High-temperature-resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-temperature-resistant inorganic antibacterial type ceramic glaze and preparation process, it is related to ceramic glaze preparation technical field, the glaze is composed of basic glaze and zinc oxide doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent, basic glaze includes feldspar, quartz, kaolin, calcite and talc.Its preparation process includes: raw material mixing, wet ball milling, adding antibacterial agent and high-speed stirring of debonder, iron removal by sieving, aging, glazing and high-temperature sintering.Process uses integrated two-stage vibrating screen and automatic iron removal integrated unit with iron removal function, realizes efficient continuous iron removal operation.The glaze obtained by the application can withstand high-temperature sintering of 1150-1200 DEG C, the glaze surface is smooth and uniform, has persistent, efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, effectively avoids the glaze defects caused by iron impurities, improves product yield and quality stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic glaze preparation technology, specifically a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] The building and sanitary ceramics industry places great emphasis on adopting advanced glaze technology. A large number of highly specialized ceramic glaze, frit, and colorant companies have emerged in China. The glazes used in building and sanitary ceramic products are becoming increasingly diverse. The glazes used by most ceramic enterprises can be broadly categorized by type and purpose as follows: lead glaze and lead-free glaze; raw material glaze and frit glaze; glazes for single or double firing; glazes for ceramic tiles, tableware, sanitary ceramics, and electrical porcelain; glazes classified by application method: dipping, spraying, and pouring; high-temperature glaze and low-temperature glaze; high-expansion glaze and low-expansion glaze; firing atmosphere: oxidizing flame, neutral flame, and reducing flame; colored glaze and colorless glaze; transparent glaze and opaque glaze; glossy glaze, matte glaze, semi-matte glaze, or patterned glaze, etc.

[0003] However, while pursuing decorative and functional glaze effects, existing technologies still face some specific challenges. Firstly, controlling the purity of the glaze is a major challenge, particularly with iron impurities introduced during raw materials and production. If these impurities are not effectively removed, they can cause defects such as black spots and pinholes on the glaze surface during subsequent high-temperature firing, severely impacting the product's appearance and commercial value. Traditional iron removal methods, such as static sedimentation or simple magnetic separation, are often inefficient, cannot operate continuously, and require manual cleaning of the adsorbed iron, failing to meet the demands of modern, efficient, and clean production. Secondly, with increasing emphasis on healthy living environments, the demand for antibacterial ceramic products is growing, but combining antibacterial functions with ceramic glazes faces technological bottlenecks. Many organic antibacterial agents cannot withstand the sintering temperatures of ceramic glazes, which can exceed 1100℃, and will decompose and become ineffective during firing; while some inorganic antibacterial agents may have a narrow antibacterial spectrum, insufficient long-term effectiveness, or react with the glaze at high temperatures, affecting the glaze's appearance. Therefore, developing an antibacterial glaze that can withstand high-temperature sintering processes, maintains efficient and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, and does not affect the glaze quality is a key challenge. Furthermore, from a production process perspective, the traditional glaze preparation involves multiple relatively independent processes such as ball milling, sieving, iron removal, and aging, with frequent material transfers. This not only requires improvement in production efficiency but also increases the complexity of process control and the uncertainties in the production process.

[0004] Therefore, the industry urgently needs an innovative solution that can systematically overcome the above-mentioned defects, provide a high-temperature resistant ceramic glaze with excellent glaze quality, long-lasting and efficient antibacterial function, and a high purity of glaze slurry through efficient and integrated production processes, as well as its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to provide a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze and its preparation process. By optimizing the basic glaze formula, introducing a zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide composite antibacterial agent, and combining it with an integrated production process that incorporates efficient iron removal, the invention solves the problems of glaze defects caused by iron impurities, poor high-temperature resistance of antibacterial agents, and complex processes in the prior art. This results in ceramic products with high-quality glaze, excellent antibacterial properties, and stable performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze, comprising a base glaze and an antibacterial agent; wherein the base glaze is composed of the following raw materials in the indicated mass fractions: feldspar 45-55%, quartz 22-30%, kaolin 10-15%, calcite 5-8%, talc 5-7%, with the sum of the contents of each component being 100%; the antibacterial agent is a zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent, the amount of which is added is 3-8% of the weight of the base glaze; the molar ratio or weight ratio of zinc oxide to cerium dioxide is (90:10)-(95:5).

[0007] Another technical objective of this invention is to provide a preparation process for a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0008] Step 1: Weigh the following basic glaze raw materials according to the mass fraction: feldspar 45-55%, quartz 22-30%, kaolin 10-15%, calcite 5-8%, talc 5-7%, and mix them evenly; at the same time, prepare zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent equivalent to 3-8% of the weight of the basic glaze.

[0009] Step 2: Ball milling preparation of basic glaze slurry: Put all the basic glaze raw materials weighed in Step 1 into a ball mill and add water equivalent to 40-50% of the total dry weight for wet ball milling. The ball milling time is 10-15 hours until the fineness of the glaze slurry reaches 325 mesh and the sieve residue is ≤0.1%, thus preparing the basic glaze slurry.

