Urban construction whole-process full-aperture carbon emission statistics and accounting method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, aims to solve the problems that urban carbon emission accounting boundaries are not uniform, methods are diversified, data are not consistent, results are not comparable and the like, and provides a full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method for the whole process of urban construction. The method comprises six departments of building, energy, municipal administration, traffic, industry and blue-green, and three urban construction stages of clear planning, construction and management. Identifying carbon emissions in ranges I, II and III; constructing a three-level accounting hierarchy, and selecting the accounting hierarchy through a decision tree according to data availability and management requirements; carbon emission of each stage is checked according to the selected level, and specific emission checking modes of different departments in each stage are covered. According to the method, multiple departments are comprehensively considered, accounting is expanded to the outside of an administrative boundary, multi-scale accounting is adapted, support is provided for urban managers to accurately evaluate and manage carbon emission, and formulation of an emission reduction strategy and realization of a sustainable development target are assisted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and particularly relates to a whole-process and whole-portable carbon emission statistical and accounting method for urban construction. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the area where human activities are most concentrated, cities are the hotspots and key areas of greenhouse gas emissions, and their low-carbon development is crucial to achieving global emission reduction targets. Many countries regard cities as the main spatial carriers for controlling greenhouse gas emissions and are working hard to promote low-carbon city construction. Measurable is manageable, and the first prerequisite for building a low-carbon city is to scientifically account for urban carbon emissions so that managers can clearly and accurately grasp the greenhouse gas emissions in various fields of the city. The main challenges currently faced by urban carbon emission accounting include: non-uniformity of accounting boundaries, diversity of accounting methods, inconsistency of data sources, and incomparability of accounting results. These problems limit the application of urban carbon emission accounting in low-carbon city construction and affect the efficiency of carbon emission reduction cooperation and policy making between cities. Although the national-level carbon emission accounting method provided by IPCC mentions several major categories of emission sources such as energy, industrial processes, product use, agriculture, forestry, land use, and waste, it lacks a unified boundary definition, resulting in differences when applied to different cities for accounting, making it difficult to compare horizontally and manage. The main reason is that the cognitive range of the whole process of urban construction does not match the existing carbon accounting methodology, making it difficult to effectively guide low-carbon management practices. Current urban construction focuses on buildings and municipal infrastructure, but lacks consideration of energy, industry, transportation, and other departments that support city operations, which does not match the department division in the existing accounting methodology, limiting the expandability of low-carbon city construction and making it unable to meet new construction needs. At the same time, urban carbon accounting methods are mostly limited to geographical boundaries, and the definition of key processes and factors in the whole process of urban construction is not clear, resulting in accounting being limited to administrative jurisdiction, only considering the local construction and operation stage of infrastructure, and failing to systematically consider carbon emissions in the whole life cycle stage of the city. In addition, current urban carbon emission accounting is limited due to the lack of data and consistent methodology, and the source, processing, and statistical form of activity level data and emission factors have not been standardized and localized, making it urgent to build an accounting model that integrates multi-source data statistics, local emission factor library, and consistent accounting range modules. Therefore, it is necessary to build a carbon emission statistical and accounting methodology for urban construction with clear boundaries, consistent processes, and coordinated data to meet the new needs of low-carbon city construction management. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a whole-process and whole-portable carbon emission statistical and accounting method for urban construction to help city managers and builders accurately assess and manage carbon emissions at various stages of the city.

[0004] The technical purposes are achieved by the following technical solutions: a whole-process and full-coverage carbon emission statistics and accounting method for urban construction, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step one: dividing the full-coverage departments of urban construction carbon emission accounting, including building, energy, municipal, transportation, industry and blue-green six departments; wherein:

[0006] The building department includes public buildings and residential buildings;

[0007] The energy department includes primary energy exploitation and secondary energy processing and conversion;

[0008] The municipal department covers water supply and drainage, gas, heating, lighting and waste treatment systems;

[0009] The transportation department is divided into road, water transportation, aviation, rail and pipeline according to the transportation mode;

[0010] The industrial department includes other industrial industries except energy industry;

[0011] The blue-green department is divided into carbon sink and carbon emission;

[0012] The whole process of urban construction is divided into planning, construction and management three stages, wherein the management stage includes operation, update and demolition;

[0013] Step two: identify three scopes of carbon emission:

[0014] Scope 1 is the direct carbon emission within the administrative boundary of the city;

[0015] Scope 2 is the indirect emission related to the imported electricity and heat consumed by the activities within the city boundary;

[0016] Scope 3 is other indirect emissions caused by activities within the city boundary but generated outside the boundary, including building material implicit emissions;

[0017] Step three: build a three-level accounting hierarchy, including:

[0018] The first level: based on the overall statistical data of departments and industries to evaluate the total carbon emission of the city;

[0019] The second level: identify emission data for regions or sub-industries;

[0020] The third level: fine accounting for specific construction projects, single buildings, facilities, etc.;

[0021] According to the data availability and management requirements, the accounting level is selected through the decision tree;

[0022] Step four: accounting carbon emissions of each stage according to selected level, including:

[0023] In the planning stage, based on building types, energy extraction, municipal facilities scale, traffic infrastructure mileage, industrial capacity and blue-green space area, combined with emission factors for pre-evaluation;

[0024] In the construction stage, accounting for direct emissions of construction activities (range one) and indirect emissions of building material transportation (range two) in construction activities, as well as the implicit carbon emissions of building materials (range three);

[0025] In the management stage, the direct emissions (range one), indirect emissions (range two) and material implicit emissions (range three) caused by energy consumption in the city operation, update and demolition stages are calculated respectively.

[0026] As preferred, in step one:

[0027] The pre-evaluation of the construction department in the planning stage includes carbon emission prediction of building material production, transportation, construction energy consumption and operation energy consumption;

[0028] The carbon sink accounting of the blue-green department includes the carbon absorption capacity of forest land, grassland and water area, and the carbon emission accounting includes the construction material production and construction emission of landscape engineering.

[0029] As preferred, in the three-level accounting level of step three:

[0030] The accounting formula of the first level is the product of the total amount of department activity level and the emission factor per unit area / yield;

[0031] The accounting formula of the second level is the weighted sum of the emissions of the subdivided types;

[0032] The accounting formula of the third level includes the carbon emissions of construction machinery shift energy consumption, building material transportation distance and local / external material.

[0033] As preferred, in the third level accounting:

[0034] The range three emissions of the construction department are calculated by the external adjustment amount of steel, cement, concrete and glass;

[0035] The range three emissions of the energy department include the transportation and production emissions of external adjustment building materials in plant construction;

[0036] The infrastructure emissions of the transportation department are refined to the construction machinery energy consumption and material transportation of road types.

