Application of Anomala diana Motschulsky defatted insect powder in preparation of feed products for Siniperca chuatsi, feed products

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of fish feed formula, and particularly relates to application of white star flower beetle defatted mealworm powder in preparation of mandarin fish feed product and the feed product. The mandarin fish feed product comprises base feed and white star flower beetle larva defatted mealworm powder, and the total amount of fish meal and white star flower beetle larva defatted mealworm powder is 60 parts by mass, and the white star flower beetle larva defatted mealworm powder accounts for 24-36 parts. After the white star flower beetle larva defatted mealworm powder provided by the application is used to feed mandarin fish, the liver antioxidant indexes SOD and T-AOC of the mandarin fish are significantly increased, and the ability of resisting damage of intestinal tract caused by Aeromonas hydrophila is improved. The table shows that the white star flower beetle larva defatted mealworm powder can be used as a feed product for increasing muscle protein content of the mandarin fish, improving development of intestinal tissue structure of the mandarin fish and improving disease resistance, and the white star flower beetle larva defatted mealworm powder can reduce the feeding cost of the mandarin fish while improving the survival rate of the mandarin fish.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fish feed formulation technology, specifically relating to the application of defatted insect powder of white-spotted beetle in the preparation of mandarin fish feed products and feed products. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, aquaculture has been developing towards intensification and integrated operations. In intensive aquaculture production, the main production cost is the cost of formulated feed.

[0003] Among all the ingredients in compound feed, protein sources play a crucial role in the growth of aquatic animals and account for the highest cost. There are many types of protein sources, with fishmeal being considered the best protein source in aquatic animal compound feeds due to its rich and balanced nutritional content and good palatability. However, fishmeal is mainly sourced from deep-sea fishing, resulting in limited production. Furthermore, overfishing and environmental degradation may further reduce future production. On the other hand, with the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, the demand for fishmeal is expected to rise significantly in the future.

[0004] As a typical carnivorous fish, mandarin fish is being forced to shift from live fish farming to feed farming due to the high economic and labor costs. Furthermore, mandarin fish have a high demand for feed protein, and the current addition of fishmeal to commercial feed is close to 60%. However, with the shortage of fishmeal resources and rising prices in recent years, finding alternative protein sources to fishmeal remains a huge challenge.

[0005] Furthermore, the fish's intestines are not only an important digestive and absorptive organ, but also the body's largest immune defense organ, endocrine organ, and vital metabolic organ. Intestinal damage often leads to damage to the fish's hepatopancreas and other organs. As a carnivorous fish, mandarin fish is heavily affected by enteritis in aquaculture. The main pathogens of enteritis are Aeromonas and various other pathogenic bacteria. During long-term aquaculture, feed composition, aquatic environment, and intestinal flora can all affect the intestinal health of mandarin fish, thus inducing enteritis. Improving feed formulation, reducing the incidence of enteritis, and increasing survival rates are also challenges faced in mandarin fish farming.

[0006] The white-spotted flower beetle is an insect belonging to the family Scarabaeidae in the order Coleoptera. While the adult white-spotted flower beetle is a significant agricultural pest, its larval stage can be utilized through its saprophytic behavior, playing a role in decomposing straw. In recent years, with the maturation of white-spotted flower beetle rearing techniques, exploring more economically viable uses for its larvae has become essential. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention first provides the application of defatted insect powder of white-spotted flower beetle larvae in the preparation of mandarin fish feed products.

[0008] Preferably, the amount of defatted insect powder of white-spotted flower beetle larvae added to the mandarin fish feed product is 24-36% by mass.

[0009] Furthermore, the mandarin fish feed product has the function of improving the development of the intestinal tissue structure of mandarin fish, and the improvement of the intestinal tissue structure development of mandarin fish is to increase the height of the intestinal villi of mandarin fish.

[0010] Furthermore, the mandarin fish feed product has the function of increasing the protein content of mandarin fish muscle.

