Preparation process of organic matter mineral compound fertilizer based on microorganism accelerated conversion

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fertilizers and soil improvement, and discloses a preparation process of a compound fertilizer based on microbial accelerated conversion of organic matter minerals, which comprises the following steps: preparing acidized volcanic ash with specific physical and chemical parameters as a microbial inhabiting carrier; according to the method, functional microorganisms are guided to complete physical form transformation from a free state to stable colonization in a volcanic ash carrier through staged process control, so that the functional microorganisms are subjected to aerobic fermentation in a carbon-nitrogen nutrition system which is synergistically constrained by carrier parameters, and finally, a long-period after-ripening aging process is executed. The organic matter mineral substances and the microorganisms form a symbiotic complex which is mutually nested in structure and mutually dependent in function, so that the condition that all components in the traditional biological organic fertilizer are loosely combined and the synergistic efficiency is low is changed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of based on microorganism accelerates transformation organic matter mineral matter composite fertilizer preparation process, belong to microorganism fertilizer and soil improvement technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in agricultural production, to improve the physicochemical properties of soil, the technical method widely used in the industry is to apply organic fertilizer microbial inoculant and mineral matter conditioner containing volcanic ash and other components respectively or in combination, which aims to play its respective functions of supplementing soil organic matter, introducing beneficial microbial community and supplying mineral elements. However, when these materials are prepared into products in the form of conventional physical mixing and applied to large-scale production, the non-synergistic problem of their components in the mechanism of action becomes a direct factor restricting their comprehensive effect.

[0003] In-depth analysis shows that the effectiveness of microbial inoculant depends on whether the active bacteria can survive and form a dominant population after entering the soil. However, the existing technology has deficiencies in this regard. Specifically, the existing technology has the following limitations: 1. In conventional mixed materials, microbial cells lack stable physical colonization sites and microenvironments, which reduces the activity and number of active bacteria during the survival period of the fertilizer product and in the initial stage after application to the soil due to environmental changes; 2. The spatial dispersion of organic materials, mineral particles, and microorganisms hinders the effective biochemical interaction between microorganisms and mineral substrates during fertilizer preparation, thereby affecting the activation efficiency of slow-release mineral nutrients; 3. The method of increasing the initial inoculum size to compensate for the loss of subsequent activity does not improve the colonization conditions of the microbial population in the soil and increases the preparation cost of the product, which is not ideal in terms of technical and economic efficiency. In summary, the core technical problem faced by the existing technology is not the improvement of the performance of individual components, but how to start from the preparation process and change the physical form and mutual relationship of the functional components in the product. Therefore, constructing a new preparation method to form a structurally stable and functionally synergistic complex of organic matter and minerals and microorganisms in the product form, thereby ensuring high survival rate and functional exertion of microorganisms after entering the soil, has become a technical problem to be solved by the present application. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a kind of based on microorganism accelerates transformation organic matter mineral matter composite fertilizer preparation process, its main purpose is to solve the problem that microorganism lacks stable colonization environment and cannot effectively synergize with mineral matter in the product due to the dispersion of physical form of components in the existing technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a kind of based on microorganism accelerates transformation organic matter mineral matter composite fertilizer preparation process, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step one, preparing the microbial habitat carrier, the preparation of the microbial habitat carrier includes taking the volcanic ash for acidification treatment, so that the pH value of the microbial habitat carrier obtained after treatment is 5.0 to 7.0, the average pore size of the micropore is 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and the cation exchange capacity CEC is not less than 20 centimole per kilogram;

[0007] Step two, constructing and applying carbon-nitrogen nutrition activation system, configuring the nutrient system containing wheat bran and brown sugar as double carbon source in the material system containing microbial habitat carrier, and setting the total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material system to 20:1 to 30:1, the supply rhythm and component composition of the carbon-nitrogen nutrition activation system are cooperatively constrained by the average pore size and cation exchange capacity CEC parameters of the microbial habitat carrier in step one, and the fermentation is carried out under aerobic condition;

[0008] Step three, post-ripening aging, continuously aging the material fermented in step two under the condition that the temperature is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, the relative moisture content is 60 to 70 percent and the oxygen exchange is maintained for three to four months.

