Breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of trachinotus ovatus

Abstract

The invention provides a culture method for improving intestinal immunity of trachinotus ovatus, which comprises the following steps: selecting a proper sea area, and laying a degradable microbial agent carrier containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria at the bottom of a net cage to optimize a culture environment; the fish fries are soaked and pretreated with a solution containing beta-glucan and the like before being put in, and the intestinal immune function of the fish fries is activated; staged bait strengthening is adopted in the breeding process, and specific formula bait is fed according to different day ages; the net cage is replaced and washed every 15-20 days, acousto-optic-water flow synergistic immunostimulation is carried out, natural ecological environment changes are simulated, and the stress capacity of the trachinotus ovatus is enhanced. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the intestinal immunity of the trachinotus ovatus is effectively enhanced, the survival rate is increased, the growth is promoted, the feed coefficient is reduced and a new way is provided for healthy culture of the trachinotus ovatus from a multi-dimensional synergistic effect of environment, nutrition and management.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a breeding method for improving the intestinal immune capacity of golden pompano. BACKGROUND

[0002] Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is an important marine fish species in southern China, known for its fast growth and delicious meat. Its breeding industry plays a significant role in the economy of the fishing industry. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale and intensification of the industry, the breeding process faces many challenges. Among them, the intestinal immune capacity of golden pompano is weak, making it vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria and environmental stress, leading to frequent diseases, slow growth, and low survival rate, which seriously hinders the sustainable development of the golden pompano breeding industry. Trachinotus ovatus Currently, traditional breeding methods for golden pompano mainly focus on water quality control and regular feed feeding, lacking targeted measures to improve the intestinal immune capacity of golden pompano. With the continuous expansion of the scale of intensive breeding of golden pompano, intestinal diseases frequently occur in high-density breeding environments, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the development of the industry. Some breeders blindly add antibiotics to prevent diseases in order to reduce disease risks, but this approach not only easily leads to drug residues in fish bodies, seriously affecting the quality and safety of aquatic products and threatening consumer health; long-term use of antibiotics also makes pathogenic bacteria resistant, forming a vicious cycle of "drug use-resistance-increasing drug dosage", further disrupting the ecological balance of breeding and exacerbating environmental pollution. In addition, the nutritional ratio of conventional feed does not fully consider the intestinal health needs of golden pompano, and the low nutrient absorption efficiency also indirectly weakens the immune function of fish.

[0003] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a scientific and effective breeding method to improve the intestinal immune capacity of golden pompano by optimizing the breeding environment, precise nutrition supply, and scientific management, so as to realize the healthy and efficient breeding of golden pompano and promote the sustainable development of the golden pompano industry.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application proposes a breeding method for improving the intestinal immune capacity of golden pompano to solve the above problems.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: a breeding method for improving the intestinal immune capacity of golden pompano, comprising the following steps: (a) Breeding environment optimization: selecting a sea area with good water quality and stable water flow, and laying degradable microbial agent carriers at the bottom of the net cage; (b) Fry pretreatment: before releasing the fry, the fry is soaked and treated, and released into the net cage, and the pore size of the net cage is smaller than the length of the fry; (c) Feeding reinforcement in stages: ​3-8 days old: feed 5-7 times a day with small-age feed, daily feeding amount is 2-5% of the weight of the fry; 8-15 days old: feed 3-5 times a day with middle-age feed, daily feeding amount is 10-15% of the weight of the fry; 15 days later: feed 2-4 times a day with adult fish feed, daily feeding amount is 18-25% of the weight of the fry; (d) Daily management and immune stimulation: clean the net cage and transfer the fry in the net cage to the fish pond for immune stimulation.

[0007] Further, the sea area water temperature is kept at 22-28℃ all year round, the salinity is maintained at 18-33, the seawater pH value is 7.5-8.5, the net cage with a size of 5m×5m×5m is placed at a water depth of 2.0-3.0m, and the sea area is ensured to have small wind and wave, sufficient water exchange, and flow rate control at 0.5-1.5m / s.

