Metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on tree structure

Abstract

The invention provides a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on a tree-shaped structure, and belongs to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage, the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor comprises a heat exchange fluid pipe and a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body, the heat exchange fluid pipe is installed on the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body in a penetrating mode, a hydrogen tree-shaped pipe is mounted in the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body, and hydrogen storage alloy is filled into the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body through the feeding hole. By adopting the tree-shaped hydrogen pipe, the hydrogen is uniformly diffused in the space of the hydrogen storage reactor and is in multi-angle contact reaction with the hydrogen storage alloy, the flowing dead zone is reduced, the reaction performance is improved, and the heat exchange efficiency is high; the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are transversely and uniformly distributed in the reactor, so that the heat exchange with the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction is enhanced, and the heat exchange efficiency and the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process in the hydrogen storage reactor are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, specifically relating to a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on a tree-like structure. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, with its high energy density and zero carbon emissions, is considered a key vehicle for replacing fossil fuels and promoting energy structure transformation. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy is constrained by bottlenecks in storage and transportation technologies, making efficient and safe hydrogen storage solutions one of the core challenges for the development of the hydrogen energy industry chain. Currently, mainstream hydrogen storage technologies include high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Among these, metal hydride hydrogen storage, as an important branch of solid-state hydrogen storage, has become a current research hotspot due to its high volumetric hydrogen storage density and excellent safety at room temperature and low pressure. Metal hydride hydrogen storage is based on the reversible chemical reaction between hydrogen storage alloys and hydrogen, achieving hydrogen storage and release through the formation and decomposition of hydrides. Compared to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, this technology can operate under near-ambient temperature and pressure conditions, significantly reducing the risk of hydrogen leakage and explosion, while its volumetric hydrogen storage density can reach several times that of hydrogen under standard conditions.

[0003] However, the hydrogen absorption / desorption reactions of metal hydrides are accompanied by significant thermal effects (e.g., the enthalpy of formation of MgH2 ΔH ≈ -75 kJ / mol H2). Heat accumulation or insufficient supply during the reaction can lead to localized temperature changes, affecting reaction kinetic equilibrium and reducing hydrogen storage capacity and cycle efficiency. Furthermore, in existing metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors, the macroscopically uneven distribution of hydrogen flow can result in localized insufficient or excessive hydrogen supply, creating significant reaction rate gradients. This non-uniformity affects the overall performance of the hydrogen storage system. Therefore, optimizing the heat and mass transfer processes within the reactor and constructing efficient heat exchange structures are key issues for improving the performance of metal hydride hydrogen storage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on a tree-like structure, which solves the problems of sluggish hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics and reduced volume utilization caused by uneven hydrogen diffusion distribution and uneven heat transfer in metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on a tree-like structure includes: a heat exchange fluid pipe and a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank. The heat exchange fluid pipe is installed through the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank. A hydrogen tree-like tube is installed inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank. The top of the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank has a feed inlet, through which a hydrogen storage alloy is filled into the interior of the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat exchange fluid pipe includes two heat exchange fluid main pipes, each with a heat exchange fluid inlet and a heat exchange fluid outlet. There are N layers of heat exchange fluid branch pipes between the two heat exchange fluid main pipes, with two branch pipes in each layer. The heat exchange fluid branch pipes are connected to the two heat exchange fluid branch pipes via Y-type tees.

[0008] Furthermore, the heat exchange fluid distribution pipe is a U-shaped pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydrogen tree tube includes a hydrogen porous main pipe, a hydrogen valve is installed at the top of the hydrogen porous main pipe, a set of through holes are provided on the hydrogen porous main pipe, a sintered filter element is installed on the through holes, the hydrogen porous main pipe is connected to M layers of hydrogen porous branch pipes, each layer of hydrogen porous branch pipes has two hydrogen porous branch pipes, and each hydrogen porous branch pipe has a set of hydrogen holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the angle between the hydrogen porous branch pipe and the hydrogen porous main pipe is 15-75°.

[0011] Furthermore, the porous hydrogen branch pipes in each layer are arranged alternately with the heat exchange fluid branch pipes in each layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the porous hydrogen branch pipe has one more layer than the heat exchange fluid branch pipe, and the porous hydrogen branch pipe and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe are arranged alternately from top to bottom inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank.

