Sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent and prevention and treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent and a prevention and treatment method, and belongs to the technical field of plant protection. The sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1.5-2 parts of a microbial compound, 1-2 parts of a plant extract, 15-20 parts of a straw fermentation product, 15-20 parts of biomass charcoal, 20-25 parts of peanut shells and 2-3 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wherein the plant extract comprises the following components in parts by mass: 6-9 parts of a nightshade / belladonna mixed extract and 10-12 parts of a purslane extract. The sesame bacterial wilt prevention and control agent has an excellent disease prevention and control effect, and the yield of sesame can be increased while diseases are prevented and controlled.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a sesame bacterial wilt prevention agent and prevention method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a high-quality oil crop, and its seeds have high oil content, with unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linoleic acid) accounting for about 85%, and are also rich in natural antioxidant substances such as sesamin, sesamol, vitamin E, etc. It is an important source of high-quality edible oil and a nutritional health food. Sesame bacterial wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The climate conditions during the growth period of summer sesame are very conducive to the occurrence and spread of the disease, and the incidence rate of most fields is more than 20%. In many heavy disease areas, the old disease fields have the phenomenon of whole field disease and no yield every year. Bacterial wilt has become one of the main limiting factors of sesame production.

[0003] At present, there have been many reports on the prevention and control of sesame bacterial wilt, such as irrigation of pesticides, crop rotation, resistance breeding, etc., but there is no stable and effective prevention and control measure. Therefore, how to effectively prevent and control sesame bacterial wilt is an important problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a sesame bacterial wilt prevention agent and prevention method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present application: a sesame bacterial wilt prevention agent, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: a microbial compound 1.5-2 parts, a plant extract 1-2 parts, a straw fermented product 15-20 parts, a biomass charcoal 15-20 parts, a peanut shell 20-25 parts, and a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 2-3 parts.

[0007] The plant extract comprises the following components in parts by mass: a Solanum nigrum / Lycianthes fruticosa mixed extract 6-9 parts and a Portulaca oleracea extract 10-12 parts.

[0008] The peanut shell is rich in plant fiber and can be converted into organic nutrients under the action of microorganisms, thereby enhancing soil fertility and promoting root development and improving the stress resistance of plants. At the same time, the peanut shell can provide nutritional ingredients for microorganisms, promote the colonization of microorganisms in the soil and the production capacity of secondary metabolites, and improve the prevention and control effect of soil-borne diseases.

[0009] Straw fermentation contains organic acids, phenolic compounds and other substances, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

[0010] Further, the preparation method of the mixed extract of Solanum nigrum L. / Solanum dulcamara L. comprises the following steps:

[0011] The Solanum nigrum L. fruits and Solanum dulcamara L. stems and leaves are dried and crushed to obtain Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder and Solanum dulcamara L. stem and leaf powder;

[0012] The Solanum nigrum L. fruit powder, Solanum dulcamara L. stem and leaf powder and acid solution are mixed, microwave extraction is performed, and then filtration is performed to collect the filtrate to obtain a crude extract;

[0013] Alkali is added to the crude extract, and after standing and filtration, the filter cake is obtained, dried to obtain the mixed extract of Solanum nigrum L. / Solanum dulcamara L.

[0014] Further, the acid solution is composed of inorganic acid, methanol and water; the concentration of the inorganic acid is 0.1-0.2 mol / L; and the concentration of the methanol is 55-65 vol.%.

[0015] The power of the microwave extraction is 250-350 W, the temperature is 60-80℃, and the time is 10-15 min.

[0016] The mixed extract of Solanum nigrum L. / Solanum dulcamara L. contains rich alkaloid components, which can destroy the cell membrane and protein synthesis of pathogenic bacteria, interfere with the metabolic process, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and spore germination.

[0017] Further, the preparation method of the Portulaca oleracea L. extract comprises the following steps:

[0018] The Portulaca oleracea L. is dried and crushed to obtain Portulaca oleracea L. powder;

[0019] The Portulaca oleracea L. powder and the ethanol aqueous solution are mixed, heated and extracted, and then filtration is performed to collect the filtrate, which is concentrated and dried to obtain the Portulaca oleracea L. extract.

[0020] Further, the use amount ratio of the Portulaca oleracea L. powder to the ethanol aqueous solution is 1 g:10-15 mL;

[0021] The concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 65-75 vol.%.

[0022] The temperature of the heating extraction is 55-65℃, and the time is 30-60 min.

