Precise feed formula for pike vibrio molitor and preparation technology of precise feed formula

Abstract

The invention discloses a formula and a preparation technology of an accurate feed for pike vibrio molitor, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feeds. The feed is divided into a juvenile fish formula, an adult fish formula and a formula before overwintering according to the physiological needs of the white spot dog fishes in different growth stages, each formula is composed of raw materials such as protein, energy, grease, vitamins, mineral substances and functional additives according to specific parts by weight, and meanwhile, the purchase core parameters of the raw materials are defined; and a standardized batching operation process and a granular feed production process are formulated. The feed is high in formula pertinence and accurate in nutrition, meets the requirements of the pike vigna in each growth stage, can remarkably improve the growth speed, reduce the disease risk and improve the overwintering survival rate, is standard and controllable in preparation process, ensures the stable quality of the feed, controls the breeding cost through scientific proportioning, reduces water pollution, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And the method has good economic, environmental and application values.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a precise feed formula for Esox lucius and a preparation process thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Esox lucius belongs to the dogfish genus of the salmoniform order and the dogfish family, is a freshwater carnivorous fish widely distributed in the cold zone to the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Its meat is tender and white, delicious, rich in high-quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids and various minerals, and has extremely high economic value. In recent years, the market demand continues to rise. In order to meet market supply, large-scale and intensive breeding has become the main development direction of Esox lucius breeding.

[0003] However, there are many problems to be solved in the current Esox lucius breeding process: 1. The feed formula lacks pertinence and is not designed according to the differences in growth stages. The digestive function of Esox lucius fry is not perfect, and there is an urgent need for high-protein, high-digestibility and strong food-attraction feed. Adult fish need to consider growth rate and breeding cost, and have higher requirements for nutritional balance. During the wintering period, the temperature is low, the fish metabolism slows down, and the ability to resist cold and maintain body fat reserves needs to be enhanced to ensure survival rate. The existing feed is mostly a general formula, which cannot adapt to the physiological needs of each stage, resulting in slow growth of fry, high breeding cost of adult fish, and high mortality rate during the wintering period; 2. There is no clear standard for raw material procurement, and the quality stability is poor. The core raw materials such as protein and oil provided by different suppliers differ greatly in key indicators such as crude protein content, moisture and impurities. Some inferior raw materials even have problems such as mold and odor. The instability of raw material quality directly affects the consistency of feed nutritional ingredients, and further leads to uneven growth and decreased disease resistance of Esox lucius; 3. The preparation process is not standardized, and the quality of the feed is difficult to guarantee. The weighing accuracy is insufficient and the mixing order is unreasonable during the batching process, resulting in uneven distribution of nutritional ingredients. The improper setting of parameters such as ring die aperture, temperature and pressure during the granulation process causes the hardness of the granules to be unsuitable and the stability in water to be poor, which easily causes pollution of the water body. The drying and cooling are not thorough, the moisture of the feed exceeds the standard, and the feed is easily moldy during storage. The additives are directly mixed with oil or high-temperature treated, which causes the activity of the additives to be invalid, and the additives cannot play the functions of food attraction and immune enhancement; 4. The breeding benefit and environmental benefit are imbalanced. The existing feed either excessively relies on high-priced fish meal to pursue growth rate, resulting in high breeding cost, or blindly adds inferior raw materials to reduce cost, which not only affects the meat quality and growth performance of Esox lucius, but also pollutes the water body and destroys the ecological environment due to low feed conversion rate and a large amount of residual feed and excrement.

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a precise feed formula for Esox lucius and a preparation process thereof. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a white spot dogfish precise feed formula and a preparation process thereof, which solves the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: A white spot dogfish precise feed formula comprises three formulas suitable for different growth stages, and each formula is made of the following raw materials by weight: The young fish formula comprises: imported white fish meal (crude protein ≥ 65%) 58%-62%, defatted Antarctic krill powder (crude protein ≥ 60%) 12%-15%, squid paste (lure type) 6%-8%, wheat protein powder (gluten) 5%-8%, fish oil (DHA+EPA ≥ 30%) 7%-9%, compound vitamin (Vitamin C ≥ 1500mg / kg) 1.8%-2.2%, mineral premix (containing selenium and zinc) 2.5%-3%, attractant (betaine+glutamine compound) 0.5%-0.8%, immune enhancer (β-glucan+probiotics) 0.3%-0.5%, and antioxidant (ethoxyquin) 0.05%-0.1%; The adult fish formula comprises: Peruvian fish meal (crude protein ≥ 60%) 50%-53%, fermented deantigenic soybean meal (crude protein ≥ 45%) 15%-18%, low-temperature detoxified peanut meal 6%-9%, ultrafine powder shrimp shell powder 8%-10%, denatured corn starch 10%-12%, fish oil and phospholipid (1:1) 5%-7%, compound vitamin (Vitamin E ≥ 1300mg / kg) 1.2%-1.5%, mineral premix (containing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) 2%-2.5%, immune enhancer (astragalus polysaccharide+eucommia extract) 0.4%-0.6%, and mildew inhibitor (calcium propionate) 0.1%-0.2%; The pre-overwintering formula comprises: fish meal 52%-55%, shrimp meal 10%-12%, animal fat (pig fat+fish oil compound) 8%-10%, wheat meal 8%-10%, soybean meal 12%-15%, compound vitamin 2%-2.5%, mineral premix 2.5%-3%, and anti-stress agent (Vitamin C phosphate+electrolyte) 0.8%-1%.

