Method for predicting remaining charge duration of a battery

Abstract

The application relates to a battery residual charging duration prediction method. The method comprises the following steps: determining a current charging area of a battery according to an initial sampling voltage and an initial voltage capacity differential of the battery at a current moment; the current moment is any moment after the battery enters a charging state; obtaining a plurality of first voltage increment correlation parameter values of the battery in the current charging area, and calculating a current voltage increment of the battery according to the plurality of first voltage increment correlation parameter values; obtaining a plurality of second voltage increment correlation parameter values of the battery in a future charging area after the current moment, and calculating a future voltage increment of the battery according to the plurality of second voltage increment correlation parameter values; and determining a residual charging duration prediction result of the battery at the current moment based on the current voltage increment and the future voltage increment of the battery. The method can accurately predict the residual charging duration of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery charging technology, and in particular to a method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the requirements for battery safety management are becoming increasingly stringent. Accurately predicting the remaining charging time of a battery and anticipating the charging endpoint in advance to avoid the risk of overcharging is crucial for ensuring battery cycle life and operational safety.

[0003] In related technologies, one approach uses the relationship between the battery's unit capacity and voltage change to predict the battery's remaining capacity, and then uses this remaining capacity to estimate the remaining charging time. However, when the charging voltage changes drastically, the relationship between the battery's unit capacity and the voltage change is unstable, leading to inaccurate estimates of the remaining charging time. Another approach uses the rate of voltage change per unit time to predict the remaining charging time, but this is more problematic when the charging voltage is at a low current stage, resulting in a larger error in the predicted remaining charging time.

[0004] Therefore, how to accurately predict the remaining charging time of a battery has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, which can accurately predict the remaining charging time of the battery, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] This application provides a method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, including:

[0007] The current charging region of the battery is determined based on the initial sampled voltage and the differential of the initial voltage capacity at the current moment; the current moment can be any moment after the battery enters the charging state.

[0008] Obtain multiple first voltage increment associated parameter values ​​of the battery in the current charging region, and calculate the current voltage increment of the battery based on the multiple first voltage increment associated parameter values; and obtain multiple second voltage increment associated parameter values ​​of the battery in the future charging region after the current time, and calculate the future voltage increment of the battery based on the multiple second voltage increment associated parameter values.

[0009] Based on the current voltage increment and future voltage increment of the battery, the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment is determined.

[0010] In one embodiment, the multiple first voltage increment associated parameter values ​​of the battery in the current charging region include the current capacity increment parameter value and the current time increment parameter value;

[0011] The current voltage increment of the battery is calculated based on multiple first voltage increment associated parameter values, including:

[0012] Calculate the current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value; and calculate the current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value;

[0013] By combining the voltage increment of the current capacity channel and the voltage increment of the current time channel, the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region is determined.

[0014] In one embodiment, calculating the current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value; and calculating the current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value, including:

[0015] The current capacity increment parameter value is multiplied by the initial voltage-capacity derivative of the battery as the current capacity channel voltage increment; and the current time increment parameter value is multiplied by the initial voltage-time derivative of the battery as the current time channel voltage increment.

[0016] In one embodiment, the current time increment parameter value is obtained by means of:

[0017] If the initial sampling voltage is less than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, the initial time increment parameter value of the battery is corrected based on the time increment correction value, and the corrected initial time increment parameter value is used as the current time increment parameter value; wherein, the initial time increment parameter value is determined based on the charging current of the battery at the current moment; the time increment correction value is determined based on the charging current of the battery at the current moment and the current charging region of the battery.

[0018] If the initial sampling voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, the preset time increment parameter value is used as the current time increment parameter value.

[0019] In one embodiment, the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region is determined by fusing the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment, including:

[0020] The first product is obtained by multiplying the capacity channel weight by the current capacity channel voltage increment; and the second product is obtained by multiplying the time channel weight by the current time channel voltage increment.

[0021] The sum of the first product and the second product is used as the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region;

[0022] Among them, the capacity channel weight and time channel weight are obtained by querying the weight mapping table based on the current charging area.

[0023] In one embodiment, determining the current charging region of the battery based on the battery's initial sampled voltage and the derivative of the initial voltage capacity at the current moment includes:

[0024] If the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative satisfy the first preset condition, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a flat region.

[0025] If the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative do not meet the first preset condition, but meet the second preset condition, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a steep rise region.

[0026] If the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative do not meet the first and second preset conditions, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a transition region.

[0027] The first preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is less than the second preset voltage threshold, and the initial voltage capacity derivative is less than the first preset capacity derivative threshold.

[0028] The second preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, or the initial voltage capacity differential is greater than the second preset capacity differential threshold; the first preset voltage threshold is greater than the second preset voltage threshold, and the first preset capacity differential threshold is less than the second preset capacity differential threshold.

[0029] In one embodiment, based on the current voltage increment and future voltage increment of the battery, a predicted result of the remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment is determined, including:

[0030] Based on the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region, the predicted charging time for the current charging region is determined; and based on the voltage difference and future voltage increment of the battery in the future charging region, the predicted charging time for the future charging region is determined.

[0031] The sum of the predicted charging time for the current charging area and the predicted charging time for the future charging area is used as the predicted remaining charging time for the battery at the current moment.

[0032] In one embodiment, based on the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region, the predicted charging time for the current charging region is determined, including:

[0033] Calculate the ratio of the voltage difference corresponding to the current charging region to the current voltage increment, and use the product of the current voltage ratio and the current time increment parameter corresponding to the current charging region as the predicted charging time for the current charging region.

[0034] In one embodiment, the charging region includes a flat region, a transition region, and a steep rise region, wherein:

[0035] The voltage difference corresponding to the smooth region is the difference between the voltage point in the smooth region and the initial sampling voltage of the battery; the voltage difference corresponding to the transition region is the difference between the voltage point in the transition region and the voltage point in the smooth region; the voltage difference corresponding to the steep rise region is the difference between the voltage point in the steep rise region and the voltage point in the transition region.

[0036] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0037] If the charging region at the previous moment is different from the charging region at the current moment, determine the capacity acceleration factor and time acceleration factor of the battery at the current moment according to the charging region at the previous moment and the charging region at the current moment.

[0038] The product of the battery's voltage-capacity parameter at the previous moment and the capacity acceleration factor is used as the initial voltage-capacity differential of the battery at the current moment; and the product of the battery's voltage-time parameter at the previous moment and the time acceleration factor is used as the initial voltage-time differential of the battery at the current moment.

[0039] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0040] Based on the historical voltage increment of the battery in any charging region, the predicted voltage parameters of the battery at multiple historical prediction times are obtained.

[0041] Calculate the voltage parameter difference between the predicted voltage parameter and the actual voltage parameter at each historical prediction time.

[0042] If the number of consecutive times the voltage parameter difference is greater than or equal to the preset difference exceeds the preset number threshold, the battery voltage parameter deviation rate is calculated according to the parameter deviation relationship corresponding to different charging areas.