[0023] The Portulaca oleracea L. extract contains flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds, which can play an inhibitory role by interfering with the cell metabolism and destroying the cell membrane structure of pathogenic bacteria.

[0024] Further, the microbial compound comprises the following components in mass fraction: 5-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of Debaryomyces hansenii, 4-6 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 5-8 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis and 4-5 parts of Rhodopseudomonas palustris.

[0025] Bacillus subtilis can secrete antibiotics and bactericidal substances, and has obvious inhibitory effect on various plant pathogens; Debaryomyces hansenii can stimulate plants to produce defensive enzymes, decompose pathogenic bacteria cell walls, and promote the accumulation of bacteriostatic substances such as phytocyanin, thereby improving the disease resistance of the host; Bacillus licheniformis can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria by competition and promote the reproduction of beneficial bacteria; Bacillus thuringiensis can produce insecticidal toxins to inhibit insect feeding and indirectly improve the stress resistance of plants; Rhodopseudomonas palustris can competitively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and induce plants to produce disease-resistant enzymes, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. The combination of the above microorganisms can exert excellent disease control effect.

[0026] The second technical solution of the present application is a preparation method of the above-mentioned sesame bacterial wilt control agent, comprising the following steps:

[0027] The microbial compound is loaded in the biomass charcoal, and then the plant extract, peanut shell and starch aqueous solution are added, low-temperature granulation is performed, and a composite granule is obtained;

[0028] After the straw fermented product is wrapped on the surface of the composite granule, a solution of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is sprayed, and after low-temperature drying, the sesame bacterial wilt control agent is obtained.

[0029] Further, the particle size of the composite granule is 1.5-2 mm.

[0030] The activated carbon can provide a shelter environment for microorganisms, adsorb pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and reduce the occurrence and spread of diseases. At the same time, the activated carbon can also promote the growth and development of plants, and improve the immunity and disease resistance of plants.

[0031] The sesame bacterial wilt control agent of the present application is in the form of granules, which can reduce the loss of beneficial ingredients, improve the colonization ability of probiotics, and continuously and stably exert the ability to control soil-borne diseases.

[0032] The third technical solution of the present application is a sesame bacterial wilt control method, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Before sowing sesame, the planting plot is plowed, the above-mentioned sesame bacterial wilt control agent is applied, and the soil is mixed evenly and then raked flat, and after standing, the sesame is sown on the ridge, and the conventional field management is carried out.

[0034] Further, the control method further comprises sowing hairy vetch and white clover in the ridge ditch, and cutting and burying the hairy vetch and white clover 40-45 days after sowing.

[0035] The width of the ridge is 60-70cm, and the width of the ridge ditch is 20-25cm;

[0036] The use amount of the sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent is 1.5-2kg / mu.

[0037] The interplanting of the hairy vetch and the white clover can reduce weed growth, improve soil structure, and indirectly reduce the risk of root disease caused by soil compaction; a large amount of organic matter can be released after mowing and burying, so as to enhance soil fertility and inhibit soil-borne diseases, and the soil can be loosened, water accumulation can be reduced, and the probability of occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as root rot can be reduced.

[0038] The following technical effects are disclosed in the application:

[0039] The sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent has excellent disease prevention and control effect, and can improve the yield of sesame while preventing and controlling diseases.

[0040] Most of the raw materials used in the sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent are derived from natural substances, are green and environmentally friendly, do not pollute the soil and environment, and are cheap and easy to obtain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] A variety of exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which should not be considered limiting of the present application, but rather as illustrative of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, like reference numerals are used to designate corresponding, akin or analogous components.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms used in the present application are merely for describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or stated range is also included within the present application. The upper limit and the lower limit of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, preferred methods and materials are described. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe in full the methods and / or materials which are described therein. In the case of conflict, the present specification will control.

[0044] Many modifications and variations to the illustrative embodiments described herein will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the present application. The specification and examples given are exemplary only.

[0045] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. "Comprising", "including", "containing", "characterized by", and "having" and the like are inclusive or open-ended terms: specificity of any particular features or characteristics are not required by these terms.

[0046] It should be noted that the present application does not describe in detail the conventional operation means in the art, and is not the focus of the present application.

