An underwater boulder crusher and dredging and filling method, and a cutter suction dredger

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of water area dredging equipment, in particular to an underwater boulder crusher, a dredging and filling method and a cutter suction dredger, the crusher comprises a shell and two tooth rollers arranged in the shell, the axes of the two tooth rollers are parallel, a plurality of teeth are arranged on the axes of the tooth rollers, one end of the tooth roller is provided with a hydraulic motor located outside the shell, and the tooth roller and the teeth can rotate towards each other under the drive of the hydraulic motor; the crusher is connected to a suction pipe, the inlet end and the outlet end of the crusher are communicated with the suction pipe, and the area of the cross section of the inner cavity of the shell perpendicular to the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the crusher minus the area of the projection of the tooth roller and the teeth on the cross section is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of the suction pipe. When the crusher works underwater, it can not only crush stones but also make the silt, water and crushed stones have sufficient initial flow to continuously suck silt, so that the single pump cycle can be prolonged, frequent pipe blockage can be avoided, and the pump can be stopped for cleaning, so that the efficiency is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water dredging equipment, and particularly to an underwater boulder crusher, a dredging and reclamation method, and a cutter suction dredger. Background Technology

[0002] In port construction projects, dredging operations are typically required in the waters near the wharf to remove silt, gravel, and other debris from the seabed, ensuring the port waters meet vessel berthing standards. For port projects involving land reclamation, a combined dredging and reclamation approach is usually employed. This means that silt, gravel, and other debris collected during dredging can be pumped into designated land reclamation areas. However, in certain special environments and operational conditions, large boulders may exist. After being lifted by the cutter head of a cutter suction dredger, these boulders can be drawn into the dredger through suction pipes. In dredging operations, the dredging equipment requires very high pressure to dredge mud, sand, and rocks to a sufficiently large area. Therefore, the diameter of the dredging pipe needs to be small enough to meet the high-pressure operation requirements. In addition, the flow dimension in the suction pump is also very small. When the boulders agitated by the cutter head reach the suction pump and dredging pipe through the suction pipe, their size may still be larger than the flow dimension in the suction pump or the diameter of the dredging pipe, causing blockage and affecting the dredging operation. Therefore, the boulders need to be crushed before entering the suction pump and dredging pipe to reduce the size of the crushed stones and thus reduce the chance of blockage. However, existing cutter suction equipment cannot process boulders underwater. It can only prevent large boulders from entering the suction pipe by reducing the diameter of the suction pipe or by installing a filter screen at the inlet of the suction pipe. However, this also has the drawbacks of not being able to meet the suction flow rate and requiring periodic shutdowns to clean the filter screen, which prolongs the operation cycle and reduces efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problem that existing cutter suction equipment cannot process large-sized boulders entering the suction pipe, and to provide an underwater boulder crusher, dredging and reclamation method, and cutter suction vessel.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an underwater boulder crusher, comprising a housing and two toothed rollers spaced apart within the housing, wherein: the axes of the two toothed rollers are parallel, and each of the two toothed rollers is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth along its axis; one end of each toothed roller is provided with a hydraulic motor located outside the housing, and the two toothed rollers are capable of rotating in opposite directions under the drive of the hydraulic motor; the crusher is connected to a suction pipe, such that the inlet end and outlet end of the crusher are respectively connected to the suction pipe; the area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the housing perpendicular to the direction from the inlet end of the crusher toward the outlet end, minus the area of ​​the projection of the toothed rollers and cutting teeth onto the cross section, is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of ​​the suction pipe.

