Anchor rod cable multistage energy absorption device and method based on electromagnetic force intelligent control

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor rod cable multistage energy absorption device based on electromagnetic force intelligent control, which comprises an anchor cable main body, a lockset, a copper ingot, an annular energy absorption sleeve, a winding wire, a pressure sensor, a power supply and an automatic control circuit, the anchor cable main body is embedded in the annular energy absorption sleeve, and the outer diameter of the anchor cable main body is matched with the inner diameter of the annular energy absorption sleeve; the annular energy-absorbing sleeve is of a closed annular structure and is divided into a sleeve end part, a sleeve middle part and a sleeve tail part, and the lockset is mounted at the tail end of the middle part of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve and is matched with the copper ingot. The using method comprises the six steps of anchor rod installing, annular energy absorption sleeve installing, power source and automatic control circuit connecting, pressure detecting, supporting adjusting and recycling and the like. The multistage yielding resistance of the annular energy absorption sleeve is regulated and controlled in real time by automatically regulating and controlling the magnitude of electromagnetic force, intelligent regulation and control of multistage yielding of the annular sleeve are achieved, the annular energy absorption sleeve can be disassembled and reused, and waste of supporting materials is greatly avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of safety technology for support of coal mine roadways, and in particular relates to a multi-stage energy-absorbing device and working method for intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control of anchor bolts and cables for controlling the deformation of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways. Background Technology

[0002] With the decreasing availability of shallow coal resources in my country, coal mining is gradually shifting towards deeper areas. Under the complex conditions of high ground stress, high ground temperature, high karst water pressure, and repeated disturbances caused by mining in deep mining, the deformation of the surrounding rock intensifies, making rock control increasingly difficult. Ordinary anchor bolt and cable support systems, with their high rigidity, are less suitable for controlling the large deformations of the surrounding rock in deep mining roadways.

[0003] Energy-absorbing anchor bolts and cables utilize the energy-absorbing and pressure-reducing structure to achieve flexible support for roadway surrounding rock control, and have a good effect on controlling large deformations of roadway surrounding rock. Currently, the energy-absorbing mechanism of energy-absorbing anchor bolts and cables mainly consists of two aspects: (1) relying on the relative sliding between the energy-absorbing sleeve and the locking device, the friction effect is generated between the energy-absorbing components. At the same time, the expansion or compression of the energy-absorbing sleeve leads to plastic deformation, thereby achieving energy absorption and pressure reduction. (2) by using high-strength composite materials such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, or by changing the shape of the rod, the anchor bolt and cable support system has strong load-bearing capacity and resistance to yield deformation for surrounding rock control.

[0004] Currently, energy-absorbing anchor bolt and cable support systems are quite complex. Once the energy-absorbing component structure is set, the pressure resistance of the entire support structure is fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the actual pressure of the surrounding rock in the roadway. Moreover, after the energy-absorbing sleeve and the locking device interact, the two components are squeezed together and cannot be separated, resulting in the entire anchor bolt and cable support material being unusable and causing a great waste of support materials.

[0005] Therefore, in order to address the shortcomings in current practical work, it is necessary to develop a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control to meet the needs of practical work. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control and its usage method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a technical solution to solve practical problems.