[0043] Based on the battery's voltage parameter deviation rate, the initial voltage capacity derivative and initial voltage time derivative of the battery at the current moment are corrected, and the corrected initial voltage capacity derivative is used as the initial voltage capacity derivative at the next moment, and the corrected initial voltage time derivative is used as the initial voltage time derivative at the next moment.

[0044] The aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery determines the current charging region of the battery based on the battery's initial sampled voltage and the differential of its initial voltage capacity at the current moment; the current moment is any moment after the battery enters the charging state; multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​of the battery in the current charging region are obtained, and the current voltage increment of the battery is calculated based on the multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values; and multiple second voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​of the battery in the future charging region after the current moment are obtained, and the future voltage increment of the battery is calculated based on the multiple second voltage increment correlation parameter values; based on the current voltage increment and the future voltage increment of the battery, the prediction result of the remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment is determined. This method can locate the current charging region of the battery at any moment during the battery charging process by combining the initial sampled voltage and the initial voltage-capacity differential. Then, it calculates the voltage increment for the current charging region and the future charging region separately. By performing targeted calculations in stages for the battery charging process, it better reflects the nonlinear characteristics of battery charging. Dividing the charging region into different regions is equivalent to establishing an independent model for each "relatively linear" segment in the entire charging process, which is physically closer to the real electrochemical behavior. Segmented calculation based on each "relatively linear" segment can ensure the calculation accuracy of each segment, reduce global errors, and improve the reliability of the prediction of the remaining battery charging time. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the application environment of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first process of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 A trend graph of the maximum single-cell voltage during battery charging in one embodiment;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second process of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third process of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the charging area in one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth process of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth step of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth step of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the seventh step of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment;

[0056] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth step of a battery remaining charging time prediction method in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0058] Before providing a detailed description of the technical solution of this application, a brief explanation of the background technology of this application will be given first.

[0059] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the requirements for the safety management of lithium batteries are becoming increasingly stringent. Especially towards the end of a fast charge, the voltage rise rate accelerates significantly, easily leading to overcharging risks. Therefore, accurately predicting the voltage change trend at the battery's end and estimating the full charge time in advance has become one of the key technologies for improving battery efficiency and safety.

[0060] In related technologies, charging time can be estimated using capacity-based prediction methods, time-based prediction methods, or fixed-step prediction models. Capacity-based prediction methods use the voltage-capacity derivative (dV / dQ) parameter to predict remaining capacity, but this method suffers from response delays in regions of rapid voltage changes. Time-based prediction methods use the voltage-time derivative (dv / dt) parameter to predict charging time, but this method lacks accuracy during low-current phases. Fixed-step prediction models use a fixed time interval for prediction, but this method has a large average error at the end of battery charging and cannot adapt to the abrupt voltage changes at the end.

[0061] Both capacity-based and time-based prediction methods fail to consider the nonlinear characteristics of dV / dQ and dv / dt as a function of battery state of charge (SOC) and current. They also lack the ability to apply different acceleration factors to different voltage ranges (e.g., smooth regions, transition regions, and steep voltage increases), leading to prediction errors. Furthermore, fixed-step prediction models exhibit significant response delays in steep voltage increases, raising the risk of overcharging. All of these methods are open-loop predictions and cannot correct errors based on actual measured voltages, potentially causing misjudgments or delayed control at the end of fast charging.

[0062] In addition, the above methods cannot accurately predict end-of-charge behavior, and can only passively detect whether the voltage has reached the threshold. They lack proactive prediction of future voltage changes, and the end-of-charge time prediction error is large, which can easily lead to premature termination of charging or an increased risk of overcharging. They also provide insufficient support for safety control decisions in the Battery Management System (BMS).

[0063] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery. This method enables high-precision prediction with shorter time steps during the low-current phase at the end of fast charging, and can also accurately predict the remaining charging and discharging time before reaching the cutoff voltage, thereby improving charging efficiency and enhancing safety and reliability. The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below.

[0064] The battery remaining charging time prediction method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to, for example... Figure 1 The application environment shown in the diagram includes a battery management system (BMS) and a battery. The BMS can collect real-time parameters such as battery voltage, current, and temperature, and calculate the remaining charging time based on these parameters. The calculation results can be reported to the vehicle controller or provided directly to the user via an onboard network such as a controller area network (CAN bus).

[0065] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery is provided, and this method is applied to... Figure 1 Taking the battery management system in the example, the explanation includes the following steps S101 to S103. Wherein:

[0066] S101, determine the current charging region of the battery based on the initial sampled voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative of the battery at the current moment; the current moment is any moment after the battery enters the charging state.

[0067] The charging region where the battery is located refers to the region corresponding to the voltage change trend during the charging process. Figure 3The graph shows the trend of maximum single-cell voltage during battery charging. It can be seen that in the initial stage of charging, the voltage rises rapidly from 3.11V to approximately 3.29V; in the middle stage, the voltage rises gradually; and in the later stage, the voltage rises rapidly to 3.65V. The initial stage of charging corresponds to the first steep voltage increase region, the middle stage corresponds to the gradual increase region, the boundary between the middle and later stages corresponds to the transition region, and the later stage corresponds to the second steep voltage increase region.

[0068] In this embodiment, after the battery begins to charge, the battery management system can set the initial sampling voltage and initial voltage-capacity derivative of the battery at the current moment based on historical experience. After obtaining the initial sampling voltage and initial voltage-capacity derivative, the battery management system can input the initial sampling voltage and initial voltage-capacity derivative into a preset charging region determination model. The charging region determination model extracts feature information from the initial sampling voltage and initial voltage-capacity derivative, and analyzes this feature information to determine the current charging region of the battery. For example, the battery may be in a flat region or a transition region.

[0069] Alternatively, since the sampling voltage range and voltage-capacity differential range differ for different charging regions, the battery management system can analyze the initial sampling voltage to determine its sampling voltage range; and analyze the initial voltage-capacity differential to determine its voltage-capacity differential range. Then, based on the sampling voltage range and voltage-capacity differential range, the current charging region of the battery is determined. This application's embodiments differ in their methods of determining the current charging region of the battery based on its initial sampling voltage and initial voltage-capacity differential at the current moment.

[0070] S102, obtain multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​of the battery in the current charging region, and calculate the current voltage increment of the battery based on the multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values; and obtain multiple second voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​of the battery in the future charging region after the current time, and calculate the future voltage increment of the battery based on the multiple second voltage increment correlation parameter values.

[0071] Among them, voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​refer to the parameter values ​​required to calculate voltage increments. For example, voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​may include capacity increment parameter values, time increment parameter values, current increment parameter values, temperature increment parameter values, etc.

[0072] In this embodiment, after obtaining the current charging region of the battery, the battery management system can analyze the future charging regions of the battery after the current charging region, according to the various charging regions during the charging process. For example, assuming the current charging region of the battery is a first steep-rise region, then the future charging regions include: a flat region, a transition region, and a second steep-rise region. Assuming the current charging region of the battery is a second steep-rise region, then there are no future charging regions. That is to say, the number of future charging regions may be zero, or it may be one or more, depending on the battery's charging region division process.

