Bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system and looped network fault self-healing communication method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering structure safety monitoring and Internet of Things communication, in particular to a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system and a looped network fault self-healing communication method. The system comprises a sensing acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer and a monitoring application layer, wherein the sensing acquisition layer comprises a plurality of data acquisition nodes which are deployed at key parts of a bridge and a tunnel in a distributed manner and is used for acquiring physical response data; according to the ring network communication layer, data acquisition nodes are connected in series through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, and each data acquisition node is provided with double communication ports and is connected with adjacent network equipment; the ring network communication layer operates an intelligent route switching mechanism, and can control nodes to switch a route path when a fault occurs. Through the three-level architecture, the physical closed-loop topology, the double communication ports and the intelligent route switching mechanism, the single-point fault hidden danger of a traditional communication architecture is solved from the source, and the system communication reliability and the data transmission continuity are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering structural safety monitoring and Internet of Things communication technology, and in particular to a bridge and tunnel structural health monitoring system and a ring network fault self-healing communication method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of transportation infrastructure, bridge and tunnel structures are prone to accumulated structural damage during long-term service due to multiple factors such as vehicle loads, environmental erosion, material aging, and natural disasters, directly threatening operational safety. To ensure the safe and stable operation of bridge and tunnel structures, structural health monitoring systems have emerged. These systems deploy various sensors (such as accelerometers, strain gauges, and displacement gauges) at key locations in bridges and tunnels to collect real-time structural physical response data. This data is then transmitted via communication networks to a monitoring center for analysis and evaluation, providing data support for structural safety early warning and operational maintenance decisions. However, the existing communication architecture of bridge and tunnel health monitoring systems still has significant technical deficiencies, making it difficult to meet the high-reliability monitoring requirements in complex environments.

[0003] In existing technologies, bridge and tunnel health monitoring systems mostly adopt star or chain communication network topologies (such as the bridge online health monitoring system disclosed in document CN109781178A, which adopts an architecture combining chain extension and star aggregation of "monitoring node-aggregation unit-data center"). Such topologies have inherent reliability shortcomings: star networks are highly dependent on the central aggregation node, and once the central node fails, the data transmission of all downstream monitoring nodes will be completely paralyzed; chain networks face the cascading effects of "single point failure," where the failure of any node or communication line in the link will lead to the interruption of communication between subsequent nodes and the monitoring center. At the same time, bridge and tunnel structures generally have the characteristics of large spatial spans and harsh service environments. Factors such as lightning strikes, vibrations, humidity, and electromagnetic interference can easily cause communication link or node failures, and traditional topologies lack effective redundancy backups and self-healing mechanisms, making it impossible to quickly restore communication, resulting in the loss or interruption of monitoring data, which seriously affects the continuity and effectiveness of the monitoring system. Furthermore, although the CN109781178A system optimizes data transmission efficiency through time-sharing upload and data compression, it does not solve the core communication architecture reliability problem. Its communication link, which relies on routers and switches, is still a linear transmission path. Once a link fails, data upload will be directly blocked. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system and a ring network fault self-healing communication method. The purpose is to solve the problem that traditional bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring systems using star or chain communication topologies have single-point fault risks, which make communication easy to be interrupted and monitoring data difficult to transmit continuously and reliably.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the following technical solution is adopted.

[0006] A bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system includes a sensor acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer, and a monitoring application layer; The sensing and acquisition layer includes multiple distributed data acquisition nodes deployed at key parts of the bridge and tunnel structure. The data acquisition nodes are used to collect physical response data of the bridge and tunnel structure. The ring network communication layer is formed by connecting multiple data acquisition nodes sequentially through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology. The monitoring application layer includes a system monitoring center; each data acquisition node is configured with a first communication port and a second communication port, which are used to connect the data acquisition node to two different adjacent network devices in the physical closed-loop topology; the ring network communication layer is configured to run an intelligent routing switching mechanism, which is used to control the multiple data acquisition nodes to switch the routing path on which data transmission is based when a fault is detected in the physical closed-loop topology.