[0008] A multi-stage energy-absorbing device for anchor cables based on electromagnetic force intelligent control includes an anchor cable body, a tray, a lock, a copper ingot, an annular energy-absorbing sleeve, a wound wire, a pressure sensor, a power supply, and an automatic control circuit. The anchor cable body is embedded in the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, and the outer diameter of the anchor cable body is adapted to the inner diameter of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve. The annular energy-absorbing sleeve is a closed ring structure and is divided into three parts along the longitudinal direction: the sleeve end, the sleeve middle, and the sleeve tail. The inner diameter of the sleeve end is consistent with the outer diameter of the anchor cable body. The sleeve has a hollow annular structure with inner and outer layers in the middle. A hollow annular space is formed between the inner and outer walls, and the wound wire is located in this space, forming an electromagnetic coil structure. The wound wire is tightly wound in the hollow annular space in the middle of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, and its two ends are connected to the power supply and automatic control circuit through the wire channel of the tray. At the same time, the inner diameter of the middle part of the sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the end of the sleeve, forming an internal cavity. The sleeve tail and the tray are an integrated cylindrical iron plate structure. The upper surface of the tray is in contact with the surrounding rock wall of the tunnel. The internal wiring channel is designed and the pressure sensor is installed on the upper surface. The copper ingot is installed at the middle tail end of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve. The upper end is tapered and chamfered, and the lower end is cylindrical. The diameter of the upper end is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve to form a clearance fit, and the diameter of the lower end is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve to form an interference fit. The lock is installed at the middle end of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, and works with the copper ingot to restrain its sliding along the anchor cable body; The power supply, the wound wire, and the pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the automatic control circuit, and both the power supply and the automatic control circuit are located outside the annular energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the number of turns of the wound wire is 130-200, and the winding range covers the longitudinal length of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve; at the same time, the longitudinal length of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve is 650mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the power supply is a KBSG series mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe AC voltage stabilizer, directly connected to the underground AC power grid, and outputs a stable voltage. A single power supply can simultaneously power 3-4 sets of coils, adapting to the arrangement of roadway support anchor bolts and cable clusters; the pressure sensor is an MPX5700AP type, with a quantity of 4, evenly arranged along the circumference of the upper surface of the tray.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper small end of the copper ingot has an inner diameter of 21.6mm, an outer diameter of 26mm, and a length of 25mm, while the lower large end has an inner diameter of 24mm, an outer diameter of 40mm, and a length of 50mm; the steel back structure at the end of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve has a wall thickness of 9.2mm and a length of 200mm, the tray at the tail of the sleeve has a thickness of 20mm, and the overall longitudinal length of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve is 1000mm and the outer diameter is 60mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the automatic control circuit includes a conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, and a driver. The conditioning circuit is an LM358 operational amplifier, the microcontroller is an STM32F103 microcontroller, and the driver is an IR2100 driver chip.

[0013] A method for using a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control includes the following steps: S1: Install the anchor cable body and fix its anchoring section to the bottom of the anchoring hole; S2: Install the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, copper ingot and lock, so that the anchor rod and cable end can pass through the sleeve and the lock can lock the copper ingot to slide. S3: Connect the power supply and automatic control circuit, connect the components, and start the power supply to achieve pre-tightening support; S4: The pressure sensor monitors the surrounding rock pressure in real time, converts it into an electrical signal, processes it through the conditioning circuit, and then transmits it to the microcontroller. S5: The microcontroller executes an algorithm based on electrical signals to control the output AC current of the regulated power supply, adjust the electromagnetic force of the loop coil, and realize multi-stage pressure relief support and rigid support. S6: After the support is completed, the recycled components are reused.

[0014] Furthermore, in steps S3 to S5, the conditioning circuit, microcontroller, driver, power supply, loop coil formed by wound wire, and pressure sensor of the automatic control circuit work together. The pressure sensor converts the surrounding rock pressure into an electrical signal, which is processed by the conditioning circuit and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller generates a PWM wave, which is amplified by the driver and controls the current value input to the loop coil by the regulated power supply to generate a corresponding electromagnetic force. This allows the current to be adjusted according to the pressure signal, thereby changing the electromagnetic force to adjust the multi-stage pressure relief resistance of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0015] Furthermore, the automatic control circuit presets multiple current yield thresholds and current change periods, and the control logic is as follows: When the electrical signal current value converted by the pressure sensor is less than the preset pressure threshold, the current increases with the increase of the pressure signal, the electromagnetic force increases synchronously, the tray is in close contact with the surrounding rock, and the sleeve does not slip. When the electrical signal current value is greater than the preset pressure relief threshold, the current decreases, the electromagnetic force decreases, and the sleeve slides out of the anchor hole to relieve pressure. After the current stabilizes, the electromagnetic force and the surrounding rock pressure are balanced. Based on the dynamic changes in the surrounding rock pressure in the roadway, the electrical signal is compared with the multi-level pressure relief current threshold, and the current is adjusted to achieve multi-level pressure relief. When the sleeve slides to its maximum depth, the current is adjusted to the maximum, the electromagnetic force equals the ultimate tensile strength of the anchor rod and cable, the pressure ends, and the anchor rod and cable enter rigid support.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S6, the specific recycling method is as follows: turn off the power to cut off the current, the electromagnetic force disappears, slide the copper ingot to the bottom of the anchor hole, remove the lock, remove the annular energy-absorbing sleeve and the copper ingot, and transfer and reuse them.