[0005] To meet the requirements of sufficient sludge suction flow and crushing for underwater operations, this application increases the distance between the crusher shell and the toothed rollers, as well as the distance between the two toothed rollers, based on the flow area corresponding to the pipe diameters of the sludge suction pipes before and after the crusher. This ensures that the effective flow area within the shell is not less than the flow area of ​​the front and rear sludge suction pipes. The effective flow area within the shell cavity is the area of ​​the cross-section of the shell cavity perpendicular to the direction from the inlet end to the outlet end of the crusher (or the total flow area of ​​the shell cavity) minus the projected area of ​​the components within the shell (specifically, the toothed rollers and cutters) on the flow surface. Sufficient spacing should also be maintained between the two toothed rollers. The spacing between the rollers allows the boulders to enter and be crushed, preventing subsequent pipe blockage. This allows the crusher to crush boulders while maintaining sufficient flow area to ensure adequate initial flow of mud, water, and gravel to meet sludge suction needs during underwater operation. Furthermore, the crushing action extends the pump start-up cycle, avoiding frequent pipe blockages and multiple pump shutdowns for cleaning. It also prevents excessive pressure from the fluid impacting the rollers and blades due to a small flow area, thus avoiding equipment damage. Additionally, the fully hydraulic drive adapts to underwater operating environments, preventing short circuits and other malfunctions caused by poor sealing of existing electrical components underwater.

[0006] Preferably, the device further includes two guide grilles disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the inlet end of the crusher, and the guide grilles are used to correspond to the gap between the toothed roller and the inner wall of the housing on the same side. The area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the housing perpendicular to the flow direction of the boulder minus the area of ​​the projection of the toothed roller, the blades and the guide grilles on the cross section is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of ​​the suction pipe.

[0007] A guide bar is a device used to guide boulders from the suction pipe into the space between the two toothed rollers of a crusher. A single guide bar can be plate-shaped, with multiple filter grooves formed on its surface. Boulders smaller than the width of the filter groove can pass through the filter groove, while boulders larger than the width of the filter groove can enter the space between the two toothed rollers of the crusher. The guide bar can also be composed of multiple guide rods, and the gaps between the guide rods can act as filter grooves to filter the boulders.

[0008] A flow guide bar can be installed at the inlet end of the crusher, blocking the gap between the toothed roller and the inner wall of the casing on the same side. Specifically, the two flow guide bars can be set at an angle, with the larger gap between the two flow guide bars serving as the inlet and the smaller gap between the two flow guide bars serving as the outlet. The outlet of the flow guide bar is connected to the inlet of the crusher. The boulders in the suction pipe can enter from the inlet between the two flow guide bars and enter the crusher from the outlet of the flow guide bar under the guiding action of the flow guide bar, entering between the two toothed rollers, and then being crushed by the blades under the rotation of the two toothed rollers.

[0009] When a flow guide grid is installed, the effective flow area of ​​the crusher is the area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the shell perpendicular to the direction of the boulder flow (or the total flow area of ​​the inner cavity of the shell) minus the projected area of ​​the components in the shell (specifically, toothed rollers, cutters, and flow guide grids) on the flow surface. This effective flow area should always be greater than or equal to the flow area of ​​the suction pipe to ensure that the fluid has sufficient initial flow in the flow guide grid and the crusher, which can extend the single pump start-up cycle and improve operating efficiency.

[0010] Preferably, the minimum spacing between the two guide grilles is less than or equal to the sum of the spacing between the two toothed rollers and the diameter of the radial cross section of the two toothed rollers.

[0011] The minimum spacing between the two guide grids, that is, the gap size at the outlet of the two guide grids, shall not exceed the sum of the spacing between the two toothed rollers and the diameter of the two toothed rollers. This means that the outlet width of the two guide grids shall not exceed the width of the two sides of the two toothed rollers. The boulders can pass between the two guide grids and directly enter the space between the two toothed rollers for crushing by utilizing the guiding effect of the guide grids.

[0012] Preferably, the included angle between the two flow guide grilles is in the range of 45° to 90°.

[0013] An angle between two flow guide grids of 45° to 90° ensures that the grids maintain good flow guidance while providing sufficient filtration performance. If the angle is less than 45°, the boulder travels a longer distance within the grid, increasing the likelihood of it getting stuck and reducing its filtration performance. If the angle is greater than 90°, forming an obtuse angle, the impact of the boulder on the grid increases, potentially damaging it. Furthermore, the shorter travel distance within the grid reduces its flow guidance performance. For example, a large number of boulders may simultaneously enter the grid, causing blockages as they are not arranged in order along the flow direction. This can also obstruct the crusher's toothed rollers. Therefore, setting the angle between the two flow guide grids between 45° and 90° effectively avoids these problems.

[0014] Preferably, the flow guide grille includes a plurality of flow guide rods arranged at intervals.

