Impact experiment system

Abstract

The invention discloses an impact experiment system, and relates to the technical field of component disaster simulation, the impact experiment system comprises a fixing frame, a test piece, an axial loading device and a lateral impact device, the fixing frame and the test piece are fixedly arranged, the axial loading device is arranged at the top end of the fixing frame, the axial loading device is arranged above the test piece, and the lateral impact device is arranged above the test piece. The axial loading device can be connected or contacted with the top end of the test piece and applies an axial load downwards to the test piece, and the lateral impact device can transversely impact on the outer side wall of the test piece; according to the invention, the impact response of the steel member under the actual working condition can be simulated more truly and accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural component disaster simulation technology, and in particular to an impact testing system. Background Technology

[0002] Steel structures have become increasingly popular and are widely used in buildings, railways, bridges, and residential buildings due to their advantages such as light weight, high strength, and short construction period. Among these, steel columns are primarily used as axial load-bearing members in building structures. Throughout their lifespan, these steel components are subjected to dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and temperature loads, as well as other unexpected loads, such as vehicle impact loads. The impact of impact loads on steel structures is mainly reflected in the structure's dynamic response and stress wave propagation. An impact load is an external load characterized by rapid changes over time; the load value can increase or decrease dramatically within a short period. When a localized area of ​​a steel component is impacted, this disturbance gradually propagates to the undisturbed area; this phenomenon is called stress wave propagation. For steel components, the action of impact loads can lead to dynamic responses, including stress concentration, deformation, and failure, resulting in a reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the steel components and thus affecting the stability of the entire steel structure. Furthermore, since steel columns bear weight, the adverse effects of axial compression loads on the impact resistance of the steel components must also be considered.

[0003] At present, the self-weight drop hammer impact testing machine is a widely used impact testing device, but its boundary conditions are simple and cannot simulate the load changes of steel components more realistically and accurately. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an impact testing system to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to more realistically and accurately simulate the impact response of steel components under actual working conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides an impact testing system, including a fixed frame, a specimen, an axial loading device, and a lateral impact device. The fixed frame and the specimen are fixedly installed. The axial loading device is located on the top of the fixed frame and is positioned above the specimen. The axial loading device can connect to or contact the top of the specimen and apply an axial load downward to the specimen. The lateral impact device can laterally impact the outer side wall of the specimen.

[0006] Preferably, it further includes a clamping device, which is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame. The clamping device is capable of clamping the outer side wall of the top of the specimen and providing lateral restraint for the top of the specimen.

[0007] Preferably, the clamping device includes two semi-rings that can be fixedly assembled into a clamping ring, which is sleeved on the top of the specimen; both semi-rings are fixedly connected to the fixing frame; and each of the two semi-rings has a plurality of rolling elements on its inner side, which can rotate and contact the outer side wall of the top of the specimen.

[0008] Preferably, the device further includes several long screws, several first locking nuts, and several second locking nuts; two rigid plates are fixedly mounted on the fixing frame, the two rigid plates are symmetrically arranged about the left and right sides of the specimen, and the two semi-rings are symmetrically arranged about the left and right sides of the specimen; each of the semi-rings has a reserved hole at both ends, and each of the rigid plates has a connecting hole at both ends, the connecting hole and the reserved hole correspond to the long screws, and the long screws can pass through the connecting holes and the reserved holes; the first locking nuts and the second locking nuts are threadedly connected to the long screws; the several first locking nuts lock and fix the two semi-rings, and the several second locking nuts lock and fix the long screws to the two rigid plates.

[0009] Preferably, the axial loading device includes a power unit and an elastic element. The power unit is located on the top of the fixed frame, and the elastic element is placed between the power unit and the test specimen. The top of the elastic element is connected to the power output end of the power unit, and the bottom of the elastic element is connected to or in contact with the top of the test specimen. The elastic element can transmit the axial load output by the power unit to the test specimen.

[0010] Preferably, the power device is a hydraulic jack, and the elastic element is a disc spring.

[0011] Preferably, it further includes a top fixing plate and a bottom fixing plate, wherein the top fixing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame, the bottom fixing plate is anchored to the ground, the top of the power device is fixedly mounted on the top fixing plate, and the bottom of the specimen is fixedly mounted on the bottom fixing plate.

[0012] Preferably, an axial force sensor is fixedly provided between the power unit and the elastic element.