[0007] According to the white spot dogfish precise feed formula, the imported white fish powder is greater than or equal to 65%, the ash content is less than or equal to 18%, the moisture content is less than or equal to 10%, the VBN is less than or equal to 120 mg / 100 g, there is no peculiar smell and no caking, the defatted Antarctic krill powder is greater than or equal to 60%, the crude fat is less than or equal to 8%, the moisture content is less than or equal to 9%, the arsenic content is less than or equal to 1.0 mg / kg, there is no mildew, the fermented deantigenic soybean meal is greater than or equal to 45%, the urease activity is less than or equal to 0.2 U / g, the antitrypsin is less than or equal to 5 mg / g, the pH is 4.5-6.0, there is a slight fermentation smell, the wheat protein powder (gluten) crude protein is greater than or equal to 70%, the moisture content is less than or equal to 12%, the fat is less than or equal to 1.5%, and there is no starch residue; the ultrafine grinding shrimp shell powder crude protein is greater than or equal to 30%.

[0008] According to the white spot dogfish precise feed formula, the denatured corn starch whiteness is greater than or equal to 85, the moisture content is less than or equal to 13%, the gelatinization degree is greater than or equal to 95%, and the water expansion rate is less than or equal to 150%; the wheat flour crude protein is greater than or equal to 12%, the ash content is less than or equal to 1.5%, and the moisture content is less than or equal to 14%, and there is no insect damage and no impurities.

[0009] According to the white spot dogfish precise feed formula, the fish oil is greater than or equal to 30%, the acid value is less than or equal to 2.5 mgKOH / g, the peroxide value is less than or equal to 10 meq / kg, there is no rancid smell, the phospholipid purity is greater than or equal to 95%, the acetone insoluble matter is greater than or equal to 60%, the moisture content is less than or equal to 2%, the color is uniform, and the animal fat (pig fat) purity is greater than or equal to 98%.

[0010] According to the white spot dogfish precise feed formula, the compound vitamin for juvenile fish is greater than or equal to 1500 mg / kg, the vitamin E for adult fish is greater than or equal to 300 mg / kg, the overwintering special formula needs to meet the synergistic ratio of multiple vitamins, and is sealed and stored within the shelf life.

[0011] According to the white spot dogfish precise feed formula, the mineral premix contains calcium greater than or equal to 15%, phosphorus greater than or equal to 8%, zinc greater than or equal to 500 mg / kg, and selenium greater than or equal to 50 mg / kg, and there is no caking; the betaine purity in the attractant is greater than or equal to 98%, and the beta-glucan is greater than or equal to 70% and the astragalus polysaccharide is greater than or equal to 50% in the immune enhancer.

[0012] According to the white spot dogfish precise feed formula, the antioxidant purity is greater than or equal to 98%, the antifungal agent is greater than or equal to 99%, and the vitamin C phosphate in the anti-stress agent has a purity greater than or equal to 98%.

[0013] The application provides a white spot dogfish precise feed formula and a preparation process thereof. (1) The present application precisely matches the white-spotted snakehead precise feed formula with different stages, significantly improves the growth performance, and designs special formula for the physiological needs of three key stages of juvenile fish, adult fish and pre-overwintering. High-digestible protein and strong attractant ingredients in the juvenile stage promote opening and rapid growth, the scientific proportion in the adult stage balances growth and cost, and high energy and anti-stress ingredients in the pre-overwintering stage ensure overwintering survival. Through cultivation test verification, the weight gain rate and body length growth rate of white-spotted snakehead in each stage are significantly higher than those of ordinary feed on the market, and the overwintering survival rate is improved.