[0007] Optionally, the ring network communication layer is a wired communication ring network based on industrial Ethernet technology; the communication medium of the wired communication ring network is optical fiber or shielded twisted pair cable; the intelligent routing switching mechanism is implemented through a ring network redundancy protocol, which is one of the following: rapid spanning tree protocol, media redundancy protocol, or dedicated industrial ring network protocol.

[0008] Optionally, the data acquisition node includes a microprocessor module, a data acquisition module, and a dual-port communication module; The data acquisition module is connected to the microprocessor module and is used to access and acquire the output signals of the sensors installed on the bridge and tunnel structure. The dual-port communication module is connected to the microprocessor module and is used to provide two independent physical network interfaces, the first communication port and the second communication port. The microprocessor module is configured to process the data acquired by the data acquisition module and send and receive data through the dual-port communication module according to the routing path determined by the intelligent routing switching mechanism.

[0009] Optionally, it also includes a data aggregation center; the data aggregation center is connected to the ring network communication layer as a logical node, and together with the multiple data acquisition nodes, it forms the physical closed-loop topology; the data aggregation center includes a ring network management module, which is used to maintain the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and collect the operating status information of the multiple data acquisition nodes.

[0010] Optionally, the system monitoring center includes a network topology visualization unit and a fault alarm unit; the network topology visualization unit is communicatively connected to the data aggregation center and is used to receive and display the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and the operating status information of the multiple data acquisition nodes; the fault alarm unit is configured to trigger an alarm operation and record the fault event when it receives fault information from the ring network communication layer.

[0011] A fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network is applied to the ring network communication layer, which includes multiple data acquisition nodes. The multiple data acquisition nodes are connected in series via communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, and each data acquisition node has a first communication port and a second communication port. The method includes the following steps: S1. Each node in the ring network communication layer periodically sends link detection messages to neighboring nodes through the first communication port and the second communication port, and listens for link detection messages from neighboring nodes to maintain link connectivity information. S2. When the first node does not receive a link detection message from the second node through the target communication port within M consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link between the first node and the second node has failed, and generates a fault notification message containing the identifier of the first node and the identifier of the second node, where M is an integer greater than 1. S3. The first node broadcasts the fault notification message to the ring network communication layer. After receiving the fault notification message, the other nodes in the ring network communication layer, excluding the first node, update their local routing tables according to the fault notification message and mark the target communication link as unavailable. S4. After the routing table is updated, data packets in the ring network communication layer that need to be transmitted through the target communication link are forwarded by the source node or intermediate node according to the updated routing table by selecting an alternative path to bypass the target communication link.

[0012] Optionally, after step S4, the following steps are also included: S5. During the duration of the fault, the first node continues to periodically send link detection messages through the target communication port; S6. When the first node receives a link detection message from the second node again through the target communication port within N consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link has been restored and generates a link restoration announcement message to broadcast to the ring network communication layer, where N is an integer greater than 1. S7. After receiving the link recovery notification message, the nodes in the ring network communication layer update their local routing tables, restore the target communication link to an available state, and converge the data flow forwarding path to the optimal path according to the updated routing table.

[0013] Optionally, in step S3, the total time for all nodes in the ring network communication layer to complete the routing table update is less than 100 milliseconds; in step S4, the forwarding of the data packet is completed at the link layer or network layer without interrupting the transport layer connection to which the data packet belongs.

[0014] Optionally, an initialization step may be included before step S1: After the nodes in the ring network communication layer are powered on, they learn and establish a table of neighboring node relationships by exchanging link layer discovery protocol messages or custom topology discovery messages. The node reports the adjacent node relationship table to the data aggregation center; The data aggregation center constructs a complete ring network logical topology based on the adjacent node relationship table reported by all nodes and distributes it to each node for storage, serving as the initial basis for the routing table.