[0009] Preferably, the organic matter raw material of the material system in step two includes crop straw, garden waste and livestock manure; the double carbon source in step two includes wheat bran as slow-release carbon source and brown sugar as readily available carbon source.

[0010] Preferably, the determination of the total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material system in step two follows the following rules: Wherein, is the total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material system; is the mass of the th organic matter raw material; and are the carbon content and nitrogen content of the th organic matter raw material, respectively; is the mass of urea calculated and determined to make the total carbon-nitrogen ratio reach the range of 20:1 to 30:1; is the nitrogen content of urea; is the total number of types of organic matter raw materials.

[0011] Preferably, the fermentation under aerobic condition in step two includes a multi-stage temperature control process, which includes: in the early stage of fermentation, maintaining the material temperature to above 50 degrees Celsius and then performing turning and oxygen supply operation; in the middle stage of fermentation, maintaining the material temperature between 55 degrees Celsius and 65 degrees Celsius for more than five days; and in the late stage of fermentation, allowing the material temperature to naturally fall below 40 degrees Celsius.

[0012] Preferably, the condition of maintaining oxygen exchange in step three is realized by periodic turning of the material, and the execution interval of the periodic turning is five to seven days.

[0013] Preferably, the microbial inoculum used in the process comprises a combination of three functional microbial populations: a nutrient conversion population comprising Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; a biological control population comprising Trichoderma harzianum; and a growth promotion and synergistic effect population comprising Bacillus subtilis.

[0014] Preferably, the average pore size of the micro-pores of the microbial habitat used in step one is 0.5 to 1.5 microns, which matches the size of the bacterial cells of the Bacillus species used in the process.

[0015] Preferably, the mass fractions of the raw materials used in the process, based on 1000 parts by mass of the final product, are: microbial habitat, 150 to 300 parts; organic matter raw materials, a total of 620 parts; wheat bran, 40 parts; brown sugar, 20 parts; and microbial inoculum, 20 parts.

[0016] Preferably, in the oxygen supply operation of turning over the material during the middle stage of fermentation, the moisture content of the material is simultaneously detected and adjusted to maintain between 50% and 60%.

[0017] Preferably, after step three, the process further comprises a step of drying and sieving the aged material to obtain a compound fertilizer in the form of powder.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. By controlling the environmental conditions in two different stages of high-temperature aerobic fermentation and subsequent long-term low-temperature aging, the functional microbial populations are guided to complete the physical form transformation from a free state to a planted-proliferated state in the porous framework structure of the volcanic ash. This process is not a simple physical mixing, but rather it converts the originally inert mineral particles into a micro-ecological unit with pre-installed life activity and nutrient supply. The final product forms a symbiotic relationship between organic matter, minerals, and microorganisms, which is structurally nested and functionally interdependent, thereby changing the loose combination of components in traditional bio-organic fertilizers and improving the synergistic efficiency.

[0020] 2. Based on the above-mentioned bio-mineral composite structure, the present application starts the pre-activation process of nutrients before the fertilizer is applied to the soil, i.e., during the aging stage. The microorganisms planted in the pores of the volcanic ash metabolize with organic matter as a carbon source, and their metabolic products, such as organic acids, directly act on the mineral substrate they inhabit, continuously converting the stable slow-release mineral elements in the volcanic ash into a soluble form. At the same time, the organic matter colloid and the porous properties of the volcanic ash dynamically adsorb these activated nutrients, forming a self-sustaining nutrient activation-storage microcirculation within the fertilizer, making the fertilizer itself a long-acting self-regulating nutrient supplier.

[0021] 3. When the fertilizer prepared using the method of this invention enters the soil, it does not carry dispersed dormant microorganisms that need to adapt to the soil environment, but rather microbial colonization units that are already in a stable community state, with volcanic ash particles as a barrier and organic matter as their food. This allows the functional microbial community to effectively avoid the initial survival rate problems caused by factors such as unfavorable physicochemical stress and population competition that are common in the soil environment. These micro-ecological units act as stable functional nodes in the soil, and extend their influence to the rhizosphere from these centers, thus exhibiting a more stable and predictable mechanism of action in improving soil physicochemical properties and promoting crop growth. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-stage preparation process of the compound fertilizer of the present invention;

[0023] Fig. 2 This is a graph showing the optimized relationship between the carbon-nitrogen ratio, microbial activity, and nitrogen utilization rate according to the present invention.