[0014] (2) The key procurement parameters of each raw material are clear, the quality of raw materials is controlled from the source, the nutritional fluctuations of feed caused by raw material differences are avoided, the nutritional consistency and safety of each batch of feed are ensured, the incidence risk in the process of breeding is reduced, and the incidence rate is significantly lower than that of ordinary feed.

[0015] (3) Through precise weighing, step-by-step mixing, stage granulation, scientific drying and cooling, etc. Standard process makes the nutritional distribution of feed uniform, the particle stability good, the hardness moderate, suitable for white-spotted snakehead feeding at different stages, while avoiding the failure of heat-sensitive ingredients, and improving the utilization rate of feed.

[0016] (4) The formula for adult fish uses fermented soybean meal to replace part of the fish meal, combined with low-cost raw materials such as shrimp shell powder, to reduce raw material cost, improve feed conversion rate, reduce feed waste, and further reduce breeding cost. At the same time, white-spotted snakehead grows fast and has high survival rate, which significantly improves the breeding income.

[0017] (5) The feed particle has good stability and low disintegration rate, reducing the pollution of residual feed to water, high feed conversion rate, reducing fish excretion, reducing the load of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in water, protecting the ecological environment of breeding, and being conducive to sustainable large-scale breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the following specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can understand.

[0019] Example 1: Preparation of juvenile fish formula feed (I) Formula raw materials (100 kg batch) Imported white fish meal (crude protein 65%) 60.0 kg, defatted Antarctic krill powder (crude protein 60%) 13.5 kg, squid paste (attractant type) 7.0 kg, wheat protein powder (gluten) 6.5 kg, fish oil (DHA+EPA 30%) 7.5 kg, complex vitamin (Vitamin C 1500 mg / kg) 2.0 kg, mineral premix (containing selenium, zinc) 2.7 kg, attractant (betaine+glutamine compound) 0.6 kg, immune enhancer (β-glucan+probiotics) 0.4 kg, antioxidant (ethoxyquin) 0.08 kg.

[0020] (ii) Preparation process 1. Preparation: calibrate the electronic scale and 500L mixer, pass all solid raw materials through a 40 mesh sieve; heat the fish oil to 38°C and add 0.05% antioxidant; dilute the attractant, immune enhancer, and compound vitamin with wheat flour at a ratio of 1:5.

[0021] 2. Accurate weighing: weigh each raw material according to the above formula, and the error of the key raw materials is controlled within ±0.1 kg, and the record is checked after weighing.

[0022] 3. Step-by-step mixing: pour imported white fish meal, defatted Antarctic krill meal, and wheat protein powder into the mixer, stir at 180 rpm for 10 minutes; add the diluted additives, stir at 280 rpm for 8 minutes; spray preheated fish oil, stir at 320 rpm at medium-high speed for 12 minutes, and take samples to check the uniformity of mixing before discharging.

[0023] 4. Extrusion granulation: use a granulator with a ring die aperture of 1.5 mm and a length-diameter ratio of 1:8, the extrusion temperature is 88°C, the steam pressure is 0.35 MPa, and 0.8-2 mm floating micro-particles are prepared.

[0024] 5. Drying and cooling: dry at 108°C for 18 minutes, countercurrent cooling for 12 minutes, and the moisture content of the particles is 11.5%, with a hardness of 40 Shore hardness.

[0025] 6. Packaging: 10 kg / bag, waterproof film inner bag + outer paper composite bag packaging, marked with juvenile fish formula, preparation date and shelf life.

[0026] Example Two: Preparation of Fish Formula Feed (i) Raw materials (100 kg batch) Peru fish meal (crude protein 60%) 51.5 kg, fermented deantigenic soybean meal (crude protein 45%) 16.5 kg, low-temperature detoxification peanut meal 7.5 kg, ultrafine powder shrimp shell powder 9.0 kg, modified corn starch 11.0 kg, fish oil + phospholipid (1:1) 6.0 kg, compound vitamin (Vitamin E 1300 mg / kg) 1.3 kg, mineral premix (containing calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) 2.2 kg, immune enhancer (astragalus polysaccharide + eucommia extract) 0.5 kg, antifungal agent (calcium propionate) 0.15 kg.

[0027] (ii) Preparation process 1. Preparation: calibrate the electronic scale and 500L mixer, pass all solid raw materials through a 40 mesh sieve; mix fish oil and phospholipid at a ratio of 1:1 and heat to 36°C; dilute the additives with starch.

