnector switch body and the transmission mechanism through the cooperation of the guide shaft and guide hole, further improving installation accuracy and connection stability.

[0014] In this embodiment, the spring preload module includes a manual adjustment component and a spring component; a shaft abutment plate is fixed on the output shaft, the manual adjustment component has a threaded post abutment plate, and the spring component is disposed between the shaft abutment plate and the threaded post abutment plate. The manual adjustment component is used to adjust the position of the threaded post abutment plate to compress the spring component.

[0015] This technical solution allows for precise control of the axial preload by adjusting the compression of the spring component via a manual adjustment mechanism, thus achieving adjustable preload.

[0016] In this embodiment, the manual adjustment component further includes a connecting frame, an adjustment knob, a drive stud, and a locking nut; the drive stud is threadedly connected to the connecting frame, the adjustment knob is connected to one end of the drive stud, the other end of the drive stud abuts against the threaded stud abutment plate, and the locking nut is used to lock the drive stud onto the connecting frame.

[0017] This technical solution allows for precise adjustment of the preload by adjusting the knob and the drive stud, and the locking nut ensures that the adjusted preload is stable and reliable, preventing loosening.

[0018] In this embodiment, the spring element includes a guide housing and a preload spring disposed within the guide housing; the output shaft passes through the guide housing, and the transmission mechanism further includes a ball bearing disposed within the transmission housing for radial support of the guide housing.

[0019] This technical solution provides stable radial support for the output shaft and spring components through the guide housing and ball bearings, reducing friction and wear, and improving transmission efficiency and service life.

[0020] In this embodiment, the preload indicator includes a spring abutment plate and an indicator pin disposed between the threaded post abutment plate and the spring abutment plate; the threaded post abutment plate is provided with a guide post, and the spring abutment plate is provided with a mating hole that mates with the guide post.

[0021] This technical solution enables intuitive indication of the preload status through the cooperation of the indicator pin and guide column, facilitating operators to monitor in real time whether the preload is within the design range.

[0022] In this embodiment, a first indicator block is provided on the threaded column abutment plate, and a second indicator block is provided on the spring abutment plate; a viewing window is provided on the transmission housing, and a guide groove is provided on the guide housing of the spring component; the first indicator block and the second indicator block are observed through the guide groove and the viewing window.

[0023] This technical solution provides a clear indication of preload through the combination of a viewing window and an indicator block, allowing operators to observe the preload status without disassembly, thus improving maintenance efficiency.

[0024] In this embodiment, the indicator pin includes a fixed ball, an indicator post fixedly connected to the fixed ball, and a spring piece sleeved on the indicator post; the manual adjustment member has a transmission hole on the transmission stud for the indicator post to pass through.

[0025] This technical solution ensures the accuracy and stability of preload indication through the special structure of the indicator pin, while also facilitating the installation and removal of the indicator pin.

[0026] In this embodiment, the transmission shaft is provided with an inner tapered spline, and the output shaft is provided with an outer tapered spline that mates with the inner tapered spline.

[0027] This technical solution enables a high-strength, high-precision connection between the transmission shaft and the output shaft through the combination of internal and external tapered splines, effectively transmitting torque.

[0028] In this embodiment, the inner tapered spline is fixed to the transmission shaft by a first mounting nut; the outer tapered spline is fixed to the output shaft by a second mounting nut.

[0029] This technical solution allows the tapered spline to be securely fixed to the shaft by installing a nut, ensuring the reliability and stability of the connection and preventing loosening.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] This invention provides an outdoor high-voltage disconnecting switch. By employing a tapered spline connection, a spring preload module applying axial preload, and a preload indicator to show the magnitude of the preload, it effectively solves the problem of "instantaneous fretting accumulation effect" caused by insufficient connection preload in existing technologies. In existing technologies, insufficient operator experience or failure to operate at standard torque leads to insufficient preload on the connecting bolts, increasing the gap between the disconnecting switch body and the electric operating mechanism. This causes minute, instantaneous relative sliding, or "fretting," between the drive shaft spline and the first rotating shaft of the body during opening and closing operations. Although this fretting is instantaneous, its long-term accumulation leads to a further increase in the connection gap, eventually causing freewheeling during emergency operations. This prevents the disconnecting switch contacts from fully opening, creating a serious safety hazard.