[0024] Fig. 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the multi-stage temperature and humidity synergistic control process for aerobic fermentation in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on these embodiments without creative effort should be included within the protection scope of this invention.

[0026] The application discloses a microbial accelerating transformation organic matter mineral compound fertilizer preparation process, which comprises three continuous process stages of microbial habitat carrier pretreatment, aerobic fermentation under carbon and nitrogen nutrition system regulation and long period ripening aging, through setting and controlling key parameters of each stage, guiding functional microorganisms, organic matter raw materials and mineral carriers to transform from an initial physical mixing state into a biological-mineral composite with coordinated structure and function; in conventional fertilizer application, after microbial agents are applied to soil, survival rate is low due to lack of a suitable microenvironment, and the function is difficult to effectively play, aiming at this section, the preparation process first performs step one, i.e., preparing a microbial habitat carrier, taking volcanic ash raw materials, using an acidic regulator such as a citric acid solution to perform acidification treatment, and performing process monitoring through a pH meter until the pH value of the system is stabilized in the interval of 5.0 to 7.0; the treated volcanic ash is dried and sieved, so that the average pore size of micropores is 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and quality detection is performed through an ammonium acetate exchange method to confirm that the cation exchange capacity CEC is not less than 20 centimoles per kilogram, the physicochemical parameters of the microbial habitat carrier provide a size-matched planting space for subsequent introduced strains such as bacillus, and the pH environment and cation exchange capacity also provide physical and chemical conditions for microbial community adhesion and subsequent nutrient exchange.

[0027] After the microbial habitat carrier is prepared, the process enters step two, i.e., fermentation under aerobic conditions according to a configured carbon and nitrogen nutrition activation system, microbial proliferation in the fermentation process depends on the carbon and nitrogen nutrition balance of the substrate, for this purpose, the process configures wheat bran as a slow-release carbon source and red sugar as a readily available carbon source in the material system to form a double-carbon source system, and sets the total carbon and nitrogen ratio of the whole material system in the interval of 20:1 to 30:1, the setting of the total carbon and nitrogen ratio is based on that when the ratio is lower than 20:1, the nitrogen source is excessive, which is easy to cause nitrogen loss, and when the ratio is higher than 30:1, the nitrogen source is insufficient, which will limit the proliferation rate of microorganisms, the calculation and regulation of the total carbon and nitrogen ratio follow the following relationship: In the formula, is the total carbon and nitrogen ratio of the material system; is the mass of the first organic matter raw material; and are the carbon content and nitrogen content of the first organic matter raw material; is the mass of urea to be added according to calculation to make the total carbon and nitrogen ratio reach the target range; is the nitrogen content of urea; For the total number of types of organic matter raw materials, the material system is mixed with microbial inoculum and microbial habitat after entering the multi-stage temperature control aerobic fermentation process, in the initial stage, the temperature of the material pile is allowed to rise above 50 degrees Celsius, and then the pile turning and oxygen supply are performed; in the middle stage, the material temperature is maintained between 55 degrees Celsius and 65 degrees Celsius for more than five days to complete the harmless treatment of the material; in the later stage, the material temperature is allowed to fall below 40 degrees Celsius, and the material reaches preliminary maturity at this time.

[0028] In specific production operations, in view of the fluctuations in the initial physicochemical properties of different batches of volcanic ash, a set of standardized process parameter determination procedures is adopted, which first obtains the acid neutralization value of the batch of volcanic ash through acid-base titration, that is, the amount of acid required to adjust the pH value of unit mass of volcanic ash suspension to the midpoint of the target interval (for example, 6.0), and then calculates the specific mass of citric acid required for acidification treatment according to the following formula: , wherein, is the mass of citric acid required, is the total mass of the batch of volcanic ash to be treated, is the acid neutralization value of the batch of volcanic ash, and is a process redundancy coefficient with a value between 1.1 and 1.2 determined through pilot test verification, which converts the acidification treatment from a passive adjustment relying on process monitoring to an active control based on the prior characteristics of the material.