[0047] I. Hosts and distribution of bacterial wilt

[0048] Bacterial wilt of plants caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major disease worldwide, which can be spread through soil, irrigation, transportation, plants, and seed potatoes. The host range of Ralstonia solanacearum is very wide, second only to Agrobacterium, and can infect more than 200 species of plants in more than 50 families, including monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Solanaceae plants such as tomato, potato, tobacco, eggplant, and pepper are the main hosts of Ralstonia solanacearum. Common hosts also include monocotyledons such as banana, plantain, ginger, and dicotyledons such as cowpea, winged bean, peanut, and lentil. Some ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana and woody plants such as annona, cashew, palm, papaya, olive, and eucalyptus. As the scope of research expands, new species are constantly being identified as new hosts of Ralstonia solanacearum, and the host range of Ralstonia solanacearum continues to expand.

[0049] Plant bacterial wilt is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Global warming caused by the "greenhouse effect" has led to the spread of the disease to higher latitudes and cooler regions, posing a great threat to crop production. Bacterial wilt is listed as a quarantine disease in Europe and the United States, but in recent years, with the transportation of diseased seeds, the pathogenic strain has spread rapidly worldwide, becoming the second largest plant bacterial pathogen and being called "cancer in plants". There have been reports of this disease since the 1960s, and since the 1970s, the disease area has continued to expand and the damage has become more severe.

[0050] II. Survival, infection, and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum

[0051] The life of P. solanacearum is very complex. According to the different habitats, P. solanacearum has both free-living and parasitic stages. Some strains can live freely in the soil or water without infecting the host. It is both saprophytic and endophytic because it can live for a long time in the rhizosphere of the host plant and parasitize the plant. Studies have shown that the main reason for the long-term survival of P. solanacearum in natural conditions is that it can invade the roots of many plants, but this invasion of plant roots does not cause symptoms in plants. Non-spore-forming bacteria mostly survive in this way. Plants that are easily infected by P. solanacearum are mostly its parasitic plants. Generally, P. solanacearum invades from the root wounds or natural cracks of secondary roots, then rapidly multiplies in the intercellular space and endodermis to cause plant disease. During plant growth, a sheath is formed between the root cap of the secondary root and the epidermis of the main root. P. solanacearum can penetrate this sheath to invade the intercellular space of the cortex, destroy the middle lamella between cells, separate and deform the cell wall, form cavities, and then invade the parenchyma of the xylem, causing the small cells near the vessels to be stimulated to form and move into the infection hyphae. After the infection hyphae break, the pathogen is released into the vessels, where it multiplies and expands, causing the plant to wilt and die. The main toxic or pathogenic factors of P. solanacearum are extracellular polysaccharides and extracellular proteins, which are the main toxic factors that cause the symptoms of P. solanacearum in host plants. The extracellular polysaccharides of P. solanacearum are a complex composed of various chemical substances, with the main components being nitrogen acetyl galactosylamine and nitrogen acetyl deoxyglucose.

[0052] III. Occurrence and damage of sesame bacterial wilt

[0053] The most obvious symptom of sesame bacterial wilt in the field is the appearance of bubble-like elevations on the stems of diseased plants. One or several ulcer-like cracks can appear on any part of the stem. Diseased plants with early and multiple ulcer-like cracks often appear deformed. Transparent filaments formed by bacterial pus can be seen when the stem is broken. At the early stage of the disease, dark green water-logged lesions appear on the stems of the plants. As the disease progresses, dark black lesions appear and spread upward and downward. Bacterial pus can be seen on the inside and outside of the stem. When the stem is cut open, the vascular bundle tissue turns brown and white bacterial pus flows out, which is the main diagnostic feature. Finally, the disease spreads to the pith of the stem, causing the stem to become hollow. When the diseased plant is pulled out, the roots have also turned brown. After the leaves are infected, the leaf veins turn black and green, with a central oil-logged wave. The entire leaf turns yellow and wilts, with the upper leaves remaining green and the lower leaves hanging and wilting before dying. When the capsules are infected, they have dark brown wavy lesions on the surface. The lesions gradually spread to the seeds, causing the infected seeds to become dry, shriveled, and contain less oil. In severe cases, the seeds cannot germinate. The symptoms of sesame in the laboratory are basically the same as those in the field. After being infected by the root irrigation method, the disease symptoms appear within 5 days. At the early stage, one or two leaves wilt, and within the next 2 days, the entire plant wilts. At the late stage of the disease, the stem vascular bundle turns brown.

[0054] The "parts" in the following examples are "mass parts".