[0032] The present invention solves the above problems in the following ways:

[0033] First, a tapered spline is used to connect the drive shaft and the output shaft. The self-locking characteristic and high contact area of ​​the tapered spline can provide stronger torque transmission capability and higher connection rigidity, fundamentally reducing the connection gap.

[0034] Secondly, a spring preload module is installed. This module applies a continuous and stable axial preload to the output shaft, ensuring that the tapered spline surface remains tightly pressed. This active preload compensation mechanism effectively counteracts potential loosening caused by vibration, temperature changes, and other factors, ensuring that the connection preload is always at the design value.

[0035] Finally, a preload indicator is installed, which is linked to the spring preload module to visually indicate the magnitude of the axial preload. This allows operators to accurately determine whether the preload meets requirements during installation and routine maintenance, avoiding insufficient preload due to lack of experience or improper operation. When the preload indicator shows insufficient preload, operators can make timely adjustments, intervening before problems occur and avoiding the diagnostic blind spot of the "instantaneous fretting cumulative effect" in existing technologies.

[0036] In summary, this invention comprehensively improves the reliability and safety of outdoor high-voltage disconnector connections from both structural design and operation and maintenance perspectives through the high-strength connection of the tapered spline, the active pre-tightening of the spring pre-tightening module, and the real-time monitoring of the pre-tightening force indicator. It effectively avoids serious faults such as micro-movement and incomplete tripping caused by insufficient connection pre-tightening force, and significantly improves the operational stability of the equipment and the safety of the power grid. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an outdoor high-voltage disconnector provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch without a transmission mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission mechanism and the electric operating mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 5 A cross-sectional structural diagram of the transmission mechanism and the electric operating mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission mechanism provided in the embodiment of this application, with the transmission housing removed;

[0044] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of the transmission mechanism provided in the embodiment of this application, with the transmission housing removed;

[0045] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view at point B in the middle;

[0046] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Enlarged view at point C;

[0047] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the indicator pin provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0049] 1. The disconnector switch body;

[0050] 11. Bracket; 12. Extension column; 13. Abutment column; 14. Drive shaft; 141. First mounting nut; 142. Internal tapered spline; 15. First connecting flange; 151. Guide shaft; 152. First mounting hole;

[0051] 2. Transmission mechanism;

[0052] 21. Transmission housing; 211. Viewing window; 212. Guide ring; 213. Second connecting flange; 2131. Guide hole; 2132. Second mounting hole; 22. Output shaft; 221. Second mounting nut; 222. External tapered spline; 223. Shaft abutment plate; 23. Ball bearing;

[0053] 24. Spring preload module; 241. Manual adjustment component; 2411. Adjustment knob; 2412. Transmission stud; 2413. Locking nut; 2414. Connecting bracket; 2415. Threaded post abutment plate; 2416. Guide post; 2417. Transmission hole; 2418. First indicator block; 242. Spring component; 2421. Guide housing; 2422. Guide groove; 2423. Threaded transmission plate; 2424. Preload spring;

[0054] 25. Preload indicator; 251. Spring abutment plate; 2511. Mating hole; 2512. Second indicator block; 252. Indicator pin; 2521. Spring piece; 2522. Indicator post; 2523. Fixing ball;

[0055] 3. Electric operating mechanism;