[0010] Step 3: Compounding of antibacterial glaze slurry: Add 3-8% inorganic antibacterial agent by weight of the base glaze slurry prepared in Step 2 above, and add 0.1-0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate by weight of the base glaze slurry as a descaling agent. Stir the mixture in a mixer at a high speed of 300-500 r / min for 30-45 minutes to ensure that the antibacterial agent is evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry to obtain antibacterial glaze slurry;

[0011] Step 4: Sieving, iron removal and aging of glaze slurry: After sieving the glaze slurry, iron removal is carried out. Finally, the iron-removed glaze slurry is poured into an aging tank and aged at room temperature for 24-48 hours in a sealed manner to stabilize the properties of the glaze slurry.

[0012] Step 5: Glazing: Apply the antibacterial glaze prepared in Step 4 evenly to the surface of the bisque-fired ceramic body using a glazing process such as pouring, spraying, or dipping, and control the thickness of the dry glaze layer to be 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0013] Step Six: High-Temperature Sintering: Place the glazed ceramic blank from Step Five into a roller kiln and sinter it in an oxidizing atmosphere. The sintering process is as follows: heat the ceramic blank from room temperature to 1150-1200℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / minute, hold it at this temperature for 15-30 minutes, and then allow it to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain the high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze product.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in step three is first coarsely screened through an 80-mesh vibrating screen, then finely screened through a 325-mesh vibrating screen, and then subjected to iron removal treatment; the sieving and iron removal process in step four is operated using a dual-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit; the dual-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit includes a base, a support spring fixedly connected to the top of the base, a second vibrating frame fixedly connected to the top of the support spring, a first vibrating frame fixedly connected to the top of the second vibrating frame, screens installed on the inner walls of both the first and second vibrating frames, a first discharge port fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first vibrating frame above the screen inside the first vibrating frame, a collection box provided below the first discharge port, an inclined base plate installed at the bottom of the second vibrating frame, a second discharge port fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second vibrating frame between the screen and the base plate inside the second vibrating frame, and the glaze slurry discharged from the second discharge port undergoes iron removal operation through an iron removal mechanism.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the iron removal mechanism includes a guide groove, which is located below the second discharge port. Support frames are provided on both sides of the guide groove. An installation shaft is rotatably connected inside the support frame. A magnetic separator roller is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the installation shaft. A slide rail is fixedly connected to one side of the support frame. A collection frame is provided below the slide rail. A motor is installed on the outer wall of one side of the support frame. A threaded rod is connected to the output end of the motor. A movable seat is slidably connected to the outer wall of the threaded rod. The top of the movable seat contacts the top of the inner wall of the support frame. A groove is formed at the bottom of the movable seat. A horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove. A scraper is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove on one side of the horizontal plate. A rotating plate is fixedly connected to the top of the scraper. An L-shaped block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support frame above the slide rail. The magnetic separator roller rotates automatically through a rotating mechanism.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the rotating mechanism includes a mounting frame, the mounting frame being fixedly connected to the side of the support frame away from the collection frame, a vertical plate being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support frame above the mounting frame, a pusher frame being slidably connected to the outer wall of the vertical plate, a first spring being connected between the pusher frame and the vertical plate, a square rod penetrating the mounting frame being slidably connected inside the mounting frame, a pressing block being fixedly connected to one end of the square rod, and a second spring being connected between the pressing block and the mounting frame.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the rotating mechanism further includes a rotating disk, the rotating disk being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting shaft and located between the push frame and the extrusion block, a displacement plate being fixedly connected to one end of the rotating disk, a displacement block being fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating disk, a first inclined surface being provided at one end of the displacement plate, and a second inclined surface and a third inclined surface being provided on the outer wall of the displacement block.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the outer wall of the movable seat is provided with a threaded hole, the threaded hole is matched with the threaded rod, and the top outer wall of the movable seat is in contact with the top inner wall of the support frame.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the bottom end of the scraper is provided with an arc-shaped surface, which is in contact with the outer wall of the magnetic separator roller.

[0020] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a square groove is provided on the outer wall of the vertical plate, the inner wall of the square groove is in contact with the outer wall of the push frame, and a limiting block is fixedly connected to the top of the push frame, the limiting block being in contact with the vertical plate.

[0021] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the end of the extrusion block facing the rotating disk is provided with a pointed tip, and the outer wall of the mounting frame is provided with a sliding groove, the inner wall of the sliding groove being in contact with the outer wall of the square rod.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. The high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze of this invention uses a feldspar-quartz-kaolin system optimized through experiments as the base glaze, matched with an inorganic antibacterial agent doped with zinc oxide and cerium dioxide. This composite antibacterial agent can withstand high-temperature sintering of 1150-1200℃, exists stably in the glaze layer, and exerts a long-lasting and broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, overcoming the problems of organic antibacterial agents being not heat-resistant and some inorganic antibacterial agents affecting the glaze quality.

[0024] 2. The high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze of this invention is prepared through an optimized process of "wet ball milling - high-speed stirring and debinding - multi-stage sieving for iron removal - sealed aging," ensuring the fineness, uniformity, and purity of the glaze slurry. Combined with subsequent precise control of glaze thickness and a staged heating sintering process, the final glaze surface is smooth and uniform, with high gloss, good thermal shock stability, and free from defects such as iron spots and pinholes, systematically improving product consistency and yield.