[0073] For each voltage increment associated parameter value, a voltage increment can be calculated using a relevant functional relationship. Therefore, for the current charging region, the battery management system can calculate the corresponding first voltage increment associated parameter value according to the functional relationship, obtaining the voltage increment corresponding to each first voltage increment associated parameter value. Then, the voltage increments corresponding to each first voltage increment associated parameter value are fused to obtain the current voltage increment of the battery.

[0074] Similarly, for any future charging region, the battery management system can calculate the corresponding voltage increment associated parameter value according to the functional relationship corresponding to each second voltage increment associated parameter value, thus obtaining the voltage increment corresponding to each second voltage increment associated parameter value. Then, the voltage increments corresponding to each second voltage increment associated parameter value are fused to obtain the future voltage increment of the battery.

[0075] S103, based on the current voltage increment and future voltage increment of the battery, determine the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment.

[0076] In this embodiment, after obtaining the current voltage increment and future voltage increment of the battery, the battery management system can perform mapping processing on the current voltage increment and future voltage increment according to the mapping relationship between voltage increment and remaining charging time, to determine the remaining charging time of the battery in the current charging region, and to determine the remaining charging time of the battery in each future charging region. The sum of the remaining charging time in the current charging region and the remaining charging time in each future charging region is calculated, and the summation result is used as the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment.

[0077] Alternatively, the battery management system can fuse the current voltage increment and the future voltage increment to obtain a fused voltage increment. Then, according to the mapping relationship between voltage increment and remaining charging time, the fused voltage increment is mapped to obtain the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment.

[0078] In the aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, the current charging region of the battery is determined based on the initial sampled voltage and the differential of the initial voltage capacity at the current moment; the current moment is any moment after the battery enters the charging state; multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​of the battery in the current charging region are obtained, and the current voltage increment of the battery is calculated based on the multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values; and multiple second voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​of the battery in the future charging region after the current moment are obtained, and the future voltage increment of the battery is calculated based on the multiple second voltage increment correlation parameter values; based on the current voltage increment and the future voltage increment of the battery, the prediction result of the remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment is determined. This method can locate the current charging region of the battery at any moment during the battery charging process by combining the initial sampled voltage and the initial voltage-capacity differential. Then, it calculates the voltage increment for the current charging region and the future charging region separately. By performing targeted calculations in stages for the battery charging process, it better reflects the nonlinear characteristics of battery charging. Dividing the charging region into different regions is equivalent to establishing an independent model for each "relatively linear" segment in the entire charging process, which is physically closer to the real electrochemical behavior. Segmented calculation based on each "relatively linear" segment can ensure the calculation accuracy of each segment, reduce global errors, and improve the reliability of the prediction of the remaining battery charging time.

[0079] For the current charging region, assuming that the battery's multiple first voltage increment associated parameter values ​​in the current charging region include the current capacity increment parameter value and the current time increment parameter value, then, in one embodiment, as... Figure 4 As shown, the specific content of calculating the current voltage increment of the battery based on multiple first voltage increment correlation parameter values ​​includes:

[0080] S201, calculate the current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value; and calculate the current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value.

[0081] The current capacity increment parameter value refers to the battery's capacity step size at the current moment, and the default value is the capacity change when the battery's SOC changes by 0.5%. For example, if the battery cell capacity is 100Ah, the SOC range is 0-100%, and the current capacity increment parameter value is 0.5Ah. The current time increment parameter value refers to the battery's time step size at the current moment, which is calculated based on the battery's adaptive state adjustment time.

[0082] In this embodiment, after obtaining the current capacity increment parameter value, the battery management system can calculate the current capacity increment parameter value according to the functional relationship between the capacity increment parameter and the capacity channel voltage increment to obtain the current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region. Simultaneously, the battery management system can also calculate the current time increment parameter value according to the functional relationship between the time increment parameter and the time channel voltage increment to obtain the current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region.

[0083] Specifically, in one embodiment, the detailed content of calculating the current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value and the current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value is described, including:

[0084] The current capacity increment parameter value is multiplied by the initial voltage-capacity derivative of the battery as the current capacity channel voltage increment; and the current time increment parameter value is multiplied by the initial voltage-time derivative of the battery as the current time channel voltage increment.

[0085] In this embodiment, the capacity channel voltage increment ΔV_Q can be expressed as:

[0086] ΔV_Q=dV / dQ×ΔQ

[0087] Where dV / dQ represents the voltage-capacity differential, and ΔQ represents the capacity increment parameter value.

[0088] After obtaining the current capacity increment parameter value, the battery management system can calculate the product of the current capacity increment parameter value and the initial voltage-capacity differential of the battery according to the above calculation formula, and use the product result as the current capacity channel voltage increment.

[0089] The time channel voltage increment ΔV_t can be expressed as:

[0090] ΔV_t=dv / dt×Δt

[0091] Where dv / dt represents the voltage-time derivative, and Δt represents the time increment parameter value.

[0092] After obtaining the current time increment parameter value, the battery management system can calculate the product of the current time increment parameter value and the battery's initial voltage time derivative according to the above calculation formula, and use the product result as the current time channel voltage increment.

[0093] S202, integrate the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment to determine the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region.

[0094] In this embodiment, the battery management system can determine the weights corresponding to the capacity channel and the time channel according to the current charging region of the battery. Then, it calculates the product of the capacity channel weight and the current capacity channel voltage increment, and the product of the time channel weight and the current time channel voltage increment. The two products are then added together to obtain the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region.

[0095] Alternatively, after obtaining the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment, the battery management system can calculate the average value of the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment, and use the calculated average value as the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region.

[0096] The aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery calculates the current capacity channel voltage increment in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value; and calculates the current time channel voltage increment in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value. The current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment are then fused to determine the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region. The capacity channel voltage increment reflects the intrinsic electrochemical characteristics and is more sensitive to long-term battery aging; the time channel voltage increment reflects external dynamic processes and is more real-time. This method, based on both capacity channel voltage increments and time channel voltage increments, can take into account both the battery's electrochemical characteristics and dynamic response. Furthermore, the fusion approach improves the accuracy and robustness of voltage increment prediction, laying a solid foundation for subsequent predictions of the remaining charging time based on voltage increments.

[0097] The current time increment parameter value in the above embodiments is used to calculate the time channel voltage increment. The following embodiment will describe how to obtain the current time increment parameter value, specifically including:

[0098] If the initial sampling voltage is less than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, the initial time increment parameter value of the battery is corrected based on the time increment correction value, and the corrected initial time increment parameter value is used as the current time increment parameter value; wherein, the initial time increment parameter value is determined based on the charging current of the battery at the current moment; the time increment correction value is determined based on the charging current of the battery at the current moment and the current charging region of the battery.