[0029] Then, in order to match the component composition of the carbon-nitrogen nutrient activation system with the physicochemical parameters of the specific batch of microbial habitat, a carrier capacity index is introduced for quantitative characterization, which is determined by the detected cation exchange capacity CEC and average micropore diameter of the batch of carrier, and its calculation method is: , based on this index, the mass ratio of readily available carbon source red sugar to slow-release carbon source wheat bran is determined by the following relationship: , wherein, and are the measured values of the carrier, is the carbon source basic ratio corresponding to the reference carrier (CEC=20 cmol / kg, =0.5 μm), and is a regulation sensitivity coefficient, whose value (for example, 0.5) is determined by a small range gradient test, and this method provides an engineering basis for configuring the nutrient release rate suitable for carriers with different characteristics.

[0030] The preliminary matured material, the internal microorganism and mineral carrier combination is not stable, and the nutrient form also needs to be optimized, therefore, the last step three, post-mature aging, is performed, that is, the material fermented in step two is continuously aged for three to four months under the condition that the temperature is controlled at 25 to 30 degrees Celsius and the relative moisture content is maintained at 60 to 70 percent. In this stage, the necessary oxygen exchange is maintained by performing periodic turning over every five to seven days. This low-temperature aging process provides time for the functional microbial community to complete stable colonization in the porous structure of the volcanic ash carrier. The colonized microorganisms, through metabolic activity, secrete substances that act on the mineral substrate, converting the insoluble potassium, phosphorus and other mineral elements in the volcanic ash into forms that can be absorbed by plants, thereby forming a nutrient supply structure with slow-release characteristics inside the fertilizer product. In the middle of step two fermentation, that is, when the material temperature is maintained at 55 to 65 degrees Celsius, to control the fermentation process and avoid abnormal temperature due to excessive water loss, while performing the turning over oxygen supply operation, the moisture content of the material is simultaneously detected by a moisture meter, and the moisture content is adjusted and maintained at 50 to 60 percent by spraying misted water according to the detection results. In addition, after the completion of step three post-mature aging, in order to obtain a powder form of compound fertilizer suitable for packaging and mechanized application, the aged material can also be transported to a drying equipment for low-temperature drying treatment, so that the final moisture content is less than 20 percent, and then sieved by a roller screen to obtain a final product with uniform particle size.

[0031] Example 1: In an application for repairing a plot of land in the Northeast black soil region due to long-term cultivation leading to soil degradation, the initial state of the soil in this plot is that the organic matter content is less than 2%, the soil bulk density is higher than 1.4 grams per cubic centimeter, and there is a plow pan and poor aeration and water permeability. In the previous cultivation period, the single organic fertilizer or microbial agent input did not reverse the continuous decline in the fertility of the plot. In this application, the compound fertilizer prepared by the process described in the foregoing specific embodiments is applied. This is not a matter of dispersing the material into the soil, but rather introducing a biological-mineral complex that has been integrated in the preparation stage. In the post-mature aging stage of three to four months, the volcanic ash with an average pore size of 0.5 to 1.5 microns and a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of not less than 20 centimoles per kilogram, as a microbial habitat carrier, has provided a stable physical colonization environment for the functional microbial community. The biofilm formed by the microbial community in the carrier's pore structure reduces the risk of direct exposure to the soil's poor physicochemical environment and competition with indigenous microorganisms when it enters the soil.