[0025] 3. The dual-stage vibrating screen integrated iron removal unit realizes continuous and automated operation of screening and iron removal, reducing material turnover and manual intervention, thereby simplifying the process flow, improving production efficiency, and systematically addressing the problem of "complex process" in the background technology. The dual-stage vibrating screen integrated iron removal unit, through the setting of an iron removal mechanism and a rotating mechanism, discharges the glaze slurry through the second outlet onto the guide trough. When the glaze slurry passes through the magnetic separation roller, the iron in the glaze slurry is adsorbed onto the magnetic separation roller. When the movable seat moves towards the slide rail, the scraper moves and scrapes the iron into the slide rail. When the movable seat moves away from the slide rail, the scraper does not contact the magnetic separation roller until the movable seat moves to the other end, the scraper rotates to a vertical position, and at the same time, the magnetic separation roller automatically rotates at a certain angle, facilitating the iron removal operation of the screened glaze slurry, ensuring the purity of the glaze slurry, and facilitating the scraping and collection of the iron adsorbed on the magnetic separation roller.

[0026] 4. By setting a rotating mechanism, when the movable seat moves away from the slide rail, the pusher frame contacts the rotating plate, making the scraper vertical. The movable seat continues to move, and the rotating plate pushes the pusher frame to move. The pusher frame moves and contacts the first inclined surface, pushing the displacement plate and the rotating disk to rotate until it is inserted into the gap between the two displacement plates. When the movable seat moves towards the slide rail, the extrusion block slides along the third inclined surface to between the second and third inclined surfaces. The extrusion block pushes the rotating disk to rotate through the displacement block, which facilitates the automatic rotation of the magnetic separation roller by a certain angle during the reciprocating movement of the movable seat, making it convenient to scrape off the iron on the magnetic separation roller later. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and second vibrating frames of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support frame of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the movable seat of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the push frame of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the square rod in the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating disc of the dual-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit described in this invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Support spring; 3. First vibrating frame; 4. First discharge port; 5. Collection box; 6. Second vibrating frame; 7. Second discharge port; 8. Iron removal mechanism; 801. Guide groove; 802. Support frame; 803. Mounting shaft; 804. Magnetic separation roller; 805. Slide rail; 806. Collection frame; 807. Motor; 808. Threaded rod; 809. Movable seat; 810. Groove; 811. Horizontal plate; 812. 813. Scraper; 814. Rotating plate; 815. L-shaped block; 9. Rotating mechanism; 901. Mounting frame; 902. Vertical plate; 903. Pushing frame; 904. First spring; 905. Square rod; 906. Extrusion block; 907. Second spring; 908. Rotating disk; 909. Displacement plate; 910. Displacement block; 911. First inclined plane; 912. Second inclined plane; 913. Third inclined plane; 10. Screen; 11. Limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "set up" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The following describes embodiments of the invention based on its overall structure.

[0038] Example 1: A preparation process for a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0039] Step 1: Preparation of base glaze and antibacterial agent: Weigh the following base glaze raw materials according to the mass fraction: feldspar 50%, quartz 22%, kaolin 12%, calcite 8%, talc 5%, and mix them evenly.

[0040] The zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent used in this embodiment was prepared as follows: 95 parts by weight of analytical grade zinc oxide and 5 parts by weight of analytical grade cerium dioxide were weighed, and an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol was added as a dispersion medium. The mixture was then mixed in a planetary ball mill for 4 hours until homogeneous, and then dried at 100°C. The dried powder was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 800°C for 2 hours, followed by furnace cooling. The calcined powder was then ground and passed through a 325-mesh sieve to obtain zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide composite antibacterial agent powder (ZnO:CeO2 molar ratio 95:5).

[0041] Prepare the above-mentioned antibacterial agent at a weight equivalent to 8% of the base glaze.

[0042] Step 2: Ball milling preparation of basic glaze slurry: Put all the basic glaze raw materials weighed in Step 1 into a ball mill, and add water equivalent to 45% of the total dry weight for wet ball milling. The ball milling time is 12 hours until the fineness of the glaze slurry reaches 325 mesh and the sieve residue is ≤0.1%, thus preparing the basic glaze slurry.

[0043] Step 3: Compounding of antibacterial glaze slurry: Add the above-mentioned antibacterial agent, accounting for 8% of the total mass of the base glaze, to the base glaze slurry prepared in Step 2. At the same time, add sodium tripolyphosphate, accounting for 0.2% of the total mass of the base glaze, as a descaling agent. Stir the mixture in a mixer at a high speed of 400 r / min for 40 minutes to ensure that the antibacterial agent is evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry, and obtain antibacterial glaze slurry.

[0044] Step 4: Sieving, iron removal and aging of glaze slurry: Using a double-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit, the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in Step 3 above is first screened through an 80-mesh vibrating screen for coarse sieving, and then through a 325-mesh vibrating screen for fine sieving. The glaze slurry after sieving is then treated to remove iron. Finally, the iron-removed glaze slurry is injected into an aging tank and aged in a sealed container at room temperature for 36 hours.

[0045] Step 5: Glazing: Apply the antibacterial glaze prepared in Step 4 evenly to the surface of the bisque-fired ceramic body using a spray glazing process, controlling the dry glaze layer thickness to be 0.3 mm.

[0046] Step Six: High-Temperature Sintering: Place the glazed ceramic blank from Step Five into a roller kiln and sinter it in an oxidizing atmosphere. The sintering regime is as follows: heat the ceramic blank from room temperature to 1180°C at a rate of 4°C / minute and hold it at that temperature for 20 minutes. Then, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze product, which is denoted as sample S1.