[0008] Further, the microbial agent carrier contains phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the ratio of the viable bacterial count of the three is (3-5):(2-3):1, and the total bacterial count load is 5×10 7 -1×10 8 CFU / particle carrier, the laying amount is 50-100g / m 2 of the bottom of the net cage, and the carrier is porous ceramsite with a particle size of 2-5mm.

[0009] Further, the soaking treatment in step (b) is to soak the fry in a solution containing β-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide and vitamin C phosphate for 15-20 minutes, and the concentrations of the three are 1-2g / L, 0.5-1g / L and 0.3-0.5g / L respectively, which can enhance the initial immunity of the fry, and the stocking density is 50-80 tails / m 3 .

[0010] Further, the small-age feed in step (c) is composed of the following raw materials: Artemia nauplii powder 30-50 parts, rotifer dry powder 20-30 parts, marine red yeast 10-20 parts, Schizochytrium sp. powder 8-12 parts, egg methionine 3-7 parts, squid liver powder 3-7 parts, fucoidan 5-10 parts, and lysozyme 0.5-2 parts. The lysozyme is extracted from egg white, and the enzyme activity is ≥50000U / mg. The small-age feed is ultra-micro ground to ≤20μm.

[0011] Further, the middle-age bait in step (c) comprises the following raw material composition: fish meal 20-40 parts, black soldier fly larvae powder 15-25 parts, krill powder 20-30 parts, soybean protein powder 10-20 parts, Antarctic krill oil 8-12 parts, wheat flour 10-15 parts, Clostridium butyricum 1-3 parts, beta-1, 3-glucan 0.5-1.5 parts, the Clostridium butyricum is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, and the middle-age bait is prepared by extrusion puffing and granulation, and the particle size is 0.3-0.5mm.

[0012] Further, the fish bait in step (c) comprises the following raw material composition: fish meal 40-50 parts, fermented soybean meal 15-25 parts, squid viscera powder 10-15 parts, corn gluten meal 8-12 parts, fish oil 5-10 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3-6 parts, Clostridium butyricum 2-5 parts, Bacillus subtilis 0.3-1.2 parts, chitooligosaccharide 2-5 parts, phytosterol ester 0.1-0.3 parts, capsaicin ester 0.02-0.04 parts, the Omega-3 of the fish oil is ≥25%, the viable bacterial count of the Clostridium butyricum is ≥3×10 8 CFU / g, the viable bacterial count of the Bacillus subtilis is ≥5×10 7 CFU / g, and the fish bait is prepared by high-temperature instant 120-150℃ for 20-40s to form a particle with a particle size of 2-4m.

[0013] Further, the net cage is cleaned every 15-20 days in step (d), and dead fish and bad fish are removed.

[0014] Further, the immune stimulation in step (d) is sound-light-water flow synergistic stimulation. Light: the blue-green light LED with a wavelength of 480-500nm is turned on at 9:00-11:00 in the morning to perform intermittent light irradiation for 60-120s with an interval of 10-30min; Sound wave: low-frequency sound waves are played synchronously during blue light LED irradiation, and the sound intensity is ≤100dB; Water flow: water flow stimulation is performed at 3:00-4:00 in the afternoon, and the flow rate is controlled to be 0.3-0.5m / s.

[0015] Further, the light intensity is 300-500lux, and the low-frequency sound wave is 100-200Hz.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: In terms of improving intestinal immunity, the microbial agent carrier laid in the optimization of the breeding environment improves the water quality through phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reduces the accumulation of harmful substances, and reduces the influence of environmental stress on intestinal immunity. In the fish fry soaking treatment, β-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide, and vitamin C phosphate activate the innate immunity of the fish fry and enhance the basis of intestinal immunity. In the stage-by-stage feed strengthening, the functional ingredients such as fucoidan, clostridium butyricum, and chitosan added in the feed at each stage continuously regulate the intestinal flora, enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, activate immune cells, and significantly improve the immune indexes such as intestinal lysozyme, sIgA, and SOD from the juvenile fish period to the adult fish period. The sound-light-water flow synergistic immune stimulation regulates the fish physiology and intestinal microecology through specific wavelength illumination, low-frequency sound waves, and water flow stimulation, and further strengthens the antioxidant and immune functions. In terms of growth performance, the method significantly improves the survival rate of golden pompano, which can reach more than 96%, significantly improves the specific growth rate, reduces the feed conversion ratio, effectively reduces feed waste, and reduces the breeding cost. At the same time, the whole breeding process does not depend on antibiotics, avoids drug residues, ensures the quality and safety of aquatic products, and maintains the ecological balance. The breeding method synergistically promotes from the environment, fry, nutrition, and management, comprehensively improves the intestinal immunity and health level of golden pompano, realizes the healthy and efficient breeding of golden pompano, has good economic, ecological and social benefits, and provides strong support for the sustainable development of golden pompano breeding industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to better understand the technical content of the present application, the following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present application.