[0028] 2. Accurate weighing: weigh each raw material according to the formula, and the error meets the requirements, and the record is checked.

[0029] 3. Stepwise mixing: protein and energy materials are mixed, stirring at 160 rpm for 10 minutes; dilute additives are added, stirring at 260 rpm for 8 minutes; fat mixture is sprayed, stirring at 330 rpm for 12 minutes, and the mixture is discharged after uniform mixing.

[0030] 4. Extrusion and granulation: ring die aperture 3.0 mm, length-diameter ratio 1:10, extrusion temperature 92°C, steam pressure 0.45 MPa, to obtain 2.5-5 mm sinking granules.

[0031] 5. Drying and cooling: drying at 106°C for 16 minutes, countercurrent cooling for 13 minutes, granule moisture 11.8%, hardness 41 Shore D.

[0032] 6. Packaging: 20 kg / bag, double-layer packaging, with relevant information of the fish formula marked.

[0033] Example Three: Preparation of Formula Feed Before Wintering (I) Formula Raw Materials (100 kg Batch) Fish meal 53.5 kg, shrimp meal 11.0 kg, animal fat (pork oil + fish oil compound) 9.0 kg, wheat meal 9.5 kg, soybean meal 13.5 kg, compound vitamin (special for wintering) 2.2 kg, mineral premix 2.8 kg, anti-stress agent (vitamin C phosphate + electrolyte) 0.9 kg.

[0034] (II) Preparation Process 1. Preliminary preparation: calibrate the equipment, pass the solid raw materials through a 40-mesh sieve; heat the animal fat to 37°C; dilute the anti-stress agent with wheat meal.

[0035] 2. Accurate weighing: weigh each raw material according to the formula weight, and check for no errors.

[0036] 3. Stepwise mixing: dry material mixing, stirring at 170 rpm for 10 minutes; add dilute additives, stirring at 270 rpm for 8 minutes; spray animal fat, stirring at 310 rpm for 12 minutes, and mix uniformly.

[0037] 4. Extrusion and granulation: ring die aperture 3.5 mm, length-diameter ratio 1:9, extrusion temperature 90°C, steam pressure 0.4 MPa, to obtain 3-4 mm slow-sinking granules.

[0038] 5. Drying and cooling: drying at 107°C for 17 minutes, countercurrent cooling for 14 minutes, granule moisture 11.2%, hardness 39 Shore D.

[0039] 6. Packaging: 20 kg / bag, double-layer packaging, with relevant information of the formula before wintering marked.

[0040] The present application precisely matches the precise feed distribution stage of white-spotted snakehead, and the growth performance is significantly improved. Special formulas are designed for the physiological needs of three key stages of juvenile fish, adult fish and pre-overwintering. High-digestion protein and strong attractant ingredients in the juvenile stage promote opening and rapid growth. In the adult fish stage, the scientific proportion balances growth and cost. High energy and anti-stress ingredients in the pre-overwintering stage ensure overwintering survival. Through cultivation test verification, the weight gain rate and body length growth rate of white-spotted snakehead in each stage are significantly higher than those of ordinary feed on the market, and the overwintering survival rate is improved.

[0041] Although the present application is specifically shown and described in connection with preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A precision feed formulation for white-spotted char, characterized by, Three formulas for different growth stages are included, each of which is made from the following raw materials by weight: Juvenile fish formula: imported white fish meal (crude protein ≥65%) 58%-62%, defatted Antarctic krill meal (crude protein ≥60%) 12%-15%, squid paste (food attracting type) 6%-8%, wheat protein powder (gluten) 5%-8%, fish oil (DHA+EPA ≥30%) 7%-9%, compound vitamin (Vitamin C ≥1500mg / kg) 1.8%-2.2%, mineral premix (containing selenium and zinc) 2.5%-3%, food attractant (betaine+glutamine compound) 0.5%-0.8%, immune enhancer (β-glucan+probiotics) 0.3%-0.5%, antioxidant (ethoxyquin) 0.05%-0.1%; Adult fish formula: Peruvian fish meal (crude protein ≥60%) 50%-53%, fermented deantigenic soybean meal (crude protein ≥45%) 15%-18%, low-temperature detoxified peanut meal 6%-9%, ultrafine powder shrimp shell powder 8%-10%, denatured corn starch 10%-12%, fish oil and phospholipid (1:1) 5%-7%, compound vitamin (Vitamin E ≥1300mg / kg) 1.2%-1.5%, mineral premix (containing calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) 2%-2.5%, immune enhancer (astragalus polysaccharide+eucommia extract) 0.4%-0.6%, mold inhibitor (calcium propionate) 0.1%-0.2%; Pre-overwintering formula: fish meal 52%-55%, shrimp meal 10%-12%, animal fat (pig oil+fish oil compound) 8%-10%, wheat meal 8%-10%, soybean meal 12%-15%, compound vitamin 2%-2.5%, mineral premix 2.5%-3%, anti-stress agent (Vitamin C phosphate+electrolyte) 0.8%-1%.