[0056] 31. Electric operating housing; 32. Electric drive component; 33. Output shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0059] In existing disconnecting switches used in outdoor power systems, the electric operating mechanism exhibits good synchronization and position detection accuracy during initial operation. However, during on-site maintenance, due to insufficient operator experience—for example, failing to strictly adhere to the standard torque when tightening the bolts of the locking mechanism—the bolt preload is insufficient. This insufficient preload causes the axial preload at the connection surface between the module and the main body to fall short of the factory design value, resulting in a slight increase in the connection gap. This minute gap change is imperceptible to the naked eye and, because it does not reach the system's set installation error warning threshold, no installation error warning is triggered. During subsequent operation, when the disconnecting switch performs opening and closing operations, especially at the moment when the drive unit outputs high torque, the insufficient connection preload causes a minute, instantaneous relative slippage—a "micro-motion"—between the toothed surface of the drive shaft spline and the inner wall of the groove of the first rotating shaft of the main body. This micro-motion phenomenon causes the instantaneous angular velocity difference Δω detected by the two position sensors to momentarily exceed the system's preset ω threshold within a very short time. However, because this micro-movement occurs instantaneously, its duration is usually very short, failing to reach the system's set duration threshold t. Therefore, based on sensor data, the main control system judges this instantaneous angular velocity difference Δω as a "transient disturbance" rather than "continuous asynchrony," thus failing to trigger compensation or issue a maintenance alarm. This recurring instantaneous micro-movement occurs every time the disconnector is opened or closed, becoming a routine "hidden" problem. Finally, during an emergency opening operation, due to the cumulative increase in the connection gap, significant free spin occurred between the drive shaft spline and the groove of the first rotating shaft of the body after the drive component output torque. This free spin caused the drive component to rotate a certain angle, but the first rotating shaft of the disconnector body failed to rotate synchronously or rotated insufficiently, thus preventing the disconnector contacts from fully opening. At this point, the duration of the angular velocity difference Δω detected by the two position sensors finally exceeded the system's set threshold t. The system immediately issued a serious alarm for "opening not complete" and prohibited subsequent operations. However, at this point, the disconnecting switch is already in a dangerous semi-open state. For example, there may be an electric arc between the contacts, or the circuit may not be completely disconnected, posing a serious threat to the safety of the power grid. In this situation, although the system eventually issues an alarm, the optimal intervention time has been missed, exposing a diagnostic blind spot for the "instantaneous micro-motion cumulative effect".

[0060] Based on this, the present application provides the following solution to the problem that when the connection preload of an existing outdoor high-voltage disconnecting switch is insufficient, micro-movement occurs between the drive shaft spline and the first rotating shaft of the main body, resulting in the disconnecting switch contacts failing to fully open and thus threatening the safety of the power grid.

[0061] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 10 This application provides an outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch, which includes a disconnect switch body 1, an electric operating mechanism 3, and a transmission mechanism 2 for connecting the disconnect switch body 1 and the electric operating mechanism 3; the disconnect switch body 1 has a transmission shaft 14, and the transmission mechanism 2 has an output shaft 22.

[0062] The output shaft 22 and the transmission shaft 14 are connected by a matching tapered spline;

[0063] The transmission mechanism 2 is also provided with a spring preload module 24, which is used to apply axial preload force to the output shaft 22 so that the tapered spline surfaces press against each other.

[0064] The transmission mechanism 2 is also provided with a preload indicator 25, which is linked with the spring preload module 24 to indicate the magnitude of the axial preload.

[0065] This configuration, firstly, effectively converts the axial preload into radial clamping force through a tapered spline connection, resulting in a tighter and more stable connection between the output shaft 22 of the transmission mechanism 2 and the transmission shaft 14 of the disconnector body 1. This self-locking effect effectively resists impact torque and vibration, fundamentally reducing the relative slippage between the spline teeth. Compared to traditional straight-tooth spline connections, the tapered spline maintains better contact under high torque, avoiding the risk of "free-spinning" due to increased connection clearance. Secondly, the introduction of the spring preload module 24 provides a continuous and stable axial preload for the tapered spline connection. This preload not only ensures a tight connection during initial installation, but also effectively compensates for gap changes caused by material wear or thermal expansion and contraction during long-term operation of the disconnector, maintaining a constant conical surface compression state. Furthermore, the design of the preload indicator 25 greatly improves the maintainability and safety of the disconnector. By intuitively indicating the magnitude of the axial preload, maintenance personnel can quickly determine whether the preload meets the standard without the need for professional tools. This effectively avoids the problem in existing technologies where insufficient preload is difficult to detect visually and fails to trigger an alarm because the system's set threshold is not reached.

[0066] In this embodiment, the disconnect switch body 1 is provided with a first connecting flange 15, the transmission mechanism 2 is provided with a transmission housing 21, and the transmission housing 21 is provided with a second connecting flange 213 that is connected to the first connecting flange 15; the first connecting flange 15 is provided with a guide shaft 151, and the second connecting flange 213 is provided with a guide hole 2131 that is connected to the guide shaft 151.