[0018] The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present application are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0019] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present application can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application: The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) with a preservation number of CCTCC KB20082790 and purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection. Bacillus mucilaginosus The potassium-solubilizing bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) with a strain number of ACCC02983 and purchased from the China Agricultural Culture Collection Center.

[0021] Paenibacillus mucilaginosus The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are Azotobacter chroococcum (Azotobacter chroococcum) with a preservation number of CCTCC JB2008159 and purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0022] The clostridium butyricum is Clostridium butyricum (Clostridium butyricum). Azotobacter chroococcum The clostridium butyricum is Clostridium butyricum (Clostridium butyricum).

[0023] The clostridium butyricum is Clostridium butyricum (Clostridium butyricum). Clostridium butyricum ​Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Accession No. CCTCC AB 2010154, purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0024] Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Accession No. CCTCC AB 2010154, purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection. Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Accession No. CCTCC AB 2010154, purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection.

[0025] Example 1 (a) Optimization of the breeding environment: In the waters of Sanya, an area with excellent water quality and stable water flow was selected, the water temperature was kept at 22-28℃ all year round, the salinity was maintained at 18-33, the seawater pH value was 7.5-8.5, a net cage with a size of 5m x 5m x 5m was set up and placed at a water depth of 2.0m, ensuring that the sea area has small wind and wave, the water exchange is sufficient, and the flow rate is controlled at 0.5-1.5m / s.

[0026] A degradable microbial agent carrier was laid at the bottom of the net cage, containing phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the ratio of the viable bacterial count of the three was 3:2:1, and the total bacterial count was 5x10 7 CFU / particle of carrier, the carrier was porous ceramsite (particle size 2mm), and the laying amount was 50g / m 2 .

[0027] (b) Larvae pretreatment: Before releasing the larvae, the larvae were soaked in a solution containing β-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide and vitamin C phosphate for 15 minutes, the concentrations of the three were 1g / L, 0.5g / L and 0.3g / L respectively. The larvae were released into the net cage at a density of 50 tails / m 3 .

[0028] (c) Staged feed enrichment: 3-8 days old: daily feeding of small-age feed 5 times, daily feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the fry; The small-age feed is composed of the following raw materials: 30 parts of Artemia nauplii powder, 20 parts of rotifer dry powder, 10 parts of marine red yeast, 8 parts of Schizochytrium sp. powder, 3 parts of egg methionine, 3 parts of squid liver powder, 5 parts of fucoidan, 0.5 parts of lysozyme extracted from egg white (enzyme activity 50000U / mg), and the above-mentioned raw materials are ultra-micro ground to 16μm.

[0029] 8-15 days old: feeding of middle-age feed 3 times a day, daily feeding amount is 10% of the weight of the fry; The middle-age feed is composed of the following raw materials: 20 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of black soldier fly larvae powder, 20 parts of krill powder, 10 parts of soybean protein powder, 8 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 10 parts of wheat flour, 1x10 8 CFU / g of butyric acid clostridium, 0.5 parts of β-1,3-glucan, and the above-mentioned raw materials are extruded and puffed to form granules with a particle size of 0.3mm.

[0030] 15 days later: feeding the fry 2-4 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 18% of the weight of the fry; The fry feed is composed of the following raw materials: fish meal 40 parts, fermented soybean meal 15 parts, squid viscera powder 10 parts, corn gluten meal 8 parts, fish oil 5 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3 parts, butyric acid clostridium (3 x 10 8 CFU / g) 2-5 parts, bacillus subtilis (5 x 10 7 CFU / g) 0.3 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 2 parts, phytosterol ester 0.1 part, and capsaicin ester 0.02 part. The fish oil has an Omega-3 content of ≥25%, and is prepared into particles with a particle size of 2m by high-temperature instant curing at 120°C for 20s.

