A component clamping device applied to a numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of machine tool clamping, in particular to a part clamping device applied to a numerical control machine tool, which comprises a chuck main body, a vortex driving assembly arranged in the chuck main body and a plurality of radially sliding chuck bodies; further comprising an airflow guiding assembly and a centrifugal adjusting assembly; the airflow guiding assembly is fixed to the outer circumference of the chuck main body and is provided with a plurality of rotatable arc-shaped air deflectors; the centrifugal adjusting assembly is mechanically coupled with the airflow guiding assembly and is used for driving the plurality of arc-shaped air deflectors to synchronously deflect in response to the rotating speed of the chuck main body. When the chuck is static, the whole device keeps a closed state to prevent external pollutants from invading; once the chuck starts to rotate for machining, the centrifugal adjusting assembly automatically starts to adjust the airflow guiding assembly to a working posture, utilizes the airflow dynamics effect brought by the chuck rotation to form an effective protective airflow barrier at key positions, so that the active protection purposes of preventing chips, cleaning and cooling are realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machine tool clamping, and in particular to a part clamping device applied to a numerical control machine tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a common part clamping device, the three-jaw chuck is widely applied to machining centers such as numerical control machine tools, lathes, and drilling machines to realize automatic centering and clamping of workpieces. In the prior art, the electric three-jaw chuck drives the scroll disc through the servo motor, and then drives the three chucks engaged with the plane thread to move radially synchronously, which has the advantages of high automation degree and accurate clamping force control.

[0003] However, in the above-mentioned prior art, in a specific automated machining environment, especially when the numerical control machine tool performs a process such as continuous tapping and drilling that generates a large amount of fine metal debris, due to the openness of the structure, the debris generated during machining easily invades the inside of the chuck body and accumulates between the transmission matching surface of the chuck and the scroll disc. In particular, in the three-jaw chuck driven by electricity or hydraulic pressure, when the driving system encounters resistance caused by debris, it cannot perceive the abnormal jamming feeling like manual operation, and the control system will continue to instruct the motor to output torque and forcibly drive, which not only causes the surface of the chuck and the scroll disc to be damaged, but also causes the servo motor to be overloaded, the clamping accuracy to be permanently inaccurate, and even the transmission assembly to be jammed, and other chain failures. This problem is common in high-strength and continuous production industrial sites, which seriously affects the machining reliability, equipment life, and production rhythm of the numerical control machine tool. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is that in the machining process of the electric three-jaw chuck, debris invasion causes transmission jamming, and the driving system still forcibly operates due to the inability to perceive this resistance, thereby causing component damage.