[0015] Optionally, step S3 further includes: after receiving the fault notification message, the data aggregation center pushes the fault notification message to the system monitoring center; the system monitoring center identifies the target communication link as abnormal in the displayed network topology diagram according to the first node identifier and the second node identifier in the fault notification message, and triggers the fault alarm operation.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application employs a three-tiered architecture design—a sensor acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer, and a monitoring application layer—combining a physical closed-loop topology, dual communication port configuration for data acquisition nodes, and an intelligent routing switching mechanism. This fundamentally solves the single-point-of-failure vulnerability inherent in traditional communication architectures, significantly improving the communication reliability and data transmission continuity of the bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system. The collaborative design of the physical closed-loop topology and dual communication ports constructs a bidirectional redundant transmission path. When any node or communication link in the ring network fails, the intelligent routing switching mechanism can quickly detect the fault and automatically switch the routing path, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission. This effectively guarantees the integrity and real-time nature of the monitoring data, meeting the core requirement of communication stability for bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring.

[0017] The wired communication ring network based on industrial Ethernet technology, using fiber optic or shielded twisted-pair cables as the communication medium, possesses strong anti-interference capabilities and signal transmission stability. It is suitable for long-distance, harsh environments (such as lightning strikes, vibration, humidity, and electromagnetic interference) in bridge and tunnel structures, further ensuring data transmission quality. Data acquisition nodes, through the collaborative work of microprocessor modules, data acquisition modules, and dual-port communication modules, achieve efficient acquisition, processing, and transmission of sensor data, ensuring seamless data transitions during route switching. The data aggregation center, as a logical node of the ring network, centrally maintains topology information and node operating status through the ring network management module, providing strong support for the stable operation of the ring network. The network topology visualization unit and fault alarm unit in the system monitoring center can present the ring network status in real time, quickly locate fault points and trigger alarms when faults occur, significantly reducing maintenance difficulty and response time. The fault self-healing communication method achieves millisecond-level fault switching and system convergence through periodic link detection, rapid fault notification, synchronous update of routing tables, and path convergence after link recovery, without interrupting the transport layer connection and ensuring the continuity of data flow. The automatic topology discovery and synchronization mechanism in the system initialization phase simplifies the deployment process, improves the system's expansion flexibility, and allows newly added monitoring points to be directly connected to any location in the ring network, effectively adapting to the dynamic changes in bridge and tunnel structure monitoring needs, while reducing the cost of system deployment and subsequent expansion. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture topology of a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a data acquisition node in a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control flow of an embodiment of the fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the data flow of the ring network under normal conditions, representing an embodiment of the fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the data flow of the ring network under fault conditions, representing an embodiment of the fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0024] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system includes a sensor acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer, and a monitoring application layer. Each layer works together to realize the acquisition, transmission, analysis, and system status monitoring of the physical response data of the bridge and tunnel structure, comprehensively ensuring the continuous and reliable transmission of monitoring data and the stable operation of the system.

[0027] The core of the sensing and acquisition layer consists of multiple distributed data acquisition nodes, precisely positioned at critical locations within the bridge and tunnel structure. For bridge structures, nodes are primarily located at key stress-bearing areas such as the mid-span of the main girder, girder ends, pier tops, and support areas. For tunnel structures, nodes are deployed at locations prone to damage accumulation, such as the arch crown, the middle of the sidewalls, areas of concentrated stress in the foundation slab, and both sides of expansion joints. Each data acquisition node is connected to various types of sensors, including accelerometers, strain gauges, displacement gauges, temperature and humidity sensors, tilt sensors, and crack gauges. These sensors are used to collect physical response data such as vibration acceleration, strain values, settlement displacement, ambient temperature and humidity, structural tilt angle, and crack width, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the overall health status of the bridge and tunnel structure.