[0031] (d) Daily management and immune stimulation: the net cage is cleaned every 15 days, and dead and rotten fish are removed. During cleaning, the fry in the net cage are transferred to a fish pond, and the fry are subjected to immune stimulation: Acousto-optic stimulation: 9:00-11:00 blue-green light (480nm, 300lux) irradiation for 60s / intermittent 10min synchronous sound wave (100Hz, ≤100dB) Flow stimulation: 15:00-16:00 flow rate 0.3m / s.

[0032] Example 2 (a) Optimization of breeding environment: select an area with excellent water quality and stable flow in Sanya sea area, maintain water temperature at 22-28°C all year round, maintain salinity at 18-33, maintain seawater pH value at 7.5-8.5, set up a net cage with a size of 5m x 5m x 5m, place it at a water depth of 3.0m, ensure that the sea area has small wind and wave, the water exchange is sufficient, and the flow rate is controlled at 1.5m / s.

[0033] Lay a degradable microbial agent carrier on the bottom of the net cage, which contains phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a ratio of 5:3:1 in terms of viable bacterial count, and a total bacterial count of 1 x 10 8 CFU / particle carrier, the carrier is porous ceramic ball (particle size 5mm), and the laying amount is 100g / m 2 .

[0034] (b) Fry pretreatment: before releasing the fry, immerse the fry in a solution containing β-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide and vitamin C phosphate for 20 minutes, with concentrations of 2g / L, 1g / L and 0.5g / L respectively. Release 80 tails / m 3 into the net cage at a density of 80 tails / m

[0035] (c) Staged feed enrichment: 3-8 days old: 7 times of small-age feed per day, daily feeding amount is 5% of the weight of fry; The small-age feed is composed of the following raw materials: Artemia nauplii powder 50 parts, rotifer dry powder 30 parts, marine red yeast 20 parts, Schizochytrium powder 12 parts, methionine 7 parts, squid liver powder 7 parts, fucoidan 10 parts, and lysozyme extracted from egg white (enzyme activity 60000 U / mg) 2 parts, which are ultra-micro ground to 20 μm.

[0036] 8-15 days old: 5 times of middle-age feed per day, daily feeding amount is 15% of the weight of fry; The middle-age feed is composed of the following raw materials: fish meal 40 parts, black soldier fly larva powder 25 parts, krill powder 30 parts, soybean protein powder 20 parts, Antarctic krill oil 12 parts, wheat flour 15 parts, Clostridium butyricum (3×10 8 CFU / g) 3 parts, β-1,3-glucan 1.5 parts, which are extruded and puffed to a particle size of 0.5 mm.

[0037] 15 days later: 2-4 times of adult fish feed per day, daily feeding amount is 25% of the weight of fry; The adult fish feed is composed of the following raw materials: fish meal 40-50 parts, fermented soybean meal 25 parts, squid viscera powder 15 parts, corn gluten meal 12 parts, fish oil 10 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 6 parts, Clostridium butyricum (5×10 8 CFU / g) 2-5 parts, Bacillus subtilis (7×10 7 CFU / g) 1.2 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 5 parts, phytosterol ester 0.3 parts, and capsaicin ester 0.04 parts, wherein the fish oil has an Omega-3 of ≥25%, which is cooked at a high temperature of 150°C for 40s to form a particle size of 4 mm.

[0038] (d) Daily management and immune stimulation: the net cage is cleaned every 20 days, and dead and rotten fish are removed, and the fry in the net cage is transferred to a fish pond for immune stimulation: Sound and light stimulation: 9:00-11:00 blue-green light (500 nm, 500 lux) irradiation for 120 s / intermittent 30 min synchronous sound wave (200 Hz, ≤100 dB) Water flow stimulation: 15:00-16:00 flow rate 0.5 m / s.