[0099] If the initial sampling voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, the preset time increment parameter value is used as the current time increment parameter value.

[0100] The first preset voltage threshold is set based on the battery's charging curve; for example, the first preset voltage threshold can be 3.5V.

[0101] In this embodiment, the battery management system can compare the initial sampled voltage with a first preset voltage threshold to obtain a comparison result. If the comparison result shows that the initial sampled voltage is less than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, it indicates that the initial sampled voltage is too low, and the initial time increment parameter value determined based on the current charging region of the battery is inaccurate and needs to be corrected.

[0102] In the specific correction process, the battery management system (BMS) can collect the battery's charging current at the current moment through sensors, and then determine the initial time increment parameter value of the battery based on the charging current at the current moment. Specifically, the BMS can determine the current range of the current charging current at the current moment. If it is in the first current range, the parameter value corresponding to the first current range is used as the initial time increment parameter value; if it is in the second current range, the parameter value corresponding to the second current range is used as the initial time increment parameter value; if it is in the third current range, the parameter value corresponding to the third current range is used as the initial time increment parameter value. For example, if the first current range is less than 0.3C, the corresponding initial time increment parameter value is 20 seconds; if the second current range is 0.3C-0.6C, the corresponding initial time increment parameter value is 10 seconds; and if the third current range is greater than 0.6C, the corresponding initial time increment parameter value is 5 seconds.

[0103] The charging current of the battery varies at different times in different charging regions, resulting in different time increment correction values. For example, in the transition region, the first current range is less than 0.3C, with a corresponding time increment correction value of 10 seconds; the second current range is 0.3C-0.6C, with a corresponding time increment correction value of 5 seconds; and the third current range is greater than 0.6C, with a corresponding time increment correction value of 3 seconds. In the smooth region, the first current range is less than 0.3C, with a corresponding time increment correction value of 5 seconds; the second current range is 0.3C-0.6C, with a corresponding time increment correction value of 0 seconds; and the third current range is greater than 0.6C, with a corresponding time increment correction value of 2 seconds.

[0104] After determining the specific time increment correction value based on the current charging region of the battery and the charging current of the battery at the current moment, the initial time increment parameter value is corrected using the time increment correction value to obtain the current time increment parameter value. Table 1 shows the correction process data of the initial time increment parameter value.

[0105] Table 1

[0106]

[0107] If the comparison result shows that the initial sampled voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, then there is no need to consider the battery's charging current at the current moment; the preset time increment parameter value can be directly used as the current time increment parameter value. For example, the preset time increment parameter value could be 1 second.

[0108] In the aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, when the initial sampling voltage is less than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold, the initial time increment parameter value of the battery is corrected based on the time increment correction value, and the corrected initial time increment parameter value is used as the current time increment parameter value. The initial time increment parameter value is determined based on the battery's charging current at the current moment; the time increment correction value is determined based on the battery's charging current at the current moment and the current charging region in which the battery is located. When the initial sampling voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, the preset time increment parameter value is used as the current time increment parameter value. This method coordinates the adjustment of the time increment parameter based on two dimensions: the intensity of external excitation (i.e., the magnitude of current) and the internal dynamic response (i.e., the voltage change trend). The initial time increment parameter shortens as the current increases, ensuring rapid response and safe monitoring in high-current, rapidly changing scenarios. Furthermore, a secondary correction is introduced for transition and smooth regions to achieve closed-loop adjustment of the voltage increment in the time channel. That is, in the transition region where the voltage changes rapidly (such as at the end of charging), the step size is further shortened to improve the sensitivity of capturing the inflection point, while in the smooth voltage region, the step size is appropriately extended to enhance noise immunity. This allows the scheme to achieve multiple balances at the system level: it can maintain high real-time performance and safety during high current and rapid change phases, while effectively suppressing noise and optimizing computational efficiency during low current and smooth phases, further improving the accuracy and reliability of state determination throughout the charging process.

[0109] The following example will illustrate the details of determining the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region by fusing the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment. Figure 5 As shown, the specific content includes:

[0110] S301, calculate the product of the capacity channel weight and the current capacity channel voltage increment to obtain the first product; and calculate the product of the time channel weight and the current time channel voltage increment to obtain the second product; wherein, the capacity channel weight and the time channel weight are obtained by querying the weight mapping table based on the current charging region.

[0111] In this embodiment, the capacity channel weight and time channel weight are obtained by querying the weight mapping table based on the current charging region. The capacity channel weight can be represented by α, and the time channel weight can be represented by β. Table 2 is the weight mapping table.

[0112] Table 2

[0113]

[0114] For example, after obtaining the capacity channel weight and time channel weight of the battery in the current charging region by looking up a table, the calculated first product can be expressed as α×ΔV_Q, and the second product can be expressed as β×ΔV_t.

[0115] S302, the sum of the first product and the second product is used as the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region.

[0116] In this embodiment, after obtaining the first product and the second product, the battery management system can add the first product and the second product together, and use the sum as the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region. The current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region can be expressed as: α×ΔV_Q+β×ΔV_t.

[0117] In the aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, the product of the capacity channel weight and the current capacity channel voltage increment is calculated to obtain a first product; and the product of the time channel weight and the current time channel voltage increment is calculated to obtain a second product; the sum of the first and second products is taken as the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region; wherein, the capacity channel weight and the time channel weight are obtained by querying the weight mapping table based on the current charging region. In this method, both the capacity channel weight and the time channel weight are obtained by querying the weight mapping table based on the current charging region. Different weights are adapted according to different charging stages. In the smooth region, the voltage rises steadily, and at this time, both the capacity channel voltage increment and the time channel voltage increment are relatively stable, and cross-validation is performed based on equal weights; in the transition region, the battery electrochemical reaction intensifies, and the time channel voltage increment changes more rapidly, so its weight is increased to enhance real-time performance; in the final steep-rise region, i.e., the end of charging, the battery voltage rises sharply, the current is very small, and the reliability of the capacity channel voltage increment decreases significantly, relying on the more real-time time channel voltage increment. Throughout the charging process, it can make more accurate and reliable voltage increment calculations to achieve more accurate and reliable prediction of remaining battery charging time.

[0118] In one embodiment, the details of determining the current charging region of the battery based on the initial sampled voltage and the derivative of the initial voltage capacity at the current moment are described in detail, including:

[0119] If the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative satisfy the first preset condition, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a flat region.

[0120] If the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative do not meet the first preset condition, but meet the second preset condition, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a steep rise region.

[0121] If the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity derivative do not meet the first and second preset conditions, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a transition region.

[0122] The first preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is less than the second preset voltage threshold, and the initial voltage capacity derivative is less than the first preset capacity derivative threshold.

[0123] The second preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, or the initial voltage capacity differential is greater than the second preset capacity differential threshold; the first preset voltage threshold is greater than the second preset voltage threshold, and the first preset capacity differential threshold is less than the second preset capacity differential threshold.