[0011] Furthermore, the mandarin fish feed product has the function of improving the resistance of mandarin fish to Aeromonas hydrophila.

[0012] Preferably, in the application described above, the method for preparing the defatted insect powder of the white-spotted flower beetle larvae is as follows: after the white-spotted flower beetle larvae hatch, they are fed with fermented and decomposed Ganoderma lucidum residue until the third instar. The larvae are then dried in an oven at 45°C for 72 hours, and the dried insect bodies are then crushed to obtain insect powder. The insect powder is then soaked in petroleum ether at 80-90°C for 10-12 hours, the petroleum ether is filtered off, and the powder is dried to obtain defatted insect powder.

[0013] In the application described above, the formula of the mandarin fish feed product, per 100 parts by weight, includes 24-36 parts fish meal, 24-36 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, and the total amount of fish meal and defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder is 60 parts; and 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-dimensional and multi-mineral mixture is composed of vitamin premix and mineral premix in a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0015] The vitamin premix contains the following per kilogram: 20 mg pyridoxine, 50 mg calcium pantothenate, 20 mg riboflavin, 100 mg inositol, 2 mg cyanocobalamin, 5 mg biotin, 440,000 IU vitamin A, 96,000 IU vitamin D3, 10 mg vitamin K, 100 mg vitamin E, 100 mg niacin, 5 mg folic acid, and 20 mg thiamine.

[0016] The mineral premix contains calcium lactate (C6H) per kilogram of mineral premix. 10 CaO6 . 5H₂O 1750 mg, cobalt sulfate (CoSO₄) . 0.5 mg of 6H₂O, copper sulfate (CuSO₄) .5H₂O 15.5 mg, ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) 1250 mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) 16000 mg, potassium iodide (KI) 1.5 mg, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) . 7H2O 7500 mg, manganese sulfate MnSO4 . 4H₂O 80mg, Sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mg, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) . 2H₂O 12500 mg, Zinc sulfate ZnSO₄ . 7H2O 176.5 mg.

[0017] The present invention also provides a mandarin fish feed product, comprising, by weight, 24-36 parts fish meal, 24-36 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, and the total amount of fish meal and defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder is 60 parts; and 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder being microcrystalline cellulose.

[0018] Preferably, based on 100 parts by weight, it comprises 24 parts fish meal, 36 parts defatted white-spotted flower beetle larvae powder, 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder being microcrystalline cellulose.

[0019] Preferably, the mandarin fish feed product has the ability to improve the development of the intestinal tissue structure of mandarin fish and / or increase the protein content of mandarin fish muscle and / or improve the disease resistance of mandarin fish to Aeromonas hydrophila.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0021] 1) In existing alternatives to feed protein sources, adding plant-based feed protein sources can lead to a deficiency of essential amino acids, and most plant protein sources contain limiting amino acids, which will seriously affect the growth and development of fish. In contrast, defatted insect powder from the white-spotted flower beetle is rich in protein and has a balanced amino acid composition, which can improve the nutritional comprehensiveness of mandarin fish feed.

[0022] 2) The third-instar larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle are selected to produce defatted insect meal as a feed source for mandarin fish. The larvae themselves are odorless, have low moisture content, and a high meal yield, making them suitable for formulating livestock, poultry, and aquatic feeds. Third-instar larvae are not only large in size but also possess high-quality protein and amino acid composition, with relatively higher content. Compared to fishmeal, white-spotted flower beetle larvae defatted insect meal has advantages such as lower feed price and lower production cost, making its development prospects as a feed product extremely promising.

[0023] 3) Due to the significant difference in fatty acid composition between white-spotted flower beetle larvae meal and fish oil, excessive addition can cause an imbalance of fatty acids in the fish, thereby inhibiting growth performance. This application involves defatting the meal, and it was found that defatted meal not only fully retains its nutritional value but also does not inhibit fish growth performance even with a significant increase in the replacement ratio. It can replace up to 80% of the fishmeal in mandarin fish feed, and the substitution efficiency of defatted meal is significantly improved.