[0017] This invention has the following advantages over traditional equipment: The present invention discloses an intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control multi-stage energy absorption device and working method for anchor bolts and cables. Through a tray pressure sensor and an automatic control circuit adjustment system, the electromagnetic force is automatically adjusted, and the multi-stage pressure relief resistance of the annular energy absorption sleeve is adjusted in real time to achieve intelligent control of the multi-stage pressure relief of the annular sleeve, which can adapt to flexible support under various roadway stress environment conditions in coal mining.

[0018] The present invention discloses an intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control multi-stage energy absorption device and working method for anchor bolts and cables. After the roadway service period expires or the support is completed, the copper ingots and annular sleeves can be disassembled and reused by turning off the power supply, which greatly avoids the waste of support materials and significantly saves roadway support material consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the initial support structure of a multi-stage energy absorption device for intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control used in anchor bolts (cables) according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage pressure relief support state of a multi-stage energy absorption device for intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control of anchor bolts (cables) according to the present invention. Figure 3 Top view of a copper ingot; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure; Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the connection structure between a lock and a copper ingot; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic control circuit system for a multi-stage energy absorption device with intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control for anchor bolts (cables) according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1 to 6As shown, a multi-stage energy-absorbing device for anchor cables based on electromagnetic force intelligent control includes an anchor cable body 1, a tray 6, a lock 5, a copper ingot 4, an annular energy-absorbing sleeve 2, a wound wire 3, a pressure sensor 7, a power supply 8, and an automatic control circuit 9. The anchor cable body 1 is embedded in the annular energy-absorbing sleeve 2, and the outer diameter of the anchor cable body 1 is adapted to the inner diameter of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve 2. The annular energy-absorbing sleeve 2 is a closed ring structure and is divided into three parts along the longitudinal direction: the sleeve end 21, the sleeve middle 22, and the sleeve tail 23. The inner diameter of the sleeve end 21 is consistent with the outer diameter of the anchor cable body 1. The middle part 22 of the sleeve has a hollow annular double-layer structure with inner and outer layers. A hollow annular space 24 is formed between the inner and outer walls, and the wound wire 3 is located in this space, forming an electromagnetic coil structure. The wound wire 3 is tightly wound in the hollow annular space 24 in the middle of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve 2, and its two ends are connected to the power supply 8 and the automatic control circuit 9 through the wire channel of the tray 6. At the same time, the inner diameter of the middle part 22 of the sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the end 21 of the sleeve, forming an internal cavity. In a further optimized configuration, the sleeve middle portion 22 includes a connecting section 221, a bearing section 222, and a non-metallic spring piece 223. The upper and lower halves of the bearing section are each provided with an assembly cavity 224 coaxially distributed therewith, and the depth of the assembly cavity 224 is no greater than 40% of the depth of the bearing section 222. Adjacent bearing sections 222 are connected by a connecting section 221 and are coaxially distributed. The connecting end 221 is an annular structure coaxially distributed with the bearing section 222, and its upper and lower end faces are respectively embedded in... The connecting section 222 is located in the assembly cavity 224 and is connected to the inner side of the assembly cavity 224 by a thread, and the assembly cavity 224 is sealed to form a closed cavity structure. The wound wire 3 is located in the assembly cavity 224 of each bearing section 222. At least one non-metallic spring piece 223 is located in the bearing section 222 and is distributed parallel to the axis of the bearing section 222. At the same time, the non-metallic spring pieces 223 are evenly distributed around the axis of the bearing section 222 and are connected to the inner side of the connecting section 221.

[0022] By setting it to a multi-section connection structure, the overall length of the sleeve can be flexibly adjusted according to usage needs. At the same time, the non-metallic spring can drive the lock, copper ingot and sleeve to separate by using the elasticity of the non-metallic spring after the electromagnetic force of the winding wire is lost. This reduces the frictional resistance between the copper ingot, lock and sleeve, thereby improving the convenience of equipment disassembly.