[0028] The data acquisition node adopts a modular design, mainly composed of a microprocessor module, a data acquisition module, a dual-port communication module, and a power management module. The microprocessor module uses an ARM Cortex-A series chip, which features high-performance data processing capabilities and low power consumption. It efficiently completes tasks such as receiving, processing, storing, and controlling sensor data, meeting the continuous operation requirements in complex field environments. The data acquisition module uses a multi-channel ADC chip, supporting simultaneous access to 8 to 16 different types of sensors. The sampling rate range can be adjusted according to monitoring needs, achieving high-precision sampling accuracy. It accurately acquires analog or digital signals output by sensors and converts them into data formats that the microprocessor module can recognize and process, ensuring the accuracy of the raw monitoring data. The dual-port communication module uses dual Ethernet PHY chips, providing two independent physical network interfaces: a first communication port and a second communication port. Each port is compatible with industrial Ethernet communication standards, supporting transmission rates of 100Mbps or 1000Mbps. It enables high-speed and stable connections with adjacent network devices in the ring network, providing hardware support for bidirectional data transmission. The power management module includes a power conversion circuit, a voltage regulator circuit, and a backup power interface. The power conversion circuit can convert the externally input 220V AC or 24V DC power into the 3.3V, 5V, or 12V operating voltage required by each module. The voltage regulator circuit uses a high-precision linear voltage regulator chip to ensure that the output voltage ripple coefficient is extremely small, ensuring the stable operation of each module. The backup power interface can be connected to a 12V battery, which automatically switches to backup power supply when the external power supply is interrupted, continuously providing power to the data acquisition nodes and avoiding data loss or node downtime due to power outages.

[0029] The ring network communication layer consists of multiple data acquisition nodes connected in series via communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, constituting the core channel for data transmission. The communication medium for the communication links can be either optical fiber or shielded twisted-pair cable, depending on the actual environment and transmission requirements of the bridge or tunnel. When the bridge or tunnel span is large and electromagnetic interference is severe, optical fiber is preferred as the communication medium. Optical fiber offers advantages such as long transmission distance (single-mode fiber can reach tens of kilometers), strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, and large transmission bandwidth, ensuring data integrity and stability during long-distance transmission. When the bridge or tunnel span is moderate and interference is relatively low, shielded twisted-pair cable can be selected as the communication medium. It is less expensive, easier to install, and has a certain degree of anti-interference capability, meeting the needs of short- to medium-distance data transmission.

[0030] The ring network communication layer supports ring network redundancy protocols, allowing users to choose between Fast Spanning Tree Protocol (FSTP), Media Redundancy Protocol (MDRP), or dedicated industrial ring network protocols based on system real-time requirements and compatibility needs. FTP is a general-purpose ring network redundancy protocol with good compatibility, capable of quickly detecting network topology changes, and typically offering fault recovery times in the tens of milliseconds. It is suitable for scenarios with moderate real-time requirements. MRP is specifically designed for industrial Ethernet and optimized for harsh industrial environments and real-time communication needs. It offers even shorter fault recovery times, meeting millisecond-level real-time communication requirements and ensuring continuous transmission of monitoring data. Dedicated industrial ring network protocols are custom-developed by industrial equipment manufacturers, offering better compatibility with specific hardware devices, stronger environmental adaptability, and communication stability. They are suitable for critical bridge and tunnel monitoring scenarios with extremely high system reliability requirements.

[0031] The ring network communication layer operates an intelligent routing switching mechanism, which is based on the adopted ring network redundancy protocol and can monitor the operating status of each communication link and node in real time. By periodically sending link detection messages, each node can keep track of the connectivity of adjacent links in real time. When a failure is detected in a link or node, the intelligent routing switching mechanism will immediately trigger route recalculation and switch the affected service traffic to the backup path in a very short time, forming a new closed loop, achieving "network continuity even in the event of a broken connection" and ensuring uninterrupted data transmission.

[0032] The monitoring application layer, comprising a data aggregation center and a system monitoring center, is the core of the system's data processing, storage, monitoring, and management. The data aggregation center, as a logical node, connects to the ring network communication layer, forming a physical closed-loop topology with multiple data acquisition nodes. It integrates a ring network management module, a data storage module, and a data forwarding module. The ring network management module employs a high-performance processor and a dedicated network management chip, enabling it to collect real-time topology and operational status information of all data acquisition nodes in the ring network, including node identifiers, port connection status, link transmission rates, and node power supply status. After processing and analyzing this information, it constructs a complete logical topology diagram of the ring network and updates this diagram in real-time to reflect dynamic network changes. Simultaneously, the ring network management module possesses routing management capabilities, allocating the optimal routing path to each data acquisition node based on the ring network's topology and link status. It also promptly updates routing information when the network topology changes (e.g., node failure, link interruption, or recovery), ensuring efficient data transmission.