[0024] 4) Experiments show that the optimal replacement ratio of feed made from the defatted larvae of the white-spotted beetle provided by this invention is 40-60%. The antioxidant capacity of the liver of the mandarin fish raised in this invention is significantly increased and the total cholesterol content is reduced. This indicates that the defatted larvae of the white-spotted beetle can be used as a feed product to increase the protein content of the muscle of mandarin fish and / or improve the development of the intestinal tissue structure and / or enhance the disease resistance. This reduces the cost of raising mandarin fish while increasing the survival rate of mandarin fish. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 Heatmaps for cluster analysis of fatty acids from different insects and fish oils.

[0026] Figure 2 To investigate the effects of different proportions of defatted insect powder feed on the immunity and liver antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish, Figure A shows the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the liver of mandarin fish, Figure B shows the catalase (CAT) activity in the liver of mandarin fish, Figure C shows the glutathione (GSH) content in the liver of mandarin fish, and Figure D shows the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver of mandarin fish.

[0027] Figure 3 The effect of different proportions of defatted insect powder feed for white-spotted beetles on the muscle texture of mandarin fish was investigated. Figure A is a radar chart of texture indicators; Figure B is a radar chart area = 1 / 2 × (hardness × chewiness + chewiness × adhesiveness + adhesiveness × elasticity + elasticity × cohesiveness + cohesiveness × resilience + resilience × hardness) × sin60°.

[0028] Figure 4To investigate the effects of different proportions of defatted insect powder feed for white-spotted beetles on the intestinal structure of mandarin fish, Figure A shows intestinal slices of mandarin fish in groups CG, PB20, PB40, PB60, PB80, and PB100; Figure B shows the height of intestinal villi; and Figure C shows the thickness of the intestinal muscle layer.

[0029] Figure 5 The study investigated the effects of Aeromonas hydrophila attack on the intestinal structure of mandarin fish 24 h after infection. Figure A shows intestinal sections of mandarin fish from groups CG, PB20, PB40, PB60, PB80, and PB100. Figure B shows the height of intestinal villi, and Figure C shows the thickness of the intestinal muscle layer.

[0030] Figure 6 Mortality rates of mandarin fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 24 h and 72 h. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein have the meanings conventionally understood by those skilled in the art.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See Figure 1 Cluster analysis heatmaps show that the fatty acid composition of white-spotted flower beetle larvae meal is closer to fishmeal than other common insect meal, but there are still significant differences. This substantial difference in fatty acids can lead to decreased growth performance and reduced immunity in mandarin fish, making them more susceptible to various diseases.

[0034] Insect powder was prepared using third-instar larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle. The preparation method was as follows: after hatching, the white-spotted flower beetle larvae were fed with fermented and decomposed Ganoderma lucidum residue. After being fed until the third instar, the larvae were dried in an oven at 45°C for 72 hours. Then, the dried insect bodies were crushed and the insect powder was soaked in petroleum ether. After being degreased at 90°C for 12 hours, the powder was filtered and dried to obtain degreased insect powder.

[0035] The amino acid content of defatted insect powder was analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1. Amino acid content (crude protein %) of defatted beetle powder.

[0037]

[0038] Based on the nutritional requirements of mandarin fish, a basic feed formula for mandarin fish was formulated. Defatted insect powder from white-spotted beetles replaced 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the fishmeal, respectively. Five experimental feeds were prepared according to the formulas in Table 2 and used in mandarin fish farming experiments. The crude protein and crude fat contents of the experimental feed groups were tested according to national standards GB / T 5511-2008 (Kjeldahl method) and GB5009.6-2016 (crude fat). After an 8-week mandarin fish farming experiment, the growth performance and changes in biochemical indicators of different groups of mandarin fish were examined.