[0023] The sleeve tail 23 and the tray 6 are an integrated cylindrical iron plate structure. The upper surface of the tray 6 is in contact with the surrounding rock wall of the tunnel. The internal wiring channel is designed and the pressure sensor 7 is installed on the upper surface. Copper ingot 4 is installed at the tail end of the middle part 22 of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve. The upper end is tapered and the lower end is cylindrical. The diameter of the upper end is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity of the middle part 22 of the sleeve to form a clearance fit, and the diameter of the lower end is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity of the middle part 22 of the sleeve to form an interference fit. The lock 5 is installed at the tail end of the middle part 22 of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, and cooperates with the copper ingot 4 to constrain its sliding along the anchor cable body 1; Further optimization involves ensuring that the inner diameter of the upper end face of the copper ingot 4 is at least 2 mm larger than the inner diameter of the lock 5, and that the upper end face of the copper ingot 4 is located at least 5 mm above the upper end face of the lock 5.

[0024] The power supply 8, the wound wire 3, and the pressure sensor 7 are all electrically connected to the automatic control circuit 9, and both the power supply 8 and the automatic control circuit 9 are located outside the annular energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0025] In this embodiment, the number of turns of the wound wire 3 is 130-200, and the winding range covers the longitudinal length of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve; at the same time, the longitudinal length of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve is 650mm.

[0026] Meanwhile, the power supply 8 is a KBSG series mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe AC voltage stabilizer, which is directly connected to the underground AC power grid and outputs a stable voltage. A single power supply can simultaneously power 3-4 sets of coils, adapting to the arrangement of roadway support anchor bolts and cable clusters; the pressure sensor 7 is an MPX5700AP type, with a quantity of 4, evenly arranged along the circumference of the upper surface of the tray.

[0027] In addition, the upper small end of the copper ingot 4 has an inner diameter of 21.6mm, an outer diameter of 26mm, and a length of 25mm, while the lower large end has an inner diameter of 24mm, an outer diameter of 40mm, and a length of 50mm; the steel back structure at the end 21 of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve has a wall thickness of 9.2mm and a length of 200mm, the tray 6 at the tail of the sleeve 23 has a thickness of 20mm, and the annular energy-absorbing sleeve 2 has an overall longitudinal length of 1000mm and an outer diameter of 60mm.

[0028] Further optimized, the automatic control circuit 9 includes a conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, and a driver. The conditioning circuit is an LM358 operational amplifier, the microcontroller is an STM32F103 microcontroller, and the driver is an IR2100 driver chip.

[0029] like Figure 7 As shown, a method for using a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control includes the following steps: S1: Install the anchor cable body and fix its anchoring section to the bottom of the anchoring hole; S2: Install the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, copper ingot and lock, so that the anchor rod and cable end can pass through the sleeve and the lock can lock the copper ingot to slide. S3: Connect the power supply and automatic control circuit, connect the components, and start the power supply to achieve pre-tightening support; S4: The pressure sensor monitors the surrounding rock pressure in real time, converts it into an electrical signal, processes it through the conditioning circuit, and then transmits it to the microcontroller. S5: The microcontroller executes an algorithm based on electrical signals to control the output AC current of the regulated power supply, adjust the electromagnetic force of the loop coil, and realize multi-stage pressure relief support and rigid support. S6: After the support is completed, the recycled components are reused.