[0033] The data storage module employs a large-capacity hard disk array or solid-state drive group, possessing massive data storage capabilities. It can store raw monitoring data transmitted from data acquisition nodes, processed analysis data, and system operation logs. The storage module supports partitioned storage and backup functions, creating multiple backups of important monitoring data to prevent data loss. It also features data retrieval capabilities, allowing operators to quickly query and retrieve historical data. The data forwarding module is responsible for forwarding the stored monitoring data to the system monitoring center according to preset rules. Simultaneously, it receives control commands (such as acquisition parameter adjustment commands and node restart commands) from the system monitoring center and forwards them to the corresponding data acquisition nodes, achieving bidirectional transmission of uplink and downlink data.

[0034] The system monitoring center includes a network topology visualization unit and a fault alarm unit, and also possesses data processing and analysis capabilities. The network topology visualization unit establishes a stable communication connection with the data aggregation center via a wired network, receiving real-time logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and operational status information of data acquisition nodes, and displaying this information intuitively through a graphical interface. The visualization interface presents the entire ring network topology in a graphical manner, including the location distribution of all data acquisition nodes and the connection relationships of communication links. Different colors are used to indicate the operational status of nodes and links; for example, normal operation is indicated by green, fault status by red, and sub-health status (such as decreased link transmission rate, unstable node power supply, etc.) by yellow. Operators can clearly and quickly grasp the overall system operation status through the visualization interface.

[0035] The fault alarm unit incorporates an alarm logic processing module and multiple alarm output modules. The alarm logic processing module receives fault information from the ring network communication layer in real time, including fault node identifier, fault link identifier, fault occurrence time, and fault type (e.g., link interruption, node failure, power supply anomaly). It then determines whether to trigger an alarm based on preset alarm rules (e.g., alarm thresholds, alarm level classifications). The alarm output modules support multiple alarm methods, including sound alarms, light alarms, SMS alarms, and email alarms. When a fault occurs, multiple alarm methods can be triggered simultaneously, ensuring operators receive timely alarm notifications. Simultaneously, the fault alarm unit records detailed fault event information in the alarm log, including the time, location, type, and handling status of the fault, facilitating operator querying, tracing, and statistical analysis. The system monitoring center also possesses data processing and analysis capabilities, enabling real-time and offline analysis of received monitoring data. It assesses the health status of bridge and tunnel structures using a preset health assessment model, generating health status reports to provide data support for bridge and tunnel structure operation and maintenance decisions.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of a fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network is implemented based on the aforementioned bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system. It is applicable to a physical closed-loop topology formed by multiple data acquisition nodes connected in series via communication links. This method enables rapid fault detection, automatic switching, and recovery, ensuring the continuity and reliability of data transmission. Specifically, it includes the following steps: The initialization process begins after all data acquisition nodes and the data aggregation center in the ring network communication layer are powered on and start up. Once each node has started, it automatically enables topology discovery, identifying neighboring nodes by exchanging link-layer discovery protocol messages or using custom topology discovery messages. Each node sends a topology discovery message to its first and second communication ports, containing its unique identifier, port number, device model, and other key information. When a neighboring node receives this topology discovery message on its corresponding communication port, it immediately replies with a response message containing its own identifier. Upon receiving the response message, the node that sent the topology discovery message parses the neighboring node identifiers and port connection relationships in the message, establishing a local neighboring node relationship table. This table records information such as the identifiers of neighboring nodes, connected communication ports, and communication link types.