[0039] Table 2 Compound feed formulation (dry weight %)

[0040]

[0041] In the above formula, fish meal and defatted white-spotted beetle powder are both protein sources; fish oil and soybean oil are used to supplement fat; yeast extract is used as an additive to supplement nutrition, promote growth, improve feed palatability, increase feed utilization, and enhance immunity; taurine is used as an additive to promote digestion and absorption, improve metabolism, and enhance the body's immunity; multivitamins and minerals provide the vitamins and minerals needed for fish growth; calcium dihydrogen phosphate provides the calcium element needed for growth, improves water quality, and promotes fish bone growth; sodium alginate improves the nutritional value of feed, promotes the growth and development of aquatic animals, and increases feed viscosity; and microcrystalline cellulose is added as a feed supplement.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] 1. Aquaculture Experiment

[0044] The rearing experiment lasted for 8 weeks and was divided into 6 groups, using mandarin fish measuring 10 cm in length and weighing approximately 15 g. To ensure the scientific rigor of the experiment, each group had 3 parallel rearing tanks, for a total of 18 tanks. Each tank was fed daily at 7:30 AM and 6:00 PM with the corresponding group's feed. Uneaten feed was collected one hour after each feeding, and a siphon was used to remove uneaten feed and feces from the tank to ensure water quality.

[0045] 2. Sample Collection

[0046] After the culture trial, the experimental fish were starved for 24 hours before sampling. All mandarin fish were anesthetized with MS-222 (200 mg / L), and three mandarin fish were randomly selected from each culture tank for weighing to calculate growth performance. Three fish were randomly selected from each tank for whole-fish composition analysis and stored at -20°C. Three fish were also randomly selected from each tank, and an appropriate amount of liver was taken and cryovialed and quickly placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C for detecting liver antioxidant enzyme activity. Mandarin fish intestines were taken and cryovialed and quickly placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C for detecting intestinal digestive enzyme activity.

[0047] 3 Results

[0048] 3.1 Effects of White-spotted Flower Beetle Powder on the Growth Performance of Mandarin Fish

[0049] Mandarin fish were anesthetized and weighed using MS-222 anesthetic. Three fish were randomly selected from each tank for weighing. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and the average value was taken. The final body weight, feed conversion ratio, hepatobiliary ratio, specific growth rate, and weight gain rate were calculated based on the initial body weight. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0050] Weight gain rate (WGR, %) = 100 × (W t -W0) / W0

[0051] Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = W d / (W t -W0)

[0052] Specific growth rate (SGR, % / d) = 100 × (lnW) t -lnW0) / d

[0053] Hepatosomatic index (HSI, %) = 100 × W h / W t

[0054] W t W0 and W0 represent the final weight and initial weight of the mandarin fish, respectively; W d The dry weight of the feed ingested is given, d is the number of days of rearing, and W is the number of days of rearing. h This indicates a condition of dampness in the liver.

[0055] The results are shown in Table 3. It can be seen that when the proportion of defatted insect meal replacing fish meal by white-spotted beetle larvae reached 80%, the specific growth rate and weight gain rate of mandarin fish did not change significantly, but the feed conversion ratio increased significantly compared with the control group. When the proportion of fish meal replacement reached 100%, the growth performance indicators of mandarin fish decreased significantly except for the liver-to-body ratio and weight gain rate, which did not change significantly.

[0056] Table 3. Growth performance data of mandarin fish

[0057]

[0058] Note: Values ​​are expressed as mean ± standard error (n=3). Different letters in the same row of the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0059] 3.2 Fish body composition analysis

[0060] The crude ash, moisture, crude protein, and crude fat content of whole mandarin fish and muscle were determined according to the national standards GB 5009.4-2010 (crude ash), GB 5009.3-2016 (moisture), GB / T 5511-2008 (Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method), and GB5009.6-2016 (crude fat). The results are shown in Table 4.