[0037] As preferred, in step four:

[0038] The municipal department carbon emission accounting includes water production, water distribution, sewage treatment unit power consumption of the water supply and drainage system, and emission factors of gas, heating, lighting and garbage disposal;

[0039] The industrial department carbon emission accounting is calculated by product output and unit output emission factor, or estimated based on factory area and unit area emission factor;

[0040] The carbon sink capacity of the blue-green department is calculated by the carbon storage module to calculate the carbon density of aboveground biomass, underground biomass, soil and dead organic matter.

[0041] As preferred, the garden engineering carbon emission accounting of the blue-green department includes:

[0042] Material production, transportation and construction machinery emissions in the construction stage and the updating stage;

[0043] Energy consumption emissions in the operation stage;

[0044] Waste transportation energy consumption and mechanical demolition emissions in the demolition stage.

[0045] As preferred, the method supports multi-scale accounting at the city level, urban area level and park level, and realizes cross-regional carbon emission comparison through unified emission factor library and data standardization.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] The methodology comprehensively considers the six departments of architecture, energy, municipal, transportation, industry and blue-green, and extends the accounting of urban carbon emissions beyond the administrative boundaries of the city, covering direct emissions (Scope 1), indirect emissions (Scope 2) and other indirect emissions (Scope 3). Through this method, city managers can more accurately identify and assess carbon emissions at each link of the city, providing data support and decision-making basis for developing more accurate emission reduction strategies and achieving sustainable development goals. In addition, the methodology also proposes accounting method levels that meet different precision requirements to adapt to the accounting needs of different scales such as city level, urban area level, park level, etc., thereby providing data selection principles and scientific method support for achieving carbon neutrality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a whole-process and full-coverage carbon emission statistics and accounting method for urban construction provided by the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of three-level classification of the building department of the present application;

[0050] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of three-level classification of the energy department of the present application;

[0051] Figure 4 is a municipal department three-level classification schematic diagram of the present application;

[0052] Figure 5 is a traffic department three-level classification schematic diagram of the present application;

[0053] Figure 6 is an industrial department three-level classification schematic diagram of the present application;

[0054] Figure 7 is a blue-green department three-level classification schematic diagram of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The advantages and various effects of the present application will be more clearly presented hereinafter with specific embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art should understand that these specific embodiments and examples are used to illustrate the present application, rather than limit the present application.

[0056] Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically indicated, the terms used herein are to be understood as having the meanings commonly used in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs. If there is a contradiction, the present specification takes precedence.

[0057] Unless otherwise specifically indicated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present application can be purchased from the market or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0058] The following will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figures 1-5 The present application is further described.

[0059] The present embodiment provides a whole-process and whole-coverage carbon emission statistics and accounting method for urban construction, which comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step one: clarify the whole process and whole coverage of urban construction. Urban construction carbon emission accounting first needs to investigate the emission subjects and their emission behaviors in the region according to the regional construction demand, as shown in Table 1, the city carbon emission sources are departmentally attributed and divided, and then the whole coverage of urban construction in this method is determined to include building, energy, municipal, transportation, industry and blue-green six departments.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] In order to comprehensively and systematically evaluate and control carbon emissions of urban construction in its entire life cycle, it is divided into three stages: planning, construction, and management, each of which has its unique activities and emission characteristics.

[0065] Carbon emission pre-evaluation of each department in the urban planning stage can avoid the construction of new carbon-intensive infrastructure as much as possible, and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions from the source. In the urban planning stage, carbon emission pre-evaluation is carried out for newly planned construction projects in the region that year. For carbon emission pre-evaluation of urban planning, the evaluation unit is selected as buildings / companies / infrastructure that have been approved and have relatively complete planning and construction schemes within a year, which is not included in the total amount of accounting, and only identifies the expected carbon emissions in the life cycle process. The accounting content of this stage involves the pre-estimation of carbon emissions of all activities from before construction to after operation, including the production, transportation of pre-construction building materials, energy consumption data in the construction process, pre-evaluation of direct and indirect carbon emissions of these activities, and expected energy consumption in the operation and use process, including electricity, gas, heating, etc., and the conversion of these energy consumptions into carbon emissions to predict their impact on the environment in the life cycle.

[0066] The emissions in the construction stage refer to the emissions of the accounting unit in the construction process, which are directly generated by construction activities. The emissions in this stage not only include the direct energy consumption of mechanical equipment in the construction process, but also cover the carbon emissions in multiple links such as transportation of construction materials.

[0067] The management stage includes operation, updating, and demolition, specifically referring to the emissions generated by the accounting unit in the process of participating in urban services (production activities, residential activities, etc.), the emissions in the process of modification and expansion, renovation, local adjustment, and production line updating of the built and operated accounting unit, and the emissions in the process of overall demolition of the built and operated accounting unit. The carbon emissions in the operation stage are all emissions caused by the operation of the accounting unit in the year, mainly from energy and resource consumption, such as air conditioning systems, lighting systems, power equipment systems, hot water and gas, etc. The carbon emissions in the updating stage involve the emissions in the process of modification and expansion, renovation, local adjustment, and production line updating of the built and operated accounting unit. The carbon emissions in the demolition stage mainly include the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumption of mechanical demolition, manual demolition, and transportation of construction waste, and the accounting method is similar to that in the construction stage.

[0068] Step two: Identify three scopes of emissions in the whole process of urban construction. As shown in Table 2, Scope 1 is all direct carbon emissions within the administrative boundaries of the city, such as coal, oil, etc. Scope 2 is indirect emissions related to imported electricity and heat consumed by activities within the administrative boundaries of the city. Scope 3 is other indirect emissions caused by activities within the administrative boundaries of the city, generated outside the boundaries but not included in Scope 2, such as material embodied emissions, etc. In this method, only the embodied emissions of major building materials (steel, cement, etc.) are considered.

[0069] Table 2

[0070]

[0071] Step three: Based on actual management needs, data precision, etc., select the most suitable level of the three levels of accounting constructed by this methodology for accounting. The first level focuses on the entire department system of the city, and assesses the overall carbon emission level of the city through the overall statistical data of the department level. The second level serves specific regions / industries, identifies regional / industrial emission data, and helps develop regional emission reduction strategies. The third level is suitable for micro-level, and conducts detailed carbon emission assessment and accounting for specific construction projects and tools. Three levels of standards are defined in terms of accounting methods, and users can choose different levels of accounting methods according to the decision tree.

[0072] Under the definition of the scope of step one, the six scopes of urban construction are divided into three levels.