[0038] After each node completes the establishment of its neighbor node relationship table, it reports the table to the data aggregation center through the ring network communication layer. The data aggregation center collects all neighbor node relationship tables reported by all nodes, summarizes, verifies, and analyzes the information in these tables, removes erroneous or conflicting information, and then constructs a complete ring network logical topology. The ring network logical topology clearly reflects the connection relationships and link distribution between all data acquisition nodes and the data aggregation center. The data aggregation center distributes the constructed ring network logical topology information to each node in the ring network. Each node receives the information and stores it in its local storage module as the basis for initializing its local routing table. Based on the ring network logical topology information, combined with its own location and communication port status, each node initializes its local routing table. The routing table records the optimal route to each other node in the ring network, including the next-hop node identifier, the communication port used, the transmission priority, the expected transmission delay, and other information, providing routing guidance for subsequent data transmission.

[0039] After initialization, the ring network enters a stable operating state and executes the link detection step. Each data acquisition node sends link detection messages to its corresponding neighboring nodes through the first and second communication ports according to a preset detection cycle. The link detection message is a lightweight heartbeat packet, short in length, containing only key information such as the sending node identifier, receiving node identifier, and sending timestamp, and will not significantly occupy the ring network's communication bandwidth. The detection cycle can be set according to the needs of the actual application scenario, usually set to send once per second, which ensures real-time monitoring of the link status while avoiding network resource waste caused by excessively frequent sending. While sending link detection messages, each node continuously listens for link detection messages from two neighboring nodes and records the timestamp, sending node identifier, and other information of each received message. By comparing the sending and receiving timestamps, the transmission delay of the link can be preliminarily judged, and the connectivity status and transmission quality of adjacent links can be monitored in real time.

[0040] The next step is fault determination, where each node monitors and judges the status of received link detection messages in real time. An integer M greater than 1 is set as the number of consecutive detection cycles for fault determination. The value of M can be adjusted according to the system's real-time requirements and the stability of the network environment, typically set to 3 cycles to avoid misjudgments caused by accidental factors such as network fluctuations or message loss. If a node (hereinafter referred to as the first node) does not receive a link detection message from its corresponding neighboring node (hereinafter referred to as the second node) through a certain communication port (hereinafter referred to as the target communication port) within M consecutive detection cycles, and also does not receive a fault notification or other abnormal status notification from the second node during this time period, then the first node determines that the target communication link between it and the second node has failed. Fault types may include physical line interruptions (such as fiber optic cable breakage or twisted-pair cable damage), communication port damage (such as port chip failure), and neighboring node downtime (such as node power supply failure or processor failure). After determining the fault, the first node immediately generates a fault notification message. This message contains detailed information such as the first node identifier, the second node identifier, the target communication link identifier, the time of the fault occurrence, and the basis for fault determination (such as the number of consecutive periods without receiving messages), ensuring the completeness and accuracy of the fault information.

[0041] After the fault notification message is generated, the route update step begins. The first node broadcasts the fault notification message to all other nodes in the ring network communication layer through its two communication ports, ensuring that every node in the ring network can obtain fault information in a timely manner. After receiving the fault notification message, the other nodes in the ring network parse the message content, extract the fault-related information, and then update their local routing tables based on this information. They mark the target communication link as unavailable and recalculate the route paths to other nodes in the ring network based on the updated ring network topology. They also update the next-hop node identifier, the communication port used, the transmission path, and other information in the routing table to ensure that the routing table accurately reflects the current network status.

[0042] Upon receiving a fault notification message, the data aggregation center parses the message information, updates its stored ring network logical topology, marks the faulty link and related node fault status in the topology map, and pushes the fault notification message to the system monitoring center. Upon receiving the message, the system monitoring center, based on the first and second node identifiers in the fault notification message, marks the target communication link in an abnormal state on the network topology visualization interface, for example, by highlighting the faulty link with a flashing red light. Simultaneously, it triggers the alarm operation of the fault alarm unit, sending alarm notifications to operators through various means such as sound, light, SMS, and email, reminding them to handle the fault promptly. The total time for all nodes in the entire ring network to complete routing table updates is kept within a short range, ensuring that data transmission can quickly adapt to changes in network topology.