[0013] Preferably, the specimen includes a main body and an extension column, the extension column being positioned above the main body, and the top end of the main body being fixedly connected to the bottom end of the extension column via a flange.

[0014] Preferably, the lateral impact device includes a track, a trolley, an impact force sensor, an impact head, a drop hammer, a steel cable, and a pulley system. The track is fixed to the ground, the trolley is mounted on the track and can move laterally along the track, one end of the impact force sensor is detachably fixed to the front end of the trolley, one end of the impact head is detachably fixed to the other end of the impact force sensor, and the other end of the impact head can laterally impact the outer wall of the specimen, the drop hammer is vertically positioned and can fall downwards under the action of gravity, one end of the steel cable is fixedly connected to the rear end of the trolley, the other end of the steel cable is fixedly connected to the drop hammer, the steel cable passes around the pulley system, and the pulley system can change the direction of the steel cable; the downward fall of the drop hammer can drive the trolley to move laterally along the track.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: The impact testing system provided by this invention applies an axial load downward to the specimen through an axial loading device and impacts the specimen laterally on the outer wall of the specimen through a lateral impact device. This enables the simulation and testing of lateral vehicle impact on steel components under axial compressive load conditions. It can more realistically and accurately simulate the impact (i.e., lateral impact) response of steel components under actual working conditions (i.e., under axial compressive load conditions), making it convenient to test the mechanical properties of steel components under the combined action of axial force and impact force, and providing a reference for structural safety design. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the impact testing system provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view; Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the clamping device; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the internal connections of the clamping device; In the diagram: 1-Power unit, 2-Axial force sensor, 3-Elastic element, 4-Rigid plate, 5-Clamping device, 6-Flange, 7-Main body, 8-Fixing frame, 9-Bottom fixing plate, 10-Anchor bolt, 11-Steel cable, 12-Trolley, 13-Impact force sensor, 14-Impact head, 15-Pulley block, 16-Hook, 17-Railway, 18-Falling hammer, 19-Long screw, 20-Extension short column, 21-Mounting frame, 22-Rolling element. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The purpose of this invention is to provide an impact testing system to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and to more realistically and accurately simulate the impact response of steel components under actual working conditions.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an impact test system, including a fixed frame 8, a specimen, an axial loading device and a lateral impact device. The fixed frame 8 and the specimen are fixedly installed. The axial loading device is located on the top of the fixed frame 8 and is positioned above the specimen. The axial loading device can connect or contact the top of the specimen and apply an axial load downward to the specimen. The lateral impact device can impact the outer side wall of the specimen laterally.