[0055] The bacillus subtilis, hansenula debaryi, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus thuringiensis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus mycoides and pseudomonas aerugina used in the specific embodiment of the present application are all purchased from China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0056] The product number of the bacillus subtilis is CICC 10732; the product number of the hansenula debaryi is CICC 31821; the product number of the bacillus licheniformis is CICC 10097; the product number of the bacillus thuringiensis is CICC 20552; the product number of the rhodopseudomonas palustris is CICC 23812; the product number of the bacillus mycoides is CICC 21699; and the product number of the pseudomonas aeruginosa is CICC 10205.

[0057] The bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the hansenula debaryi bacterial liquid, the bacillus licheniformis bacterial liquid, the bacillus thuringiensis bacterial liquid, the rhodopseudomonas palustris bacterial liquid, the bacillus mycoides bacterial liquid and the pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial liquid used in the specific embodiment of the present application are all obtained after activation culture and fermentation culture in the liquid medium recommended by China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center, and the effective viable count is 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A preparation method of a sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent:

[0060] (1) The sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent is composed of the following components in mass parts: a microbial compound 2 parts, a plant extract 1.5 parts, a straw fermentation product 18 parts, a biomass charcoal 20 parts, a peanut shell 20 parts and a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 2.5 parts.

[0061] The plant extract is composed of the following components in mass parts: a solanum nigrum / withania mixed extract 8 parts and a portulaca oleracea extract 10 parts.

[0062] The microbial compound is composed of the following components in mass parts: a bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid 6 parts, a hansenula debaryi bacterial liquid 2 parts, a bacillus licheniformis bacterial liquid 5 parts, a bacillus thuringiensis bacterial liquid 8 parts and a rhodopseudomonas palustris bacterial liquid 4 parts.

[0063] (2) Preparation of a solanum nigrum / withania mixed extract

[0064] A. The solanum nigrum fruit and the withania stem and leaf are dried and crushed to 100 mesh to obtain solanum nigrum fruit powder and withania stem and leaf powder.

[0065] B. Mix the powder of Solanum nigrum fruit, the powder of Solanum dulcamara stem and leaf, and the acid solution in a ratio of 1 g:1 g:20 mL, and then filter the mixture after microwave extraction (power: 300 W, temperature: 70°C, time: 15 min) to obtain a filtrate, which is the crude extract.

[0066] The acid solution is composed of nitric acid, methanol, and water, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid in the acid solution is 0.1 mol / L, and the concentration of the methanol in the acid solution is 60 vol.%.

[0067] C. Add ammonia water to the crude extract to adjust the pH to 10, and then filter the mixture after standing for 12 h to obtain a filter cake, which is dried to obtain the mixed extract of Solanum nigrum and Solanum dulcamara.

[0068] (3) Preparation of the extract of Portulaca oleracea

[0069] A. Dry and crush Portulaca oleracea to 100 mesh to obtain the powder of Portulaca oleracea.

[0070] B. Mix the powder of Portulaca oleracea and an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 65 vol.% in a ratio of 1 g:15 mL, and then filter the mixture after heating extraction (temperature: 60°C, time: 40 min) to obtain the extract of Portulaca oleracea.

[0071] (4) Preparation of the sesame Xianukui disease prevention and treatment agent

[0072] A. Add the microbial complex to the LB liquid medium (the volume ratio of the microbial complex to the LB liquid medium is 1:50), and then culture the mixture in a shaker for 6 h (rotation speed: 150 r / min, temperature: 30°C) before adding the biochar (i.e. coconut shell biochar, particle size: 50 nm, purchased from Changge Xinrun Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.), and then load the mixture in the shaker at a low speed for 12 h (rotation speed: 50 r / min, temperature: 30°C), and then filter the mixture to collect a filter cake, which is dried at 40°C and then mixed with the plant extract and peanut shell powder (particle size: 1 μm) to obtain a mixture, and then spray a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 3 wt.% on the mixture, and then low-temperature granulation (temperature: 40°C) to obtain composite particles with a particle size of 2 mm.

[0073] B. Add the straw fermented product (particle size: 5 μm) to the composite particles, spray a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 3 wt.% on the mixture to wrap the straw fermented product on the surface of the composite particles, and then spray a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose aqueous solution (concentration: 10 wt.%) on the mixture, and then low-temperature drying (temperature: 40°C) to obtain the sesame Xianukui disease prevention and treatment agent.