[0043] After the routing table is updated, the path switching step begins. For data packets in the ring network communication layer that need to be transmitted through the target communication link, the source node or intermediate node will query the updated local routing table when forwarding the data packet and automatically select an alternative path to bypass the target communication link. The alternative path is the reverse path in the ring network. For example, a data packet that was originally transmitted in a clockwise direction will automatically switch to a counterclockwise direction after the target communication link fails, thus bypassing the fault point. The data packet forwarding process is completed at the link layer or network layer without interrupting the transport layer connection, ensuring the continuity of data transmission, avoiding data loss or communication interruption due to path switching, and ensuring that monitoring data can be continuously and stably transmitted to the data aggregation center.

[0044] During the fault period, the first node will not stop monitoring the target communication link and will continue to perform fault recovery monitoring steps. The first node continuously sends link detection messages to the second node through the target communication port according to a preset detection cycle to detect in real time whether the target communication link has recovered. An integer N greater than 1 is set as the number of consecutive detection cycles for link recovery determination. The value of N can be adjusted according to actual conditions, but it is usually set to 3 cycles to ensure the accuracy of link recovery determination. When the first node receives a link detection message from the second node again through the target communication port within N consecutive detection cycles, and the sending node identifier, timestamp, and other information in the message are normal, with no data loss or errors, the first node determines that the target communication link has returned to normal.

[0045] After the link is restored, the process proceeds to the recovery announcement and network convergence steps. The first node generates a link recovery announcement message, which includes information such as the first node identifier, the second node identifier, the target communication link identifier, and the link recovery time. This message is broadcast to all nodes in the ring network communication layer through two communication ports. Upon receiving the link recovery announcement message, each node in the ring network parses the message information, updates its local routing table, restores the target communication link from unavailable to available, and recalculates the optimal route to other nodes based on the updated ring network topology. This converges the data flow forwarding path to the optimal path before the failure, ensuring efficient data transmission.

[0046] Upon receiving the link recovery notification message, the data aggregation center updates the ring network logical topology information, clears previously marked fault states, restores the normal status indicators of the target communication link and related nodes, and pushes the link recovery information to the system monitoring center. Upon receiving this information, the system monitoring center restores the normal status indicator of the target communication link in the network topology visualization interface, stops fault alarms, and records detailed information about the link recovery event in the log for easy retrieval by operators. At this point, the ring network has returned to a stable operating state and continues to perform periodic link checks to ensure timely detection of any subsequent potential faults.

[0047] See Figure 4 This illustrates the data flow under normal network conditions. Data sent from node 103 to data aggregation center 20 can be transmitted in a counter-clockwise direction (103→104→...→20) with the shorter path. When the link between nodes 103 and 104 is interrupted (fault point F), nodes 103 and 104 will detect the link failure. They immediately notify the ring network of the fault. Subsequently, the system initiates path switching. Figure 5As shown, data sent from node 103 to center 20 will automatically be transmitted in a clockwise direction (103→102→101→...→20), thus avoiding the fault point and ensuring data reachability. The entire switching process is completed automatically by the ring network protocol without manual intervention, achieving rapid self-healing.

[0048] As is known from common technical knowledge, this invention can be implemented through other embodiments that do not depart from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above are merely illustrative in all respects and are not the only ones. All modifications within the scope of this invention or its equivalents are included in this invention.

Claims

1. A bridge and tunnel structural health monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a sensor acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer, and a monitoring application layer; The sensing and acquisition layer includes multiple distributed data acquisition nodes deployed at key parts of the bridge and tunnel structure. The data acquisition nodes are used to collect physical response data of the bridge and tunnel structure. The ring network communication layer is formed by connecting multiple data acquisition nodes sequentially through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology. The monitoring application layer includes a system monitoring center; each data acquisition node is configured with a first communication port and a second communication port, which are used to connect the data acquisition node to two different adjacent network devices in the physical closed-loop topology; the ring network communication layer is configured to run an intelligent routing switching mechanism, which is used to control the multiple data acquisition nodes to switch the routing path on which data transmission is based when a fault is detected in the physical closed-loop topology.