[0067] This design addresses the high precision requirements for the connection between the disconnector body 1 and the transmission mechanism 2. If there is a misalignment during installation, it may lead to incomplete fit of the tapered spline, affecting the uniform distribution of preload and transmission efficiency, and potentially causing loosening or wear during long-term operation. By providing a guide shaft 151 on the first connecting flange 15 of the disconnector body 1 and a guide hole 2131 mates with the guide shaft 151 on the second connecting flange 213 of the transmission mechanism 2, the guide shaft 151 automatically inserts into the guide hole 2131 during connection, effectively solving the misalignment problem that may occur during traditional installation. Specifically, when the operator moves the transmission mechanism 2 closer to the disconnector body 1, even with a slight initial positional deviation, the guide shaft 151, through its own geometry, guides and corrects the second connecting flange 213 as it enters the guide hole 2131, thus achieving precise alignment between the two flanges. This ensures proper meshing of the tapered splines during connection, avoiding problems such as uneven preload or reduced transmission efficiency caused by misalignment.

[0068] In this embodiment, the spring preload module 24 includes a manual adjustment component 241 and a spring component 242; a shaft abutment plate 223 is fixed on the output shaft 22, the manual adjustment component 241 has a threaded post abutment plate 2415, and the spring component 242 is disposed between the shaft abutment plate 223 and the threaded post abutment plate 2415. The manual adjustment component 241 is used to adjust the position of the threaded post abutment plate 2415 to compress the spring component 242.

[0069] In this configuration, the manual adjustment component 241 is a part used for manual operation to adjust the compression degree of the spring component 242, which achieves compression of the spring component 242 by changing the position of the threaded post abutment plate 2415. The spring component 242 is a component capable of elastic deformation and storing energy under external force, generating preload when compressed. The shaft abutment plate 223 is a plate-like structure fixed to the output shaft 22, serving as the abutment surface of one end of the spring component 242. The threaded post abutment plate 2415 is part of the manual adjustment component 241, serving as the abutment surface of the other end of the spring component 242, and its position can be adjusted via the manual adjustment component 241.

[0070] In this embodiment, the manual adjustment component 241 further includes a connecting frame 2414, an adjustment knob 2411, a drive stud 2412, and a locking nut 2413; the drive stud 2412 is threadedly connected to the connecting frame 2414, the adjustment knob 2411 is connected to one end of the drive stud 2412, the other end of the drive stud 2412 abuts against the threaded stud abutment plate 2415, and the locking nut 2413 is used to lock the drive stud 2412 onto the connecting frame 2414.

[0071] This configuration facilitates the adjustment and fixation of the preload of the spring element 242. The adjusting knob 2411 drives the drive stud 2412 to rotate. Since the drive stud 2412 is threadedly connected to the connecting bracket 2414, it can undergo axial displacement on the connecting bracket 2414, thereby adjusting the distance between the drive stud 2412 and the threaded post abutment plate 2415, and thus compressing the spring element 242. The locking nut 2413 is used to lock the drive stud 2412 to prevent it from loosening and to ensure the magnitude of the preload. The preload of the spring element 242 can be easily adjusted, and the locking nut 2413 can be used to lock the drive stud 2412, thereby ensuring the stability of the preload.

[0072] In this embodiment, the spring member 242 includes a guide housing 2421 and a preload spring 2424 disposed in the guide housing 2421; the output shaft 22 passes through the guide housing 2421; and the transmission mechanism 2 further includes a ball bearing 23 disposed in the transmission housing 21 and used to provide radial support to the guide housing 2421.

[0073] In this configuration, the guide housing 2421 guides the compression direction of the preload spring 2424, ensuring that the preload spring 2424 can stably and reliably provide preload force. The preload spring 2424 is the main component providing axial preload force, and its performance directly affects the reliability of the tapered spline connection. The ball bearing 23 reduces friction in the guide housing 2421 during movement, improves the response speed and sensitivity of the spring preload module 24, and simultaneously provides radial support force for the entire transmission mechanism 2.

[0074] In this embodiment, the preload indicator 25 includes a spring abutment plate 251 and an indicator pin 252 disposed between the threaded post abutment plate 2415 and the spring abutment plate 251; the threaded post abutment plate 2415 is provided with a guide post 2416, and the spring abutment plate 251 is provided with a mating hole 2511 that mates with the guide post 2416.