[0030] It is important to note that in steps S3 to S5, the conditioning circuit, microcontroller, driver and power supply of the automatic control circuit, the loop coil formed by the wound wire, and the pressure sensor work together. The pressure sensor converts the surrounding rock pressure into an electrical signal, which is processed by the conditioning circuit and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller generates a PWM wave, which is amplified by the driver and controls the current value input to the loop coil by the regulated power supply, generating a corresponding electromagnetic force. This allows the current to be adjusted according to the pressure signal, thereby changing the electromagnetic force to adjust the multi-stage pressure relief resistance of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0031] Meanwhile, the automatic control circuit presets multiple current yield thresholds and current change cycles, and the control logic is as follows: When the electrical signal current value converted by the pressure sensor is less than the preset pressure threshold, the current increases with the increase of the pressure signal, the electromagnetic force increases synchronously, the tray is in close contact with the surrounding rock, and the sleeve does not slip. When the electrical signal current value is greater than the preset pressure relief threshold, the current decreases, the electromagnetic force decreases, and the sleeve slides out of the anchor hole to relieve pressure. After the current stabilizes, the electromagnetic force and the surrounding rock pressure are balanced. Based on the dynamic changes in the surrounding rock pressure in the roadway, the electrical signal is compared with the multi-level pressure relief current threshold, and the current is adjusted to achieve multi-level pressure relief. When the sleeve slides to its maximum depth, the current is adjusted to the maximum, the electromagnetic force equals the ultimate tensile strength of the anchor rod and cable, the pressure ends, and the anchor rod and cable enter rigid support.

[0032] In addition, the specific recycling method in step S6 is as follows: turn off the power to cut off the current, the electromagnetic force disappears, slide the copper ingot to the bottom of the anchor hole, remove the lock, remove the annular energy-absorbing sleeve and the copper ingot, and transfer and reuse them.

[0033] This invention has the following advantages over traditional equipment: (1) The present invention provides a multi-stage energy-absorbing device and working method for intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control of anchor bolts and cables. Through the tray pressure sensor and automatic control circuit adjustment system, the electromagnetic force is automatically adjusted, and the multi-stage pressure relief resistance of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve is adjusted in real time to realize intelligent control of the multi-stage pressure relief of the annular sleeve, which can adapt to the flexible support under various roadway stress environment conditions in coal mining.

[0034] (2) The present invention provides a multi-stage energy absorption device and working method for intelligent sensing electromagnetic force control of anchor bolts and cables. After the roadway service period expires or the support is completed, the copper ingots and annular sleeves can be disassembled and reused by turning off the power supply current, which greatly avoids the waste of support materials and saves a lot of roadway support material consumption.

[0035] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0036] In the description of this specification, the terms "connection", "installation", "fixing", "setting", etc. are interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate component without affecting the relationship between components and the technical effect. It can also be an integral connection or a partial connection. In such cases, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention or invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control, characterized in that, The multi-stage energy-absorbing device based on anchor bolt and cable electromagnetic force control includes an anchor cable body, a tray, a lock, a copper ingot, an annular energy-absorbing sleeve, a wound wire, a pressure sensor, a power supply, and an automatic control circuit. The anchor cable body is embedded in the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, and the outer diameter of the anchor cable body is adapted to the inner diameter of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve. The annular energy-absorbing sleeve is a closed ring structure and is divided into three parts along the longitudinal direction: the sleeve end, the sleeve middle, and the sleeve tail. The inner diameter of the sleeve end is consistent with the outer diameter of the anchor cable body. The sleeve has a hollow annular double-layer structure in the middle, with a hollow annular space between the inner and outer walls. The wound wire is located in this space and forms an electromagnetic coil structure. The wound wire is tightly wound in the hollow annular space in the middle of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, and its two ends are connected to the power supply and automatic control circuit through the wire channel of the tray. At the same time, the inner diameter of the middle part of the sleeve is larger than the inner diameter of the end of the sleeve, forming an internal cavity. The sleeve tail and the tray are an integrated cylindrical iron plate structure. The upper surface of the tray is in contact with the surrounding rock wall of the tunnel. The internal wiring channel is designed and the pressure sensor is installed on the upper surface. The copper ingot is installed at the middle tail end of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve. The upper end is tapered and chamfered, and the lower end is cylindrical. The diameter of the upper end is smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve to form a clearance fit, and the diameter of the lower end is equal to the inner diameter of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve to form an interference fit. The lock is installed at the middle end of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve and works with the copper ingot to constrain its sliding along the anchor cable body; The power supply, winding wire, and pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the automatic control circuit, and both the power supply and the automatic control circuit are located outside the annular energy-absorbing sleeve.