[0022] The impact testing system provided by this invention applies an axial load downward to the specimen through an axial loading device and impacts the specimen laterally on the outer wall of the specimen through a lateral impact device. This enables the simulation and testing of lateral vehicle impact on steel components under axial compressive load conditions. It can more realistically and accurately simulate the impact (i.e., lateral impact) response of steel components under actual working conditions (i.e., under axial compressive load conditions), making it convenient to test the mechanical properties of steel components under the combined action of axial force and impact force, and providing a reference for structural safety design.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impact test system provided by the present invention further includes a clamping device 5, which is fixedly mounted on the fixed frame 8. The clamping device 5 can clamp the outer side wall of the top of the specimen and provide lateral limitation for the top of the specimen to simulate the lateral constraint of the steel component under actual working conditions from the component it supports.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping device 5 includes two semi-rings that can be fixedly assembled into a clamping ring, which is sleeved on the top of the specimen. Both semi-rings are fixedly connected to the fixing frame 8. Several rolling elements 22 are provided on the inner side of each semi-ring. The rolling elements 22 can rotate and contact the outer wall of the top of the specimen to facilitate the application of axial force. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rolling elements 22 are mounted on the mounting frame 21, which is fixedly mounted on the semi-rings to facilitate modular installation or replacement of multiple rolling elements 22.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impact testing system provided by the present invention further includes several long screws 19, several first locking nuts, and several second locking nuts; two rigid plates 4 are fixedly mounted on the fixing frame 8, the two rigid plates 4 are symmetrically arranged about the left and right sides of the specimen, and two semi-rings are symmetrically arranged about the left and right sides of the specimen; both ends of the semi-rings are provided with reserved holes, and both ends of the rigid plates 4 are provided with connecting holes, the connecting holes and the reserved holes correspond to the long screws 19, and the long screws 19 can pass through the connecting holes and the reserved holes; the first locking nuts and the second locking nuts are threadedly connected to the long screws 19; the several first locking nuts lock and fix the two semi-rings, and the several second locking nuts lock and fix the long screws 19 to the two rigid plates 4, preventing the clamping device 5 from shifting; in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both rigid plates 4 are welded to the fixing frame 8.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial loading device includes a power device 1 and an elastic element 3. The power device 1 is located on the top of the fixed frame 8, and the elastic element 3 is placed between the power device 1 and the test specimen. The top of the elastic element 3 is connected to the power output end of the power device 1, and the bottom of the elastic element 3 is connected to or in contact with the top of the test specimen. The elastic element 3 can transmit the axial load output by the power device 1 to the test specimen, so as to smoothly provide axial force to the test specimen through the elastic element 3.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power device 1 is a hydraulic jack and the elastic element 3 is a disc spring. That is, the piston rod of the hydraulic jack provides axial force to the specimen through the disc spring. The disc spring can provide a large load-bearing capacity and elastic deformation in a small installation space, and the stiffness can be flexibly adjusted by combining multiple disc springs.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impact testing system provided by the present invention further includes a top fixing plate and a bottom fixing plate 9. The top fixing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame 8, and the bottom fixing plate 9 is anchored to the ground by anchor bolts 10. The top of the power device 1 is fixedly mounted on the top fixing plate, and the bottom of the specimen is fixedly mounted on the bottom fixing plate 9. The system is highly stable and easy to manufacture and use. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the power device 1 is fixedly connected to the top fixing plate by high-strength bolts. The top fixing plate is welded to the top of the fixing frame 8, and the bottom of the specimen is welded to the bottom fixing plate 9.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an axial force sensor 2 is fixedly provided between the power device 1 and the elastic member 3 to facilitate the measurement and recording of the changes in axial force during the loading process. The core purpose is to accurately and in real time monitor the magnitude of the axial force, ensure that the axial force loading meets the experimental set value, and capture the dynamic changes of the axial force during the loading process.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specimen includes a main body 7 and an extension column 20. The extension column 20 is placed above the main body 7. The top end of the main body 7 and the bottom end of the extension column 20 are fixedly connected by a flange 6, which facilitates assembly and use. In this embodiment, a flange is welded to the top end of the main body 7 and another flange is welded to the bottom end of the extension column 20. The two flanges are connected by bolts.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lateral impact device includes a track 17, a trolley 12, an impact force sensor 13, an impact head 14, a drop hammer 18, a steel cable 11, and a pulley system 15. The track 17 is fixed on the ground, the trolley 12 is mounted on the track 17 and can move laterally along the track 17, one end of the impact force sensor 13 is detachably fixed to the front end of the trolley 12, and the impact force sensor 13 is used to measure the impact force, one end of the impact head 14 is detachably fixed to the other end of the impact force sensor 13, and the other end of the impact head 14 can laterally impact the outer wall of the specimen, the impact head 14 is detachable and its installation height is adjustable, and can be adjusted according to different requirements, the drop hammer 18 is vertically mounted. The drop hammer 18 falls downwards under the action of gravity. One end of the steel cable 11 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the trolley 12, and the other end of the steel cable 11 is fixedly connected to the drop hammer 18. The steel cable 11 passes through the pulley block 15, which can change the direction of the steel cable 11. The steel cable 11 moves along a fixed route through the pulley block 15. The downward fall of the drop hammer 18 can drive the trolley 12 to move laterally along the track 17, converting the potential energy of the drop hammer 18 into the impact kinetic energy of the trolley 12, thereby realizing the change of the impact direction from vertical to lateral. When the drop hammer 18 is released, the trolley 12 is dragged by the steel cable 11 and moves along the track 17 to complete the impact test. The impact speed of the impact head 14 can be adjusted by adjusting the initial height of the drop hammer 18.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of the impact sensor 13 is bolted to the front end of the trolley 12, one end of the impact head 14 is bolted to the other end of the impact sensor 13, a hook 16 is fixedly provided at the rear end of the trolley 12 for connecting to the steel cable 11, and two tracks 17 are arranged in parallel.

[0033] The impact testing system provided by this invention is simple to install, can be installed on-site by workers, has a reasonable design, strong applicability, simple structure, easy operation, and convenient specimen replacement.