2. The bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring network communication layer is a wired communication ring network based on industrial Ethernet technology; the communication medium of the wired communication ring network is optical fiber or shielded twisted pair cable; the intelligent routing switching mechanism is implemented through a ring network redundancy protocol, which is one of the following: rapid spanning tree protocol, media redundancy protocol, or dedicated industrial ring network protocol.

3. The bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition node includes a microprocessor module, a data acquisition module, and a dual-port communication module; The data acquisition module is connected to the microprocessor module and is used to access and acquire the output signals of the sensors installed on the bridge and tunnel structure. The dual-port communication module is connected to the microprocessor module and is used to provide two independent physical network interfaces, the first communication port and the second communication port. The microprocessor module is configured to process the data acquired by the data acquisition module and send and receive data through the dual-port communication module according to the routing path determined by the intelligent routing switching mechanism.

4. The bridge and tunnel structural health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a data aggregation center; the data aggregation center is connected to the ring network communication layer as a logical node, and together with the multiple data acquisition nodes, it forms the physical closed-loop topology; the data aggregation center includes a ring network management module, which is used to maintain the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and collect the operating status information of the multiple data acquisition nodes.

5. The bridge and tunnel structural health monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system monitoring center includes a network topology visualization unit and a fault alarm unit; the network topology visualization unit is communicatively connected to the data aggregation center and is used to receive and display the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and the operating status information of the multiple data acquisition nodes. The fault alarm unit is configured to trigger an alarm operation and record the fault event when it receives fault information from the ring network communication layer.

6. A fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network, based on a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-5, applied to a ring network communication layer including multiple data acquisition nodes, wherein the multiple data acquisition nodes are sequentially connected in series through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, and each data acquisition node has a first communication port and a second communication port, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Each node in the ring network communication layer periodically sends link detection messages to neighboring nodes through the first communication port and the second communication port, and listens for link detection messages from neighboring nodes to maintain link connectivity information. S2. When the first node does not receive a link detection message from the second node through the target communication port within M consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link between the first node and the second node has failed, and generates a fault notification message containing the identifier of the first node and the identifier of the second node, where M is an integer greater than 1. S3. The first node broadcasts the fault notification message to the ring network communication layer. After receiving the fault notification message, the other nodes in the ring network communication layer, excluding the first node, update their local routing tables according to the fault notification message and mark the target communication link as unavailable. S4. After the routing table is updated, data packets in the ring network communication layer that need to be transmitted through the target communication link are forwarded by the source node or intermediate node according to the updated routing table by selecting an alternative path to bypass the target communication link.

7. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 6, characterized in that, Following step S4, the following is also included: S5. During the duration of the fault, the first node continues to periodically send link detection messages through the target communication port; S6. When the first node receives a link detection message from the second node again through the target communication port within N consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link has been restored and generates a link restoration announcement message to broadcast to the ring network communication layer, where N is an integer greater than 1. S7. After receiving the link recovery notification message, the nodes in the ring network communication layer update their local routing tables, restore the target communication link to an available state, and converge the data flow forwarding path to the optimal path according to the updated routing table.

8. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the total time for all nodes in the ring network communication layer to complete the routing table update is less than 100 milliseconds; in step S4, the forwarding of the data packet is completed at the link layer or network layer without interrupting the transport layer connection to which the data packet belongs.

9. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before step S1, an initialization step is also included: After the nodes in the ring network communication layer are powered on, they learn and establish a table of neighboring node relationships by exchanging link layer discovery protocol messages or custom topology discovery messages. The node reports the adjacent node relationship table to the data aggregation center; The data aggregation center constructs a complete ring network logical topology based on the adjacent node relationship table reported by all nodes and distributes it to each node for storage, serving as the initial basis for the routing table.

10. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes: after receiving the fault notification message, the data aggregation center pushes the fault notification message to the system monitoring center; the system monitoring center identifies the target communication link as abnormal in the displayed network topology diagram according to the first node identifier and the second node identifier in the fault notification message, and triggers the fault alarm operation.

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