[0039] Example 3 (a) Optimize the breeding environment: Select an area with good water quality and stable water flow in Sanya waters. The water temperature is maintained at 22-28°C all year round, the salinity is maintained at 18-33, the seawater pH value is 7.5-8.5, and the net cage with a size of 5m x 5m x 5m is placed at a water depth of 2.0m. Ensure that the sea area has small wind and wave, the water exchange is sufficient, and the flow rate is controlled at 1m / s.

[0040] Lay a degradable microbial agent carrier on the bottom of the net cage, which contains phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a ratio of 4:2.5:1 in terms of viable bacteria count, and a total bacterial load of 8x10 7 CFU / particle carrier, the carrier is porous ceramic ball (particle size 3mm), the laying amount is 80g / m 2 .

[0041] (b) Fry pretreatment: Before releasing the fry, immerse the fry in a solution containing β-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide and vitamin C phosphate for 18 minutes, with concentrations of 1.5g / L, 0.8g / L and 0.4g / L respectively. Release 70 fry / m 3 into the net cage at a density of 70 fry / m

[0042] (c) Strengthen the bait in stages: 3-8 days old: feed small-age bait 6 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 4% of the weight of the fry; The small-age bait is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of Artemia nauplii powder, 25 parts of dry rotifer powder, 15 parts of marine red yeast, 10 parts of Schizochytrium sp. powder, 5 parts of egg methionine, 5 parts of squid liver powder, 8 parts of fucoidan, 1.5 parts of lysozyme extracted from egg white (enzyme activity 55000U / mg), and the above are ultra-micro ground to 18μm.

[0043] 8-15 days old: feed middle-age bait 4 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 12% of the weight of the fry; The middle-age bait is composed of the following raw materials: 30 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of black soldier fly larvae powder, 25 parts of krill powder, 15 parts of soybean protein powder, 10 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 13 parts of wheat flour, 2 parts of Clostridium butyricum (2x10 8 CFU / g), 1 part of β-1,3-glucan, which is extruded and puffed into particles with a particle size of 0.4mm.

[0044] After 15 days: feed adult bait 3 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 22% of the weight of the fry; The adult bait is composed of the following raw materials: 45 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 12 parts of squid viscera powder, 10 parts of corn gluten meal, 8 parts of fish oil, 5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-5 parts of Clostridium butyricum (4x10 8 CFU / g), 2-5 parts of Clostridium butyricum (4x10 7CFU / g) 0.8 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 3 parts, phytosterol ester 0.2 parts, capsaicin ester 0.03 parts, the fish oil Omega-3≥25%, through high temperature instant 130℃ 20-40s curing into a particle size of 3m of granules.

[0045] (d) Daily management and immune stimulation: the net cage is cleaned every 18 days, and dead and dying fish are removed. During the cleaning, the fish are transferred to a pond, and the fish are subjected to immune stimulation: Sound and light stimulation: 9:00-11:00 blue-green light (500nm, 400lux) irradiation 80s / 20min intermittent synchronous sound wave (150Hz, ≤100dB) Water flow stimulation: 15:00-16:00 flow rate 0.4m / s.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 3, this comparative example does not lay the microbial agent carrier on the bottom of the net cage, and the other steps are the same.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 3, this comparative example does not soak the fry before feeding, but directly feeds them into the net cage at the same density. The rest of the breeding steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 3, this comparative example uses conventional goldfish feed, without phased feed enrichment. That is, the same ordinary feed is fed throughout the breeding process, with daily feeding amount being 5% of the body weight of the young fish and 3% of the body weight of the adult fish. The other breeding operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Goldfish feed quality percentage formula: fish meal 35%, soybean meal 25%, corn gluten meal 18%, fish oil 8%, flour 12%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, crude protein 40%, crude fat 10%, no functional additives.

[0050] Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 3, this comparative example does not perform sound and water flow coordinated immune stimulation in daily management, but only performs net cage cleaning. The other breeding steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] I. Growth performance 1. Survival rate: The number of goldfish released in each group was recorded at the beginning of the breeding experiment. After the breeding experiment, the number of surviving goldfish in each group was counted.

[0052] 2. Specific growth rate: SGR (% / d) = [ln (final body weight) - ln (initial body weight)] / days of culture x 100%.

