Breeding method of meat and egg dual-purpose white feather quail variety

Abstract

The invention relates to a breeding method of a meat and egg dual-purpose white feather quail variety, and belongs to the technical field of quail breeding. The breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) hybridizing Beijing white-feather male quails and meat-type Difark female quails to produce an F1 generation; (2) selecting white-feather female quails from the F1 generation and backcrossing the white-feather female quails with Beijing white-feather male quails to produce a BF1 generation; and (3) selecting male quails and female quails with white feather characteristics in the BF1 generation, and carrying out cross-crossing fixed breeding to breed the meat-egg dual-purpose white feather quail variety. The breeding method is simple and feasible in step, the bred meat and egg dual-purpose type white-feather quail variety is obvious in feather color characteristic, has the feather color characteristic different from that of a parent Difankg, is obviously larger than Beijing white-feather quails in body type, is lower than Beijing white-feather quails in egg laying performance but is obviously higher than Difankg quails in egg laying performance, and has a good market prospect. The method can form an auto-sexing commercial line with other varieties or strains of quails, and has high industrial value and wide market popularization prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a breeding method of a meat-egg dual-purpose white-feathered quail variety, and belongs to the technical field of quail breeding. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quail (Coturnix japonica) is a kind of high-nutrition and high-economic-value domestic bird, and is also called as “plover”, “wan bird” and “running bird”. Quail has been domesticated in recent times, and with the development of cage breeding technology, quail breeding has been greatly developed in the world. Domestic quail can be classified into egg quail, meat quail, experimental quail and ornamental quail according to economic use, and the feeding amount of egg quail is the most, followed by meat quail. Quail meat is tender, delicious, aromatic, tasty and rich in nutrients, and is a typical high-protein, low-fat and low-cholesterol food, and is praised as “animal ginseng”. Quail meat and eggs can be cooked as food, and can also be stewed with traditional Chinese medicine, and are ideal products for nourishing and food therapy, and are popular in the market. Quail industry is praised as the future of poultry industry in the 21st century, and is called as “the second poultry industry”.

[0003] The annual feeding amount of quail in China is about 500 million, 400 million of which are egg quail, and 100 million of which are meat quail. Among them, the egg quail mainly includes Chinese white-feathered quail, Chinese yellow-feathered quail, Korean quail, Japanese quail, Estonian quail and self-alternate male and female matching system composed of part of the above varieties or strains; the meat quail is mainly French Difak (FM system) quail. The body weight of adult male quail of French Difak (FM system) quail is 300-350 g, the body weight of female quail is 350-450 g, the annual egg production is 260, the egg weight is 13-14.5 g, and the live weight at 6 weeks old is 240 g. For a long time, the feeding amount of meat quail in China is small, mainly because of the lack of meat quail varieties and the high sales price which is difficult to be accepted by the market. The production cost of meat quail on the market is 5-6 yuan per piece, and the sales price of eliminated egg quail is only 1-2 yuan per piece, so the market of meat quail is seriously occupied by a large number of eliminated egg quail. The quail meat products (such as quail frozen meat, marinated quail, quail meat paste, etc.) on the market are mainly from eliminated egg quail, but the eliminated egg quail has small body size and poor meat quality, which brings many inconveniences to slaughtering and processing and too many complaints to consumers, and seriously affects the reputation of quail as “animal ginseng”.

[0004] In the 1990s, my country introduced French Dufak (FM strain), Savimat, and Philomatt quail breeds. However, due to the lack of a proper breeding system and a focus on purebred breeding driven by market interests, the selection and preservation of breeding stock were neglected, leading to a temporary shortage of breeding stock. Furthermore, years of self-breeding and self-raising in quail farming resulted in severe inbreeding and degeneration, leading to decreased production performance. In the Third National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Survey, only the French Dufak (FM strain) was registered as a meat-type quail breed, while the Savimat and Philomatt quail breeds introduced in the 1990s have disappeared from the market. Currently, my country lacks its own meat-type or dual-purpose (meat and egg) quail breeds. Therefore, developing new meat-type or dual-purpose (meat and egg) quail breeds with independent intellectual property rights is crucial for the development of my country's quail farming industry, in order to meet the market demand for high-quality quail meat. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a breeding method for a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed, in order to solve the problem that there is currently no breeding method for dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breeds on the market.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the breeding method of a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) F1 generation was produced by crossing male Beijing white-feathered quail with meat-type Difak female quail;

[0009] (2) Select white-feathered female quails and Beijing white-feathered male quails from the F1 generation for backcrossing to produce BF1 generation;