[0124] It should be noted that both the first preset voltage threshold and the second preset voltage threshold are set based on the battery's historical charging curve.

[0125] In this embodiment, both the first preset voltage threshold and the second preset voltage threshold are determined based on the center value and approximate value of the inflection point range in the battery's historical charging curve. For example, the first preset voltage threshold can be 3.5V, and the second preset voltage threshold can be 3.45V. The first preset capacity differential threshold is 5mV / 0.5%SOC, and the second preset capacity differential threshold is 10mV / 0.5%SOC.

[0126] Figure 6 The flowchart illustrates the process for determining the charging region. After obtaining the initial sampling voltage V_0 and the initial voltage capacity differential dV / dQ, it can be simultaneously determined whether V_0 is less than 3.45V and whether dV / dQ is less than 5mV / 0.5%SOC. If both are less than 3.45V, the current charging region is determined to be a smooth region. If either is not less than 3.5V, it continues to determine whether V_0 is greater than or equal to 3.5V, or whether dV / dQ is greater than 10mV / 0.5%SOC. If yes, the current charging region is determined to be a steep-rise region; otherwise, the current charging region is determined to be a transition region.

[0127] In the aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, if the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage-capacity derivative meet a first preset condition, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a flat region; if the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage-capacity derivative do not meet the first preset condition but meet a second preset condition, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a steep-rising region; if the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage-capacity derivative do not meet the first and second preset conditions, the current charging region of the battery is determined to be a transition region. The first preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is less than a second preset voltage threshold, and the initial voltage-capacity derivative is less than a first preset capacity derivative threshold. The second preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold, or the initial voltage-capacity derivative is greater than the second preset capacity derivative threshold. The first preset voltage threshold is greater than the second preset voltage threshold, and the first preset capacity derivative threshold is less than the second preset capacity derivative threshold. This method constructs a hierarchical judgment rule based on two dimensions: the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity differential. Based on the satisfaction of the first preset condition and the second preset condition, it can accurately divide the battery charging into a smooth region, a steep rise region, and a transition region, thereby accurately determining the current charging region of the battery.

[0128] The above embodiments are all introductions to the calculation process of voltage increment. The following embodiment will explain in detail the prediction of the remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment based on the current and future voltage increments of the battery. Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0129] S401, based on the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region, determine the predicted charging time for the current charging region; and based on the voltage difference and future voltage increment of the battery in the future charging region, determine the predicted charging time for the future charging region.

[0130] The charging region includes a flat region, a transition region, and a steep-rise region, and the current charging region can be any of these regions. The voltage difference corresponding to the flat region is the difference between the voltage point in the flat region and the initial sampled voltage of the battery; the voltage difference corresponding to the transition region is the difference between the voltage point in the transition region and the voltage point in the flat region; the voltage difference corresponding to the steep-rise region is the difference between the voltage point in the steep-rise region and the voltage point in the transition region. For example, if the voltage point in the flat region is 3.45V, and the initial sampled voltage of the battery can be represented as V_0, then the voltage difference corresponding to the flat region can be represented as ΔV1 = V_a - V_0. If the voltage point in the transition region is 3.5V, the voltage difference corresponding to the transition region can be represented as ΔV2 = V_b - V_a. The voltage point in the steep-rise region is the fully charged voltage point, and the voltage difference corresponding to the steep-rise region can be represented as ΔV3 = V_c - V_b.

[0131] See also Figure 3 The trend graph shows the initial sampling voltage V_0, the voltage point V_a in the flat region, the voltage difference ΔV1 corresponding to the flat region, the voltage point V_b in the transition region, the voltage difference ΔV2 corresponding to the transition region, the voltage point V_c in the steep rise region, and the voltage difference ΔV3 corresponding to the steep rise region.

[0132] In this embodiment, the battery management system can calculate the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region according to the charging time prediction formula to obtain the charging time prediction result for the current charging region. Simultaneously, it can also calculate the voltage difference and future voltage increment of the battery in any future charging region according to the charging time prediction formula to obtain the charging time prediction result for the future charging region.

[0133] Alternatively, the battery management system can input the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region into a preset time prediction model. Through analysis by the time prediction model, the predicted charging time for the current charging region can be determined. Furthermore, the voltage difference and future voltage increment of the battery in any future charging region can be input into a preset time prediction model. Through analysis by the time prediction model, the predicted charging time for the future charging region can be determined.

[0134] In one embodiment, the detailed content of determining the predicted charging time for the current charging region based on the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region includes:

[0135] Calculate the ratio of the voltage difference corresponding to the current charging region to the current voltage increment, and use the product of the current voltage ratio and the current time increment parameter corresponding to the current charging region as the predicted charging time for the current charging region.

[0136] In this embodiment of the application, the charging time prediction formula ΔT can be expressed as:

[0137] ΔT = ΔV / ΔV_value × Δt

[0138] ΔV_value=α×ΔV_Q+β×ΔV_t=α×dV / dQ×ΔQ+β×dv / dt×Δt

[0139] Where ΔV is the voltage difference corresponding to the charging region; α represents the capacity channel weight; ΔV_Q is the current capacity channel voltage increment; β represents the time channel weight; ΔV_t is the current time channel voltage increment; dV / dQ represents the voltage-capacity differential; ΔQ represents the capacity increment parameter value; dv / dt represents the voltage-time differential; and Δt represents the time increment parameter value.

[0140] The battery management system can substitute the voltage difference, current voltage increment, and current time increment into the above formula to obtain the predicted charging time for the current charging area.

[0141] For example, assuming the current charging region is a flat region, the predicted charging time ΔT1 corresponding to the flat region can be expressed as: ΔV1 / ΔV_value1×Δt, where ΔV_value1 is the current voltage increment corresponding to the flat region.

[0142] Assuming the current charging region is a transition region, the predicted charging time ΔT2 corresponding to the transition region can be expressed as: ΔV2 / ΔV_value2×Δt, where ΔV_value2 is the current voltage increment corresponding to the transition region.

[0143] Assuming the current charging region is a steep rise region, the predicted charging time ΔT3 corresponding to the steep rise region can be expressed as: ΔV3 / ΔV_value3×Δt, where ΔV_value3 is the current voltage increment corresponding to the steep rise region.

[0144] Similarly, it can be understood that for any future charging region, the ratio of the voltage difference corresponding to the battery in the future charging region to the future voltage increment is calculated, and the product of the future voltage ratio and the future time increment parameter corresponding to the future charging region is used as the predicted charging time for the future charging region.

[0145] S402, the sum of the predicted charging time for the current charging area and the predicted charging time for the future charging area is used as the predicted remaining charging time for the battery at the current moment.

[0146] In this embodiment of the application, after obtaining the predicted charging time for the current charging area and the predicted charging time for the future charging area, the battery management system can add the two together and use the sum as the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment.

[0147] For example, when the current charging area is a flat area, the predicted remaining charging time ΔT at the current moment can be expressed as: ΔT1+ΔT2+ΔT3.