[0073] The level division of the construction department is shown in Table 3: Figure 2 The first level classification is divided into two categories according to the building nature: public buildings and residential buildings. The second level classification divides public buildings into office buildings, commercial buildings, tourist buildings, science and education buildings, communication buildings; and residential buildings into urban residential buildings and rural residential buildings. The third level classification is the building monomer under each type, which is further divided into office buildings, government office buildings, shopping malls, financial buildings, tourist hotels, cultural buildings, educational buildings, medical buildings, postal and communication buildings, single-family independent houses, multi-family row houses / small high-rise residential buildings, high-rise residential buildings / residential complexes, scattered independent residential buildings, centralized household type rural communities, and new rural communities.

[0074] The level division of the energy department is shown in Table 4: Figure 3As shown: From the perspective of energy production, the first level is classified as primary energy production and energy processing and utilization (secondary energy production); the second level subdivides energy production by primary energy type (coal, oil, natural gas, non-fossil energy, etc.) and the production form of traditional coal-fired power, photovoltaic power, hydropower, nuclear power, etc. that converts primary energy into secondary energy (electricity); the third level includes specific energy collection systems and power generation facilities and the construction and operation process of the plant related to energy production.

[0075] The hierarchical division of the municipal department is as shown: Figure 4 As shown: The first level is divided according to the city's municipal functions, including water supply and drainage, gas, heating, lighting, and waste disposal systems. The second level covers the types of municipal infrastructure under each system, including water supply facilities, rainwater facilities, sewage facilities, natural gas facilities, liquefied petroleum gas facilities, artificial gas facilities, fossil energy heating facilities, non-fossil energy heating facilities, functional lighting facilities, landscape lighting facilities, garbage collection and transfer facilities, and garbage centralized treatment facilities. The third level specifies each type of municipal infrastructure, including waterworks, municipal water supply pipe network, municipal rainwater pipe network, rainwater pumping station, municipal sewage pipe network, sewage treatment plant, etc.

[0076] The hierarchical division of the transportation department is as shown: Figure 5 As shown: The first level is divided according to the mode of transportation into five categories: road, waterway, air, rail, and pipeline. The second level considers the vehicles and transportation infrastructure under each type of transportation. The third level classifies specific tools / facilities.

[0077] The hierarchical division of the industrial department is as shown: Figure 6 As shown: The first level classifies each industrial sector (except for the energy sector) into large categories. The second level classifies industrial enterprises into types such as steel enterprises, cement enterprises, and petrochemical enterprises. The third level classifies the production systems of industrial products and the industrial plant construction related to production activities.

[0078] The hierarchical division of the blue-green department is as shown: Figure 7 As shown: Unlike other departments, the blue-green department considers both the carbon absorption of natural carbon sinks (forests, grasslands, etc.) and the negative carbon effects of artificial blue-green infrastructure within the region. Therefore, the first level of the city's blue-green department can be divided into carbon sinks and carbon emissions. The second level divides carbon sinks into green carbon sinks and blue carbon sinks based on the source of carbon absorption; carbon emissions are divided into garden roads and paved sites, management buildings, tourist service facilities, and green garden sites based on the type of garden construction project. The third level of carbon sinks is divided based on the type of green vegetation and blue space; carbon emissions are further subdivided into garden facilities.

[0079] Step 4: Taking the planning stage as an example, select the most suitable level of accounting based on the data availability of the accounting object.

[0080] Building Department

[0081] The accounting method of the first level of the planning stage of the construction department has very limited information about the materials and energy consumption of the construction project. The available data include the area of the building, material information, etc. The scope 1-3 of the first level method is reflected in the emission factor "carbon emissions per unit building area". However, since the first level is a calculation method for the entire construction department, the emission factor cannot be directly calculated and needs to be obtained by weight distribution according to the type-specific emission factor of the second level. In the calculation of the emission factor, scope 1 and scope 2 include the direct and indirect emissions of type-specific buildings in the construction, management (operation, updating, and demolition) stages; scope 3 is obtained by adding the carbon emissions generated by the external adjustment of building materials in the construction of all buildings in the second level.

[0082]

[0083] In the formula: C 建筑 is the total carbon emissions of the construction department within the accounting period; Q 建筑,i is the carbon emissions per unit area of public / residential buildings within the accounting period; A 建筑,i is the planning area.

[0084] The second level of the construction department mainly subdivides the building types into public buildings (office buildings, commercial buildings, science and education buildings, communication buildings, tourism buildings, transportation buildings, and other buildings) and residential buildings (urban buildings and rural buildings). The scope 1-3 of the second level method of the planning stage is also reflected in the emission factor "carbon emissions of the i-th energy". In the calculation of the emission factor, scope 1 and scope 2 include the direct and indirect emissions of type-specific buildings in the construction, management (operation, updating, and demolition) stages; scope 3 is consistent with the carbon emissions generated by the external adjustment of building materials in the construction of various types of buildings in the third level. The specific reference value of the emission factor needs to be calculated according to the existing specific type of building construction.

[0085]

[0086] In the formula: Q 建筑,j is the carbon emissions per unit area of j-type buildings within the accounting period; A 建筑,j is the planning area of j-type buildings.

[0087] The level three method is mainly aimed at single construction projects or small-scale building construction projects, and is oriented towards detailed scale research that can obtain specific building construction information. The building in level three considers the emissions caused by energy consumption in the construction, management (operation, updating, and demolition) process (scope one, scope two) + emissions caused by the external adjustment of key materials such as steel, cement, concrete, and glass during the construction process (scope three) + energy consumption emissions during the transportation of key materials from the city boundary to the specific enterprise boundary (scope one). In the calculation formula, scope three is mainly based on material usage to distinguish between local production and external production with the city as the boundary. The production system only includes the emissions scope one and two caused by energy consumption in the production process, without scope three. In the planning stage calculation, the product output obtained from each process is multiplied by the corresponding process emission factor to calculate.

[0088]

[0089] In the formula: Q 建筑,k is the carbon emission per unit area of k type building in the accounting period; A 建筑,k is the planning area of k type building.

[0090] Energy sector

[0091] The level one of the energy sector in the planning stage includes energy exploration and energy processing and transformation. In the calculation of level one, there is no distinction between energy types. The activity data is the total amount of energy, and the emission factor is also in the form of total amount. The easily accessible data for the energy exploration process in the planning stage is the predicted amount of energy exploration, and the easily accessible data for the energy processing and transformation process is the predicted amount of power generation in power plants. Therefore, the emission factor corresponds to the activity level data. The scope one, two, and three of the level one method are reflected in the emission factors "carbon dioxide emissions per unit of exploration" and "carbon dioxide emissions per unit of power generation". However, since level one is a measurement method for the entire energy sector, the emission factor cannot be directly calculated and needs to be obtained by weighted allocation according to the level two type-specific emission factors. In the calculation of the emission factor, scope one and scope two include the direct and indirect emissions of type-specific energy exploration and type-specific power plants in the construction, management (operation, updating, and demolition) stages in level two; scope three is obtained by adding the carbon emissions caused by the external adjustment of building materials in all building construction in level two.