[0061] Table 4. Whole fish and muscle composition analysis

[0062]

[0063] Note: Values ​​are expressed as mean ± standard error (n=3). Different letters in the same row of the table indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0064] It can be seen that as the proportion of defatted insect meal replacing fish meal increased, the crude protein and crude fat content of the whole fish did not change significantly compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, the crude protein content of muscle in the PB40, PB60, PB80, and PB100 groups increased significantly, while the crude fat and crude ash content of muscle did not change significantly compared with the control group.

[0065] 3.3 Effects on the muscle quality of mandarin fish

[0066] Analysis was performed using a texture analyzer TA.touch (China Boxin Industrial Development Co., Ltd.). Each muscle sample was cut into small pieces of the same size (10 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm). The samples were subjected to two compression tests, i.e., TPA testing. The test conditions were as follows: a flat-bottomed cylindrical probe P35 was used to press the sample perpendicular to the muscle fibers; the pre-test speed was 1 mm / sec, the test speed was 1 mm / sec, and the subsequent test speed was 1 mm / sec; the deformation was set to 50%; the dwell time was 5 sec; and three parallel samples were measured in each group. The results are shown in Table 5. Figure 2 As shown.

[0067] Table 5. Muscle texture of mandarin fish after consuming the experimental diet.

[0068]

[0069] Note: Values ​​are expressed as mean ± standard error (n=3). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences. P <0.05).

[0070] From Table 5, Figure 2 It can be seen that the muscle hardness, chewiness, and resilience of the PB100 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. No significant changes were observed in the other groups. This indicates that using up to 80% replacement of fishmeal with defatted white-spotted beetle meal in mandarin fish feed will not significantly affect the muscle quality of mandarin fish.

[0071] 3.4 Effects on the immunity and antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish

[0072] The antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish liver was detected using a total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) kit purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0073] The results are as follows Figure 3 As shown, the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver of mandarin fish were all enhanced with the addition of defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, with the PB80 group showing a significant increase in antioxidant capacity. This indicates that the addition of defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder has a significant enhancing effect on the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish liver.

[0074] 3.5 Effects on the blood biochemistry of mandarin fish

[0075] Plasma parameters included total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acids (TBA), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), all of which were detected using kits from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (catalog numbers: A110-1, F002-1, A113-1, A112-1, C010-2, C009-2, E003-2, A059-2).

[0076] Table 6. Physicochemical components of blood in mandarin fish after ingestion of the experimental diet.

[0077]

[0078] Note: Values ​​are expressed as mean ± standard error (n=3). Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences. P <0.05).

[0079] Referring to Table 6, after feeding the experimental feed, the high-density lipoprotein content in the blood of mandarin fish in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group; the low-density lipoprotein content in the PB20, PB60, PB80, and PB100 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group; the total cholesterol content in the PB60, PB80, and PB100 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group; and the alkaline phosphatase content in the PB20, PB60, and PB100 groups was significantly lower than that in the control group; the remaining indicators showed no significant changes.

[0080] 3.6 Effects on the intestinal structure of mandarin fish

[0081] Intestinal tissue from mandarin fish was fixed, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. The sections were then processed to a thickness of 5 μm using a tissue sectioning machine. The paraffin sections were subsequently stained with an Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid-Schefflera Staining (AB-PAS) kit (G1049, ServiceBio). The morphology of the intestinal tissue was observed and photographed under a microscope at 4× magnification. The thickness of the intestinal muscle layer and the height of 10 folds were measured at 10 locations in the sections using ImageJ software (v.1.53k, National Institutes of Health, USA).

[0082] The results are as follows Figure 4 As shown in the figure, B is the intestinal villus height map, and C is the intestinal muscle layer thickness map. Figure 4 As can be seen from B, the villus height in the PB40 and PB60 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, the muscle layer thickness in the PB20 group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and there were no significant changes in the other groups.