[0053] Wherein, the unit of body weight is gram (g), and the days of culture is 60 days. The specific growth rate of each group of goldfish is calculated.

[0054] 3. Feed conversion ratio (FCR): The type and amount of feed are accurately recorded every day (the residual feed is deducted by using a collection net or siphon method), the total weight difference of the fish population before and after the experiment, and the weight of dead fish are deducted from the total weight gain; FCR = total amount of feed / total weight gain of fish.

[0055] Table 1: 60 days of culture effect data

[0056] II. Intestinal immune indicators Twenty goldfish from each group were randomly selected, and intestinal tissue was dissected to prepare homogenate. The homogenate was centrifuged at 4°C and 8000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was used as the sample to be tested; The lysozyme activity was determined by the turbidity method of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, The SOD activity was determined by the xanthine oxidase method. The SOD detection kit was used for determination; The intestinal sIgA content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

[0057] Table 2: Intestinal immune indicator data

[0058] The results of Tables 1 and 2 above show that the microbial carrier, immune soaking, segmented feed, and physical stimulation synergistic scheme used in the example group significantly improves the intestinal immune function of goldfish; Compared with Comparative Example 1, the use of microbial carriers for targeted regulation activates the secretion of intestinal sIgA and enhances the mucosal immune barrier. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the use of soaking pretreatment can strengthen the initial immunity of the fish and significantly enhance the intestinal physical barrier function. Compared with Comparative Example 3, it shows that segmented nutrition strengthening is in line with the rules of digestive enzyme activity and immune system development of goldfish. The segmented feed with different nutritional compositions can better adapt to the changes in digestive enzyme activity and improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of nutrients; Compared with Comparative Example 4, the present application uses specific wavelength blue-green light LED for intermittent light from the three stimulation dimensions of light, sound and water flow, activates the expression of intracellular antioxidant-related genes through the light signal transduction pathway, promotes the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, thereby enhancing the ability of golden pomfret to scavenge free radicals in the body, reducing the level of oxidative stress, and the stimulation of low-frequency sound waves can regulate the endocrine system in the fish body, prompting it to secrete stress-regulating hormones such as cortisol, and maintain the physiological homeostasis of the fish body; at the same time, the sound wave stimulation can also affect the structure and function of the intestinal microbial community, promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria; in addition, moderate water flow stimulation prompts golden pomfret to increase exercise, enhance its muscle activity and metabolic level. The synergistic stimulation of sound-light-water flow not only directly enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes in golden pomfret, but also indirectly enhances the resistance of golden pomfret to oxidative stress in a comprehensive way through the regulation of physiological state, intestinal microecology and stress adaptation ability of the fish body.

[0059] Under the synergistic effect of the present application, the golden pomfret in the example group is significantly better than the comparative example group in terms of intestinal immune indicators, growth performance (higher specific growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio) and survival rate.

[0060] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the intestinal immunity of a cultured Pampus argenteus, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (a) breeding environment optimization: selecting a sea area with good water quality and stable water flow, laying degradable microbial agent carriers at the bottom of the net cage; (b) fry pretreatment: soaking the fry before releasing them into the net cage, and the aperture of the net cage is smaller than the length of the fry; (c) stage feed enhancement: 3-8 days old: feeding small-age feed 5-7 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 2-5% of the weight of the fry; 8-15 days old: feeding middle-age feed 3-5 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 10-15% of the weight of the fry; 15 days later: feeding adult feed 2-4 times a day, with a daily feeding amount of 18-25% of the weight of the fry; (d) daily management and immune stimulation: cleaning the net cage, and transferring the fry in the net cage to a fish pond for immune stimulation.