[0032] After application to the soil, the compound fertilizer system begins to act in stages. On the one hand, the organic matter preliminarily decomposed in the aerobic fermentation stage provides basic nutrients for the growth of crops in the current season, making up for the slow effect of single unrotted organic material; on the other hand, the microbial community planted in the volcanic ash carrier continuously carries out metabolism with the decomposition products of organic matter as the energy source, and the secretions thereof activate the volcanic ash and the immobilized minerals in the soil, slowly releasing potassium, phosphorus, silicon and other trace elements, thereby forming a sustained nutrient supply during the growth period of crops. This way provides immediate nutrients while taking into account the long-term soil fertilization, resolving the technical contradiction between the supply of available nutrients and the maintenance of soil health; after one crop growth cycle, the physicochemical properties of the soil in the plot appear measurable changes, the number of soil aggregate structures increases, the bulk density decreases to below 1.3 g / cm3, the field water capacity and permeability rate are improved, and the root development state and drought resistance of crops are improved compared with the control plot applying conventional fertilizer, and the nutrient cycling and microecology of the soil thus enter a positive recovery process.

[0033] Example 2: To objectively verify the influence of the preparation process of the application on the physicochemical properties of the soil and the growth of crops, the following pot experiment was set up. The test environment was a greenhouse with an internal temperature maintained at 25±2°C, and the light cycle was set to 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. The soil used in the test was taken from the degraded plot in the northeast black soil region in Example 1, with an initial organic matter content of 1.8%, a water-stable aggregate structure content of 15.2% greater than 0.25 mm, and an available phosphorus content of 8.5 mg / kg. The test crop was tomato. Three treatment groups were set up in this test, namely: control group A, which did not apply any fertilizer; control group B, which applied a material physically mixed from unacidified volcanic ash, well-rotted organic material and an equal amount of functional microbial inoculant of the sample group of the application, on the basis of applying conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; and the sample group of the application, which applied the compound fertilizer prepared by the complete process of the specific embodiment, on the basis of applying an equal amount of conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The initial mass fractions of organic matter raw material, volcanic ash and microbial inoculant in control group B and the sample group of the application were consistent. The fertilizer application amount of each treatment group was converted according to the standard of 3000 kg per hectare, and was applied to the potting soil in one go.

[0034] On the 90th day after the tomato seedlings were transplanted, soil samples and plants of each treatment group were sampled and analyzed. The detection indexes included soil organic matter content, water-stable aggregate structure content greater than 0.25 mm, soil available phosphorus content, number of specific functional bacteria in the soil (calculated as Bacillus megaterium), yield of single tomato plant and soluble solid content of fruit. The test data are recorded in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1: Data record table of the effects of different treatments on the key indicators of soil and the yield and quality of tomatoes.

[0036]

[0037] The data in Table 1 shows that, compared with the control group A, the values of each indicator of the control group B increased, and the effects of soil improvement and crop yield and quality improvement of the inventive sample group were more obvious in numerical values, especially in the water-stable aggregate structure content and the number of Bacillus megaterium, the values of the inventive sample group were higher than those of the control group B, and the data difference indicated that the preparation process of the application, by pre-constructing the microbial habitat carrier and aging for a long period, promoted the stable planting of microorganisms in the carrier, so that the microorganisms could maintain high activity after entering the soil, thereby more effectively improving the soil structure and activating nutrients.

[0038] In order to further highlight the essential difference in technical effects between the complete three-stage process of the application and the conventional physical mixing method in the prior art from the process verification point of view, the following Comparative Example 1 is set.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: This comparative example aims to simulate the technical path of preparing a product by mixing each functional component in a conventional physical mixing method as described in the background art; except for the preparation method, the types and mass fractions of each raw material component used in this comparative example are completely consistent with those of the inventive sample group, i.e., for preparing 1000 parts by mass of the final product, containing 150 to 300 parts of volcanic ash, a total of 620 parts of the same organic matter raw material (crop straw and poultry manure) that has been pre-completed of composting, 40 parts of wheat bran, 20 parts of brown sugar, and 20 parts of microbial inoculant which is equivalent to the amount of the inventive sample group.

[0040] The specific preparation process is as follows: the commercially available ordinary volcanic ash which has not been subjected to the acidification treatment and physical and chemical parameter screening of step one is mixed with the organic matter raw material which has been completed of composting in other independent processes, wheat bran, brown sugar and microbial inoculant in a horizontal mixer for mechanical mixing, and stirred for 15 minutes until uniform in appearance, to obtain the final product. This process omits the key step one of preparing the microbial habitat carrier, the step two of aerobic fermentation under the constraint of a specific carbon and nitrogen nutrient system, and the step three of long-period aging of the application. The fertilizer prepared by the above conventional physical mixing method is used in the same potting test as the comparative example 1 sample group. On the 90th day after the tomato seedlings are transplanted, soil samples and plants are sampled and analyzed, and the detection indicators are compared with those of the inventive sample group, and the results are recorded in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2: Comparison table of the effects of the inventive sample group and the comparative example 1 sample group on the key indicators of soil and the yield and quality of tomatoes.