[0075] In this configuration, the guide post 2416 guides the movement of the spring abutment plate 251, and the fitting hole 2511 facilitates the insertion of the guide post 2416, thus ensuring the direction of movement of the spring abutment plate 251. The indicator pin 252 indicates the relative position between the threaded post abutment plate 2415 and the spring abutment plate 251. This relative position is related to the compression of the spring member 242, thus reflecting the magnitude of the preload. When the manual adjustment member 241 adjusts the position of the threaded post abutment plate 2415, the threaded post abutment plate 2415 pushes the indicator pin 252 to move, and the other end of the indicator pin 252 pushes the spring abutment plate 251 to move. By observing the position of the indicator pin 252, the magnitude of the preload can be determined.

[0076] In this embodiment, a first indicator block 2418 is provided on the threaded column abutment plate 2415, and a second indicator block 2512 is provided on the spring abutment plate 251; a viewing window 211 is provided on the transmission housing 21, and a guide groove 2422 is provided on the guide housing 2421 of the spring member 242. The first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512 are observed through the guide groove 2422 and the viewing window 211.

[0077] In this configuration, the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512 are markers used to indicate the magnitude of the axial preload. These can be color blocks, scale lines, or pointers, etc. A guide groove 2422 is provided on the guide housing 2421 to guide the movement of the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512, ensuring that they remain within the visible range of the viewing window 211. The viewing window 211 can be made of transparent glass or plastic to facilitate observation of the positional relationship between the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512. By setting the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512 on the threaded column abutment plate 2415 and the spring abutment plate 251 respectively, and in conjunction with the guide groove 2422 and the viewing window 211, the user can directly observe the relative position of the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512, thereby determining the magnitude of the axial preload. When the axial preload changes, the relative positions of the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512 will also change. Users can visually observe this change through the viewing window 211 and adjust the manual adjustment piece 241 in time to ensure the reliability of the tapered spline connection.

[0078] In this embodiment, the indicator pin 252 includes a fixed ball 2523, an indicator post 2522 fixedly connected to the fixed ball 2523, and a spring piece 2521 sleeved on the indicator post 2522; the manual adjustment member 241 has a transmission hole 2417 on the transmission stud 2412 for the indicator post 2522 to pass through.

[0079] With this configuration, when the preload of the preload spring 2424 is within the specified range, the force of the preload spring 2424 against the spring abutment plate 251 is greater than the elastic force of the ball against the spring piece 2521, causing the ball to drive the indicator pin 2522 to move backward in the transmission hole 2417. At this time, the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512 merge together. When the preload of the preload spring 2424 is not within the specified range, the force of the preload spring 2424 against the spring abutment plate 251 is less than the elastic force of the ball against the spring piece 2521, causing the ball to not move the indicator pin 2522. At this time, the distance between the first indicator block 2418 and the second indicator block 2512 is the size of the ball. During the next installation, when the indicator pin 252 needs to be reset, the ball is driven inward by the indicator pin 2522 to pass through the spring piece 2521, thus resetting the pin and allowing for a more intuitive reading of the preload force.

[0080] In this embodiment, the transmission shaft 14 is provided with an inner tapered spline 142, and the output shaft 22 is provided with an outer tapered spline 222 that cooperates with the inner tapered spline 142.

[0081] With this configuration, an inner tapered spline 142 is provided on the transmission shaft 14, and an outer tapered spline 222 that mates with the inner tapered spline 142 is provided on the output shaft 22, so that a tapered surface fit is formed between the transmission shaft 14 and the output shaft 22. The tapered spline structure can provide a larger contact area and friction, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the connection and ensuring the power transmission efficiency and reliability between the disconnecting switch body 1 and the electric operating mechanism 3.

[0082] In this embodiment, the inner tapered spline 142 is fixed to the transmission shaft 14 by the first mounting nut 141; the outer tapered spline 222 is fixed to the output shaft 22 by the second mounting nut 221.

[0083] This configuration, using the first mounting nut 141 and the second mounting nut 221 to fix the inner tapered spline 142 and the outer tapered spline 222 respectively, effectively prevents the tapered spline connection from loosening and ensures a reliable connection between the disconnecting switch body 1 and the transmission mechanism 2. Specifically, the first mounting nut 141 applies an axial force to tightly fix the inner tapered spline 142 onto the transmission shaft 14, preventing it from loosening or shifting during use. Similarly, the second mounting nut 221 applies an axial force to tightly fix the outer tapered spline 222 onto the output shaft 22, ensuring a stable and reliable connection between them.