[0005] The above technical problem is solved by the following technical solution: the present application provides a part clamping device applied to a numerical control machine tool, which comprises a chuck body, a scroll driving assembly arranged in the chuck body, and a plurality of radially sliding chuck bodies; further comprising an airflow guiding assembly and a centrifugal adjusting assembly; the airflow guiding assembly is fixed to the outer circumference of the chuck body and has a plurality of rotatable arc-shaped wind deflectors; the centrifugal adjusting assembly is mechanically coupled with the airflow guiding assembly and is used to drive the plurality of arc-shaped wind deflectors to deflect synchronously in response to the rotational speed of the chuck body.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device applied to a numerical control machine tool according to the present application: the airflow guiding assembly comprises an upper ring plate and a lower ring plate fixed to the outer wall of the chuck body, and the plurality of arc-shaped wind deflectors are rotatably arranged between the upper ring plate and the lower ring plate through a rotating shaft.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, the centrifugal adjusting assembly comprises a gear ring, a plurality of second gears and a centrifugal trigger; the gear ring is rotatably arranged in the annular groove of the upper ring plate; the plurality of second gears are fixed to the upper end of the rotating shaft and engaged with the gear ring; the centrifugal trigger is fixedly connected with the gear ring.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, the centrifugal trigger comprises a ball, a connecting rod and a spring; one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the gear ring, and the other end is provided with the ball; the upper ring plate is provided with a through slot for sliding of the connecting rod; the spring is arranged in the through slot and provides a restoring force for the connecting rod.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, the number of springs is two, and the two springs are symmetrically arranged in the through slot with respect to the connecting rod, so that the connecting rod is located at the midpoint of the arc of the through slot in the initial state.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, the airflow guiding assembly further comprises a guiding cavity, and an entrance side of the guiding cavity is formed between the upper ring plate and the lower ring plate; an exit side of the guiding cavity is located in the chuck body and communicates with the internal cavity of the chuck body, and the aperture of the entrance side and the exit side of the guiding cavity is larger than the aperture of the middle section.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, the chuck body is formed by connecting the bottom plate and the cover plate by circumferentially distributed bolts, and an annular cavity is formed in the inside.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, a radial extension limiting groove is formed on the cover plate, and the chuck body is slidingly arranged in the limiting groove; a tooth plate is arranged at the lower end of the chuck body, and the tooth plate is engaged with the spiral groove of the spiral drive assembly.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tool, the spiral drive assembly comprises a spiral plate and a plurality of first gears; the plurality of first gears are annularly and uniformly arranged below the spiral plate and engaged with the toothed structure on the lower surface.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the part clamping device for numerical control machine tools according to the present application: when the chuck body is static, the leading and trailing edges of the plurality of arc-shaped wind deflectors abut each other, together forming a closed annular cylindrical structure.

[0015] The present application has the beneficial effect that: through the airflow guiding assembly fixed to the outer circumference of the chuck, the assembly has a plurality of independently rotatable arc-shaped wind deflectors, which are not fixed and immovable, but can change their angles synchronously according to the working conditions. Mechanically coupled with the airflow guiding assembly is the centrifugal adjusting assembly, which serves as the control core of the entire protection system, and does not rely on external power or sensors, but directly responds to the rotation of the chuck. When the chuck starts and reaches a certain speed, the assembly can automatically sense and use the generated centrifugal force to accurately and synchronously drive all the arc-shaped wind deflectors to deflect.

[0016] Through the cooperation of the above two assemblies, the present application realizes an intelligent protection mechanism: when the chuck is static, the entire device remains in a closed state to prevent external contaminants from entering; once the chuck starts to rotate for processing, the centrifugal adjusting assembly automatically starts to adjust the airflow guiding assembly to the working posture, and uses the airflow dynamics effect brought by the rotation of the chuck to form an effective protective airflow barrier at the key positions, thereby achieving the active protection purposes of chip prevention, cleaning and cooling. The entire process is completely based on the adaptive feedback of the mechanical structure, without the need for external control, greatly improving the reliability and automation level of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present application, but not limit the present application. Among them:

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the present application in three dimensions;

[0020] Figure 3 It is an explosion schematic of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 4 It is an explosion schematic of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the present application in half section;

[0023] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at A in the present application;

[0024] Figure 7 For Figure 5 B-B cross-sectional view of the middle;

[0025] Figure 8 For centrifugal trigger in the through slot (left) and annular groove (right) respectively.

[0026] In the figure:

[0027] 1, chuck body; 11, bottom plate; 12, cover plate; 13, annular cavity; 14, limiting groove; 15, bolt;

[0028] 2, scroll drive assembly; 21, scroll plate; 211, scroll groove; 212, tooth structure; 22, first gear;

[0029] 3, chuck body; 31, tooth plate;

[0030] 4, airflow guide assembly; 41, upper ring plate; 411, annular groove; 412, through slot; 413, containing groove; 42, lower ring plate; 43, arc-shaped air deflector; 44, rotating shaft; 45, guide cavity; 451, inlet side; 452, middle section; 453, outlet side;

[0031] 5, centrifugal adjustment assembly; 51, tooth ring; 52, second gear; 53, centrifugal trigger; 531, ball; 532, connecting rod; 533, spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and drawings.