[0042]

[0043] The experimental results in Table 2 show that, when using the exact same raw material components and amounts, simply by omitting the three core process steps unique to this invention—pretreatment of the microbial habitat carrier, aerobic fermentation under a specific system, and long-term post-ripening aging—and replacing them with conventional physical mixing, the effective number of functional microorganisms (calculated as Bacillus megaterium) in the final product after being applied to the soil was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. At the same time, its effect on improving soil water stability and aggregate structure, activating available phosphorus in the soil, and improving crop yield and quality was also inferior to the product prepared using the complete process of this invention.

[0044] Example 3: This example combines Figs. 1 to 3 This describes a preparation process for a compound fertilizer based on microbial accelerated conversion of organic matter and minerals, such as... Fig. 1 As shown, the process begins with three initial materials: volcanic ash, organic matter containing straw and manure, and microbial inoculants. In step one, the volcanic ash is pretreated to prepare a microbial habitat carrier, the core objective of which is to provide a suitable physicochemical space for the functional microorganisms to colonize. Subsequently, the pretreated carrier is mixed with the organic matter and microbial inoculants and enters the aerobic fermentation stage in step two. The goal of this stage is to achieve the harmlessness and initial composting of the materials and promote the initial proliferation of microorganisms. This fermentation process is synergistically constrained by a carbon and nitrogen nutrient activation system. The fermented materials then enter the post-ripening and aging stage in step three. The goal of this stage is to promote the stable colonization of microorganisms in the carrier and activate minerals, thereby forming a functional complex. Finally, the process produces an organic matter-mineral-microorganism symbiotic complex fertilizer as the final product.

[0045] like Fig. 2 As shown in the figure, the graph reveals the functional relationship between the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N), the microbial activity index, and the nitrogen utilization rate in the form of a curve. The horizontal axis represents the C / N ratio, and the vertical axis represents the relative value (%). The solid line in the figure represents the microbial activity index, and the dashed line represents the nitrogen utilization rate. As can be seen from the figure, both the microbial activity index and the nitrogen utilization rate show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the change of the C / N ratio. Both reach their peak values ​​in the range of C / N ratio of 20:1 to 30:1. This pattern provides a technical basis for setting the total C / N ratio of the material system in the process.

[0046] like Fig. 3 As shown in the diagram, this interactive flowchart details the multi-stage control logic of the fermentation process, involving operators, a temperature control system, the fermentation pile, turning equipment, and a moisture regulation system. In the early stages of fermentation, the temperature control system monitors the fermentation pile temperature rising and exceeding 50 degrees Celsius. After that, the signal of turning is sent, and the first turning is performed by the turning device for oxygen mixing; in the middle of fermentation, the stage lasts for more than five days, the temperature control system monitors and maintains the pile temperature to return to 55 to 65 to ensure the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria, and the moisture content is detected, when the moisture content is lower than 50%, the water regulation is started to spray water, the moisture content is adjusted to the target range of 50%-60%, and the temperature data is recorded by the operator; finally, in the late fermentation, the pile temperature naturally cools down, when the temperature control system detects that the temperature is lower than 40 , the signal of completing fermentation is sent to perform preliminary composting evaluation.

[0047] In the specific production operation, when the preparation process needs to use the batch of volcanic ash with unknown physicochemical parameters as the microbial habitat carrier, a certain method is needed to adjust the component composition of the carbon and nitrogen nutrition activation system to match the adsorption and colonization characteristics of the batch of carrier, so as to ensure the stability of the process; in order to solve this problem, a standardization of carrier parameter calibration and nutrition system adaptation procedure is used before fermentation, the procedure first takes the batch of volcanic ash sample, uses the ammonium acetate exchange method to determine the cation exchange capacity CEC, and uses the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method to analyze the average pore size of micropores, at the same time, the amount of acid required for neutralization of a specific concentration of acid is obtained by acid-base titration method, to calculate the process parameters of acidification treatment, to ensure that the pH value of the treated carrier can enter the target interval of 5.0 to 7.0.