[0084] The working principle of an outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch provided in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0085] An outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch includes a transmission shaft 14 connected to the disconnect switch body 1, which is connected to the output shaft 33 of the electric drive component 32 in the electric operating mechanism 3 via a transmission mechanism 2. The transmission mechanism 2 includes a spring preload module 24, which preloads the output shaft 22 connected to the transmission shaft 14 with a preload spring 2424, reducing the problem of slightly increased connection gap due to insufficient preload. It also includes a preload indicator 25, in which an indicator pin 252 is added to the spring preload module 24 to determine whether the preload is up to standard. At the same time, the axial preload provides a continuous axial force to solve the problem of axial displacement caused by thermal expansion and contraction or wear, so that the relative displacement between the spline and the bearing is elastically absorbed during thermal expansion and contraction caused by periodic changes in ambient temperature, thereby avoiding free sliding or impact.

[0086] During the use of the outdoor high-voltage disconnect switch, the extension column 12 and the abutment column 13 on the disconnect switch body 1 form a triangular abutment to support the transmission mechanism 2 and the electric operating mechanism 3. At the same time, during the assembly process, the first mounting hole 152 in the first connecting flange 15 on the bracket 11 is connected to the second mounting hole 2132 in the second connecting flange 213 on the transmission housing 21. Meanwhile, the first connecting flange 15 is provided with a guide shaft 151, and the second connecting flange 213 is connected to the guide shaft 151 through the guide hole 2131, so as to achieve automatic centering disassembly and connection, avoiding wear caused by the operator's own centering connection.

[0087] Meanwhile, an inner tapered spline 142 is detachably connected to the transmission shaft 14 via a first mounting nut 141, which matches the outer tapered spline 222 detachably connected to the output shaft 22 in the transmission mechanism 2 via a second mounting nut 221. The axial pressing force is converted into a radial clamping force between the tapered surfaces. The radial clamping force is evenly distributed along the spline teeth, forming a self-locking effect. In the self-locking state, when an impact torque occurs in the drive output, the radial clamping force maintains tooth surface contact and restricts relative displacement.

[0088] Meanwhile, a shaft abutment plate 223 is provided on the end of the output shaft 22 away from the outer conical spline 222. It passes through the guide housing 2421 and abuts against the preload spring 2424. The output shaft 22 and the guide housing 2421 rotate synchronously. The preload spring 2424 is adjusted by the manual adjustment component 241. By manually rotating the adjustment knob 2411 on the connecting frame 2414, the transmission stud 2412 moves back and forth under the rotation of the adjustment knob 2411, thereby compressing the preload spring 2424 through the threaded stud abutment plate 2415. After adjustment, the locking nut 2413 is tightened to restrict the rotation of the transmission stud 2412. At the same time, the output shaft 33 of the electric drive component 32 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting frame 2414.

[0089] During the use of the preload indicator 25, the guide post 2416 on the threaded post abutment plate 2415 engages with the mating hole 2511 on the spring abutment plate 251. An indicator pin 252 is provided between the threaded post abutment plate 2415 and the spring abutment plate 251. The indicator pin 252 includes a spring piece 2521 disposed on the inner wall of the transmission hole 2417 opened on the threaded post abutment plate 2415 and the transmission stud 2412, a fixed ball 2523 disposed between the threaded post abutment plate 2415 and the spring abutment plate 251, and an indicator post 2522 fixedly connected to the fixed ball 2523 and passing through the transmission hole 2417. When the preload is not reached, the indicator pin 252... The fixed ball 2523 is compressed between the threaded column abutment plate 2415 and the spring abutment plate 251, and cannot be pushed out through the spring piece 2521. When the preload reaches the set value, the fixed ball 2523 on the indicator pin 252 is ejected by the preload spring 2424 along the axial transmission hole 2417. The first indicator block 2418 on the threaded column abutment plate 2415 and the second indicator block 2512 on the spring abutment plate 251 are observed in the guide groove 2422 opened on the side wall of the guide housing 2421 through the viewing window 211 to determine whether the preload meets the standard. When reset is required, the fixed ball 2523 is pushed through the spring piece 2521 by the indicator pin 2522 to reset.

[0090] Meanwhile, a ball bearing 23 is also provided on the transmission housing 21 to provide radial support for the guide housing 2421. A guide ring 212 is also provided outside the transmission housing 21, the inner diameter of which is larger than that of the ball bearing 23. The guide ring 212 is connected to a second connecting flange 213 to facilitate the sealing and protection of its internal structure.