[0033] The terms used in the present application are those general terms currently widely used in the art in consideration of the functions related to the present application, but these terms can be changed according to the intention of those skilled in the art, precedents, or new technology in the art. In addition, specific terms can be selected by the applicant, and in this case, the detailed meaning thereof will be described in the detailed description of the present application. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be understood as simple names, but based on the meaning of the terms and the overall description of the present application.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1-8The embodiment provides a part clamping device applied to a numerical control machine tool, which comprises a chuck body 1, a vortex driving assembly 2 arranged in the chuck body 1 and a plurality of radial sliding chuck bodies 3, further comprises an airflow guiding assembly 4 and a centrifugal adjusting assembly 5, the airflow guiding assembly 4 is fixed to the outer circumference of the chuck body 1 and is provided with a plurality of rotatable arc-shaped air deflectors 43, the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 is mechanically coupled with the airflow guiding assembly 4 and is used for driving the plurality of arc-shaped air deflectors 43 to synchronously deflect in response to the rotating speed of the chuck body 1.

[0035] The basic structure of the device comprises a chuck body 1, the inside of the chuck body 1 is provided with a known vortex driving assembly 2 and a plurality of chuck bodies 3 which can synchronously slide along the radial direction of the chuck, so that the basic clamping and centering functions of a workpiece are realized.

[0036] The core improvement of the device is that a set of active protection is integrated, which is composed of two functional modules: one is the airflow guiding assembly 4, which is fixedly installed on the outer circumference of the chuck body 1 as a whole and comprises a plurality of independently rotatable arc-shaped air deflectors 43, the arc-shaped air deflectors 43 are execution elements for generating and controlling airflow; the other is the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5, which is mechanically coupled with the airflow guiding assembly 4 through gear meshing and other pure mechanical methods, the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 directly responds to the rotating speed of the chuck body 1 during machining, when the chuck body 1 starts to rotate and reaches a certain rotating speed, the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 can be automatically triggered and accurately convert the generated mechanical displacement into synchronous driving of the deflection angle of all the arc-shaped air deflectors 43. Through the cooperation of the two modules, once the chuck body 1 rotates, the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 works immediately, uniformly adjusts the windward angle of all the arc-shaped air deflectors 43, so that the circumferential wind generated when the chuck body 1 rotates is efficiently converted into directional airflow for blowing and cooling the inside of the chuck body 1, and the technical problems of debris invasion and heat accumulation are fundamentally solved.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-5 Specifically, the chuck body 1 is connected by a bottom plate 11 and a cover plate 12 through circumferentially distributed bolts 15, and an annular cavity 13 is formed in the inside. The vortex driving assembly 2 comprises a vortex plate 21 and a plurality of first gears 22; the plurality of first gears 22 are annularly and uniformly distributed below the vortex plate 21 and are meshed with the toothed structure 212 on the lower surface. The cover plate 12 is provided with a radially extending limiting groove 14, and the chuck body 3 is slidingly arranged in the limiting groove 14; the lower end of the chuck body 3 is provided with a toothed plate 31, and the toothed plate 31 is meshed with the vortex groove 211 of the vortex driving assembly 2.

[0038] The chuck body 1 constitutes the base frame and the shell of the whole clamping device, which is fixedly connected by a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed bolts 15 between a bottom plate 11 and a cover plate 12, and the connection mode ensures the overall rigidity and sealing of the structure. After the bottom plate 11 is engaged with the cover plate 12, an annular closed cavity, referred to as an annular cavity 13, is jointly defined in the inside thereof, which provides accommodation and protection space for the internal vortex drive assembly 2, and is also a place where debris is easily hidden in the existing three-jaw chuck.