[0048] The next step of the procedure is to use the CEC and the average micropore size value measured in the previous step as inputs to determine the mass ratio of readily available carbon source to slow-release carbon source in the carbon-nitrogen activation system. The principle of this determination is that a higher CEC and a larger average micropore size indicate that the carrier has stronger nutrient adsorption buffering capacity and more abundant microbial colonization space, so it can match a nutrient system with a higher initial energy supply rate, and the mass fraction of readily available carbon source, i.e. brown sugar, needs to be increased accordingly; on the contrary, a lower CEC and a smaller average micropore size require a more gentle nutrient release curve to prevent local nutrient concentration from being too high to inhibit microbial activity, in which case the mass fraction of readily available carbon source needs to be reduced and the input amount of slow-release carbon source, i.e. wheat bran, needs to be increased accordingly. In a set of adaptive calibration operations, two batches of different sources of volcanic ash carriers were calibrated. The CEC of the first batch of carriers was measured to be 35 centimoles per kilogram, and the average micropore size was 1.2 microns. According to this, the mass ratio of brown sugar to wheat bran in the carbon-nitrogen activation system was set to 1:2. The CEC of the second batch of carriers was measured to be 22 centimoles per kilogram, and the average micropore size was 0.8 microns. The mass ratio was adjusted to 1:3 accordingly. The implementation of this calibration procedure enables dynamic adjustment of the key steps of the preparation process according to the measured parameters of the raw materials, ensuring the stability of microbial colonization efficiency and nutrient activation level between different batches of products.

[0049] In Example 5, when batch initial pathogenic bacteria base of poultry manure is used as organic matter raw material in the preparation process, in order to control the biological safety of the final product, a verification procedure including intermediate process detection needs to be performed. In this procedure, multiple point temperature monitoring is performed on the aerobic fermentation stage of step two, i.e. temperature sensors are placed at different depths of the fermentation pile to confirm that the core temperature of the entire pile can be maintained between 55 degrees Celsius and 65 degrees Celsius for more than five days, and samples are taken from the pile at the nodes of 72 hours and 120 hours during the high temperature period, and the indicator microorganisms such as fecal coliform bacteria are detected according to industry standards. Only when the detection results show that the number has decreased below the specified safety threshold, the batch of fermented materials is allowed to enter the subsequent process link.

[0050] After the fermentation material enters the post-ripening aging stage of step three, in order to objectively determine the composting end point and control the consistency of product quality, a multi-index comprehensive evaluation end point determination method is adopted. Starting from the second month after the aging begins, the composting pile is sampled every 15 days, and the following three core indexes are detected simultaneously, i.e., the germination index GI detected by the seed germination method, the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio HA / FA detected by the chemical analysis method, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio C / N of the material. When the detection results of two consecutive samplings simultaneously meet the conditions that the germination index GI is greater than 80%, the humic acid to fulvic acid ratio HA / FA enters the stable platform period, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio C / N is stable below 20:1, and the change rate between the two samplings is less than 5%, it is determined that the batch of material has reached the fully composted state.

[0051] Example 6: In order to determine the ratio of microbial flora with different functional attributes in the composite fertilizer system of the present application, a standardized flora ratio optimization procedure needs to be performed to address specific soil-borne disease problems caused by continuous cropping in facility agriculture. This procedure takes tomato Fusarium wilt as a specific application scenario, aiming to determine the appropriate input ratio between biological control flora and nutrient conversion flora. The procedure prepares three groups of test fertilizers, each of which is prepared according to the complete process of the specific embodiment, with consistent components such as organic matter raw materials and volcanic ash carriers. The only variable is the internal composition of the microbial inoculant. In group A, the microbial inoculant is mainly for biological control, with a total addition amount of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis accounting for 75% of the total amount of the inoculant. In group C, the microbial inoculant is mainly for nutrient conversion, with a total addition amount of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginosus accounting for 75%. In group B, the two types of functional flora are evenly distributed, with each accounting for 50% of the total amount of the inoculant. Subsequently, under controlled greenhouse conditions, the three groups of fertilizers are applied to potted soil pre-inoculated with a certain amount of Fusarium spores and planted with tomatoes.