[0015] The single-sided guide grid includes multiple guide rods arranged side by side, with a certain distance between adjacent guide rods. If the size of the boulder exceeds this distance, it cannot pass through the gap between the guide rods and can be discharged from the outlet of the two guide grids under the guiding action of the guide grid and enter the gap between the two toothed rollers for crushing. If the size of the boulder is smaller than this distance, the boulder can pass through the gap between the guide rods and can then directly enter the gap between the toothed roller and the inner wall of the housing. Here, the orientation of the guide rods is not specifically limited. The guide rods can be perpendicular to the axis of the toothed roller, or the guide rods can have any other angle with the axis of the toothed roller.

[0016] Preferably, the maximum distance between two adjacent guide rods on the same side of the guide grid is less than or equal to the distance between the inner wall of the housing and the corresponding toothed roller.

[0017] Setting the maximum distance between the two guide rods to no more than the distance between the inner wall of the shell and the nearest toothed roller ensures that the boulders passing between the guide rods can also pass through the gap between the toothed roller and the inner wall of the shell, thus preventing the boulders from getting stuck between the toothed roller and the inner wall of the shell and causing the crusher to jam.

[0018] Preferably, the cutting teeth arranged on the two toothed rollers are staggered.

[0019] The staggered arrangement of the blades on the two toothed rollers can form a curved, "snake-like" structure in the flow channel between the two toothed rollers, which is beneficial for crushing long strips of stone and avoids the strips of stone passing through the gap between the upper and lower blades without being crushed.

[0020] Preferably, a spacer is provided between two adjacent cutting teeth on the toothed roller, and the spacer is sleeved on the toothed roller.

[0021] The cutting teeth can be installed on the toothed roller in a nested manner, and adjacent cutting teeth are separated by spacers. In other words, spacers can be used to space adjacent cutting teeth. In addition, the distance between adjacent cutting teeth also depends on the height of the spacer. Spacers of the corresponding height can be selected for installation according to the required distance between cutting teeth.

[0022] Preferably, the hydraulic motors corresponding to the two toothed rollers are located on opposite sides of the housing.

[0023] By placing two hydraulic motors on opposite sides of the housing, specifically, the first hydraulic motor can be connected to one end of one of the toothed rollers and located on one side of the housing, while the second hydraulic motor can be connected to the other end of the other toothed roller relative to the first hydraulic motor and located on the other side of the housing. Compared to the conventional same-side arrangement, this ensures the same output torque at different positions between the two toothed rollers, making the torque more uniform across the gap between the two toothed rollers. In other words, the crushing effect of the boulder entering the gap between the two toothed rollers from any position remains consistent. In contrast, with existing same-side motors, the torque is greater and the crushing performance is better at the end closer to the motor between the toothed rollers, while the end farther from the motor usually loses some torque, which also impairs its crushing performance and affects the crushing effect. Therefore, placing the motors on opposite sides can effectively avoid the problem of uneven crushing performance and achieve a better crushing effect.

[0024] Preferably, the rotational speed of the toothed roller is in the range of 15 to 25 r / min.

[0025] During the crushing process, the rotation speed of the toothed roller should be controlled at around 20 r / min, preferably within the range of 15 to 25 r / min. This ensures that sufficient torque is transmitted at a lower rotation speed to meet the crushing effect, while also preventing the rotation speed from being too low to ensure crushing efficiency.

[0026] Preferably, the distance between the cutting teeth on one of the toothed rollers and the closest cutting teeth on the other toothed roller is less than or equal to the minimum flow path in the flow path of the boulder.

[0027] Setting the distance between the two closest teeth on the two toothed rollers to not exceed the minimum flow path of the boulders can reduce the probability of the broken stones clogging the subsequent pipelines. For example, when the boulders pass through the impeller of the suction pump, the distance between the impeller and the inner wall of the pump casing and the diameter of the downstream purging pipe are both small, making it easier for the broken stones to clog. Therefore, the distance between the teeth on both sides of the toothed rollers can be reduced, which means increasing the density of the teeth. This can further reduce the size of the broken stones after the boulders are broken, thereby reducing the probability of the broken stones clogging the subsequent pipelines.