[0039] The vortex drive assembly 2 includes a vortex plate 21 and a plurality of first gears 22. The vortex plate 21 is a disc, and a continuous tooth structure 212 is processed on the lower surface thereof. The plurality of first gears 22 are annularly and equidistantly distributed below the vortex plate 21 with the axis of the annular cavity 13 as the center. Each first gear 22 is engaged with the tooth structure 212 on the lower surface of the vortex plate 21. This design is a common vortex disc driving form in the known art, and by rotating any first gear 22, the whole vortex plate 21 can be stably rotated around the central axis.

[0040] In order to realize the clamping and centering of the workpiece, a plurality of radially extending limiting grooves 14 are uniformly provided on the cover plate 12 in the circumferential direction thereof. Each limiting groove 14 is slidably provided with a chuck body 3. The upper part of the chuck body 3 is exposed outside the cover plate 12 through the limiting groove 14, and is used for directly contacting and clamping the workpiece. The lower end of the chuck body 3 extends to the plane where the annular cavity 13 is located, and is fixedly provided with a tooth plate 31 which is engaged with a continuous vortex groove 211 provided on the upper surface of the vortex plate 21.

[0041] Based on the above structure, the basic clamping principle is as follows: when any first gear 22 is rotated by a tool, i.e., a chuck wrench or an electrically controlled wrench, power is transmitted to the vortex plate 21 to make it rotate. Since the chuck body 3 is limited in the radial limiting groove 14 and can only move linearly, the meshing action between the vortex groove 211 on the vortex plate 21 and the tooth plate 31 at the lower end of the chuck body 3 converts the rotary motion of the vortex plate 21 into the synchronous and equal-speed radial movement of the three chuck bodies 3, thereby realizing the automatic centering and clamping or loosening of the workpiece. This is the basic principle on which the three-jaw chuck works.

[0042] The above is the basic principle of the three-jaw chuck. However, it is also the structure feature that the limiting groove 14 is connected with the annular cavity 13 that is necessary to achieve the clamping function, which objectively constitutes the inherent defect and weak point of the existing three-jaw chuck that is easy to accumulate machining debris. When the numerical control machine tool is tapping, drilling and other cutting processes, a large amount of fine metal debris generated in the high-speed flying process can easily invade the gap of the above-mentioned limiting groove 14. Due to the openness of the structure, these debris will further enter and stay in the annular cavity 13 through the limiting groove 14 under the action of centrifugal force or vibration when the chuck rotates. Once entering the closed cavity, the debris is difficult to discharge itself, thereby forming a continuous source of pollution.

[0043] This is the core problem faced by the prior art: hard debris that invades and accumulates in the annular cavity 13 will directly mix into the transmission interface of the scroll plate 21 and the chuck body 3 tooth plate 31, or embed in the gap of other motion pairs, causing transmission jamming and abnormal wear. Especially in the electrically driven three-jaw chuck, the driving system lacks the sensing ability of such microscopic jamming. Even if resistance is encountered, it will still continuously output torque to force drive. This "hard" overload operation may cause transmission surface scratches, clamping precision misalignment, or even scroll assembly jamming or drive motor damage, which greatly affects the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0044] Referring to Figures 2-8 , wherein Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 The bold arrows indicate the direction of the wind. In order to solve the above problems, the following structure is further designed: the airflow guiding assembly 4 includes an upper ring plate 41 and a lower ring plate 42 fixed to the outer wall of the chuck body 1, and a plurality of arc-shaped air deflectors 43 are rotatably arranged between the upper ring plate 41 and the lower ring plate 42 through a rotating shaft 44. It also includes a guide cavity 45, and the upper ring plate 41 and the lower ring plate 42 form an entrance side 451 of the guide cavity 45; the outlet side 453 of the guide cavity 45 is located in the chuck body 1 and is connected with the internal cavity of the chuck body 1, and the hole diameters of the entrance side 451 and the outlet side 453 of the guide cavity 45 are greater than that of the middle section 452.