[0148] When the current charging region is a transition region, the predicted remaining charging time ΔT at the current moment can be expressed as: ΔT2+ΔT3.

[0149] When the current charging region is a steep increase region, the predicted remaining charging time ΔT at the current moment can be expressed as: ΔT3. At this time, there is no future charging region, and the predicted charging time for the corresponding future charging region is zero.

[0150] The aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery determines the predicted charging time for the current charging region based on the voltage difference and current voltage increment. It also determines the predicted charging time for the future charging region based on the voltage difference and future voltage increment. The sum of the predicted charging time for the current and future charging regions is then used as the predicted remaining charging time for the battery at the current moment. This method, by predicting charging time by region, accurately matches the voltage change patterns of each region, thus obtaining the predicted charging time for each region precisely. Adding the predictions from different regions further enhances the accuracy of the final predicted remaining charging time.

[0151] In the process of predicting the remaining charging time, there may be situations where the charging region of the battery at the previous moment is different from the charging region of the battery at the current moment. To address this, it is necessary to update the initial voltage-capacity derivative and the initial voltage-time derivative, and then perform the prediction based on the updated initial voltage-capacity derivative and the initial voltage-time derivative. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the above update process is explained, and the method also includes:

[0152] S501, if the charging region at the previous moment is different from the charging region at the current moment, determine the capacity acceleration factor and time acceleration factor of the battery at the current moment according to the charging region at the previous moment and the charging region at the current moment.

[0153] The capacity acceleration factor characterizes the degree of acceleration contribution of a unit capacity increment to the battery voltage increment. The time acceleration factor characterizes the degree of acceleration contribution of a unit time increment to the battery voltage increment.

[0154] During the remaining duration prediction process, when it is determined that the charging region at the current moment is different from the charging region at the previous moment, the battery management system can look up the battery's capacity acceleration factor and time acceleration factor at the current moment by looking up tables according to the charging region at the previous moment and the charging region at the current moment. Table 3 is the capacity acceleration factor table for cross-regions, and Table 4 is the time acceleration factor table for cross-regions.

[0155] Table 3

[0156]

[0157] Table 4

[0158]

[0159] S502, the product of the battery's voltage-capacity parameter at the previous moment and the capacity acceleration factor is used as the battery's initial voltage-capacity differential at the current moment; and the product of the battery's voltage-time parameter at the previous moment and the time acceleration factor is used as the battery's initial voltage-time differential at the current moment.

[0160] In this embodiment, after obtaining the capacity acceleration factor, the battery management system can calculate the product of the battery's voltage-capacity parameters at the previous moment and the capacity acceleration factor, and use the product as the initial voltage-capacity differential of the battery at the current moment. The initial voltage-capacity differential dV / dQ_n of the battery at the current moment can be expressed as:

[0161] dV / dQ_n=dV / dQ_n-1×k_Q

[0162] Similarly, after obtaining the time acceleration factor, the battery management system can calculate the product of the battery's voltage-time parameters at the previous moment and the time acceleration factor, and use this product as the battery's initial voltage-time derivative at the current moment. The battery's initial voltage-time derivative dv / dt_n at the current moment can be expressed as:

[0163] dv / dt_n=dV / dt_n-1×k_t

[0164] In the aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, when the charging region at the previous moment differs from the current moment, the capacity acceleration factor and time acceleration factor of the battery at the current moment are determined according to the charging region at the previous moment and the charging region at the current moment. The product of the battery's voltage-capacity parameter at the previous moment and the capacity acceleration factor is used as the initial voltage-capacity differential of the battery at the current moment; and the product of the battery's voltage-time parameter at the previous moment and the time acceleration factor is used as the initial voltage-time differential of the battery at the current moment. This method, by determining the capacity acceleration factor and time acceleration factor specifically based on the characteristic differences between the two charging regions when the charging region switches between the previous and current moments, and then using the capacity acceleration factor to correct the voltage-capacity parameter, and using the time acceleration factor to correct the voltage-time parameter, ensures the continuity and accuracy of the initial differential parameters after crossing regions.

[0165] For example, assume the initial sampling voltage V_0 = 3.4V, the voltage point in the transition region V_a = 3.45V, the voltage point in the steep rise region V_b = 3.5V, the full charge voltage point V_c = 3.65V, the initial voltage capacity differential dV / dQ = 2mV / 0.5%SOC, the initial voltage time differential dv / dt = 0.2mV / s, the capacity channel weight α takes values ​​of 0.5, 0.2, and 0 in the three regions (smooth region, transition region, steep rise region), the time channel weight β takes values ​​of 0.5, 0.8, and 1 in the three regions, the time increment parameter value Δt takes values ​​of 10s, 5s, and 1s in the three regions, and the capacity increment parameter value ΔQ takes a uniform value of 1 in the three regions.

[0166] The current voltage increment ΔV_value1 in the smooth region can be expressed as:

[0167] ΔV_value1=α×ΔV_Q1+β×ΔV_t1

[0168] =α×dV / dQ×ΔQ+β×dv / dt×Δt

[0169] =0.5×2×1+0.5×0.2×10=2mV

[0170] The predicted charging time ΔT1 for the flat region can be expressed as:

[0171] ΔT1=ΔV1 / ΔV_value1×Δt=50 / 2×10=250s

[0172] The current voltage increment ΔV_value2 in the transition region can be expressed as:

[0173] ΔV_value2=α×ΔV_Q2+β×ΔV_t2

[0174] =α×ΔV_Q1×k_Q1+β×ΔV_t1×k_t1

[0175] =α×dV / dQ×ΔQ×k_Q1+β×dv / dt×Δt×k_t1

[0176] =0.2×2×1×2+0.8×0.2×5×3=0.8+2.4=3.2mV

[0177] The predicted charging time ΔT2 for the transition region can be expressed as:

[0178] ΔT2=ΔV2 / ΔV_value2×Δt=50 / 3.2×5≈78s

[0179] The current voltage increment ΔV_value3 in the steep rise region can be expressed as:

[0180] ΔV_value3=α×ΔV_Q3+β×ΔV_t3

[0181] =α×ΔV_Q1×k_Q1×k_Q2+β×ΔV_t1×k_t1×k_t2

[0182] =α×dV / dQ×ΔQ×k_Q1×k_Q2+β×dv / dt×Δt×k_t1×k_t2

[0183] =1×0.2×1×3×4=2.4mV

[0184] The predicted charging time ΔT3 for the steep rise region can be expressed as:

[0185] ΔT3=ΔV3 / ΔV_value3×Δt=50 / 2.4mv≈21s

[0186] The predicted remaining charging time ΔT of the battery at the current moment can be expressed as:

[0187] ΔT=ΔT1+ΔT2+ΔT3=250+78+21=349s

[0188] The above embodiments provide a detailed description of the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the prediction results, verification can be performed during the prediction process based on the difference between the predicted voltage and the actual voltage. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the verification process is explained in detail. This method also includes:

[0189] S601, based on the historical voltage increment of the battery in any charging region, obtains the predicted voltage parameters of the battery at multiple historical prediction times.