[0028] Preferably, the distance between the cutting teeth on one of the toothed rollers and the closest cutting teeth on the other toothed roller is in the range of 100mm to 110mm.

[0029] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cutter suction dredger, including a bridge and an underwater boulder crusher as described above, wherein the suction pipe is disposed in the bridge.

[0030] A cutter suction dredger equipped with an underwater boulder crusher can simultaneously crush larger underwater boulders while suctioning mud at a sufficient flow rate. This reduces the likelihood of pipe blockage in the cutter suction and dredging pipelines, greatly avoids downtime caused by blockages, and improves the efficiency of cutter suction and dredging operations.

[0031] Preferably, the system further includes a suction pump and a hydraulic power source, wherein the suction pump is connected to the suction pipe downstream of the crusher, and the hydraulic power source is connected to the hydraulic motor.

[0032] Preferably, it also includes a cutter head connected to the suction pipe upstream of the crusher.

[0033] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a dredging and reclamation method, employing an underwater boulder crusher or cutter suction dredger as described above, comprising: S1: lowering the bridge frame into the water, aligning the inlet end of the suction pipe with a preset suction position, and aligning the reclamation pipe with a preset reclamation position; S2: turning on the cutter head, applying a suction negative pressure in the suction pipe, and turning on the hydraulic motor; S3: turning on the reclamation pump, and reclamping the material sucked by the suction pipe to the preset reclamation position.

[0034] This dredging and filling method allows for simultaneous sludge suction and crushing processes, thereby reducing the likelihood of crushed stone clogging subsequent pipelines while ensuring sludge suction flow rate, enabling continuous sludge suction operations over a longer period.

[0035] Preferably, the method further includes: if the boulder gets stuck between the two toothed rollers, starting the hydraulic motor in the reverse direction to drive the two toothed rollers to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0036] There may still be boulders underwater that are too hard to be crushed by the crusher. When they reach the toothed rollers, they may get stuck between the two toothed rollers and prevent the rollers from rotating. In this case, the hydraulic motor can be started in reverse to make the toothed rollers rotate in the opposite direction to release the boulders. If necessary, the pump can be stopped and the uncrushable boulders can be returned to the water along the original path of the suction pipe.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0038] 1. This invention provides an underwater boulder crusher. To meet the requirement of simultaneous mud suction and boulder crushing operations and ensure a sufficiently long single operation cycle, the distance between the crusher shell and the toothed rollers, as well as the distance between the two toothed rollers, can be increased according to the flow area corresponding to the pipe diameter of the mud suction pipes before and after the crusher. This ensures that the effective flow area in the shell is not less than the flow area of ​​the front and rear mud suction pipes. The effective flow area of ​​the shell cavity is the area of ​​the cross section of the shell cavity perpendicular to the boulder flow direction (or the total flow area of ​​the shell cavity) minus the area of ​​the components in the shell (specifically, the toothed rollers). The projected area of ​​the rollers and cutter teeth on the flow surface should be considered. Sufficient spacing should also be maintained between the two toothed rollers to allow the boulders to enter between the rollers and be crushed. This allows the crusher to crush boulders while maintaining sufficient flow area to ensure adequate flow of mud, water, and gravel to meet the sludge suction requirements during underwater operation. It also avoids the damage caused by excessive pressure of the fluid impacting the toothed rollers, cutter teeth, and other components due to a small flow area. In addition, the use of a fully hydraulic drive can adapt to the underwater operating environment and avoids the possibility of short circuits and other failures caused by poor sealing of existing electrical components underwater.

[0039] 2. This invention provides a cutter suction dredger that can simultaneously dredge large-sized boulders underwater with sufficient flow rate, thereby reducing the probability of pipe blockage in the cutter suction and dredging pipelines, greatly avoiding downtime of cutter suction and dredging operations due to pipe blockage, and improving the efficiency of cutter suction and dredging operations.

[0040] 3. This invention provides a dredging and filling method that allows for simultaneous sludge suction and crushing processes, thereby reducing the likelihood of crushed stone clogging in subsequent pipelines while ensuring sludge suction flow rate, enabling continuous sludge suction operations over a longer period. Attached image description:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater boulder crusher of the present invention (the flow guide grid is not shown).