[0045] The main structure of the airflow guiding assembly 4 is composed of an upper ring plate 41 and a lower ring plate 42 fixedly installed on the outer circumferential wall of the chuck body 1, and a plurality of arc-shaped air deflectors 43 are uniformly arranged between the upper ring plate 41 and the lower ring plate 42 in the circumferential direction. Each arc-shaped air deflector 43 is rotatably connected between the two ring plates by a vertical rotating shaft 44, so that the deflection angles of all arc-shaped air deflectors 43 can be synchronously and uniformly adjusted. In this way, when the three-jaw chuck rotates, the arc-shaped air deflectors 43 located on the outer side can cut and guide the wind into the annular cavity 13, and finally perform back blowing at the communication between the annular cavity 13 and each limiting groove 14 to avoid the entry of external debris into the annular cavity 13.

[0046] In the radial direction from the outside to the inside in the cross section, a guide cavity 45 is provided, which has an inlet side 451 located outside the chuck body 1, i.e. composed of the upper ring plate 41 and the lower ring plate 42, and an outlet side 453 located inside the chuck body 1 and connected with the annular cavity 13. The configuration of the guide cavity 45 is particularly optimized: the flow apertures of the inlet side 451 and the outlet side 453 are designed to be larger than the aperture of the middle section 452 of the guide cavity 45. This unique structure like a Venturi tube with large ends and a small middle part can accelerate the inflowing air. When the chuck body 1 rotates, the ambient air is more efficiently "captured" and sucked in from the inlet side 451, the flow rate increases when flowing through the narrow middle section, and finally is sent into the annular cavity 13 inside the chuck body 1 from the outlet side 453 with higher momentum and speed. This design significantly enhances the strength of the airflow backblown from the limiting groove 14 to the outside, thereby greatly improving the effect of cleaning debris and cooling heat dissipation. At the same time, the "large ends and small middle part" also has the following effects: the large outer side can guide the wind from multiple arc-shaped air deflectors 43 to converge through gradually decreasing apertures, so that more wind can be entered with a larger inlet, and the large inner side is connected with the annular cavity, so that when there are debris with larger mass inside the annular cavity 13, the debris will be ensured to converge to the outlet side 453 and finally be discharged from the body under the action of centrifugal force due to the feature of large inner side, small middle part.

[0047] Furthermore, to ensure that the protective device can work effectively when the three-jaw chuck rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 is designed to adaptively and synchronously adjust the attack angles of all arc-shaped air deflectors 43 in the airflow guiding assembly 4 in the opposite direction in real time according to the different rotation directions of the chuck, so as to ensure that a directional airflow pointing to the inside of the chuck can be formed in any rotation direction.

[0048] Specifically, the centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 comprises a gear ring 51, a plurality of second gears 52 and a centrifugal trigger 53; the gear ring 51 is rotatably arranged in the annular groove 411 formed in the upper ring plate 41; the plurality of second gears 52 are fixed to the upper end of the rotating shaft 44 and engaged with the gear ring 51; the centrifugal trigger 53 is fixedly connected with the gear ring 51.

[0049] The centrifugal adjusting assembly 5 comprises a gear ring 51, a plurality of second gears 52 and a centrifugal trigger 53, the gear ring 51 is an annular structure, and the inner or outer ring of the gear ring 51 is provided with a tooth structure 212 (the specific location of the tooth structure 212 is selected according to actual conditions), and the gear ring 51 is rotatably arranged in the annular groove 411 formed on the surface of the upper ring plate 41, the plurality of second gears 52 are respectively fixedly arranged on the upper end of the rotating shaft 44 corresponding to the arc-shaped air deflector 43, and all the second gears 52 are in engagement with the gear ring 51, so that the circumferential motion of the gear ring 51 is converted into the synchronous rotation of the rotating shaft 44. The centrifugal trigger 53 is fixedly connected with the gear ring 51 and serves as the sensing and driving input end of the entire assembly. The centrifugal trigger 53 is designed to directly respond to the centrifugal force generated when the chuck rotates, and the displacement or deflection generated by the centrifugal trigger 53 directly acts on the gear ring 51, forcing the gear ring 51 to rotate in the annular groove 411. The rotation of the gear ring 51 further drives all the arc-shaped air deflectors 43 to synchronously deflect by a consistent angle about the rotating shaft 44 through the second gears 52 in engagement with the gear ring 51. This purely mechanical feedback system ensures that the airflow guiding angle can be automatically and real-timely adjusted according to the change of the rotating speed and direction of the chuck.