[0010] (3) Select male and female quails with white feather characteristics from the BF1 generation and carry out crossbreeding and fixed breeding to cultivate a dual-purpose white-feathered quail breed for both meat and eggs.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: The method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed of the present invention is a pioneering invention. Feather color is a major characteristic for distinguishing quail chicks. According to different color systems, they can be divided into colorless feathers and colored feathers. Colorless feathers are white feathers. The inheritance of quail feather color is very complex, and the genetic mechanism of quail feather color inheritance is currently unclear. Through extensive preliminary practice, the inventors of this invention discovered the genetic mechanism of feather color in meat-type Difak (FM strain) quail. Then, using Beijing white-feathered quail as the male parent and meat-type Difak (FM strain) quail as the female parent, they conducted crossbreeding to breed a new dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed with high egg production and good meat production performance, effectively alleviating the problem of insufficient breeding stock and high-quality quail meat supply in the meat quail market.

[0012] Further, the breeding method of the present application is simple and feasible, the meat-egg dual-purpose white-feathered quail variety bred has obvious feather color characteristics, has different feather color characteristics from its parent Difak, is obviously larger than Beijing white-feathered quail in size, has lower egg production performance than Beijing white-feathered quail, but is significantly higher than Difak quail, and can form a self-female and male mating line with other varieties or strains of quail, has high industrial value and broad market promotion prospect.

[0013] Specifically, Beijing white-feathered quail is a feather color mutant line of Korean quail, which is a new strain of high-egg production type discovered and bred by Chinese scientific researchers from Korean quail in the 1990s. The newborn quail chicks are light yellow down, and change to white feathers at 2 weeks of age after primary feather replacement, which belongs to recessive white feather and has sex-linked inheritance characteristics. It starts laying eggs at 6 weeks of age, and the annual egg production is 270-300, which is significantly higher than that of Korean quail. Studies have confirmed that white feather is a recessive mutation (B / b) of Korean quail on Z chromosome, and the recessive mutation is homozygous when it shows white feather.

[0014] As a further improvement, the Beijing white-feathered male quail in step (2) is not a direct paternal line of F1 generation.

[0015] As a further improvement, the selection criteria of the white-feathered female quail in step (2) include early egg production, high egg production and meat production performance.

[0016] As a further improvement, the selection criteria of the male quail with white feather characteristics in step (3) include obvious male characteristics and good meat production performance.

[0017] As a further improvement, the selection criteria of the female quail with white feather characteristics in step (3) include early egg production, high egg production and meat production performance.

[0018] As a further improvement, the number of generations of cross fixation breeding in step (3) is 5-6 generations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Appearance of meat-egg dual-purpose adult white-feathered quail in Example 1 of the present application (wherein the left side is a female quail and the right side is a male quail);

[0020] Figure 2 F1 generation hatching of meat-egg dual-purpose white-feathered quail (male) and Korean quail (female) mating hybrid in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] China currently does not have its own meat or meat and egg type quail varieties, and to solve the market demand for high-quality quail meat, fundamentally, it is to breed new varieties with independent intellectual property rights of meat or meat and egg type. At the same time, the feather color is a main feature of quail chicks, which can be divided into colorless and colored feathers according to different color systems. Colorless feathers are white feathers, and the inheritance of quail feather color is very complex. According to the known feather color and reports, there may be a variety of gene synergistic relationship between quail feather color genes, but the specific feather color genetic mechanism is not clear. Based on this, the application uses crossbreeding, backcrossing and horizontal crossing to combine the egg production performance of Beijing white feather quail and the meat production performance of meat type Difake (FM line) quail, and provides a breeding method of meat and egg type white feather quail variety.

[0022] The application will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the application is not limited to this; if no special description, various reagents, instruments and the like used in the examples are commercially available.

[0023] The application provides a breeding method of meat and egg type white feather quail variety.

[0024] The application provides a breeding method of meat and egg type white feather quail variety.

[0025] The breeding method of meat and egg type white feather quail variety of the application mainly includes the following steps:

[0026] (1) Crossbreed the egg type Beijing white feather male quail with the meat type Difake (FM line) female quail, that is, Beijing white feather quail (♂) x meat type Difake (FM line) (♀) to produce F1 generation, the F1 generation is obviously larger than the Beijing white feather quail and slightly smaller than the meat type Difake (FM line) quail, the feather color of the male quail in the F1 generation is chestnut feather, and the feather color of the female quail is white feather.

[0027] (2) Select the female quail (white feather) with early production, high egg production and meat production performance from the F1 generation and crossbreed with the Beijing white feather male quail (other male quails of Beijing white feather quail, not the direct paternal line of F1 generation) to produce BF1 generation, the feather color of the male and female quails in the BF1 generation is all white feather, and the body size is obviously larger than that of the Beijing white feather quail.