[0042] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the installation of the flow guide bar on the crusher.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a top view of the installation of the flow guide bar on the crusher.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the underwater boulder crusher in the suction pipe according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter suction dredger of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of the cutter suction device at point A on the cutter suction vessel of the present invention.

[0047] Marked in the image:

[0048] 1. Crusher; 11. Shell; 12. Toothed roller; 13. Cutting teeth; 14. Hydraulic motor; 15. Spacer; 16. Guide bar.

[0049] 161. Guide rod, 2. Suction pipe, 3. Filter box, 4. Cable tray, 5. Cutter head, 6. Suction pump, 7. Cutter suction equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0052] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but that it can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0054] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0055] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a crusher for underwater boulder.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater boulder crusher of the present invention (the flow guide grid is not shown); Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the installation of the flow guide bar on the crusher; Figure 3 A top view of the installation of the flow guide bar on the crusher; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the underwater boulder crusher in the suction pipe according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter suction dredger of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of the cutter suction device at point A on the cutter suction vessel of the present invention.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the figure, the underwater boulder crusher of this embodiment may include a housing 11 and two toothed rollers 12 spaced apart in the housing 11. The axes of the two toothed rollers 12 are parallel, and multiple blades 13 are arranged along the axis on each of the two toothed rollers 12. A hydraulic motor 14 is provided at one end of the toothed roller 12. The hydraulic motor 14 is located outside the housing 11. The toothed rollers 12 and the blades 13 can rotate together to crush the boulder under the drive of the hydraulic motor 14. The crusher 1 is provided with suction pipes 2 on the front and rear sides along the flow direction of the boulder, that is, the crusher... The crusher 1 can be installed on the suction pipe 2, and its inlet end and outlet end are respectively connected to the suction pipe 2. The mixture of boulders, mud and water can enter the two toothed rollers 12 from the inlet end of the crusher 1 through the suction pipe 2 upstream of the crusher 1 and be crushed. Then it flows out of the crusher 1 from the outlet end of the crusher 1 and enters the suction pipe 2 downstream of the crusher 1. The area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the shell 11 perpendicular to the flow direction of the boulders minus the area of ​​the projection of the toothed rollers 12 and the cutter teeth 13 on the cross section is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of ​​the suction pipe 2.

[0060] Specifically, a crushing channel with a certain spacing can be formed between the two toothed rollers 12 to allow boulders to enter. Boulders larger than the spacing between the two toothed rollers 12 can be crushed into smaller stones by the crushing action of the cutting teeth 13 on the two toothed rollers 12 after entering the crushing channel. The stones can then enter the suction pipe 2 downstream of the crusher 1. A certain spacing is also formed between the two toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the shell 11. The mixture sucked in by the suction pipe 2 upstream of the crusher 1, including boulders, mud, sand and water, can flow into the suction pipe 2 downstream through the gaps between the toothed rollers 12 and between the toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the shell 11. Therefore, the gaps between the toothed rollers 12 and between the toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the shell 11 can be regarded as the effective flow space in the crusher 1.

[0061] Existing land-based crushers 1 typically consist of two toothed rollers 12 close together with their teeth 13 interlocking. They are mainly used for crushing relatively small objects such as garbage and debris. However, for larger objects, especially smooth, rounded, hard objects like stones, ordinary crushers 1 cannot handle them, and the gaps within the crusher 1 are too small. To meet the requirements for sufficient sludge suction flow and stone crushing in underwater operations, the distance between the crusher 1 shell 11 and the toothed rollers 12, as well as the distance between the two toothed rollers 12, can be increased based on the flow area corresponding to the diameter of the suction pipes 2 before and after the crusher 1. This ensures that the effective flow area within the shell 11 is not less than the flow area of ​​the suction pipes 2 before and after the crusher 1. The effective flow area within the shell 11 is the area of ​​the shell 11 cavity perpendicular to the direction of the stone flow. The cross-sectional area (or the total flow area of ​​the inner cavity of the shell 11) minus the projected area of ​​the components (specifically the toothed rollers 12 and the cutter teeth 13) on the flow surface of the shell 11 is calculated. Sufficient spacing should also be maintained between the two toothed rollers 12 to allow the boulders to enter between the toothed rollers 12 and be crushed. This allows the crusher 1 to crush boulders while maintaining sufficient flow area to ensure that the silt, water, and gravel have sufficient initial flow to meet the sludge suction requirements. This can extend the operation cycle of a single pump start-up and avoid the damage caused by excessive pressure of the fluid impacting the toothed rollers 12, cutter teeth 13, and other components due to a small flow area. In addition, the use of full hydraulic drive can adapt to the underwater operating environment and avoid the failure of existing electrical components due to poor sealing underwater, which can easily cause short circuits and other malfunctions.