[0091] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An outdoor high-voltage disconnector, comprising a disconnector body (1), an electric operating mechanism (3) and a transmission mechanism (2) for connecting the disconnector body (1) and the electric operating mechanism (3); the disconnector body (1) has a transmission rotating shaft (14), and the transmission mechanism (2) has an output rotating shaft (22); characterized in that: the output rotating shaft (22) and the transmission rotating shaft (14) are connected through mutually matched conical splines; the transmission mechanism (2) is further provided with a spring pre-tightening module (24) for applying an axial pre-tightening force to the output rotating shaft (22) so as to press the conical surfaces of the conical splines against each other; the transmission mechanism (2) is further provided with a pre-tightening force indicating piece (25) linked with the spring pre-tightening module (24) for indicating the size of the axial pre-tightening force; the disconnector body (1) is provided with a first connecting flange (15), the transmission mechanism (2) is provided with a transmission housing (21) provided with a second connecting flange (213) matched with the first connecting flange (15); the first connecting flange (15) is provided with a guide shaft (151), and the second connecting flange (213) is provided with a guide hole (2131) matched with the guide shaft (151); the spring pre-tightening module (24) comprises a manual adjusting piece (241) and a spring piece (242); the output rotating shaft (22) is fixed with a rotating shaft abutting plate (223), the manual adjusting piece (241) has a threaded column abutting plate (2415), and the spring piece (242) is arranged between the rotating shaft abutting plate (223) and the threaded column abutting plate (2415); the manual adjusting piece (241) is used for adjusting the position of the threaded column abutting plate (2415) to compress the spring piece (242); the pre-tightening force indicating piece (25) comprises a spring abutting plate (251) and an indicating pin (252) arranged between the threaded column abutting plate (2415) and the spring abutting plate (251); the threaded column abutting plate (2415) is provided with a guide column (2416), and the spring abutting plate (251) is provided with a matched hole (2511) matched with the guide column (2416); the manual adjusting piece (241) further comprises a connecting frame (2414), an adjusting knob (2411), a transmission stud (2412) and a locking nut (2413); the transmission stud (2412) is threadedly connected to the connecting frame (2414), the adjusting knob (2411) is connected to one end of the transmission stud (2412), the other end of the transmission stud (2412) abuts against the threaded column abutting plate (2415), and the locking nut (2413) is used for locking the transmission stud (2412) to the connecting frame (2414). ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The outdoor high-voltage disconnector according to claim 1, characterized in that ​ 3. The outdoor high-voltage disconnector according to claim 1, characterized in that The spring member (242) comprises a guide shell (2421) and a pre-tightening spring (2424) arranged in the guide shell (2421); the output rotating shaft (22) penetrates the guide shell (2421), and the transmission mechanism (2) further comprises a ball bearing (23) arranged in the transmission shell (21) and used for radially supporting the guide shell (2421).

4. The outdoor high-voltage disconnector according to claim 1, characterized in that The threaded column abutting plate (2415) is provided with a first indicating block (2418), the spring abutting plate (251) is provided with a second indicating block (2512), the transmission shell (21) is provided with a visual window (211), the guide shell (2421) of the spring member (242) is provided with a guide groove (2422), and the first indicating block (2418) and the second indicating block (2512) are observed through the guide groove (2422) and the visual window (211).

5. The outdoor high-voltage disconnector according to claim 1, characterized in that The indicating pin (252) comprises a fixed ball (2523), an indicating column (2522) fixedly connected with the fixed ball (2523) and a spring sheet (2521) sleeved on the indicating column (2522); the transmission screw column (2412) of the manual adjusting member (241) is provided with a transmission hole (2417) for penetrating the indicating column (2522).

6. The outdoor high-voltage disconnector according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmission rotating shaft (14) is provided with an inner tapered spline (142), and the output rotating shaft (22) is provided with an outer tapered spline (222) matched with the inner tapered spline (142).

7. The outdoor high-voltage disconnector according to claim 6, characterized in that The inner tapered spline (142) is fixed on the transmission rotating shaft (14) through a first mounting nut (141), and the outer tapered spline (222) is fixed on the output rotating shaft (22) through a second mounting nut (221).

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