[0034] The method for conducting tests using the impact testing system provided by this invention includes the following steps: Step 1: First, determine the position of the clamping device 5 according to the length of the specimen and the impact position. If the specimen is short, connect the short column to the upper end of the specimen through the flange 6. Then, assemble the mounting bracket 21 and the rolling element 22 and connect them to the clamping device 5. Install the clamping device 5 onto the fixed frame 8. Step 2: Weld the bottom end of the specimen to the bottom fixing plate 9 as one piece, and then use anchor bolts 10 to fix (or hinge) the bottom fixing plate 9 to the ground according to the test requirements to complete the specimen assembly; Step 3: Adjust the initial height of the drop hammer 18 before release according to the test requirements, and adjust the height and shape of the impact head 14 on the trolley 12. After confirming that everything is correct, apply axial force to the specimen through the hydraulic jack. After the axial force response stabilizes, release the drop hammer 18. The trolley 12 is pulled by the steel cable 11 to move on the track 17 and impact the specimen. The impact force and axial force are transmitted to the computer through the impact force sensor 13 and the axial force sensor 2.

[0035] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An impact testing system, characterized in that: The device includes a fixed frame, a specimen, an axial loading device, and a lateral impact device. The fixed frame and the specimen are fixedly installed. The axial loading device is located on the top of the fixed frame and is positioned above the specimen. The axial loading device can connect to or contact the top of the specimen and apply an axial load downward to the specimen. The lateral impact device can impact the outer side wall of the specimen laterally.

2. The impact testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a clamping device, which is fixedly mounted on the fixing frame. The clamping device is capable of clamping the outer side wall of the top of the specimen and providing lateral restraint for the top of the specimen.

3. The impact testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping device includes two semi-rings that can be fixedly assembled into a clamping ring, which is sleeved on the top of the specimen. Both semi-rings are fixedly connected to the fixing frame. Several rolling elements are provided on the inner side of each semi-ring, and the rolling elements can rotate and contact the outer side wall of the top of the specimen.

4. The impact testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes several long screws, several first locking nuts, and several second locking nuts; two rigid plates are fixedly mounted on the fixing frame, the two rigid plates are symmetrically arranged about the left and right sides of the specimen, and the two semi-rings are symmetrically arranged about the left and right sides of the specimen; each of the two semi-rings has a reserved hole at both ends, and each of the two rigid plates has a connecting hole at both ends, the connecting hole and the reserved hole correspond to the long screws, and the long screws can pass through the connecting hole and the reserved hole; the first locking nuts and the second locking nuts are both threadedly connected to the long screws; the several first locking nuts lock and fix the two semi-rings, and the several second locking nuts lock and fix the long screws to the two rigid plates.

5. The impact testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial loading device includes a power unit and an elastic element. The power unit is located on the top of the fixed frame, and the elastic element is placed between the power unit and the test specimen. The top of the elastic element is connected to the power output end of the power unit, and the bottom of the elastic element is connected to or in contact with the top of the test specimen. The elastic element can transmit the axial load output by the power unit to the test specimen.

6. The impact testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power unit is a hydraulic jack, and the elastic element is a disc spring.

7. The impact testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a top fixing plate and a bottom fixing plate. The top fixing plate is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing frame, and the bottom fixing plate is anchored to the ground. The top of the power device is fixedly mounted on the top fixing plate, and the bottom of the specimen is fixedly mounted on the bottom fixing plate.

8. The impact testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: An axial force sensor is fixedly installed between the power unit and the elastic element.

9. The impact testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specimen includes a main body and an extension column, the extension column being placed above the main body, and the top end of the main body being fixedly connected to the bottom end of the extension column via a flange.

10. The impact testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral impact device includes a track, a trolley, an impact force sensor, an impact head, a drop hammer, a steel cable, and a pulley system. The track is fixed to the ground, the trolley is mounted on the track and can move laterally along the track, one end of the impact force sensor is detachably fixed to the front end of the trolley, one end of the impact head is detachably fixed to the other end of the impact force sensor, and the other end of the impact head can laterally impact the outer wall of the specimen, the drop hammer is vertically positioned and can fall downwards under the action of gravity, one end of the steel cable is fixedly connected to the rear end of the trolley, and the other end of the steel cable is fixedly connected to the drop hammer, the steel cable passes around the pulley system, and the pulley system can change the direction of the steel cable; the downward fall of the drop hammer can drive the trolley to move laterally along the track.

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