[0047] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 1 to 2 The double-stage vibrating screen iron removal integrated unit used in step four includes a base 1, a support spring 2 fixedly connected to the top of the base 1, a second vibrating frame 6 fixedly connected to the top of the support spring 2, a first vibrating frame 3 fixedly connected to the top of the second vibrating frame 6, screens 10 installed on the inner walls of both the first vibrating frame 3 and the second vibrating frame 6, a first discharge port 4 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first vibrating frame 3 and above the screen 10 inside the first vibrating frame 3, a collection box 5 set below the first discharge port 4, an inclined base plate installed at the bottom of the second vibrating frame 6, a second discharge port 7 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second vibrating frame 6 between the screen 10 and the base plate inside the second vibrating frame 6, and the glaze slurry discharged from the second discharge port 7 undergoes iron removal operation through the iron removal mechanism 8.

[0048] In this embodiment: a vibration motor is installed in the base 1. The vibration motor drives the first vibration frame 3 and the second vibration frame 6 to vibrate. The screens 10 in the first vibration frame 3 and the second vibration frame 6 are 80 mesh and 325 mesh, respectively. The glaze slurry is poured into the first vibration frame 3, passes through the two screens 10 in sequence, falls onto the inclined base plate, and then collects downward along the slope and is discharged through the second discharge port 7. The discharged glaze slurry is subjected to iron removal operation by the iron removal mechanism 8.

[0049] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 3 to 5 The iron removal mechanism 8 includes a guide groove 801 located below the second discharge port 7. Support frames 802 are located on both sides of the guide groove 801. An installation shaft 803 is rotatably connected inside the support frame 802. A magnetic separator roller 804 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the installation shaft 803. A slide rail 805 is fixedly connected to one side of the support frame 802. A collection frame 806 is located below the slide rail 805. A motor 807 is mounted on the outer wall of one side of the support frame 802. A threaded rod 808 is connected to the output end of the motor 807. A movable seat 809 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the support frame 802. The top of the movable seat 809 contacts the top of the inner wall of the support frame 802. A groove 810 is provided at the bottom of the movable seat 809. A horizontal plate 811 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove 810. A scraper 812 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove 810 on one side of the horizontal plate 811. A rotating plate 813 is fixedly connected to the top of the scraper 812. An L-shaped block 814 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support frame 802 above the slide rail 805. The magnetic separation roller 804 rotates automatically through the rotating mechanism 9.

[0050] In this embodiment: an electromagnetic coil is installed inside the magnetic separator 804. When energized, the magnetic separator 804 generates magnetic force. The glaze slurry is discharged through the second discharge port 7 and falls onto the guide groove 801. It flows slowly along the guide groove 801. When the glaze slurry passes through the magnetic separator 804, the iron filings in the glaze slurry are attracted by the magnetic separator 804 and adsorbed onto the magnetic separator 804.

[0051] The motor 807 drives the threaded rod 808 to rotate, which in turn moves the movable seat 809, causing it to reciprocate within the support frame 802. As the movable seat 809 moves towards the slide rail 805, the scraper 812 is vertical and in contact with the horizontal plate 811. The bottom end of the scraper 812 contacts the outer wall of the magnetic separator roller 804. The displacement of the movable seat 809 causes the scraper 812 to move as well, scraping the iron filings at the top of the magnetic separator roller 804 into the slide rail 805. The iron filings fall along the slide rail 805 into the collection frame 806 for collection. Simultaneously, the rotating plate 813 contacts the L-shaped block 814, which pushes the rotating plate 813 to rotate relative to the movable seat 809. The rotation of the rotating plate 813 causes the scraper 812 to rotate at an angle, thus tilting the scraper. The bottom end of plate 812 is no longer in contact with magnetic separator roller 804; then the movable seat 809 moves away from slide rail 805. At this time, scraper 812 does not contact magnetic separator roller 804 to prevent iron filings from being scraped in the opposite direction. Until the movable seat 809 moves to the other end, the parts inside the rotating mechanism 9 contact the rotating plate 813, causing the rotating plate 813 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating plate 813 drives the scraper 812 to rotate into a vertical state. Then, through the cooperation of the parts inside the rotating mechanism 9, the mounting shaft 803 is driven to rotate at a certain angle, thereby driving the magnetic separator roller 804 to rotate at a certain angle. After completion, the movable seat 809 moves towards slide rail 805 again to scrape the iron at the top of magnetic separator roller 804. This design facilitates the iron removal operation of the glaze slurry after sieving. The iron is adsorbed on the magnetic separator roller 804, and it is also convenient to scrape the iron on the magnetic separator roller 804 for collection.

[0052] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 4 to 8 The rotating mechanism 9 includes a mounting frame 901, which is fixedly connected to the support frame 802 on the side away from the collection frame 806. A vertical plate 902 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support frame 802 above the mounting frame 901. A pusher frame 903 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the vertical plate 902. A first spring 904 is connected between the pusher frame 903 and the vertical plate 902. A square rod 905 is slidably connected inside the mounting frame 901, and a pressing block 906 is fixedly connected to one end of the square rod 905. A second spring 907 is connected between the extrusion block 906 and the mounting frame 901. The rotating mechanism 9 also includes a rotating disk 908, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting shaft 803 and located between the push frame 903 and the extrusion block 906. A displacement plate 909 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating disk 908, and a displacement block 910 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating disk 908. A first inclined surface 911 is provided at one end of the displacement plate 909, and a second inclined surface 912 and a third inclined surface 913 are provided on the outer wall of the displacement block 910.