2. The multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of turns of the wound wire is 130-200, and the winding range covers the longitudinal length of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve; at the same time, the longitudinal length of the cavity in the middle of the sleeve is 650mm.

3. The multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply is a KBSG series mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe AC voltage stabilizer, which is directly connected to the underground AC power grid and outputs a stable voltage. A single power supply can supply power to 3-4 sets of coils at the same time, which is suitable for the arrangement of roadway support anchor bolts and cable clusters. The pressure sensor is an MPX5700AP type, with a quantity of 4, which are evenly arranged around the circumference of the upper surface of the tray.

4. The multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The copper ingot has an inner diameter of 21.6 mm, an outer diameter of 26 mm, and a length of 25 mm at the upper small end, and an inner diameter of 24 mm, an outer diameter of 40 mm, and a length of 50 mm at the lower large end; the annular energy-absorbing sleeve has a steel back structure with a wall thickness of 9.2 mm and a length of 200 mm at the end, a tray thickness of 20 mm at the tail end of the sleeve, and an overall longitudinal length of 1000 mm and an outer diameter of 60 mm.

5. A multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic control circuit includes a conditioning circuit, a microcontroller, and a driver. The conditioning circuit is an LM358 operational amplifier, the microcontroller is an STM32F103 microcontroller, and the driver is an IR2100 driver chip.

6. The method of using a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using the multi-stage energy absorption device based on anchor bolts and cable electromagnetic force control includes the following steps: S1: Install the anchor cable body and fix its anchoring section to the bottom of the anchoring hole; S2: Install the annular energy-absorbing sleeve, copper ingot and lock, so that the anchor rod and cable end can pass through the sleeve and the lock can lock the copper ingot to slide. S3: Connect the power supply and automatic control circuit, connect the components, and start the power supply to achieve pre-tightening support; S4: The pressure sensor monitors the surrounding rock pressure in real time, converts it into an electrical signal, processes it through the conditioning circuit, and then transmits it to the microcontroller. S5: The microcontroller executes an algorithm based on electrical signals to control the output AC current of the regulated power supply, adjust the electromagnetic force of the loop coil, and realize multi-stage pressure relief support and rigid support. S6: After the support is completed, the recycled components are reused.

7. The method of using a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control according to claim 6, characterized in that, In steps S3 to S5, the conditioning circuit, microcontroller, driver and power supply of the automatic control circuit, the loop coil formed by the wound wire, and the pressure sensor work together. The pressure sensor converts the surrounding rock pressure into an electrical signal, which is processed by the conditioning circuit and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller generates a PWM wave, which is amplified by the driver and controls the current value input to the loop coil by the regulated power supply to generate a corresponding electromagnetic force. This allows the current to be adjusted according to the pressure signal, thereby changing the electromagnetic force to adjust the multi-stage pressure relief resistance of the annular energy-absorbing sleeve.

8. The method of using a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The automatic control circuit presets multiple current yield thresholds and current change periods, and the control logic is as follows: When the electrical signal current value converted by the pressure sensor is less than the preset pressure threshold, the current increases with the increase of the pressure signal, the electromagnetic force increases synchronously, the tray is in close contact with the surrounding rock, and the sleeve does not slip. When the electrical signal current value is greater than the preset pressure relief threshold, the current decreases, the electromagnetic force decreases, and the sleeve slides out of the anchor hole to relieve pressure. After the current stabilizes, the electromagnetic force and the surrounding rock pressure are balanced. Based on the dynamic changes in the surrounding rock pressure in the roadway, the electrical signal is compared with the multi-level pressure relief current threshold, and the current is adjusted to achieve multi-level pressure relief. When the sleeve slides to its maximum depth, the current is adjusted to the maximum, the electromagnetic force equals the ultimate tensile strength of the anchor rod and cable, the pressure ends, and the anchor rod and cable enter rigid support.

9. The method of using a multi-stage energy absorption device for anchor cables based on intelligent electromagnetic force control as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In step S6, the specific recycling method is as follows: turn off the power to cut off the current, the electromagnetic force disappears, slide the copper ingot to the bottom of the anchor hole, remove the lock, remove the annular energy-absorbing sleeve and the copper ingot, and transfer and reuse them.

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