[0062] In this embodiment, the underwater boulder crusher may further include two flow guide grilles 16 disposed on opposite sides of the inlet end of the crusher 1. The two flow guide grilles 16 may respectively cover the gap between the two toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11 on the same side. The area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the housing 11 perpendicular to the flow direction of the boulder minus the area of ​​the projection of the toothed rollers 12, the blades 13 and the flow guide grilles 16 on the cross section is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of ​​the suction pipe 2.

[0063] Specifically, two guide grids 16 can be inclinedly arranged on both sides of the inlet of the crusher 1 relative to the flow direction of the boulders, and the inclination direction makes the spacing between the two guide grids 16 decrease from large to small along the flow direction of the boulders. The two inclined guide grids 16 can just cover the gap between the two toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11 on the same side. That is to say, under the guiding action of the guide grids 16, the boulders cannot enter the gap between the toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11, but enter the crushing channel between the two toothed rollers 12 and are crushed.

[0064] The guide grid 16 can be installed at the inlet end of the crusher 1, and the gap between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11 on the same side can be blocked. Specifically, the two guide grids 16 can be set at an angle, with the larger gap between the two guide grids 16 serving as the inlet and the smaller gap between the two guide grids 16 serving as the outlet. The outlet of the guide grid 16 is connected to the inlet of the crusher 1. The boulders in the suction pipe 2 can enter from the inlet between the two guide grids 16 and enter the crusher 1 from the outlet of the guide grid 16 under the guiding action of the guide grid 16, entering between the two toothed rollers 12, and then being crushed by the blades 13 under the rotation of the two toothed rollers 12.

[0065] Specifically, if the crusher 1 is directly connected to its upstream suction pipe 1, the guide grille 16 can be installed on the inner wall of the suction pipe 1, and the outlet ends of the guide grilles 16 on both sides can be connected to the inlet end of the crusher 1 and aligned between the two toothed rollers 12; if a filter box 3 is also installed between the crusher 1 and the upstream suction pipe 1, that is, the crusher 1 is directly connected to its upstream filter box 3, the guide grille 16 can be installed on the inner wall of the filter box 3, and the outlet ends of the guide grilles 16 on both sides can be connected to the inlet end of the crusher 1 and aligned between the two toothed rollers 12.

[0066] With the flow guide grid 16 installed, the effective flow area of ​​the crusher 1 is the area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the shell 11 perpendicular to the direction of the boulder flow (or the total flow area of ​​the inner cavity of the shell 11) minus the projected area of ​​the components in the shell 11 (specifically, the toothed roller 12, the cutter teeth 13, and the flow guide grid 16) on the flow surface. This effective flow area should always be greater than or equal to the flow area of ​​the suction pipe 2 to ensure sufficient flow of fluid in the flow guide grid 16 and the crusher 1.

[0067] Alternatively, the minimum spacing between the two guide grids 16 may be less than or equal to the sum of the spacing between the two toothed rollers 12 and the diameter of the radial cross section of the two toothed rollers 12.

[0068] Specifically, the minimum spacing between the two guide grids 16, that is, the gap size at the outlet of the two guide grids 16, does not exceed the sum of the spacing between the two toothed rollers 12 and the diameter of the two toothed rollers 12. This means that the outlet width of the two guide grids 16 does not exceed the width of the two sides of the two toothed rollers 12. The boulders can pass through the space between the two guide grids 16 and directly enter the space between the two toothed rollers 12 for crushing by utilizing the guiding effect of the guide grids 16, while avoiding passing through the sides of the two toothed rollers 12. This prevents the boulders from getting stuck in the gap between the toothed rollers 12 and the inner wall of the adjacent housing 11.