[0092] E 能源 = Q 开采 × EF 开采 + Q 利用 × EF 利用

[0093] In the formula: E 能源 is the total carbon emission of the energy sector in the accounting period; Q 开采 is the predicted amount of energy exploration, EF 开采 is the carbon dioxide emission per unit of exploration, and Q利用 EF is the projected electricity generation of the power plant. 利用 EF is the projected electricity generation of the power plant.

[0094] The level two of the energy sector classifies the energy extraction and energy processing and transformation, where the energy extraction is classified by energy type, including coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass, and the energy processing and transformation is classified by the energy type of the generated electricity, including thermal power, photovoltaic power, nuclear power, wind power, hydro power, and geothermal power. The activity data available at level two is the projected extraction of the sub-type energy and the projected electricity generation of the sub-type power plant, and the emission factor is also represented by the specific type of energy / power plant. The scope of the level two method in the planning stage is also reflected in the emission factor "the carbon dioxide emission of i type of energy extraction and j type of power plant per unit of electricity generation". In the calculation of the emission factor, the scope one and scope two include the direct and indirect emissions of the sub-type energy extraction and sub-type power plant in the construction, management (operation, updating, and demolition) stage; the scope three and the carbon emissions of the construction of various types of plant buildings in level three are consistent. The specific emission factor reference value needs to be calculated according to the specific type of energy extraction project and the specific type of power plant construction.

[0095]

[0096] wherein Q 开采,i EF is the projected electricity generation of the power plant. 开采,i EF is the projected electricity generation of the power plant. 加工,j EF is the projected electricity generation of the power plant. 加工,j EF is the projected electricity generation of the power plant.

[0097] The level three classifies the energy production and processing utilization of each type into two parts, i.e. the plant building and the production system, where the plant building is the factory building related to energy production and processing (the plant building part is the separate accounting of the construction material emissions), and the production system is the process / flow of energy production and processing utilization. The plant building in level three considers the emissions caused by energy consumption in the construction, management (operation, updating, and demolition) process (scope one and scope two) + the emissions of the key materials of steel, cement, concrete, and glass that are externally transported during the construction process + the energy consumption emissions of the key materials transported from the city boundary to the specific enterprise boundary (scope three), where the scope three is mainly based on the material usage to distinguish the production in the city and the production outside the city with the city as the boundary. The production system only includes the emissions caused by energy consumption in the production process, i.e. scope one and scope two, without scope three, and in the calculation in the planning stage, the product output of each process is multiplied by the corresponding process emission factor.

[0098] E 能源 =∑(E 开采厂房,i+E 勘采系统,i )+∑(E 加工厂房,j +E 发电设施,j )

[0099]

[0100] In the formula: E 开采厂房,i E represents the total emissions from the construction of Class i energy extraction plants. 勘采系统,i E represents the total emissions from the operation of the exploration and extraction systems of a Class i energy extraction plant. 加工厂房,j E represents the total emissions from the construction of Class J energy processing plants. 发电设施,j Q represents the total emissions from the operation of power generation facilities during the processing of Class j energy. 本地,k Q represents the estimated usage of k types of building materials produced in this city during the construction of a Class i energy extraction plant. 外调,k L represents the estimated usage of k types of building materials not produced in this city during the construction of a Class i energy extraction plant. 本地,k L represents the transportation distance from the production site to the construction site of k types of building materials produced in this city for the construction of type i factory buildings. 外调,k For the transportation distance of k types of building materials not produced in this city from their place of origin to the construction site in the construction of type i factory buildings, EF k Let IQ be the emission factor for k building materials. 柴油 For diesel vehicles, EF 柴油 Q is the carbon emission factor for diesel fuel. b EF represents the estimated usage of type b construction machinery shifts in the construction of type i energy extraction plants. b Q is the emission factor for the energy consumption of type b construction machinery during the construction of type i energy extraction plants. l For the projected energy consumption of type i energy extraction plant during operation, EF l The emission factor of energy l during the operation of a Class i energy extraction plant.

[0101] Municipal departments

[0102] Level 1 method

[0103] E 市政行业 =E 供排水 +E 燃气 +E 供热 +E 照明 +E 垃圾处理

[0104] E 供排水 =(Q 制水 ×D 制水 +Q 配水 ×D 配水 )×EF 电力 +(Q 处理 ×D 处理 +Q 排水×D 排水 )

[0105] ×EF 电力

[0106] wherein: E 市政行业 is the total carbon emissions of the municipal sector within the accounting period, E 供排水 is the carbon dioxide emissions from water supply and drainage in the municipal sector, E 燃气 is the carbon dioxide emissions from gas transmission and distribution in the municipal sector, E 供热 is the carbon dioxide emissions from heat supply production and transmission in the municipal sector, E 照明 is the carbon dioxide emissions from lighting activities in the municipal sector, E 垃圾处理 is the carbon dioxide emissions from waste disposal activities in the municipal sector, Q 制水 is the total amount of water produced in the water production part of the water supply system, D 制水 is the unit power consumption of water production in the water production part of the water supply system, Q 配水 is the total amount of water transported in the water distribution part of the water supply system, D 配水 is the unit power consumption of water distribution in the water distribution part of the water supply system, Q 处理 is the total amount of sewage treatment in the sewage treatment part of the drainage system, D 处理 is the unit power consumption of sewage treatment in the sewage treatment part of the drainage system, D 排水 is the total amount of water discharged in the water discharge part of the drainage system, D 电力 is the unit power consumption of water discharge in the water discharge part of the drainage system, EF i is the annual average carbon dioxide emission factor of power supply;

[0107]

[0108] wherein: Q i is the total amount of natural gas / liquefied petroleum gas / artificial gas supplied annually, D 电力 is the unit power consumption of natural gas / liquefied petroleum gas / artificial gas supply, EF 供热 is the annual average carbon dioxide emission factor of power supply;

[0109] E 化石供热 = E 非化石供热

[0110] wherein: E 供热 is the carbon dioxide emissions from heat supply production and transmission in the municipal sector; E 化石供热 is the carbon dioxide emissions from fossil energy heat supply production and transmission in the municipal sector;

[0111] E 照明 = Q 城市照明用电量 × EF 电力

[0112] Wherein: Q 城市照明用电量 is the urban lighting electricity consumption, EF 电力 is the annual average power supply carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0113] E 垃圾处理 = Q 垃圾清运量 × EF 垃圾处理

[0114] Wherein: Q 垃圾清运量 is the urban annual garbage disposal amount, EF 垃圾处理 is the carbon emission factor for disposing per unit weight of garbage;