[0052] At 90 days of tomato growth, the wilt incidence rate of each treatment group is calculated, and the dry matter weight of the aboveground part of the plant is measured. The test data show that the wilt incidence rate of the tomatoes treated in group A is the lowest, but the average dry weight of the plants is lower than that of group B. The average dry weight of the plants treated in group C is the highest among the non-diseased individuals, but the incidence rate is also the highest among the three groups. The plants treated in group B maintain a low incidence rate while achieving an average dry weight comparable to that of healthy plants in group C. The execution of this procedure converts the flora ratio from a fixed empirical value to an engineering parameter that can be optimized and verified for specific agricultural application scenarios through a standardized test procedure.

[0053] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are merely intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A process for the preparation of a compound organic-mineral fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter by microorganisms, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: Step one, preparing the microbial habitat carrier, the preparation of the microbial habitat carrier comprises taking the volcanic ash for acidification treatment, so that the pH value of the microbial habitat carrier obtained after treatment is 5.0 to 7.0, the average pore size of the micropore is 0.5 to 1.5 microns, and the cation exchange capacity CEC is not less than 20 centimole per kilogram; Step two, constructing and applying carbon and nitrogen nutrition activation system, in the material system containing microbial habitat carrier, configuring the nutrient system containing wheat bran and brown sugar as double carbon source, and setting the total carbon nitrogen ratio of the material system to 20:1 to 30:1, the supply rhythm and component composition of carbon and nitrogen nutrition activation system are cooperatively constrained by the average pore size and cation exchange capacity CEC parameters of step one microbial habitat carrier, and the fermentation is carried out under aerobic condition; Step three, post-ripening aging, the material system after step two fermentation is continuously aged for three to four months under the condition that the temperature is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, the relative moisture content is 60% to 70% (whether the subsequent aging effect will adjust the moisture content to 60%-70%, in actual operation, the moisture content in this stage is 40%-50%), and the oxygen exchange is maintained.

2. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic matter raw material of the material system in step two comprises crop straw, garden waste and livestock manure; the double carbon source in step two comprises wheat bran as slow-release carbon source and brown sugar as readily available carbon source.

3. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material system in step two follows these rules: ,in, The total carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material system; For the first The quality of organic raw materials; and The first The carbon and nitrogen content of the organic raw materials; The mass of urea calculated to achieve a total carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in the range of 20:1 to 30:1; This refers to the nitrogen content of urea. This represents the total number of types of organic raw materials.

4. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation under aerobic condition in step two comprises a multi-stage temperature control process, which comprises: in the early stage of fermentation, maintaining the material temperature above 50 degrees Celsius and then performing turning and oxygen supply operation; in the middle stage of fermentation, maintaining the material temperature between 55 degrees Celsius and 65 degrees Celsius for more than five days; and in the later stage of fermentation, allowing the material temperature to naturally fall below 40 degrees Celsius.

5. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condition of maintaining oxygen exchange in step three is realized by periodic turning of the material, and the execution interval of periodic turning is five to seven days.

6. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent used in the process comprises the following three functional bacteria groups: nutrient conversion bacteria group, which comprises bacillus megaterium and bacillus amyloliquefaciens; biological prevention and control bacteria group, which comprises trichoderma harzianum; and growth promotion and efficiency improvement bacteria group, which comprises bacillus subtilis.

7. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average pore size of the micropore of the microbial habitat carrier in step one is 0.5 to 1.5 microns.

8. The process for the preparation of a compound fertilizer based on accelerated transformation of organic matter and mineral substances using microorganisms according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the turning and oxygen supply operation in the middle stage of fermentation, the moisture content of the material is detected synchronously, and the moisture content of the material is adjusted to maintain between 50% and 60%.

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