2. The precise feed formulation for white perch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imported white fish meal is ≥65%, ash ≤18%, moisture ≤10%, VBN ≤120mg / 100g, has no peculiar smell and no caking, the defatted Antarctic krill meal is ≥60%, crude fat ≤8%, moisture ≤9%, arsenic ≤1.0mg / kg, has no mildew, the fermented deantigenic soybean meal is ≥45%, urease activity ≤0.2U / g, antitrypsin ≤5mg / g, pH 4.5-6.0, has slight fermentation smell, the wheat protein powder (gluten) is ≥70%, moisture ≤12%, fat ≤1.5%, has no starch residue, and the low-temperature detoxified peanut meal is ≥42% in crude protein.

3. The precision diet formulation for white perch as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The denatured corn starch is ≥85 in whiteness, ≤13% in moisture, ≥95% in gelatinization degree, and ≤150% in water swelling rate, and the wheat meal is ≥12% in crude protein, ≤1.5% in ash, and ≤14% in moisture, has no insect damage and no impurities.

4. The precise feed formulation for white perch according to claim 1, wherein: The fish oil is ≥30%, acid value ≤2.5mgKOH / g, peroxide value ≤10meq / kg, has no rancid smell, the phospholipid is ≥95% in purity, ≥60% in acetone insoluble, and ≤2% in moisture, has uniform color, and the animal fat (pig oil) is ≥98% in purity.

5. The precise feed formulation for white perch according to claim 1, wherein: The complex vitamin for young fish is ≥ 1500 mg / kg, the complex vitamin for adult fish is ≥ 300 mg / kg, and the complex vitamin for overwintering fish needs to meet the multiple vitamin synergistic ratio, and is sealed during the shelf life.

6. The precise feed formulation for white perch of claim 1, wherein: The mineral premix contains calcium ≥ 15%, phosphorus ≥ 8%, zinc ≥ 500 mg / kg, and selenium ≥ 50 mg / kg, and is free of caking. The betaine in the attractant has a purity ≥ 98%, the β-glucan in the immune enhancer has a purity ≥ 70%, and the astragalus polysaccharide has a purity ≥ 50%.

7. The precision diet formulation for white perch as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The antioxidant has a purity ≥ 98%, the antifungal agent has a purity ≥ 99%, and the stress resistance agent contains vitamin C phosphate with a purity ≥ 98%.

8. The process for the preparation of the precise feed formulation for white perch (Percopsis omiscomaysh) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, first, ingredients are prepared, an electronic scale (accuracy 0.1 kg) and a mixer (capacity ≥ 150 L) are calibrated, solid raw materials are sieved through a 40-mesh sieve, fats and oils are heated to 35-40℃ and 0.05% antioxidant is added, additives are diluted with wheat flour / starch at a ratio of 1:5, accurate weighing is performed according to the weight parts of the formula, and weighing is recorded and checked after weighing; S2, then, protein and energy dry materials are stirred at a low speed of 150-200 rpm for 10 minutes, diluted additives are added and stirred at a medium speed of 250-300 rpm for 8 minutes, and preheated fats and oils are sprayed and stirred at a medium-high speed of 300-350 rpm for 12 minutes, and the mixing state is checked, and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes if necessary; S3, extrusion granulation is performed, young fish microgranules adopt a ring die with a diameter of 1.0-2.2 mm and a length-diameter ratio of 1:8, the extrusion temperature is 85-90℃, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.4 MPa, adult fish sinking granules adopt a ring die with a diameter of 2.8-5.2 mm and a length-diameter ratio of 1:10, the extrusion temperature is 90-95℃, the steam pressure is 0.4-0.5 MPa, and overwintering slow-sinking granules adopt a ring die with a diameter of 3.2-4.2 mm and a length-diameter ratio of 1:9, the extrusion temperature is 88-92℃, and the steam pressure is 0.35-0.45 MPa; S4, packaging is performed, waterproof film inner bags and outer paper composite bags are used for packaging, and 10 kg of fry feed is packaged in each bag, and 20 kg of adult fish feed is packaged in each bag.