[0115] The level two accounting method of the municipal department planning stage is calculated according to the following formula:

[0116] E 市政行业 = E 供排水 + E 燃气 + E 供热 + E 照明 + E 垃圾处理

[0117]

[0118] Wherein: N is the number of water supply plants in the planning area, M is the number of sewage plants in the planning area, Q 制水i is the water supply amount of i water supply plant in the planning area, D 制水i is the unit power consumption for water production of i water supply plant in the planning area, Q 处理j is the sewage treatment amount of j sewage treatment plant in the planning area, D 处理j is the unit power consumption for water production of j sewage plant in the planning area, IE 配水 is the carbon dioxide emission amount per ton of water distribution in the water distribution part of the water supply system, Q 配水 is the total amount of water transported in the water distribution part of the water supply system, IE 排水 is the carbon dioxide emission amount per ton of water treated in the water drainage part of the drainage system, Q 排水 is the total amount of water drained in the water drainage part of the drainage system, EF 电力 is the annual average power supply carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0119] E 燃气 = E 天然气 + E 液化石油气 + E 人工煤气

[0120] E 天然气 = (Q 天然气居民 + Q 天然气商业 + Q 天然气工业 + Q 天然气供热供冷 + Q 天然气汽车 + Q 天然气发电 ) × D 天然气 × EF电力

[0121] In the formula: E 天然气 is the total annual carbon emissions of natural gas supply in the municipal field, E 液化石油气 is the total annual carbon emissions of liquefied petroleum gas supply in the municipal field, E 人工煤气 is the total annual carbon emissions of artificial gas supply in the municipal field, Q 天然气 is the total annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution in the municipal field, Q 天然气居民 is the annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution for residential users in the municipal field, Q 天然气商业 is the annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution for commercial users in the municipal field, Q 天然气工业 is the annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution for industrial users in the municipal field, Q 天然气供热供冷 is the annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution for heating and cooling users in the municipal field, Q 天然气汽车 is the annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution for automobile users in the municipal field, Q 天然气发电 is the annual gas supply of natural gas transmission and distribution for power generation users in the municipal field;

[0122] E 液化石油气 = Q 液化石油气 × D 液化石油气 × EF 电力

[0123]

[0124] In the formula: P 液化石油气居民j is the number of liquefied petroleum gas supply for residential users in the jth plot group of the planning, B 液化石油气居民j is the liquefied petroleum gas life gas consumption index for residential users in the jth plot group of the planning, S 液化石油气商业 is the percentage of liquefied petroleum gas supply for commercial users in the municipal field, Q 液化石油气居民 is the total annual gas supply of liquefied petroleum gas for residential users, S 液化石油气工业 is the percentage of liquefied petroleum gas supply for industrial users in the municipal field, D 液化石油气 is the unit liquefied petroleum gas supply power consumption;

[0125] E 人工煤气 = Q 天然气 × S 人工煤气 % × D 人工煤气 × EF 电力

[0126] In the formula: S 人工煤气 is the percentage of artificial gas supply in the municipal field, D 人工煤气 is the unit artificial gas supply power consumption, EF 电力 is the annual average power supply carbon dioxide emission factor;

[0127] E 供热 =E 化石燃烧供热 +E 化石供热热源电力 +E 外购热力 +E 化石供热热网电力 +E 非化石供热热源电力

[0128] +E 非化石供热热网电力

[0129] In the formula: E 化石燃烧供热 Direct carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion at the heat source portion of fossil fuel heating; E 化石供热热源电力 Indirect carbon dioxide emissions from the energy source portion of fossil fuel heating, generated through electricity consumption in the equipment; E 外购热力 Indirect carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel heating, specifically from the purchase of heat at the heat source; E 化石供热热网电力 Indirect carbon dioxide emissions generated by the power consumption of equipment in the heat network transmission and distribution section for heating from fossil fuels;

[0130] The calculations for lighting and waste disposal are the same as for Level 1.

[0131] During the municipal planning stage, since it is impossible to specify the emission stage down to the factory building, and the activity data of the emission of components in the production system and auxiliary production system are difficult to obtain and determine, the third-level calculation is no longer performed.

[0132] Transportation Department

[0133] The carbon emission pre-assessment in the planning phase of the transportation sector mainly involves estimating the carbon emissions of proposed transportation infrastructure and vehicle operation through a systematic approach. This process considers potential carbon emissions during the construction and operation phases, including material production and transportation, building construction, land use change, vehicle use, maintenance, and management, among other aspects.

[0134] The accounting for level one of the transportation department is calculated using the following formula, with each part obtained by summing the components from level two:

[0135] E 交通 =E 道路 +E 水运 +E 航空 +E 轨道 +E 管道

[0136] The calculation method for Level 2 of the road traffic planning stage is as follows:

[0137] E 道路 =E 道路基础设施 +E 道路交通工具

[0138] In the formula: E 道路 It is road carbon emissions, E 道路基础设施is the carbon emission of road infrastructure, E 道路交通工具 is the carbon emission of road vehicles;

[0139]

[0140] wherein: L i is the annual road construction mileage, E i is the carbon emission factor per unit of construction mileage, i is the road type;

[0141]

[0142] wherein: L i is the annual road maintenance mileage, E i is the carbon emission factor per unit of maintenance mileage;

[0143]

[0144] wherein: L i is the annual road demolition mileage, E i is the carbon emission factor per unit of demolition mileage;

[0145] E 道路交通工具运行 = W i L i α i

[0146] wherein: W i is the weight of freight transportation, L i is the distance of transportation, α i is the carbon emission coefficient per unit of turnover;

[0147] The accounting method for the second level of water transportation is according to the formula:

[0148] E 水运 = E 水运基础设施 + E 水运交通工具

[0149] wherein: E 水运 is the carbon emission of water transportation, E 水运基础设施 is the carbon emission of water transportation infrastructure, E 水运交通工具 is the carbon emission of water transportation vehicles;

[0150] E 水运基础设施施工 = L 航道 × EF 航道建设里程 + Q 港口 × EF 港口施工

[0151] wherein: E 水运基础设施施工 is the carbon emission of water transportation infrastructure construction, L 航道 is the mileage of waterway construction, EF 航道建设里程Q is the carbon emission per unit of waterway construction, Q 港口 EF is the number of completed ports, 港口施工 Q is the carbon emission per unit of port construction;

[0152] E 水运基础设施运营 = L 航道 × EF 航道运营 + Q 港口 × EF 港口运营

[0153] E 水运基础设施运营 is the carbon emission of waterway operation, L 航道 is the total length of waterways, EF 航道运营 is the carbon emission per unit of waterway operation, Q 港口 is the number of ports, EF 港口施工 is the carbon emission per unit of port operation;