[0053] In this embodiment, one end of the extrusion block 906 is located between the second inclined surface 912 and the third inclined surface 913 of the two displacement blocks 910, and performs a positioning operation on the angle of the rotating disk 908.

[0054] When the movable seat 809 moves away from the slide rail 805, until the pusher 903 contacts the rotating plate 813, the pusher 903 pushes the rotating plate 813 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating plate 813 drives the scraper 812 to rotate, making the scraper 812 vertical. At this time, the scraper 812 contacts the horizontal plate 811, preventing the scraper 812 and the rotating plate 813 from rotating. The movable seat 809 continues to move, thereby pushing the pusher 903 to move through the rotating plate 813, causing the first spring 904 to stretch. The pusher 903 moves and contacts the first inclined surface 911, pushing the displacement plate 909 and the rotating disk 908 to rotate until it is inserted into the gap between the two displacement plates 909. At this time, one end of the pressing block 906 slides along the second inclined surface 912 on one displacement block 910 to the third inclined surface 913 of the same displacement block 910. The second spring 907... In a compressed state, when the movable seat 809 moves toward the slide rail 805, the push frame 903 is reset by the elastic force of the first spring 904. At this time, the pressing block 906 is displaced by the elastic force of the second spring 907. The pressing block 906 slides along the third inclined surface 913 between the second inclined surface 912 and the third inclined surface 913 of the two displacement blocks 910. The pressing block 906 pushes the rotating disk 908 to rotate through the displacement block 910, so that the first inclined surface 911 of the next displacement plate 909 is aligned with the push frame 903, which facilitates the next push of the rotating disk 908 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating disk 908 drives the mounting shaft 803 to rotate, and the rotation of the mounting shaft 803 drives the magnetic separation roller 804 to rotate, so that during the reciprocating movement of the movable seat 809, the magnetic separation roller 804 is automatically rotated at a certain angle to continuously scrape off the iron filings on the magnetic separation roller 804.

[0055] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 3 to 5 The outer wall of the movable seat 809 is provided with a threaded hole, which matches the threaded rod 808. The top outer wall of the movable seat 809 is in contact with the top inner wall of the support frame 802.

[0056] In this embodiment: the motor 807 drives the threaded rod 808 to rotate, the rotation of the threaded rod 808 drives the movable seat 809 to move, thereby causing the movable seat 809 to move back and forth within the support frame 802, and the movable seat 809 slides along the top of the inner wall of the support frame 802.

[0057] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 3 to 5 The bottom end of the scraper 812 is provided with an arc-shaped surface, which is in contact with the outer wall of the magnetic separator 804.

[0058] In this embodiment: when the movable seat 809 moves toward the slide rail 805, the scraper 812 is in a vertical state and in contact with the horizontal plate 811. The bottom end of the scraper 812 is in contact with the outer wall of the magnetic separation roller 804. The displacement of the movable seat 809 drives the scraper 812 to move. The displacement of the scraper 812 scrapes the iron at the top of the magnetic separation roller 804 into the slide rail 805.

[0059] It should be noted that the contact surface between the scraper 812 and the groove 810 has a certain frictional resistance. When the L-shaped block 814 pushes the rotating plate 813 to rotate relative to the movable seat 809 and drives the scraper 812 to rotate, due to the aforementioned frictional resistance, the rotating plate 813 and the scraper 812 can remain tilted during the return stroke, so that the scraper 812 does not contact the outer wall of the magnetic separation roller 804 until the rotating plate 813 is pushed again by the push frame 903, so that the scraper 812 returns to the vertical state.

[0060] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 4 to 8 The outer wall of the vertical plate 902 is provided with a square groove, the inner wall of the square groove is in contact with the outer wall of the push frame 903, and the top of the push frame 903 is fixedly connected to a limiting block 11, which is in contact with the vertical plate 902.

[0061] In this embodiment: the movable seat 809 continues to move, thereby pushing the pusher frame 903 to move through the rotating plate 813, which stretches the first spring 904; when the movable seat 809 moves toward the slide rail 805, the pusher frame 903 is reset by the elastic force of the first spring 904, and the limiting block 11 is used to limit the moving distance of the pusher frame 903, so that the first spring 904 is always in a stretched state.

[0062] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 4 to 8 The extrusion block 906 has a pointed end facing the rotating disk 908, and the outer wall of the mounting bracket 901 has a groove, the inner wall of which fits against the outer wall of the square rod 905.

[0063] In this embodiment: when the movable seat 809 moves away from the slide rail 805, the push frame 903 displaces and contacts the first inclined surface 911, pushing the displacement plate 909 and the rotating disk 908 to rotate. At this time, one end of the pressing block 906 slides along the second inclined surface 912 on one of the displacement blocks 910 to the third inclined surface 913 of the same displacement block 910, and the second spring 907 is in a compressed state. When the movable seat 809 moves toward the slide rail 805, the pressing block 906 slides along the third inclined surface 913 between the second inclined surface 912 and the third inclined surface 913 of the two displacement blocks 910, and the pressing block 906 pushes the rotating disk 908 to rotate through the displacement block 910.