[0190] In this embodiment, for any historical prediction time, the battery management system can calculate the sum of the actual voltage measurement value at the previous time and the voltage increment at the previous time, and use the summation result as the prediction voltage parameter corresponding to the historical prediction time. The prediction voltage parameter Vn-i corresponding to the historical prediction time can be expressed as Vn-i = Vn_i-1 + ΔV_value_n_i-1. Wherein, Vn_i-1 is the actual voltage measurement value at the previous time, and ΔV_value_n_i-1 is the voltage increment at the previous time.

[0191] S602, calculate the voltage parameter difference between the predicted voltage parameter and the actual voltage parameter at each historical prediction time.

[0192] In this embodiment, for any historical prediction time, the battery management system can collect the actual voltage parameter corresponding to that historical prediction time through sensors, and calculate the difference between the predicted voltage parameter and the actual voltage parameter. This difference is used as the voltage parameter difference at that historical prediction time. The voltage parameter difference error can be expressed as error = Vn_i - Vr_i. Here, Vn_i represents the predicted voltage parameter corresponding to the historical prediction time, and Vr_i represents the actual voltage parameter corresponding to the historical prediction time. If the voltage parameter difference error is positive, it indicates that the predicted voltage parameter is greater than the actual voltage parameter; if the voltage parameter difference error is negative, it indicates that the predicted voltage parameter is less than the actual voltage parameter.

[0193] S603, if the number of consecutive times the voltage parameter difference is greater than or equal to the preset difference exceeds the preset number threshold, then calculate the battery voltage parameter deviation rate according to the parameter deviation relationship corresponding to different charging areas.

[0194] The preset difference and preset number threshold can both be determined based on historical experience. For example, the preset difference can be 0.005V and the preset number threshold can be 5 times.

[0195] In this embodiment, if the voltage parameter difference is greater than or equal to 0.005V, a deviation is counted; if the voltage parameter difference is less than 0.005V, it is ignored. The battery management system can count the number of consecutive deviations. If a deviation exists for five consecutive times, then the deviation needs to be corrected. At this time, the battery management system can determine the voltage parameter deviation rate of the battery in different regions according to the parameter deviation relationship corresponding to different charging regions.

[0196] Specifically, for the smooth region, the voltage parameter deviation rate k1 can be expressed as: k1 = (Vr_1 - V_0) / (Vn_1 - V_0), where Vr_1 represents the actual voltage parameter of the smooth region and Vn_1 represents the predicted voltage parameter of the smooth region.

[0197] For the transition region, the voltage parameter deviation rate k2 can be expressed as: k2 = (Vr_2 - V_a) / (Vn_2 - V_a), where Vr_2 represents the actual voltage parameter of the transition region and Vn_2 represents the predicted voltage parameter of the transition region.

[0198] For the steep rise region, the voltage parameter deviation rate k3 can be expressed as: k3 = (Vr_3 - V_b) / (Vn_3 - V_b), where Vr_3 represents the actual voltage parameter of the steep rise region and Vn_3 represents the predicted voltage parameter of the steep rise region.

[0199] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3In this context, k1 represents the voltage parameter deviation rate in the smooth region, k2 represents the voltage parameter deviation rate in the transition region, and k3 represents the voltage parameter deviation rate in the steep rise region.

[0200] When k is greater than 1, it means that the predicted voltage parameter is less than the actual voltage parameter; if k is less than 1, it means that the predicted voltage parameter is greater than the actual voltage parameter.

[0201] S604, according to the battery's voltage parameter deviation rate, corrects the battery's initial voltage capacity derivative and initial voltage time derivative at the current moment, and uses the corrected initial voltage capacity derivative as the initial voltage capacity derivative at the next moment, and uses the corrected initial voltage time derivative as the initial voltage time derivative at the next moment.

[0202] In this embodiment, the calibration process for the initial voltage capacity derivative can be expressed as follows:

[0203] (dV / dQ)_calibration=dV / dQ×k_Q×k

[0204] The calibration process for the initial voltage-time derivative can be expressed as:

[0205] (dv / dt)_calibration=dv / dt×k_t×k

[0206] The battery management system can correct the initial voltage-capacity derivative and the initial voltage-time derivative at the current moment according to the above calibration formula, and obtain the initial voltage-capacity derivative and the initial voltage derivative at the next moment.

[0207] In the aforementioned method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, based on the historical voltage increment of the battery in any charging region, the predicted voltage parameters corresponding to multiple historical prediction times are obtained. The voltage parameter difference between the predicted voltage parameter and the actual voltage parameter at each historical prediction time is calculated. If the number of consecutive times the voltage parameter difference is greater than or equal to a preset difference exceeds a preset threshold, the battery's voltage parameter deviation rate is calculated according to the parameter deviation relationship corresponding to different charging regions. Based on the battery's voltage parameter deviation rate, the initial voltage capacity derivative and initial voltage time derivative of the battery at the current time are corrected, and the corrected initial voltage capacity derivative is used as the initial voltage capacity derivative for the next time moment, and the corrected initial voltage time derivative is used as the initial voltage time derivative for the next time moment. This method compares the difference between the predicted voltage parameters and the actual voltage parameters, and, when the number of differences is large, uses the deviation rate of different charging regions to correct the initial voltage capacity derivative and initial voltage time derivative, making the predicted value continuously approach the true value, thereby avoiding error accumulation and ensuring the accuracy of long-term predictions.

[0208] In a detailed embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the method for predicting the remaining charging time of the battery includes:

[0209] S701 determines the current charging region of the battery based on the battery's initial sampled voltage and the derivative of the initial voltage capacity at the current moment;

[0210] S702, the product of the current capacity increment parameter value and the initial voltage-capacity differential of the battery is used as the current capacity channel voltage increment; and the product of the current time increment parameter value and the initial voltage-time differential of the battery is used as the current time channel voltage increment.

[0211] S703, calculate the product of the capacity channel weight and the current capacity channel voltage increment to obtain the first product; and calculate the product of the time channel weight and the current time channel voltage increment to obtain the second product;

[0212] S704, the sum of the first product and the second product is used as the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region;

[0213] S705, the product of the future capacity increment parameter value and the initial voltage-capacity differential of the battery is used as the future capacity channel voltage increment; and the product of the future time increment parameter value and the initial voltage-time differential of the battery is used as the future time channel voltage increment.

[0214] S706, calculate the product of the capacity channel weight and the future capacity channel voltage increment to obtain the third product; and calculate the product of the time channel weight and the future time channel voltage increment to obtain the fourth product;

[0215] S707 uses the sum of the third and fourth products as the future voltage increment of the battery in the future charging region.

[0216] S708, based on the voltage difference and current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region, determine the predicted charging time for the current charging region; and based on the voltage difference and future voltage increment of the battery in the future charging region, determine the predicted charging time for the future charging region.