[0154] E 水运交通工具运行 = W 货物 × EF 货物 + W 旅客 × EF 旅客

[0155] E 水运交通工具运行 is the carbon emission of waterway operation, W 货物 is the freight turnover, EF 货物 is the freight turnover emission factor, W 旅客 is the passenger turnover, EF 旅客 is the passenger turnover emission factor;

[0156] The accounting method for the second level of air transportation is shown in formula

[0157] E 航空 = E 航空基础设施 + E 航空交通工具

[0158] E 航空 is the carbon emission of air transportation, E 航空基础设施 is the carbon emission of air infrastructure, E 航空交通工具 is the carbon emission of air vehicles;

[0159] E 航运基础设施 = I × EF i

[0160] E 航空基础设施 is the carbon emission of air infrastructure, I is the fixed asset investment in units of ten thousand yuan, EF i is the emission factor per unit of fixed asset investment;

[0161] E 航空交通工具运行 = W 货物 × EF货物 +W 旅客 ×EF 旅客

[0162] In the formula: E 航空交通工具运行 It is the carbon emissions from the operation of air transport vehicles, W 货物 It refers to freight turnover, EF 货物 W is the emission factor for freight turnover. 旅客 It is passenger turnover, EF 旅客 Passenger turnover emission factor;

[0163] The calculation method for Level 2 rail transit is as follows:

[0164] E 轨道 =E 轨道基础设施 +E 轨道交通工具

[0165] In the formula: E 轨道 It is the carbon emissions from orbit, E 铁路基础设施 It is the carbon emissions from railway infrastructure, E 铁路交通工具 It refers to the carbon emissions of railway transportation.

[0166] E 轨道基础设施 =I×EF i

[0167] In the formula: E 轨道基础设施 This represents carbon emissions from rail infrastructure, where I is fixed asset investment, expressed in ten thousand yuan. EF i It is the emission factor per unit of fixed asset investment;

[0168] E 轨道交通工具运行 =W 货物 ×EF 货物 +W 旅客 ×EF 旅客

[0169] In the formula: E 轨道交通工具运行 It is the carbon emissions from the operation of rail transit vehicles, W 货物 It refers to freight turnover, EF 货物 W is the emission factor for freight turnover. 旅客 It is passenger turnover, EF 旅客 Emissions factor for passenger turnover.

[0170] The accounting method for pipeline traffic level one is as follows:

[0171] E 管道 =E 管道基础设施 +E 管道交通工具

[0172] In the formula: E 管道 It is the carbon emissions from pipelines, E 管道基础设施E is the carbon emissions of pipeline infrastructure, E 管道交通工具 E is the carbon emissions of pipeline vehicles;

[0173]

[0174] E = I x EF 管道设施 E is the carbon emissions of pipeline construction, i is the type of pipeline, L i E is the mileage of pipeline i construction, EF i EF is the emission factor per unit of pipeline construction mileage;

[0175]

[0176] E = I x EF 管道运行 E is the carbon emissions of pipeline operation, i is each type of oil and gas, such as refined oil, natural gas, and other gases, T i E is the transportation volume of each type of oil and gas i, in tons, EF i EF is the emission factor for pipeline oil (gas) transportation volume;

[0177] E 管道基础设施 = I x EF i

[0178] E = I x EF 管道基础设施 E is the carbon emissions of rail infrastructure, I is fixed asset investment, EF i EF is the emission factor per unit of fixed asset investment;

[0179] The accounting method of level three is refined to specific types of road infrastructure and specific calculations of vehicles. Taking road transportation as an example:

[0180] E 道路基础设施 = E 高速公路 + E 一级道路 + E 二级道路 + E 三级道路 + E 四级道路

[0181] E = I x EF 道路基础设施 E is the carbon emissions of road infrastructure, E 高速公路 E is the carbon emissions of expressways, E 一级道路 E is the carbon emissions of first-class roads, E 二级道路 E is the carbon emissions of second-class roads, E 三级道路 E is the carbon emissions of third-class roads, E 四级道路 E is the carbon emissions of fourth-class roads;

[0182]

[0183] E = I x EF Carbon emission of road infrastructure construction material consumption process, n is the type of road infrastructure, including expressway, first-class road, second-class road, third-class road, fourth-class road, q i Usage of raw material, e i Carbon emission coefficient of raw material production and processing, i is various raw materials, C trans Carbon emission in transportation engineering, E trans(i) Carbon emission factor of transportation vehicle transporting material i, W trans(i) Transportation quality of material i, D trans(i) Transportation distance of material i.

[0184]

[0185] In the formula: Carbon emission of road infrastructure construction process, n is the type of road infrastructure, including expressway, first-class road, second-class road, third-class road, fourth-class road, F id Diesel consumed by engineering i, F ig Gasoline consumed by engineering i, F ie Electricity consumed by engineering i, M d Carbon emission coefficient of diesel, M g Carbon emission coefficient of gasoline, M e Carbon emission coefficient of electricity.

[0186]

[0187] In the formula: Carbon emission of road infrastructure maintenance process, n is the type of road infrastructure, including expressway, first-class road, second-class road, third-class road, fourth-class road, q i Usage of raw material, e i Carbon emission coefficient of raw material production and processing, i is various raw materials. F f Carbon emission coefficient of unit shift energy consumption of machinery f, M f Shift energy consumption of machinery f, S f Shift number of maintenance machinery f, f is various construction machinery used in road maintenance process.

[0188]

[0189] In the formula: Carbon emission of road infrastructure operation process, including various service areas, management centers and other facilities along the line, n is the type of road infrastructure, including expressway, first-class road, second-class road, third-class road, fourth-class road, q i Number of equipment i, ω i Equipment power, βi Carbon emission factor for equipment type i.