[0064] Example 2: A preparation process for a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0065] Step 1: Preparation of base glaze and antibacterial agent: Weigh the following base glaze raw materials according to the mass fraction: feldspar 45%, quartz 28%, kaolin 15%, calcite 7%, talc 5%, and mix them evenly.

[0066] The zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent used in this embodiment was prepared as follows: 90 parts by weight of analytical grade zinc oxide and 10 parts by weight of analytical grade cerium dioxide were weighed, and an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol was added as a dispersion medium. The mixture was then mixed in a planetary ball mill for 4 hours until homogeneous, and then dried at 100°C. The dried powder was placed in a muffle furnace and calcined at 800°C for 2 hours, followed by furnace cooling. The calcined powder was then ground and passed through a 325-mesh sieve to obtain zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide composite antibacterial agent powder (ZnO:CeO2 molar ratio 90:10).

[0067] Prepare the above-mentioned antibacterial agent at a weight equivalent to 7% of the base glaze.

[0068] Step 2: Ball milling preparation of basic glaze slurry: Put all the basic glaze raw materials weighed in Step 1 into a ball mill, and add water equivalent to 45% of the total dry weight for wet ball milling. The ball milling time is 14 hours until the fineness of the glaze slurry reaches 325 mesh and the sieve residue is ≤0.1%, thus preparing the basic glaze slurry.

[0069] Step 3: Compounding of antibacterial glaze slurry: Add the above-mentioned antibacterial agent at 7% of the total mass of the base glaze slurry prepared in Step 2, and add sodium tripolyphosphate at 0.25% of the total mass of the base glaze slurry as a descaling agent. Stir the mixture in a mixer at a high speed of 450 r / min for 35 minutes to ensure that the antibacterial agent is evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry, and obtain antibacterial glaze slurry.

[0070] Step 4: Sieving, iron removal and aging of glaze slurry: Using a double-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit, the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in Step 3 above is first passed through an 80-mesh vibrating screen for coarse sieving, and then through a 325-mesh vibrating screen for fine sieving. The glaze slurry after sieving is then subjected to iron removal treatment. Finally, the iron-removed glaze slurry is injected into an aging tank and sealed for aging at room temperature for 30 hours.

[0071] Step 5: Glazing: Apply the antibacterial glaze prepared in Step 4 evenly to the surface of the bisque-fired ceramic body using a spray glazing process, controlling the dry glaze layer thickness to be 0.3 mm.

[0072] Step Six: High-Temperature Sintering: Place the glazed ceramic blank from Step Five into a roller kiln and sinter it under an oxidizing atmosphere. The sintering regime is as follows: heat the ceramic blank from room temperature to 1160°C at a rate of 4°C / minute and hold it at that temperature for 25 minutes. Then, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze product, which is denoted as sample S2.

[0073] Example 3: A preparation process for a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0074] Step 1: Preparation of base glaze and antibacterial agent: Weigh the following base glaze raw materials according to the mass fraction: feldspar 52%, quartz 28%, kaolin 10%, calcite 5%, talc 5%, and mix them evenly.

[0075] The preparation method of the zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent used in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1, and a composite antibacterial agent powder with a ZnO:CeO2 molar ratio of 95:5 is obtained.

[0076] Prepare the above-mentioned antibacterial agent at a weight equivalent to 3% of the base glaze.

[0077] Step 2: Ball milling preparation of basic glaze slurry: Put all the basic glaze raw materials weighed in Step 1 into a ball mill, and add water equivalent to 45% of the total dry weight for wet ball milling. The ball milling time is 12 hours until the fineness of the glaze slurry reaches 325 mesh and the sieve residue is ≤0.1%, thus preparing the basic glaze slurry.

[0078] Step 3: Compounding of antibacterial glaze slurry: Add the above-mentioned antibacterial agent at 3% of the total mass of the base glaze slurry prepared in Step 2, and add sodium tripolyphosphate at 0.15% of the total mass of the base glaze slurry as a descaling agent. Stir the mixture in a mixer at a high speed of 350 r / min for 45 minutes to ensure that the antibacterial agent is evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry, and obtain antibacterial glaze slurry.

[0079] Step 4: Sieving, iron removal and aging of glaze slurry: Using a double-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit, the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in Step 3 above is first passed through an 80-mesh vibrating screen for coarse sieving, and then through a 325-mesh vibrating screen for fine sieving. The glaze slurry after sieving is then subjected to iron removal treatment. Finally, the iron-removed glaze slurry is injected into an aging tank and sealed for aging at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0080] Step 5: Glazing: Apply the antibacterial glaze prepared in Step 4 evenly to the surface of the bisque-fired ceramic body using a spray glazing process, controlling the dry glaze layer thickness to be 0.3 mm.

[0081] Step Six: High-Temperature Sintering: Place the glazed ceramic blank from Step Five into a roller kiln and sinter it under an oxidizing atmosphere. The sintering regime is as follows: heat the ceramic blank from room temperature to 1200℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and hold it at that temperature for 15 minutes. Then, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze product, which is designated as sample S3.

[0082] Comparative Example 1: A process for preparing a ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0083] The basic glaze formulation of this comparative example is exactly the same as that of Example 1.

[0084] The specific steps and equipment used in the preparation process are exactly the same as in Example 1, except that no antibacterial agent is added in step three, and the resulting sample is denoted as D1.