[0050] The centrifugal trigger 53 comprises a ball 531, a connecting rod 532 and at least one spring 533; one end of the connecting rod 532 is fixedly connected with the gear ring 51, and the other end is provided with the ball 531; the upper ring plate 41 is provided with a through groove 412 for sliding of the connecting rod 532; the spring 533 is arranged in the through groove 412 and provides a restoring force for the connecting rod 532. The number of the spring 533 is two, and the two springs 533 are symmetrically arranged in the through groove 412 with respect to the connecting rod 532, so as to allow the connecting rod 532 to be located at the midpoint of the arc of the through groove 412 in the initial state.

[0051] The centrifugal trigger 53 is a key component for sensing the rotation of the chuck body 1 and driving the adjusting action, which comprises a ball 531 as a mass, a connecting rod 532 as a transmission member, and a spring 533 for providing a restoring force. One end of the connecting rod 532 is fixedly connected with the tooth ring 51 through screw thread or a pin, and the other end is mounted on the ball 531. An arc-shaped through slot 412 is formed in the upper ring plate 41, the center of which is coaxial with the rotation center of the tooth ring 51, thereby providing an accurate sliding track for the connecting rod 532. On the inner side of the arc-shaped through slot 412, a special accommodating slot 413 is formed on each of the left and right side walls, and a spring 533 is mounted in each accommodating slot 413. The two springs 533 are symmetrically arranged about the connecting rod 532. When the device is in a stationary state, the connecting rod 532 is stably positioned at the middle position of the arc-shaped through slot 412 under the balance of the two springs 533, and at this time, the two springs 533 are in their natural length or longest free state. When the chuck starts to rotate, the ball 531 drives the connecting rod 532 to slide along the arc-shaped through slot 412 under the action of centrifugal force. If the connecting rod 532 slides to the left, the spring 533 in the left accommodating slot 413 will be compressed, while the right spring 533 remains unchanged. In this process, the connecting rod 532, through its fixed connection with the tooth ring 51, forces the tooth ring 51 to rotate. When the machining is completed and the chuck stops rotating, the centrifugal force disappears, and the compressed left spring 533 releases its stored elastic potential energy to push the connecting rod 532 back and reposition it to the middle position of the arc, thereby preparing for the next action and realizing automatic reset in a purely mechanical manner.

[0052] When the chuck body 1 is in a stationary state, the centrifugal trigger 53 is in the initial position under the restoring force of the spring 533, and through the transmission of the tooth ring 51 and the second gear 52, all the arc-shaped air deflectors 43 are synchronously rotated to a specific angle. In this state, the leading edge and the trailing edge of the adjacent arc-shaped air deflectors 43 are in close contact with each other, and all the air deflectors are jointly assembled to form a complete and closed annular cylindrical structure. This design enables the airflow guiding assembly 4 to effectively shield the passage of the guiding cavity 45 during the non-working period, like wearing a protective garment for the chuck body 1, thereby preventing dust, cutting fluid or other contaminants from entering the chuck through the guiding cavity 45, and achieving efficient passive sealing protection in the non-working state.