[0217] S709, the sum of the predicted charging time for the current charging area and the predicted charging time for the future charging area is used as the predicted remaining charging time for the battery at the current moment.

[0218] Figure 11The flowchart illustrates the method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery. After initializing the parameters, multiple charging regions of the battery (including a current charging region and a future charging region) are determined. The time increment parameter value corresponding to each charging region is obtained, and then the time channel voltage increment corresponding to each charging region is calculated. Simultaneously, after obtaining the capacity increment parameter value, the capacity channel voltage increment corresponding to each charging region is calculated. The voltage increments of the two channels in each charging region are then fused to obtain the voltage increment corresponding to each charging region. It is then determined whether a feedback cycle has been reached (i.e., whether the number of consecutive times the voltage parameter difference is greater than or equal to a preset difference exceeds a preset threshold). If it has, the initial voltage-capacity derivative and the initial voltage-time derivative are calibrated, i.e., the initialization parameters are partially updated, and the above steps are repeated. If the feedback cycle has not been reached, the predicted remaining charging time of the battery at the current moment is calculated.

[0219] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0220] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0221] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the remaining charging time of a battery, characterized in that, The method comprises: determining a current charging region of the battery according to an initial sampling voltage and an initial voltage capacity differential of the battery at a current time; the current time is any time after the battery enters a charging state; obtaining a plurality of first voltage increment associated parameter values of the battery in the current charging region, and calculating a current voltage increment of the battery according to the plurality of first voltage increment associated parameter values; and obtaining a plurality of second voltage increment associated parameter values of the battery in a future charging region after the current time, and calculating a future voltage increment of the battery according to the plurality of second voltage increment associated parameter values; determining a remaining charging duration prediction result of the battery at the current time based on the current voltage increment and the future voltage increment of the battery.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of first voltage increment associated parameter values of the battery in the current charging region comprises a current capacity increment parameter value and a current time increment parameter value; The calculation of the current voltage increment of the battery according to the plurality of first voltage increment associated parameter values comprises: calculating a current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value; and calculating a current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value; fusing the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment to determine the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The calculation of the current capacity channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current capacity increment parameter value; and the calculation of the current time channel voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region based on the current time increment parameter value comprises: taking a product of the current capacity increment parameter value and an initial voltage capacity differential of the battery as the current capacity channel voltage increment; and taking a product of the current time increment parameter value and an initial voltage time differential of the battery as the current time channel voltage increment. The acquisition method of the current time increment parameter value comprises: in a case where the initial sampling voltage is less than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold, correcting an initial time increment parameter value of the battery based on a time increment correction value, and taking the corrected initial time increment parameter value as the current time increment parameter value; wherein the initial time increment parameter value is determined based on a charging current of the battery at the current time; and the time increment correction value is determined based on the charging current of the battery at the current time and the current charging region of the battery; 4. The method of claim 2, wherein, in a case where the initial sampling voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, taking a preset time increment parameter value as the current time increment parameter value. The fusion of the current capacity channel voltage increment and the current time channel voltage increment to determine the current voltage increment of the battery in the current charging region comprises: calculating a product of a capacity channel weight and the current capacity channel voltage increment to obtain a first product; and calculating a product of a time channel weight and the current time channel voltage increment to obtain a second product; 5. The method according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, ​ ​ a sum of the first product and the second product as a current voltage increment of the battery at a current charging region; wherein the capacity channel weight and the time channel weight are obtained based on the current charging region in a weight mapping table.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, determining, according to an initial sampling voltage and an initial voltage capacity differential of the battery at a current time, a current charging region where the battery is located, comprising: in a case where the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity differential satisfy a first preset condition, determining that the current charging region where the battery is located is a gentle region; in a case where the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity differential do not satisfy the first preset condition and satisfy a second preset condition, determining that the current charging region where the battery is located is a steep rising region; in a case where the initial sampling voltage and the initial voltage capacity differential do not satisfy the first preset condition and the second preset condition, determining that the current charging region where the battery is located is a transition region; wherein the first preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is less than a second preset voltage threshold and the initial voltage capacity differential is less than a first preset capacity differential threshold; the second preset condition is that the initial sampling voltage is greater than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold or the initial voltage capacity differential is greater than a second preset capacity differential threshold; the first preset voltage threshold is greater than the second preset voltage threshold, and the first preset capacity differential threshold is less than the second preset capacity differential threshold.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, determining, based on the current voltage increment and a future voltage increment of the battery, a remaining charging duration prediction result of the battery at the current time, comprising: determining, based on a voltage pressure difference corresponding to the current charging region of the battery and the current voltage increment, a charging duration prediction result corresponding to the current charging region; and determining, based on a voltage pressure difference corresponding to a future charging region of the battery and the future voltage increment, a charging duration prediction result corresponding to the future charging region; taking a sum of the charging duration prediction result corresponding to the current charging region and the charging duration prediction result corresponding to the future charging region as the remaining charging duration prediction result of the battery at the current time.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, determining, based on the voltage pressure difference corresponding to the current charging region of the battery and the current voltage increment, the charging duration prediction result corresponding to the current charging region, comprising: calculating a current voltage ratio of the voltage pressure difference corresponding to the current charging region and the current voltage increment, and taking a product of the current voltage ratio and a current time increment parameter corresponding to the current charging region as the charging duration prediction result corresponding to the current charging region.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, the charging region comprises a gentle region, a transition region and a steep rising region, wherein: the voltage pressure difference corresponding to the gentle region is a difference between a gentle region voltage point and the initial sampling voltage of the battery; the voltage pressure difference corresponding to the transition region is a difference between a transition region voltage point and the gentle region voltage point; and the voltage pressure difference corresponding to the steep rising region is a difference between a steep rising region voltage point and the transition region voltage point.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the method further comprises: In a case that the charging region at the last time is different from the charging region at the current time, a capacity acceleration factor and a time acceleration factor of the battery at the current time are determined according to the charging region at the last time and the charging region at the current time; a product of the voltage capacity parameter of the battery at the last time and the capacity acceleration factor is taken as an initial voltage capacity differential of the battery at the current time, and a product of the voltage time parameter of the battery at the last time and the time acceleration factor is taken as an initial voltage time differential of the battery at the current time.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method further comprises: obtaining predicted voltage parameters corresponding to a plurality of historical prediction times of the battery based on historical voltage increments of the battery at any charging region; calculating voltage parameter differences between the predicted voltage parameters and actual voltage parameters at each historical prediction time; if a continuous number of times that the voltage parameter differences are greater than or equal to a preset difference value is greater than a preset number threshold, calculating a voltage parameter deviation rate of the battery according to a parameter deviation relationship corresponding to different charging regions; correcting the initial voltage capacity differential and the initial voltage time differential of the battery at the current time according to the voltage parameter deviation rate of the battery, taking the corrected initial voltage capacity differential as an initial voltage capacity differential at a next time, and taking the corrected initial voltage time differential as an initial voltage time differential at the next time.

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