[0085] Comparative Example 2: A preparation process for a ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0086] The basic glaze formulation of this comparative example is exactly the same as that of Example 1.

[0087] The specific steps and equipment used in the preparation process are basically the same as in Example 1. The difference is that in step three, an equal amount (8% of the total mass of the base glaze) of ordinary micron-sized zinc oxide (ZnO, purity >99.9%, average particle size about 1.0 μm) is used to replace the zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide composite antibacterial agent. The resulting sample is denoted as D2.

[0088] Comparative Example 3: A preparation process for a ceramic glaze, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0089] The glaze composition (base glaze and antibacterial agent) of this comparative example is exactly the same as that of Example 1.

[0090] The specific steps and equipment used in the preparation process are basically the same as in Example 1. The difference is that in step four, the glaze slurry after sieving is not subjected to iron removal treatment and is directly injected into the aging tank for aging. The resulting sample is recorded as D3.

[0091] Performance Testing and Result Analysis

[0092] The following tests were performed on samples S1-S3 of the above embodiments and samples D1-D3 of the comparative examples:

[0093] 1. Antibacterial performance testing was conducted according to the film-coating method in GB / T 21510-2008 "Test Method for Antibacterial Performance of Nano-Inorganic Materials". The test bacteria were *Escherichia coli* (ATCC 25922) and *Staphylococcus aureus* (ATCC 6538). The bacterial suspension was dropped onto the sample surface, covered with a film, and incubated for 24 hours. After incubation, the bacteria were washed off and counted to calculate the antibacterial rate. Antibacterial rate (%) = (Number of viable bacteria in control sample - Number of viable bacteria in test sample) / Number of viable bacteria in control sample × 100%.

[0094] 2. Gloss test: Use a 60° angle gloss meter (model: KGZ-60) to measure five points at the center and four sides of the glaze surface, and take the average value.

[0095] 3. Thermal shock stability test: Place the sample in a muffle furnace at (180±5)℃ and keep it warm for 30 minutes. After removing it, quickly immerse it in water at (20±5)℃ for rapid cooling. Wipe it dry and observe the glaze surface. Repeat this cycle until visible cracks appear on the glaze surface, and record the number of cycles.

[0096] 4. Glaze appearance evaluation: Under a standard light source box (D65 light source), three experienced inspectors visually observe the glaze of the sample and record whether there are defects such as black spots, rust spots, and pinholes.

[0097] The results of the antibacterial performance test and the glaze performance test are shown in the table below:

[0098] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0099] As shown in the table above, the glazed products prepared in Examples 1-3 (S1-S3) of this invention exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both test strains (antibacterial rate >97.5%). Comparative Example D1 (without antibacterial agent) showed virtually no antibacterial effect, confirming that the antibacterial agent is key to imparting antibacterial function to the product. The antibacterial rate of Comparative Example D2 (using ordinary ZnO) was significantly lower than all other examples, indicating that the doping and composite of zinc oxide and cerium dioxide produced a synergistic effect, significantly improving the antibacterial performance and demonstrating the technical advantage of using a specific composite antibacterial agent in this invention. Regarding glaze quality and iron removal effect: As shown in Table 1, all samples passed more than 5 thermal shock cycles, indicating that the basic glaze formulation has good thermal stability.

[0100] The glazes of Examples S1-S3 and Comparative Examples D1 and D2 (both treated with iron removal) were smooth and clean, without defects caused by iron impurities. However, the glaze of Comparative Example D3 (without iron removal) showed obvious black / brown spots and pinholes, and its gloss was significantly reduced (85.7 GU), forming a more striking contrast to the Examples (89.8-93.2 GU). This directly and powerfully demonstrates that the iron removal treatment specified in step four of the preparation process of this invention is an indispensable key step for effectively removing iron impurities from the glaze slurry, avoiding defects in the glaze surface after firing, and ensuring the appearance quality of the final product, thus solving the problems pointed out in the background art.

[0101] In summary, the high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze and its preparation process provided by this invention, through the specific composition of the base glaze, the application of a highly efficient composite antibacterial agent (zinc oxide doped with cerium dioxide), and a refined process including forced iron removal, successfully yields ceramic products with excellent antibacterial properties, high glaze quality, and stable overall performance. The data from the embodiments fully support the technical solution and beneficial effects of the claims.