[0013] Furthermore, the number of layers of the hydrogen porous branch pipe is equal to that of the heat exchange fluid branch pipe, and the interior of the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank is arranged from top to bottom with alternating layers of the hydrogen porous branch pipe and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe, or alternating layers of the heat exchange fluid branch pipe and the hydrogen porous branch pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, the porous hydrogen branch pipe has one less layer than the heat exchange fluid branch pipe, and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe and the porous hydrogen branch pipe are arranged alternately from top to bottom inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage alloy includes lanthanum-nickel alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium-based alloys.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] This invention employs a tree-shaped hydrogen pipe to ensure uniform diffusion of hydrogen within the hydrogen storage reactor space, allowing for multi-angle contact and reaction with the hydrogen storage alloy, reducing flow dead zones, improving reaction performance, and achieving high heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, U-shaped heat exchange pipes are uniformly distributed laterally along the inside of the reactor to enhance heat exchange with the hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency and the reaction efficiency of the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes within the hydrogen storage reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0019] Appendix Figure 2 It is attached Figure 1 Top view;

[0020] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange fluid tube of the present invention;

[0021] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen tree tube structure of the present invention.

[0022] In the attached diagram: 1. Hydrogen storage alloy, 2. Heat exchange fluid pipe, 3. Metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank, 4. Hydrogen valve, 5. Feed inlet, 6. Hydrogen tree tube;

[0023] 201. Main heat exchange fluid pipe; 202. Main heat exchange fluid inlet; 203. Branch heat exchange fluid pipe; 204. Y-type tee; 205. Main heat exchange fluid outlet.

[0024] 601. Porous main pipe for hydrogen; 602. Hydrogen pores; 603. Sintered filter element; 604. Porous branch pipe for hydrogen. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] This invention proposes a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on a tree-like structure, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1-2 As shown, it includes: a hydrogen storage alloy 1, a heat exchange fluid pipe 2, a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3, a hydrogen valve 4, a feed inlet 5, and a hydrogen tree tube 6. The heat exchange fluid pipe 2 is installed through the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3. The hydrogen tree tube 6 is installed inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3. The top of the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3 has a feed inlet 5, and the hydrogen storage alloy 1 is filled into the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3 through the feed inlet 5.

[0027] Hydrogen gas enters the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3 through the hydrogen tree-like tube 6. It diffuses at different angles in the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3 and reacts with the hydrogen storage alloy 1 in the hydrogen storage tank. At the same time, the heat exchange fluid enters the hydrogen storage reactor from the heat exchange fluid tube 2 at one end of the hydrogen storage reactor in two streams, participates in the reaction heat exchange, and flows out from the other end of the hydrogen storage reactor.

[0028] The hydrogen storage alloy 1 includes, but is not limited to, lanthanum-nickel alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium-based alloys.

[0029] The heat exchange fluid inside the heat exchange fluid pipe 2 includes, but is not limited to, water, steam, and heat transfer oil.

[0030] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange fluid pipe 2 includes two heat exchange fluid main pipes 201, each having a heat exchange fluid main inlet 202 and a heat exchange fluid main outlet 205. There are N layers of heat exchange fluid branch pipes 203 between the two heat exchange fluid main pipes 201, with two branch pipes in each layer. The heat exchange fluid branch pipes 203 are connected to the two branch pipes 203 via Y-type tees 204.

[0031] The heat exchange fluid distribution pipe 203 is a U-shaped pipe, and two U-shaped pipes are installed symmetrically.

[0032] Preferably, there may be a number of U-shaped heat exchange branch pipes, which are connected to the main pipe via Y-shaped tees. The number of branch pipes may include, but is not limited to, two, three, four, or five layers.

[0033] In this embodiment, the heat exchange fluid pipes are uniformly and laterally distributed on the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3.

[0034] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the hydrogen dendritic tube 6 includes a hydrogen porous main tube 601, a hydrogen valve 4 is installed on the top of the hydrogen porous main tube 601, a set of through holes are provided on the hydrogen porous main tube 601, a sintered filter element 603 is installed on the through holes, the hydrogen porous main tube 601 is connected to the M-layer hydrogen porous branch tubes 604, each layer of hydrogen porous branch tubes 604 has two, and the hydrogen porous branch tubes 604 have a set of hydrogen holes 602.

[0035] Preferably, the hydrogen porous branch pipes 604 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the hydrogen porous main pipe 601.

[0036] Preferably, the angle between the hydrogen porous branch pipe 604 and the hydrogen porous main pipe 601 is 15-75°.

[0037] The length and angle of the hydrogen porous branch pipe 604 are not fixed and can be adjusted as needed.

[0038] The hydrogen pores 602 are evenly distributed on the 304-hydrogen porous branch pipe and are evenly distributed along the circumference; the opening size of the hydrogen pores 602 is not fixed and can be adjusted as needed.

[0039] In this embodiment, the hydrogen porous branch pipe 604 and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203 of each layer are arranged alternately, including three arrangement methods:

[0040] The first arrangement is as follows: the porous hydrogen branch pipe 604 has one more layer than the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203, and the porous hydrogen branch pipe 604 and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203 are arranged alternately from top to bottom inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3.