[0053] Referring to Figures 1-8 The working process of the present application mainly includes three main stages of clamping and positioning, rotating machining and active protection, and stop resetting, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0054] First step: workpiece clamping. When the workpiece needs to be clamped, the operator inserts the chuck key into the hole exposed on the outside of the chuck body 1, and rotates the chuck key to drive the first gear 22 in the annular cavity 13. The rotation of the first gear 22 drives the engagement of the spiral plate 21, which rotates around its central axis. Since the tooth plate 31 on the lower surface of each chuck body 3 is engaged with the spiral groove 211 on the upper surface of the spiral plate 21, and each chuck body 3 is limited in the limiting groove 14 of the cover plate 12 to only make radial sliding, the rotation of the spiral plate 21 will be converted into the synchronous and equidistant radial movement of the three chuck bodies 3, thereby achieving automatic centering and clamping or loosening of the workpiece.

[0055] Second step: rotating machining and active protection. After the workpiece is clamped firmly, start the numerical control machine tool spindle to drive the entire three-jaw chuck to rotate at high speed along with the workpiece for tapping, drilling and other cutting processes. At this time, the active protection and cooling design of the device is started simultaneously, and the process is as follows:

[0056] Centrifugal triggering and angle adjustment of wind deflector: Assuming that when the three-jaw chuck rotates clockwise as a whole, the ball 531 set in the upper ring plate through slot 412 will overcome the elastic force of one of the springs 533 under the action of centrifugal force, and move along the through slot 412 in the counterclockwise direction (i.e. away from the direction of rotation). The ball 531 is fixedly connected to the gear ring 51 through the connecting rod 532, so the movement of the ball 531 will drive the gear ring 51 to rotate counterclockwise in the annular groove 411 of the upper ring plate 41. The rotation of the gear ring 51 drives all the second gears 52 engaged with it to rotate synchronously. Each second gear 52 drives an arc-shaped wind deflector 43 to deflect by a certain angle through the rotating shaft 44, so that it changes from the closed state of annular arrangement to the open state, i.e. the curved surface of each arc-shaped wind deflector 43 is adjusted to the best angle of attack for effectively "cutting" the air flow encountered during the rotation of the chuck.

[0057] Positive air flow and back-blowing cleaning: under the guidance of the angle-adjusted arc-shaped wind deflector 43, air is efficiently introduced into the outside of the guide cavity 45 surrounded by the upper ring plate 41, the lower ring plate 42 and the adjacent arc-shaped wind deflector 43. Since the end of the guide cavity 45 is connected to the annular cavity 13 inside the chuck, and the annular cavity 13 is connected to the outside space through the limiting groove 14, a continuous and pressure air flow will be pressed into the annular cavity 13 from the guide cavity 45, and eventually flow out from the openings of each limiting groove 14. This back-blowing air flow forms an air curtain barrier at the gap between the chuck body 3 and the limiting groove 14, the spiral groove 211, effectively blowing away and preventing metal debris generated during machining from entering these transmission parts, thereby fundamentally avoiding the problem of poor movement of the chuck body 3, wear of the spiral plate or overload of the driving motor caused by debris jamming.

[0058] Auxiliary heat dissipation and debris discharge: At the same time, the airflow also brings forced convection cooling to the inside of the high-speed running chuck, timely taking away the heat conducted to the chuck from the workpiece during the machining process, preventing the influence of thermal deformation on the clamping precision. In addition, even if a very small amount of debris accidentally enters the annular cavity 13, it will be thrown to the outer periphery of the annular cavity 13 under the action of strong centrifugal force, and enter the guide cavity 45 with the airflow, and finally be completely thrown out of the chuck from the outside opening of the guide cavity 45 (here, the debris can overcome the blowing at the limiting groove 14, and it is also possible to overcome the wind inside the annular cavity 13 and the guide cavity 45, and this debris may be relatively heavy).