[0074] The straw fermented product is prepared by mixing crushed sesame straw with Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid in a ratio of 100 g:1 mL, adjusting the water content to about 55%, and then stacking the mixture for fermentation at 40°C for 28 d, and then drying and crushing the fermented mixture to a particle size of 5 μm.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A preparation method of a sesame bacterial wilt prevention agent

[0077] (1) The sesame bacterial wilt prevention agent is composed of the following components in parts by mass: a microbial compound 1.5 parts, a plant extract 2 parts, a straw fermented product 15 parts, a biomass charcoal 18 parts, a peanut shell 25 parts, and a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 2 parts.

[0078] The plant extract is composed of the following components in parts by mass: a Solanum nigrum / Lycianthes grisebachii mixed extract 6 parts and a Portulaca oleracea extract 12 parts.

[0079] The microbial compound is composed of the following components in parts by mass: a Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution 5 parts, a Hansenula debaryana bacterial solution 3 parts, a Bacillus licheniformis bacterial solution 6 parts, a Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial solution 5 parts, and a Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacterial solution 5 parts.

[0080] (2) Preparation of a Solanum nigrum / Lycianthes grisebachii mixed extract

[0081] A. The Solanum nigrum fruit and the Lycianthes grisebachii stem and leaf are dried and ground to 100 mesh to obtain Solanum nigrum fruit powder and Lycianthes grisebachii stem and leaf powder.

[0082] B. The Solanum nigrum fruit powder, the Lycianthes grisebachii stem and leaf powder, and an acid solution are mixed in a ratio of 1 g:1 g:20 mL, and then microwave extraction is performed (power 250 W, temperature 80°C, time 10 min) followed by filtration to collect the filtrate to obtain a crude extract;

[0083] The acid solution is composed of nitric acid, methanol, and water; the concentration of nitric acid in the acid solution is 0.2 mol / L, and the concentration of methanol is 55 vol.%.

[0084] C. Ammonia water is added to the crude extract to adjust the pH to 10, and then the mixture is allowed to stand for 12 h followed by filtration to obtain a filter cake, which is dried to obtain the Solanum nigrum / Lycianthes grisebachii mixed extract.

[0085] (3) Preparation of a Portulaca oleracea extract

[0086] A. The Portulaca oleracea is dried and ground to 100 mesh to obtain Portulaca oleracea powder.

[0087] B. The Portulaca oleracea powder and an ethanol aqueous solution with a concentration of 75 vol.% are mixed in a ratio of 1 g:12 mL, and then heated extraction is performed (temperature 55°C, time 60 min) followed by filtration to collect the filtrate, which is concentrated and dried to obtain the Portulaca oleracea extract.

[0088] (4) Preparation of a sesame bacterial wilt prevention agent

[0089] A. The microbial complex was added to LB liquid medium (volume ratio of microbial complex to LB liquid medium was 1:50), and then placed in a shaker for 6 h (rotation speed was 150 r / min, and temperature was 30 °C) before adding biochar (i.e. coconut shell biochar, particle size was 50 nm, purchased from Changge Xinrun Activated Carbon Co., Ltd.), and then loaded in a shaker for 12 h (rotation speed was 50 r / min, and temperature was 30 °C). After filtration, the filter cake was collected, dried at 40 °C, and then mixed with plant extract and peanut shell powder (particle size was 1 μm) to obtain a uniform mixture. Then, a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 3 wt.% was sprayed, and low-temperature granulation was performed (temperature was 40 °C) to obtain composite particles with a particle size of 1.5 mm.

[0090] B. The straw ferment was added to the composite particles (particle size was 5 μm), and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 3 wt.% was sprayed to wrap the straw ferment on the surface of the composite particles. After natural air-drying, an aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (concentration was 10 wt.%) was sprayed, and low-temperature drying was performed (temperature was 40 °C) to obtain the sesame bacterial wilt control agent.

[0091] In the preparation of the straw ferment, the sesame straw was crushed and mixed with Bacillus subtilis liquid at a ratio of 100 g:1 mL, and the water content was adjusted to about 55%. The mixture was stacked and fermented at 40 °C for 28 d. After fermentation, the mixture was air-dried and crushed to a particle size of 5 μm to obtain the straw ferment.

[0092] Comparative Example 1

[0093] The same as Example 1, except that the sesame bacterial wilt control agent did not contain plant extract.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] The same as Example 1, except that the preparation of the nightshade / Solanum nigrum mixed extract was as follows:

[0096] A. The nightshade fruit and Solanum nigrum stem and leaf were dried and crushed to 100 mesh to obtain nightshade fruit powder and Solanum nigrum stem and leaf powder.