[0083] The above experiments show that using defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder to replace fishmeal can achieve a replacement ratio of up to 80%, significantly reducing the production cost of mandarin fish feed. Furthermore, the addition of defatted insect powder can improve the liver's antioxidant stress resistance and overall liver health in mandarin fish, reducing liver and intestinal damage during feeding. Intestinal sections also revealed that the addition of insect powder increased intestinal villi height, improved intestinal tissue structure development, and enhanced intestinal digestive capacity. In conclusion, defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder can significantly reduce the production cost of mandarin fish feed, improve the liver's antioxidant stress resistance, and enhance intestinal health.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment

[0086] Aeromonas hydrophila strains were obtained from the Disease Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, Anhui Agricultural University. The strains were cultured overnight at 37 °C on LB liquid medium, centrifuged, the medium was discarded, and the culture was resuspended in physiological saline. Mandarin fish that had undergone an eight-week culture experiment were grouped according to the same groups used in the previous experiment, with 10... 7 Intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of CFU / g.

[0087] After the challenge experiment, mortality rates were calculated at 24 h and 72 h. At 24 h, three mandarin fish were randomly selected from each tank and anesthetized with MS-222 (200 mg / L). Intestinal tissue was collected and fixed in tissue fixative for the preparation of intestinal sections.

[0088] result

[0089] Figure 5 The study investigated the effects of Aeromonas hydrophila on the intestinal structure of mandarin fish. It was found that after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the intestinal villi of mandarin fish exhibited significant collapse. The villi height in the PB40, PB80, and PB100 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The muscle layer thickness in the PB20 group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while no significant changes were observed in the other groups.

[0090] Figure 6 The study investigated the effect of feeding on the resistance of mandarin fish to Aeromonas hydrophila invasion. It was found that 24 h after injection of Aeromonas hydrophila, the mortality rates of the CG, PB20, PB40, PB60, PB80, and PB100 groups were 50%, 40%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 80%, respectively; and 72 h after injection, the mortality rates were 100%, 40%, 30%, 30%, 50%, and 100%, respectively.

[0091] Experiments have shown that replacing fishmeal with defatted insect powder from the white-spotted beetle helps mandarin fish resist intestinal damage caused by Aeromonas hydrophila and reduces the mortality rate of mandarin fish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] A mandarin fish feed product uses defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder to replace part of the fishmeal in the basic feed. The formula is as follows: by weight, 100 parts include 24-36 parts fishmeal, 24-36 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, and the total amount of fishmeal and defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder is 60 parts; and 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0094] The vitamin premix contains the following per kilogram: pyridoxine 20 mg, calcium pantothenate 50 mg, riboflavin 20 mg, inositol 100 mg, cyanocobalamin 2 mg, biotin 5 mg, vitamin A 440,000 IU, vitamin D3 96,000 IU, vitamin K 10 mg, vitamin E 100 mg, niacin 100 mg, folic acid 5 mg, and thiamine 20 mg.

[0095] The mineral premix contains calcium lactate (C6H) per kilogram. 10 CaO6 . 5H₂O 1750 mg, cobalt sulfate (CoSO₄) . 0.5 mg of 6H₂O, copper sulfate (CuSO₄) .5H₂O 15.5 mg, ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) 1250 mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) 16000 mg, potassium iodide (KI) 1.5 mg, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) . 7H2O 7500 mg, manganese sulfate MnSO4 . 4H₂O 80 mg, Sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mg, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) . 2H₂O 12500 mg, Zinc sulfate ZnSO₄ . 7H2O 176.5 mg.

[0096] The preparation method of this feed is as follows:

[0097] S1. Except for fish oil and soybean oil, grind each solid raw material into powder and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve. This step can remove impurities in the raw materials and hard substances such as fish bones mixed in the fish meal to avoid injuring the young fish.

[0098] S2. First, mix the ingredients in relatively small amounts, such as corn starch gelatinization, yeast extract, taurine, multivitamins and minerals, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium alginate, and choline, in the required proportions until homogeneous.