[0059] Third step: machining stop and system reset. When the machining process is completed, the numerical control machine tool spindle stops rotating, the three-jaw chuck slows down and stops, at this time, the centrifugal force acting on the ball 531 disappears, the compressed spring 533 releases its elastic potential energy, pushes the connecting rod 532 and the fixed ball 531 slide back to the middle initial position of the through slot 412, this reset movement drives the gear ring 51 to rotate in the opposite direction (clockwise), and then drives all the arc-shaped air deflectors 43 to rotate synchronously through the second gear 52 and the rotating shaft 44, and returns to the initial state. In this state, all the arc-shaped air deflectors 43 are connected end to end, and recombined into a complete annular closed structure, which tightly blocks the entrances of each guide cavity 45, this design effectively prevents the invasion of dust, coolant or other contaminants from the outside through the guide cavity 45 into the chuck interior when the equipment is stopped, and realizes passive sealing protection in the non-working state.

[0060] Finally, it should be pointed out that the methods and devices described in detail above are only embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways without departing from the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A parts clamping device for CNC machine tools, characterized in that: It includes a chuck body (1), a vortex drive assembly (2) disposed in the chuck body (1), and multiple radially sliding chuck bodies (3). It also includes an airflow guiding component (4) and a centrifugal adjustment component (5); the airflow guiding component (4) is fixed to the outer circumference of the chuck body (1) and has multiple rotatable arc-shaped air guide plates (43); the centrifugal adjustment component (5) is mechanically coupled to the airflow guiding component (4) and is used to respond to the rotation speed of the chuck body (1) and drive the multiple arc-shaped air guide plates (43) to deflect synchronously. The airflow guiding component (4) includes an upper ring plate (41) and a lower ring plate (42) fixed to the outer wall of the chuck body (1). Multiple arc-shaped air guide plates (43) are rotatably disposed between the upper ring plate (41) and the lower ring plate (42) via a rotating shaft (44). The centrifugal adjusting component (5) includes a gear ring (51), multiple second gears (52), and a centrifugal trigger (53). The gear ring (51) is rotatably disposed within an annular groove (411) opened in the upper ring plate (41). Multiple second gears (52) are fixed to the upper end of the rotating shaft (44) and mesh with the gear ring (51). The centrifugal trigger (53) is fixedly connected to the gear ring (51). The centrifugal trigger (53) includes a ball (531), a connecting rod (532), and a spring (533). One end of the connecting rod (532) is fixedly connected to the toothed ring (51), and the other end is provided with the ball (531); the upper ring plate (41) is provided with a through groove (412) for the connecting rod (532) to slide; the spring (533) is provided in the through groove (412) and provides restoring force for the connecting rod (532); the airflow guiding assembly (4) also includes a guiding cavity (45), and the upper ring plate (41) and the lower ring plate (42) enclose a guiding cavity (45) inlet side (451); the guiding cavity (45) outlet side (453) is located in the chuck body (1) and communicates with the internal cavity of the chuck body (1), and the aperture of the guiding cavity (45) inlet side (451) and outlet side (453) is larger than the aperture of the middle section (452).

2. The component clamping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two springs (533), which are symmetrically arranged about the connecting rod (532) in the through groove (412) so that the connecting rod (532) is located at the midpoint of the arc of the through groove (412) in the initial state.

3. The component clamping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chuck body (1) is formed by connecting a base plate (11) and a cover plate (12) with circumferentially distributed bolts (15), and an annular cavity (13) is formed inside.

4. The component clamping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cover plate (12) has a radially extending limiting groove (14), and the chuck body (3) is slidably disposed in the limiting groove (14); the lower end of the chuck body (3) is provided with a toothed plate (31), and the toothed plate (31) meshes with the vortex groove (211) of the vortex drive assembly (2).

5. The component clamping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vortex drive assembly (2) includes a vortex plate (21) and a plurality of first gears (22); the plurality of first gears (22) are evenly distributed in a ring below the vortex plate (21) and mesh with the toothed structure (212) on the lower surface.

6. The component clamping device for CNC machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the chuck body (1) is stationary, the first and last edges of the plurality of arc-shaped air guide plates (43) abut against each other, forming a closed annular cylindrical structure.

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