[0190]

[0191] Where: Carbon emission for road infrastructure demolition process, n is the type of road infrastructure, divided into freeway, primary road, secondary road, tertiary road, and quaternary road, F i Carbon emission factor for mechanical i unit of platform consumption energy, M i Energy consumption of mechanical i per shift, S i Number of shifts of mechanical i during demolition process, i is various construction machinery used in road demolition process, C trans Carbon emission for transporting engineering waste to recycling station during demolition process;

[0192]

[0193] Where: Eroad vehicle is the total carbon emission of road vehicles, E i Total carbon emission of vehicle i, including passenger car, truck, special operation vehicle, motorcycle, and wheeled special vehicle;

[0194] Industrial sector

[0195] Tier 1 method

[0196]

[0197] Where: E 工业 Total carbon emission of industrial sector within accounting time; Q i Number of i type industrial industries; EF i Average annual carbon dioxide emission of i type industry;

[0198] Tier 2 method

[0199] E 工业 =∑Q i,j ×EF i,j

[0200] Where: Q i,j Number of j type enterprises under i industrial industry; EF i,j Average annual carbon dioxide emission of j type enterprises under i industrial industry;

[0201] Tier 3 method

[0202] E 工业 =∑(IE j ×S j +Q 产品,j ×EF 产品,j )

[0203] In the formula: IE j S represents the carbon dioxide emissions per unit area of ​​a factory producing product j; j Q represents the factory floor area for producing product j; 产品,j For the projected production volume of product class j; EF 产品,j Emissions per unit output of product type j;

[0204] Blue and Green Departments

[0205] Carbon sequestration in blue-green spaces:

[0206] During the urban planning phase, Level 1 employs the carbon sink coefficient method to assess the carbon sink capacity of green and blue spaces. By estimating the area of ​​vegetation-covered areas (green spaces) and water bodies (blue spaces) in the future city and applying scientifically determined carbon sink coefficients, the potential contribution of these ecological spaces to reducing carbon emissions is predicted. Considering carbon sinks from the early planning stages helps decision-makers optimize urban layout, enhance the city's ecological resilience, and provide data support for achieving sustainable development goals.

[0207] C 碳汇 =S 绿地 ×e 绿地 +S 水体 ×e 水体

[0208] In the formula: C 碳汇 S represents the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed in the carbon sink dimension. 绿地 Let i be the area of ​​the green space, and e be the area of ​​the green space. 绿地 S represents the carbon sequestration capacity coefficient of green spaces. 水体 Let i be the area of ​​the blue space, and e be the area of ​​the blue space. 水体 The carbon sequestration capacity coefficient of blue space;

[0209] The second-level method, the carbon sink coefficient method, for calculating green space carbon sinks refers to multiplying the area of ​​the specific green space type under study by a recognized carbon sink coefficient to obtain the total carbon sink of the corresponding green space (such as forest land) within the study area each year. Then, for all green space types within the study area, the total carbon sink within the study area is calculated according to the authoritative carbon sink coefficient of each type.

[0210] C 碳汇 =∑(S i类碳汇空间 ×e i类碳汇空间 )

[0211] In the formula: C 碳汇 S represents the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed in the carbon sink dimension. i Let e ​​be the area of ​​carbon sink space of type i. i The carbon sequestration capacity of carbon sequestration space of type i;

[0212] The third level method uses the Invest carbon storage module to calculate the carbon storage of urban blue-green space:

[0213] C i = C i_above + C i_below + C i_soil + C i_dead

[0214]

[0215] In the formula: C i represents the carbon storage capacity of the i-th land use category, C i_above represents the carbon storage capacity of the above-ground biomass of the i-th land use category, C i_above represents the carbon density of the underground biomass of the i-th land use category, C i_soil represents the soil carbon density of the i-th land use category, C i_dead represents the carbon density of the dead organic matter of the i-th land use category, C total represents the total carbon storage, n represents the number of land use categories, C i represents the carbon storage capacity of the i-th land use category, S i represents the area of the i-th wetland category.

[0216] Garden engineering carbon emissions:

[0217] At the first level, the carbon emission coefficient method is used as the calculation method for garden engineering carbon emissions. The construction area of urban landscaping is multiplied by the corresponding unit carbon emission coefficient to quickly estimate the total carbon emissions of the project. This method is simple and clear, and is convenient for predicting and controlling carbon emissions in the planning stage.

[0218] C 碳排 = S 园林绿化 × e 园林绿化

[0219] In the formula: C 碳排 is the total carbon dioxide emissions, S 园林绿化 is the area of landscaping, e 园林绿化 is the carbon emission capacity of the landscaping project.

[0220] According to the classification of "GB 51192-2016 Park Design Specification", the normalized carbon emission coefficient of garden road paving, management building, tour service facility, and landscaping garden can be obtained respectively, and the total carbon emission can be calculated according to the area method.

[0221] C 碳排 = ∑(S i类碳排空间 × e i类碳排空间 )

[0222] In the formula: C 碳排S i类碳排空间 i is the area of the i-th carbon emission space, e i类碳排空间 is the carbon sink capacity of the i-th carbon emission space;

[0223] In the planning stage, the level two carbon emission calculation of landscape engineering focuses on the life cycle assessment of landscape engineering. This method starts from the total material consumption and the carbon emissions of the construction process to account for the carbon emissions of landscape engineering.

[0224] The carbon emissions of the construction stage of landscape engineering are equal to the sum of the carbon emissions of material production and the carbon emissions of construction:

[0225] C js = C sc + C jc

[0226] In the formula: C js is the carbon emissions of the construction stage of landscape engineering, C sc is the carbon emissions of material production, and C jc is the carbon emissions of construction;

[0227] The carbon emissions of material production are calculated based on the construction material data in the bill of quantities:

[0228]

[0229] In the formula: M i is the consumption quantity of the i-th main material, and F i is the carbon emission factor of the i-th main material;

[0230] The carbon emissions of construction are calculated based on the mechanical station data in the bill of quantities:

[0231]

[0232] In the formula: T i is the usage quantity of the i-th machine, and CE i is the carbon emissions of one station of the i-th machine, i.e., the station carbon emission factor;

[0233] The carbon emissions of landscape engineering in the construction and maintenance stage mainly consider the construction quantity of the project:

[0234] C yh = ∑(T × Q 柴油 × C 柴油 + T × Q 汽油 × C 汽油 )

[0235] In the formula: C yh is the carbon emissions generated in the maintenance stage, Q 柴油Q represents the amount of diesel fuel consumed each time. 汽油 C represents the amount of gasoline consumed per trip. 柴油 C is the carbon emission factor of diesel fuel. 汽油 Let T be the carbon emission factor for gasoline and diesel, and T be the number of times each management measure is implemented.

[0236] During the planning stage, the calculation of carbon emissions for the third level of landscape engineering takes into account the specific engineering of each component and uses the corresponding mechanical and material data for accurate calculation.

[0237] Raw material processing, mining, and transportation stages:

[0238] C YL =C sc +C ys

[0239]

[0240] In the formula: C sc For carbon emissions from the production process of raw materials / landscape materials, C ys For carbon emissions during the transportation of raw materials / landscape materials, M i F represents the consumption of the i-th primary raw material / landscape material. i Let D be the carbon emission factor of the i-th main raw material / landscape material. i Let T be the average transportation distance of the i-th type of raw material / landscape material. i is the carbon emission factor per unit weight of transportation distance under the transportation mode of the i-th type of raw material / landscape material; the meanings of other parameters are the same as before.