[0099] S3. Add the required amount of fish oil and soybean oil, and stir well;

[0100] S4. Finally, add the required proportions of fish meal, casein, defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, and microcrystalline cellulose, and continue mixing thoroughly. Because the amounts of fish meal, casein, defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, and microcrystalline cellulose are large, adding them last effectively prevents clumping during mixing and facilitates blending. After mixing thoroughly, the desired feed is obtained.

[0101] Example 5

[0102] A mandarin fish feed product uses defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder to replace part of the fishmeal in the basic feed. The formula is as follows: by weight, 100 parts include 24 parts fishmeal, 36 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0103] Example 6

[0104] A mandarin fish feed product uses defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder to replace part of the fishmeal in the basic feed. The formula is as follows: by weight, 100 parts include 28 parts fishmeal, 32 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0105] Example 7

[0106] A mandarin fish feed product uses defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder to replace part of the fishmeal in the basic feed. The formula is as follows: by weight, 100 parts include 30 parts fishmeal, 30 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0107] Example 8

[0108] A mandarin fish feed product uses defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder to replace part of the fishmeal in the basic feed. The formula is as follows: by weight, 100 parts include 34 parts fishmeal, 26 parts defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

[0109] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of defatted larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle in the preparation of mandarin fish feed products, characterized in that, The prepared mandarin fish feed product has at least one of the following functions: 1) It has the function of improving the development of the intestinal tissue structure of mandarin fish, wherein improving the development of the intestinal tissue structure of mandarin fish means increasing the height of the intestinal villi of mandarin fish; 2) It has the function of increasing the protein content of mandarin fish muscle; 3) It has the function of enhancing the resistance of mandarin fish to Aeromonas hydrophila; The defatted insect powder of white-spotted flower beetle larvae is obtained by feeding the white-spotted flower beetle larvae with fermented and decomposed Ganoderma lucidum residue until the third instar, and then drying, crushing and defatting it.

2. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the defatted insect powder of the white-spotted flower beetle larvae is as follows: after the white-spotted flower beetle larvae hatch, they are fed with fermented and decomposed Ganoderma lucidum residue until the third instar. The larvae are then dried in an oven at 45°C for 72 hours, and the dried insect bodies are then crushed to obtain insect powder. The insect powder is then soaked in petroleum ether at 80-90°C for 10-12 hours, the petroleum ether is filtered off, and the powder is dried to obtain defatted insect powder.

3. The application as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formula of the mandarin fish feed product, based on 100 parts by weight, includes 24-36 parts of fish meal and 24-36 parts of defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder, and the total amount of fish meal and defatted white-spotted beetle larvae powder is 60 parts. It also contains 10 parts casein, 8 parts corn starch gelatinization, 6 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 2 parts yeast extract, 0.5 parts taurine, 3 parts multivitamins and minerals, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts choline, and the remainder is microcrystalline cellulose.

4. The application as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-dimensional and multi-mineral premix is ​​composed of vitamin premix and mineral premix in a mass ratio of 1:1; The vitamin premix contains the following per kilogram: 20 mg pyridoxine, 50 mg calcium pantothenate, 20 mg riboflavin, 100 mg inositol, 2 mg cyanocobalamin, 5 mg biotin, 440,000 IU vitamin A, 96,000 IU vitamin D3, 10 mg vitamin K, 100 mg vitamin E, 100 mg niacin, 5 mg folic acid, and 20 mg thiamine. The mineral premix contains calcium lactate (C6H) per kilogram of mineral premix. 10 CaO6 . 5H₂O 1750 mg, cobalt sulfate (CoSO₄) . 0.5 mg of 6H₂O, copper sulfate (CuSO₄) . 5H₂O 15.5 mg, ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) 1250 mg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) 16000 mg, potassium iodide (KI) 1.5 mg, magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) . 7H2O 7500 mg, manganese sulfate MnSO4 . 4H₂O 80 mg, Sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mg, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) . 2H₂O 12500 mg, Zinc sulfate ZnSO₄ . 7H2O 176.5 mg.

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