[0028] The genetic mode is as follows:

[0029] 1)

[0030] 2)

[0031] (3) In the BF1 generation, the female quails with early onset of production, high egg and meat production performance and the male quails with obvious male characteristics and good meat production performance were selected for crossbreeding. After 5-6 generations of breeding, the individuals with poor adaptability and extreme albinism were eliminated, and the white feather quail breed for both egg and meat production was bred by expanding the population. The body size of the breed is larger than that of Beijing white feather quail, the egg production performance is lower than that of Beijing white feather quail, but significantly higher than that of Difak quail. The breed contains 75% of Beijing white feather quail and 25% of meat-type Difak (FM line) blood components, but is recessive homozygous at the albino locus, showing similar feather color characteristics as Beijing white feather quail, and the appearance characteristics are shown in Figure 1 .

[0032] According to the "Conditions for the Identification of New Poultry Breeds, Matching Lines and Genetic Resources", the body size (body oblique length, tibial length, chest width, chest depth, sternum length, body weight) of the bred white feather quail for both egg and meat production was determined (see Table 1), which was significantly larger than that of Beijing white feather quail, and smaller than that of Difak (FM line) quail.

[0033] Table 1 Comparison of body size and weight of white feather quail for both egg and meat production and its parents

[0034]

[0035] Note: In the table, the letters on the right shoulder of the numbers in the column of body weight indicate significant (p<0.05) or extremely significant (p<0.01) differences, and the same letters indicate no significant difference (p≥0.05).

[0036] The initial birth weight, onset of production age, egg weight, and 35-week-old egg production of the white feather quail for both egg and meat production were determined (see Table 2), which was close to that of Beijing white feather quail, and significantly higher than that of Difak (FM) quail.

[0037] Table 2 Comparison of main egg production performance of white feather quail for both egg and meat production and its parents

[0038]

[0039] Note: In the table, the letters on the right shoulder of the numbers in each column indicate significant (p<0.05) or extremely significant (p<0.01) differences, and the same letters indicate no significant difference (p≥0.05).

[0040] The white feather quail for both egg and meat production has a larger body weight than Beijing white feather quail, and its meat production performance is significantly higher than that of Beijing white feather quail, reaching the standard of meat production performance of meat-type poultry in China, but lower than that of Difak (FM) quail. The indexes of slaughter rate, half-cleaned rate, and whole-cleaned rate of adult white feather quail for both egg and meat production (see Table 3).

[0041] Table 3 Comparison of main meat production performance of white feather quail for both egg and meat production and its parents

[0042]

[0043] Note: In the table, the weight column, the 5-week-old weight numbers on the right shoulder of the lowercase letters represent significant differences (p<0.05) or extremely significant differences (p<0.01), and the same lowercase letters represent no significant difference (p≥0.05); the adult weight numbers on the right shoulder of the capital letters represent significant differences (p<0.05) or extremely significant differences (p<0.01), and the same capital letters represent no significant difference (p≥0.05).

[0044] The meat-egg dual-purpose white-feather quail and other varieties or strains of quail (Korean quail and Difak (FM strain) quail) can be used to form a self-female and male mating line. For example, meat-egg dual-purpose white-feather quail male quail is crossed with egg-type Korean quail female quail, the F1 generation white-feather quail is female quail, and the F1 generation chestnut-feather quail is male quail, and the accuracy of self-female and male is 100%, as shown in Table 2. Figure 2

[0045] The meat-egg dual-purpose white-feather quail cultivated according to the cultivation method has similar egg-laying performance to Beijing white-feather quail and similar meat-producing performance to meat-type Difak (FM strain) quail, has the advantages of early egg-laying, high egg-laying rate and meat-producing rate, and good egg-laying and meat-producing performance.

[0046] The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application, so equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, features and principles of the present application patent range should be included in the present application patent range.​

Claims

1. A method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed, characterized by: Includes the following steps: (1) F1 generation was produced by crossing male Beijing white-feathered quail with meat-type Difak female quail; (2) Select white-feathered female quails and Beijing white-feathered male quails from the F1 generation for backcrossing to produce BF1 generation; (3) Select male and female quails with white feather characteristics from the BF1 generation and carry out crossbreeding and fixed breeding to cultivate a dual-purpose white-feathered quail breed for both meat and eggs.

2. The method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Beijing white-feathered male quail mentioned in step (2) is not a direct paternal parent of the F1 generation.

3. The method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection criteria for white-feathered female quails in step (2) include: early egg production and high egg and meat production performance.

4. The method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection criteria for male quails with white feather characteristics mentioned in step (3) include: obvious male characteristics and good meat production performance.

5. The method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection criteria for female quails with white feathers in step (3) include: early egg production and high egg and meat production performance.

6. The method for breeding a dual-purpose (meat and egg) white-feathered quail breed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The number of generations of cross-linked fixed selection in step (3) is 5 to 6.

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