[0041] The second arrangement is as follows: the number of layers of the hydrogen porous branch pipe 604 is equal to that of the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203, and the hydrogen porous branch pipe 604 and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203 are arranged alternately from top to bottom inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3.

[0042] The third arrangement is as follows: the porous hydrogen branch pipe 604 has one less layer than the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203, and the heat exchange fluid branch pipe 203 and the porous hydrogen branch pipe 604 are arranged alternately from top to bottom inside the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank 3.

[0043] During hydrogen absorption, hydrogen gas at a certain pressure is injected through hydrogen valve 4. Part of the hydrogen gas flows through the hydrogen porous main pipe and hydrogen hole 602 through the sintered filter element 603, while another part of the hydrogen gas flows through the hydrogen porous main pipe 601 through the hydrogen porous branch pipe 604 and then through the hydrogen hole 602 through the sintered filter element 603. The hydrogen gas is then released from the sintered filter element 603 into the hydrogen storage tank to react with the hydrogen storage alloy 1, thus completing the hydrogen filling process.

[0044] When releasing hydrogen, the hydrogen storage alloy 1 releases hydrogen gas. Part of it enters the hydrogen pore 602 through the sintered filter element 603 and then enters the porous hydrogen main pipe 601. The other part enters the hydrogen pore 602 through the sintered filter element 603 and then enters the porous hydrogen branch pipe 604. Then, it flows into the porous hydrogen main pipe 601 through the porous hydrogen branch pipe 604. Finally, it is released from the porous hydrogen main pipe 601 by the hydrogen valve 4, thus completing the hydrogen release.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor based on a tree structure, characterized in that, The application relates to a hydrogen storage alloy filling device for a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor, which comprises a heat exchange fluid pipe (2) and a metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3), the heat exchange fluid pipe (2) is installed through the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3), a hydrogen gas tree pipe (6) is installed in the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3), the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3) is provided with a feeding port (5) at the top, and hydrogen storage alloy (1) is filled into the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3) through the feeding port (5). The heat exchange fluid pipe (2) comprises two heat exchange fluid main pipes (201), the two heat exchange fluid main pipes (201) are respectively provided with a heat exchange fluid main inlet (202) and a heat exchange fluid main outlet (205), and the two heat exchange fluid main pipes (201) are provided with N layers of heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203), the number of heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) in each layer is two, and the heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) are connected with two heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) through Y-shaped three-way pipes (204).

2. The tree structure based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange fluid branch pipe (203) is a U-shaped pipe.

3. The tree-structure-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 2, wherein, The hydrogen gas tree pipe (6) comprises a hydrogen gas porous main pipe (601), the hydrogen gas porous main pipe (601) is provided with a hydrogen gas valve (4) at the top, a group of through holes are formed in the hydrogen gas porous main pipe (601), sintered filter elements (603) are installed in the through holes, the hydrogen gas porous main pipe (601) is communicated with M layers of hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604), the number of hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604) in each layer is two, and the hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604) are provided with a group of hydrogen gas holes (602).

4. The dendrimer-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 1 or 3, wherein The angle between the hydrogen gas porous branch pipe (604) and the hydrogen gas porous main pipe (601) is 15-75 degrees.

5. The dendrimer-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor of claim 4, wherein, Each layer of the hydrogen gas porous branch pipe (604) is alternately arranged with each layer of the heat exchange fluid branch pipe (203).

6. The tree-structure-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor according to claim 5, wherein, The hydrogen gas porous branch pipe (604) is one layer more than the heat exchange fluid branch pipe (203), and the hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604) and the heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) are alternately arranged in the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3) from top to bottom.

7. The dendrimer-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor of claim 6, wherein, The hydrogen gas porous branch pipe (604) is equal in layer number to the heat exchange fluid branch pipe (203), and the hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604) and the heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) are alternately arranged or the heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) and the hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604) are alternately arranged in the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3) from top to bottom.

8. The tree-structure-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor of claim 6, wherein, The hydrogen gas porous branch pipe (604) is one layer less than the heat exchange fluid branch pipe (203), and the heat exchange fluid branch pipes (203) and the hydrogen gas porous branch pipes (604) are alternately arranged in the metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor tank body (3) from top to bottom.

9. The tree-structure-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor of claim 6, wherein, The hydrogen storage alloy (1) comprises lanthanum-nickel alloy, titanium alloy and magnesium-based alloy.

10. The dendrimer-based metal hydride hydrogen storage reactor of claim 7 or 8 or 9, wherein, ​

Images