[0097] B. The nightshade fruit powder, Solanum nigrum stem and leaf powder, and an aqueous ethanol solution with a concentration of 60 vol.% were mixed at a ratio of 1 g:1 g:20 mL. After microwave extraction (power was 300 W, temperature was 70 °C, and time was 15 min), the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain a crude extract.

[0098] C. Ammonia water was added to the crude extract, and the pH was adjusted to 10. After standing for 12 h, the mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dried to obtain the nightshade / Solanum nigrum mixed extract.

[0099] Comparative Example 3

[0100] The same as Example 1, except that the straw ferment is replaced by dry sesame straw powder (particle size of 5 μm).

[0101] Comparative Example 4

[0102] The same as Example 1, except that the Bacillus subtilis liquid in the complex microorganism is replaced by an equal mass fraction of a jelly-like Bacillus subtilis liquid, and the Hansenula debaryomyces liquid is replaced by an equal mass fraction of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa liquid.

[0103] Comparative Example 5

[0104] The same as Example 1, except that the biomass charcoal is replaced by an equal mass fraction of diatomite (particle size of 50 nm, purchased from Hengshou County Hengyang Mineral Product Processing Factory).

[0105] Application Example 1

[0106] A method for preventing and treating sesame bacterial wilt:

[0107] The sesame variety Jinyuanma (black sesame) is used as the test sesame, and 8 treatments are set up, with 3 repetitions for each treatment, for a total of 24 plots, and the area of each plot is 100 m 2 . Randomized block arrangement is used for each plot. The planting plot has been continuously planted with sesame for 3 years.

[0108] Before sowing the sesame, the planting plot is plowed, and the sesame bacterial wilt prevention and treatment agent prepared in the example or comparative example is applied at a dosage of 1.5-2 kg / acre, mixed evenly with the soil, and then raked flat. After standing, rows are made (the width of the row is 60-70 cm, and the width of the row ditch is 20-25 cm), and two rows of sesame are sown on the row surface, with a density of about 225,000 plants / hm 2 . Routine field management is performed, and no other disease prevention and treatment agent is applied during the period, and a plot to which no disease prevention and treatment agent is applied is used as a blank control.

[0109] At the maturation stage of the sesame, the bacterial wilt disease condition of each plot is investigated, the disease condition index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated, and the yield of the sesame is counted and calculated.

[0110] Severity classification of sesame bacterial wilt:

[0111] 0 grade, no disease on the whole plant;

[0112] 1 grade, 1-2 leaf blades are wilted or the stem has short black-brown strip spots;

[0113] 3 grade, 1 / 3 or less of the leaves of the plant are wilted, or the length of the black-brown strip spots on the stem is less than 1 / 3 of the length of the stem;

[0114] 5 grade, 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the leaves of the plant are wilted, or the length of the black-brown strip spots on the stem accounts for 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the length of the stem;

[0115] Level 7: More than 2 / 3 of the plant's leaves are wilted, or the length of the dark brown streaks on the stem is greater than 2 / 3 of the stem length;

[0116] The level 9 diseased plants are basically dead.

[0117] Disease index = ∑ (number of diseased plants at each level × representative value at each level) / (total number of plants surveyed × 9) × 100;

[0118] Prevention efficacy (%) = (disease index in control area - disease index in treatment area) / disease index in control area × 100%.

[0119] Table 1. Control efficacy against bacterial wilt

[0120] Agent applied Disease index Control effect (%) Example 1 6.71 74.70 Example 2 7.31 72.44 Comparative Example 1 10.65 59.84 Comparative Example 2 8.93 66.33 Comparative Example 3 9.21 65.27 Comparative Example 4 8.67 67.31 Comparative Example 5 9.63 63.69 Blank control 26.52 —

[0121] Table 2 Sesame Yield

[0122] Agent applied Yield (kg / mu) Example 1 79.51 Example 2 77.14 Comparative Example 1 67.26 Comparative Example 2 68.83 Comparative Example 3 67.15 Comparative Example 4 70.43 Comparative Example 5 67.77 Blank control 63.32

[0123] Application Example 2

[0124] A method for preventing and controlling bacterial wilt in sesame:

[0125] The tested sesame variety was Golden Sesame (black sesame). The experiment consisted of two treatments, with three replicates for each treatment, for a total of six plots, each plot measuring 100m². 2 Each plot was arranged using a randomized block designation. The planting plots have been used for sesame cultivation for three consecutive years.