2. The method for improving the intestinal immunity of golden pomfret as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (a), the water temperature of the sea area is kept at 22-28℃ all year round, the salinity is maintained at 18-33, the seawater pH value is 7.5-8.5, and a net cage with a size of 5m×5m×5m is placed at a water depth of 2.0-3.0m, ensuring that the sea area has small wind and wave and the water exchange is sufficient, and the flow rate is controlled at 0.5-1.5m / s.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: a) providing a goldfish; b) administering to the goldfish a composition comprising a probiotic microorganism; and c) raising the goldfish under conditions suitable for the growth of the probiotic microorganism. The microbial inoculant carrier described in step (a) contains phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with a viable count ratio of (3-5):(2-3):1, and a total bacterial load of 5×10⁻⁶. 7 -1×10 8 CFU / granular carrier, laid at a rate of 50-100 g / m² at the bottom of the gabion. 2 The carrier is porous ceramic particles with a particle size of 2-5 mm.

4. The method for improving the intestinal immunity of golden pomfret as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The soaking treatment of step (b) is to put the fry into a solution containing β-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide and vitamin C phosphate for 15-20 minutes, the concentrations of the solution are 1-2 g / L, 0.5-1 g / L and 0.3-0.5 g / L respectively, and the stocking density is 50-80 tails / m 3 .

5. The method for improving the intestinal immunity of golden pomfret as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (c), the small-age feed comprises the following raw materials: 30-50 parts of Artemia nauplii powder, 20-30 parts of rotifer dry powder, 10-20 parts of marine red yeast, 8-12 parts of Schizochytrium sp. powder, 3-7 parts of egg methionine, 3-7 parts of squid liver powder, 5-10 parts of fucoidan, and 0.5-2 parts of lysozyme, wherein the lysozyme is extracted from egg white and has an enzyme activity of ≥50000U / mg, and the small-age feed is ultra-micro ground to ≤20μm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: a) providing a goldfish; b) administering to the goldfish a composition comprising a probiotic microorganism; and c) raising the goldfish under conditions suitable for the growth of the probiotic microorganism. The middle-age bait of step (c) comprises the following raw material composition: fish meal 20-40 parts, black soldier fly larvae powder 15-25 parts, krill powder 20-30 parts, soybean protein powder 10-20 parts, Antarctic krill oil 8-12 parts, wheat flour 10-15 parts, Clostridium butyricum 1-3 parts, β-1, 3-glucan 0.5-1.5 parts, wherein the Clostridium butyricum is ≥1×10 8 CFU / g, and the middle-age bait is prepared by extrusion puffing granulation with a particle size of 0.3-0.5 mm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: a) providing a goldfish; b) administering to the goldfish a composition comprising a probiotic microorganism; and c) raising the goldfish under conditions suitable for the growth of the probiotic microorganism. The fish bait granules of step (c) are prepared from the following raw materials: fish meal 40-50 parts, fermented soybean meal 15-25 parts, squid viscera powder 10-15 parts, corn gluten meal 8-12 parts, fish oil 5-10 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 3-6 parts, Clostridium butyricum 2-5 parts, Bacillus subtilis 0.3-1.2 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 2-5 parts, phytosterol ester 0.1-0.3 parts, and capsaicin ester 0.02-0.04 parts, wherein the fish oil has an Omega-3 content of ≥25%, the Clostridium butyricum has a viable bacterial count of ≥3×10 8 CFU / g, and the Bacillus subtilis has a viable bacterial count of ≥5×10 7 CFU / g, and the fish bait granules are prepared by high-temperature instant curing at 120-150°C for 20-40s to form granules with a particle size of 2-4m.

8. The method for improving the intestinal immunity of golden pomfret as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (d), the net cage is cleaned every 15-20 days to remove dead fish and bad fish.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: a) providing a goldfish; b) administering to the goldfish a composition comprising a probiotic microorganism; and c) raising the goldfish under conditions suitable for the growth of the probiotic microorganism. In step (d), the immune stimulation is sound-light-water flow synergistic stimulation: Light: turning on blue-green light LED with a wavelength of 480-500nm from 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning for intermittent illumination, with an illumination time of 60-120s and an interval of 10-30min; Sound: playing low-frequency sound waves with a sound intensity of ≤100dB synchronously during blue light LED illumination; Water flow: water flow stimulation from 3:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, with a flow rate of 0.3-0.5m / s.

10. The method for improving the intestinal immune capacity of the cobia according to claim 9, wherein the cobia is fed with the feed containing the probiotic bacteria. 5 The light intensity is 300-500lux, and the low-frequency sound wave is 100-200Hz.

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