[0241] Landscape material production and transportation stages:

[0242] C CL =C sc +C ys

[0243]

[0244] In the formula: C sc For carbon emissions from the production process of raw materials / landscape materials, C ys For carbon emissions during the transportation of raw materials / landscape materials, M i For the consumption of the i-th main raw material / landscape material, F i Let D be the carbon emission factor of the i-th main raw material / landscape material. i Let T be the average transportation distance of the i-th type of raw material / landscape material. i For the transportation method of the i-th raw material / landscape material, the carbon emission factor per unit weight of transportation distance;

[0245] On-site fabrication stage of components:

[0246]

[0247] C = C XC C = C i C = C i C = C

[0248] Construction / Installation and Planting Stage:

[0249] C = C SG C = C fx C = C cx

[0250]

[0251] C = C SG C = C fx C = C cx C = C i,j C = C j C = C A-i,j C = C

[0252] Landscape Routine Operation Stage:

[0253]

[0254] C = C YX C = C i C = C i C = C

[0255] Plant Maintenance Stage:

[0256]

[0257] C = C YH C = C A-i C = C i C = C

[0258] Landscape Maintenance Stage:

[0259]

[0260] wherein: C WH is the carbon emission of the landscape maintenance phase, C YL is the carbon emission of the extraction, processing and transportation of raw materials for the i-th maintenance project of the landscape per unit number of times, C CL is the carbon emission of the production and transportation of landscape materials for the i-th maintenance project of the landscape per unit number of times, C XC is the carbon emission of the on-site processing of construction components for the i-th maintenance project of the landscape per unit number of times, C SG is the carbon emission of the construction / installation and planting for the i-th maintenance project of the landscape per unit number of times, RQ i is the number of maintenance times of the i-th maintenance project of the landscape life cycle;

[0261] Landscape renovation phase:

[0262]

[0263] wherein: C GX is the carbon emission of the landscape renovation phase, C CC is the carbon emission of the demolition for the i-th renovation project of the landscape per unit number of times, C YL is the carbon emission of the extraction, processing and transportation of raw materials for the i-th renovation project of the landscape per unit number of times,

[0264] C CL is the carbon emission of the production and transportation of landscape materials for the i-th renovation project of the landscape per unit number of times, C XC is the carbon emission of the on-site processing of construction components for the i-th renovation project of the landscape per unit number of times, C SG is the carbon emission of the construction / installation and planting for the i-th renovation project of the landscape per unit number of times, RK i is the number of renovation times of the i-th renovation project of the landscape;

[0265] Landscape demolition phase:

[0266]

[0267] wherein: C CC is the carbon emission of the landscape demolition phase, L i is the total energy consumption of the i-th type of energy, CL i is the carbon emission factor of the i-th type of energy.

[0268] Finally, it should be noted that the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. While the preferred embodiments of the application have been described, additional variants and modifications can occur to those skilled in the art once advised of the essential inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such variants and modifications that fall within the scope of the application.

[0269] The above embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present application, which is described in more detail and specifically, but it should not be understood as a limitation to the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical concept of the present application, which are all within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A whole-process and full-coverage carbon emission statistics and accounting method for urban construction, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: divide the full-coverage departments of urban construction carbon emission accounting, including building, energy, municipal, transportation, industry and blue-green six departments; wherein: The building department includes public buildings and residential buildings; The energy department includes primary energy exploitation and secondary energy processing and conversion; The municipal department covers water supply and drainage, gas, heating, lighting and waste treatment systems; The transportation department is divided into road, water transportation, aviation, rail and pipeline according to transportation mode; The industrial department includes other industrial departments except energy industry; The blue-green department is divided into carbon sink and garden engineering carbon emission; Divide the whole process of urban construction into planning, construction and management stages, wherein the management stage includes operation, update and demolition; Step 2: identify three ranges of carbon emissions: Range 1 is the direct carbon emission within the city boundary; Range 2 is the indirect emission related to the imported electricity and heat consumed by the activities within the city boundary; Range 3 is other indirect emissions caused by activities within the city boundary but generated outside the boundary, including building material implicit emissions; Step 3: build a three-level accounting hierarchy, including: First level: evaluate the total carbon emission of the city based on the overall statistical data of the department; Second level: carry out carbon emission accounting for the region or industry; Third level: carry out fine accounting for specific construction projects; According to the data availability and management needs, select the accounting level through the decision tree; Step 4: account for carbon emissions in each stage according to the selected level, including: In the planning stage, based on building type, energy exploitation, municipal facility scale, transportation infrastructure mileage, industrial capacity and blue-green space area, combined with emission factor for pre-evaluation; In the construction stage, account for direct emissions of construction activities and building material transportation and implicit emissions of building materials; In the management stage, calculate the energy consumption and material implicit emissions in the operation, update and demolition stages respectively.

2. The urban construction whole-process full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1: The pre-evaluation of the building department in the planning stage includes carbon emission prediction of building material production, transportation, construction energy consumption and operation energy consumption; The carbon sink accounting of the blue-green department includes the carbon absorption capacity of forest land, grassland and water area, and the carbon emission accounting includes the production and construction emission of garden engineering.

3. The urban construction whole-process full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-level accounting hierarchy of step 3: The accounting formula of the first level is the product of the total amount of department activities and the emission factor of unit activity level; The accounting formula of the second level is the weighted sum of the emissions of the subdivided types; The accounting formula of the third level includes the energy consumption of construction machinery, the transportation distance of building materials, the amount of building materials and the implicit carbon emission factor of local / external materials.

4. The urban construction whole-process full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the third level accounting: The range 3 emissions of the building department are calculated through the external quantity of steel, cement, concrete and glass; The range 3 emissions of the energy department include the transportation and production emissions of external building materials in plant construction; The infrastructure emissions of the transportation department are refined to the energy consumption of construction machinery and material transportation of road type.

5. The urban construction whole-process full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4: The carbon emission accounting of the municipal department includes the unit electricity consumption of water production, water distribution and sewage treatment of the water supply and drainage system, as well as the emission factors of gas, heating, lighting and waste treatment; Carbon emissions of industrial sectors are calculated by product output and emission factor per unit output, or estimated based on factory area and emission factor per unit area; Carbon sink capacity of blue-green sectors is calculated by carbon storage module, including carbon density of aboveground biomass, underground biomass, soil and dead organic matter.

6. The urban construction whole-process full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Carbon emissions of garden engineering of blue-green sectors are calculated, including: Material production, transportation and construction machinery emissions in construction phase; Energy consumption in operation phase and machinery and material emissions in maintenance phase; Material production, transportation and construction machinery emissions in update phase; Waste transportation energy consumption and machinery demolition emissions in demolition phase.

7. The urban construction whole-process full-caliber carbon emission statistics and accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method supports multi-scale accounting at city level, urban area level and park level, and realizes cross-regional carbon emission comparison through unified emission factor library and data standardization.

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