[0126] Before sowing sesame, till the planting area and apply the sesame bacterial wilt control agent prepared in Example 1 at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. Mix it evenly with the soil, rake it level, let it stand, and then make ridges (ridge width 60-70 cm, furrow width 20-25 cm). Sow sesame on the ridges at a density of approximately 225,000 plants / hm². 2 Immediately after sowing sesame, sow a row of mixed green manure plants (hairy vetch and white clover with a seed-to-weight ratio of 1:1, with a plant spacing of about 10cm) in the furrows; cut and bury the hairy vetch and white clover 40-45 days after sowing (burying depth of 10cm); carry out routine field management, without applying any other disease control agents, and use a control plot without applying any disease control agents or intercropping green manure plants as a blank control.

[0127] During the sesame ripening period, the incidence of bacterial wilt was investigated in each plot, and the disease index and control efficacy were calculated; the sesame yield was also statistically analyzed and calculated.

[0128] Table 3. Control efficacy against bacterial wilt

[0129] Agent applied Disease index Control effect (%) Example 1 5.51 75.37 Blank control 22.37 —

[0130] Table 4 Sesame Yield

[0131] Grouping Yield (kg / mu) Example 1 81.73 Blank control 66.27

[0132] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fungicide for controlling bacterial wilt in sesame, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 1.5-2 parts of microbial complex, 1-2 parts of plant extract, 15-20 parts of straw fermentation, 15-20 parts of biochar, 20-25 parts of peanut shell and 2-3 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; The plant extract comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6-9 parts of a mixed extract of black nightshade and belladonna and 10-12 parts of a purslane extract.

2. The sesame bacterial wilt control agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the solanum / bellonasa mixed extract includes the following steps: The black nightshade fruit and belladonna stems and leaves were dried and then pulverized to obtain black nightshade fruit powder and belladonna stem and leaf powder. The powdered black nightshade fruit, the powdered belladonna stem and leaves, and the acid solution were mixed, extracted by microwave, filtered, and the filtrate was collected to obtain the crude extract. Add alkali to the crude extract, let it stand, filter it, take the filter cake, and dry it to obtain a mixed extract of black nightshade and belladonna.

3. The sesame bacterial wilt control agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acid solution is composed of an inorganic acid, methanol, and water; the concentration of the inorganic acid is 0.1~0.2 mol / L; the concentration of the methanol is 55~65 vol.%. And / or, the microwave extraction power is 250~350W, the temperature is 60~80℃, and the time is 10~15min.

4. The sesame bacterial wilt control agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the purslane extract includes the following steps: After drying, purslane is pulverized to obtain purslane powder. Purslane powder and ethanol aqueous solution were mixed, heated and extracted, filtered, and the filtrate was collected, concentrated and dried to obtain the purslane extract.

5. The sesame bacterial wilt control agent according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ratio of purslane powder to ethanol aqueous solution is 1g:10~15mL; And / or, the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 65~75 vol.%; And / or, the heating extraction temperature is 55~65℃, and the time is 30~60min.

6. The sesame bacterial wilt control agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial complex comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of Saccharomyces hanssonii, 4-6 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 5-8 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis, and 4-5 parts of Rhodopseudomonas palustris.

7. A method for preparing a sesame bacterial wilt control agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Microbial complexes were loaded onto biochar, and then plant extracts, peanut shells and starch aqueous solution were added. The mixture was then granulated at low temperature to obtain composite particles. After coating the surface of the composite particles with fermented straw, a solution of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is sprayed on top, and the mixture is dried at low temperature to obtain the sesame bacterial wilt control agent.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The particle size of the composite particles is 1.5~2mm.

9. A method for controlling bacterial wilt of sesame, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Before sowing sesame, the planting plot is plowed, and the sesame bacterial wilt control agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is applied, mixed evenly with the soil, and then leveled. After standing, ridges are made, and sesame is sown on the ridges. Conventional field management is then carried out.

10. The prevention and control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, This also includes sowing hairy vetch and white clover in furrows, and harvesting and burying the hairy vetch and white clover 40-45 days after sowing; And / or, the width of the ridge is 60-70cm, and the width of the furrow is 20-25cm; And / or, the dosage of the sesame bacterial wilt control agent is 1.5~2 kg / mu.