[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation process for a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze, characterized in that... The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Weigh the following basic glaze raw materials according to their mass fraction: feldspar 45-55%, quartz 22-30%, kaolin 10-15%, calcite 5-8%, talc 5-7%, and mix them evenly; at the same time, prepare zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent equivalent to 3-8% of the weight of the basic glaze raw materials. Step 2: Ball milling preparation of the basic glaze slurry; Step 3: Compounding of antibacterial glaze; Step 4: Sieving, iron removal and aging of glaze slurry: After sieving the glaze slurry, iron removal is carried out. Finally, the iron-removed glaze slurry is poured into an aging tank and aged at room temperature for 24-48 hours in a sealed manner to stabilize the properties of the glaze slurry. Step 5: Apply glaze; Step 6: High-temperature sintering; The screening and iron removal process in step four is carried out using a double-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit. The double-stage vibrating screen and iron removal integrated unit includes a base (1), a support spring (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (1), a second vibrating frame (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the support spring (2), a first vibrating frame (3) is fixedly connected to the top of the second vibrating frame (6), screens (10) are installed on the inner walls of the first vibrating frame (3) and the second vibrating frame (6), a first discharge port (4) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first vibrating frame (3) and above the screen (10) inside the first vibrating frame (3), a collection box (5) is set below the first discharge port (4), an inclined base plate is installed at the bottom of the second vibrating frame (6), a second discharge port (7) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second vibrating frame (6) between the screen (10) inside the second vibrating frame (6) and the base plate, and the glaze slurry discharged from the second discharge port (7) is subjected to iron removal operation by the iron removal mechanism (8). The iron removal mechanism (8) includes a guide groove (801), which is located below the second discharge port (7). Support frames (802) are provided on both sides of the guide groove (801). An installation shaft (803) is rotatably connected inside the support frame (802). A magnetic separator roller (804) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the installation shaft (803). A slide rail (805) is fixedly connected to one side of the support frame (802). A collection frame (806) is located below the slide rail (805). A motor (807) is installed on the outer wall of one side of the support frame (802). A threaded rod (808) is connected to the output end of the motor (807). A movable seat (809) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the support frame (808). The top of the movable seat (809) is in contact with the top of the inner wall of the support frame (802). A groove (810) is provided at the bottom of the movable seat (809). A horizontal plate (811) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove (810). A scraper (812) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the groove (810) on one side of the horizontal plate (811). A rotating plate (813) is fixedly connected to the top of the scraper (812). An L-shaped block (814) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support frame (802) above the slide rail (805). The magnetic separation roller (804) rotates automatically through the rotating mechanism (9). The rotating mechanism (9) includes a mounting frame (901), which is fixedly connected to the support frame (802) on the side away from the collection frame (806). A vertical plate (902) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support frame (802) above the mounting frame (901). A pusher (903) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the vertical plate (902). A first spring (904) is connected between the pusher (903) and the vertical plate (902). A square rod (905) is slidably connected inside the mounting frame (901). A pressing block (906) is fixedly connected to one end of the square rod (905). A second spring (907) is connected between the pressing block (906) and the mounting frame (901). The rotating mechanism (9) further includes a rotating disk (908), which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting shaft (803) and located between the push frame (903) and the extrusion block (906). The extrusion block (906) has a pointed end facing the rotating disk (908). One end of the rotating disk (908) is fixedly connected to a displacement plate (909), and the other end of the rotating disk (908) is fixedly connected to a displacement block (910). One end of the displacement plate (909) is provided with a first inclined surface (911), and the outer wall of the displacement block (910) is provided with a second inclined surface (912) and a third inclined surface (913).

2. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processes for steps two and three are as follows: Step 2: Put all the basic glaze raw materials weighed in Step 1 into a ball mill, and add water equivalent to 40-50% of the total dry weight for wet ball milling. The ball milling time is 10-15 hours until the glaze slurry fineness reaches 325 mesh and the sieve residue is ≤0.1%, thus producing the basic glaze slurry. Step 3: Add 3-8% inorganic antibacterial agent by weight of the base glaze to the base glaze prepared in Step 2, and add 0.1-0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate by weight of the base glaze as a descaling agent. Stir the mixture in a mixer at a high speed of 300-500 r / min for 30-45 minutes to ensure that the antibacterial agent is evenly dispersed in the glaze slurry, and obtain an antibacterial glaze slurry.

3. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific processes for steps five and six are as follows: Step 5: Apply the antibacterial glaze slurry aged in Step 4 evenly to the surface of the bisque-fired ceramic body using a glazing process such as dipping, spraying, or immersion, and control the dry glaze layer thickness to be 0.2-0.5 mm. Step Six: Place the glazed ceramic blank from Step Five into a roller kiln and sinter it in an oxidizing atmosphere. The sintering process is as follows: heat the ceramic blank from room temperature to 1150-1200℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / minute, hold it at this temperature for 15-30 minutes, and then let it cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze product.

4. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 2, characterized in that, The antibacterial glaze prepared in step three is first coarsely sieved through an 80-mesh vibrating screen, then finely sieved through a 325-mesh vibrating screen, and then subjected to iron removal treatment.

5. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the movable seat (809) is provided with a threaded hole, which matches the threaded rod (808). The top outer wall of the movable seat (809) is in contact with the top inner wall of the support frame (802).

6. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom end of the scraper (812) is provided with an arc-shaped surface, which is in contact with the outer wall of the magnetic separator (804).

7. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the vertical plate (902) is provided with a square groove, the inner wall of the square groove is in contact with the outer wall of the push frame (903), and the top of the push frame (903) is fixedly connected to a limiting block (11), which is in contact with the vertical plate (902).

8. The preparation process of a high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the mounting bracket (901) is provided with a sliding groove, and the inner wall of the sliding groove is in contact with the outer wall of the square rod (905).

9. The high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze prepared by the preparation process of the high-temperature resistant inorganic antibacterial ceramic glaze according to claim 1, is composed of a base glaze and an antibacterial agent, characterized in that... The base glaze is composed of the following raw materials by mass fraction: feldspar 45-55%, quartz 22-30%, kaolin 10-15%, calcite 5-8%, talc 5-7%, with the sum of the contents of each component being 100%; the antibacterial agent is a zinc oxide-doped cerium dioxide inorganic antibacterial agent, and its addition amount is 3-8% of the weight of the base glaze; the molar ratio or weight ratio of zinc oxide to cerium dioxide is (90:10)-(95:5).

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