[0069] Alternatively, the included angle between the two guide grilles 16 can be in the range of 45° to 90°.

[0070] Specifically, the included angle between the two guide grids 16 can be within the range of 45° to 90°, ensuring that the guide grids 16 maintain good flow guidance while possessing sufficient filtration performance. If the included angle between the two guide grids 16 is less than 45°, the length of the guide grids 16 in the upstream pipe of the crusher 1 will be longer, thus extending the travel distance of the boulders in the guide grids 16, increasing the probability of the boulders getting stuck in the guide grids 16, and reducing the filtration performance of the grids. If the included angle between the two guide grids 16 is greater than 90°, forming an obtuse angle, it will increase the impact of the boulders on the guide grids 16, easily causing damage to the guide grids 16. Damage to the 6-axis can also reduce the flow guiding performance of the grid due to the short stroke of the boulders in the guide grid 16. For example, a large number of boulders may enter the grid at the same time, causing the stones to be squeezed into the guide grid 16 before they are arranged in order along the flow direction, resulting in blockage. It may also cause jamming of the toothed roller 12 of the crusher 1. Therefore, setting the included angle between the two guide grids 16 between 45° and 90° can relatively well avoid the above problems. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The included angle between the two guide grids 16 can also be arbitrarily selected according to actual needs, and can exceed the above range under other possible working conditions. The present invention does not specifically limit this.

[0071] Alternatively, the flow guide grid 16 may include a number of spaced-apart flow guide rods 161, through which boulders that cannot pass through the gaps between the flow guide rods 161 may enter between the two toothed rollers 12 and be broken.

[0072] Specifically, the single-sided guide grid 16 may include multiple guide rods 161 arranged side by side, with a certain distance between adjacent guide rods 161. If the size of the boulder exceeds the distance, it cannot pass through the gap between the guide rods 161 and can be discharged from the outlet of the two guide grids 16 under the guiding action of the guide grid 16 and enter the gap between the two toothed rollers 12 for crushing. If the size of the boulder is smaller than the distance, the boulder can pass through the gap between the guide rods 161 and can directly enter the gap between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11.

[0073] Alternatively, the maximum spacing between two adjacent guide rods 161 may be less than or equal to the spacing between the inner wall of the housing 11 and the nearest toothed roller 12.

[0074] Specifically, setting the maximum distance between the two guide rods 161 to no more than the distance between the inner wall of the housing 11 and the nearest toothed roller 12 ensures that boulders passing between the guide rods 161 can also pass through the gap between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11, thereby preventing boulders from getting stuck between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the housing 11 and causing obstruction of the crusher 1. In a feasible example, the guide grid 16 has 5 guide rods 161, which are evenly spaced. The distance between two adjacent guide rods 161 can be set to 16mm, and the gap between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the nearest housing 11 can be set to 20mm. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The distance between the guide rods 161 and the number of guide rods 161 in the guide grid 16 can be specifically determined according to the distance between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the nearest housing 11 and the inner diameter of the upstream pipe of the crusher 1. The present invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0075] In this embodiment, the blades 13 arranged on the two toothed rollers 12 are staggered. This staggered arrangement of the blades 13 on both sides of the toothed rollers 12 creates a curved, serpentine flow channel between the two rollers, which facilitates the crushing of long, narrow stones. It also minimizes the risk of long stones passing through the gap between the upper and lower blades 13 without being crushed. In other words, if the blades 13 on both sides are aligned, long stones may pass through the gap between the upper and lower blades 13 when their length direction aligns with the fluid flow direction, thus failing to be crushed. The staggered arrangement of the blades 13 largely avoids this problem, increasing the probability of stones passing between the two toothed rollers being crushed. However, the invention is not limited to this; the arrangement of the blades 13 on the toothed rollers 12 can be arbitrarily selected according to actual conditions, and is not limited to the staggered or aligned arrangement described above. The invention does not impose specific limitations on this arrangement.

[0076] Optionally, a spacer 15 is provided between two adjacent teeth 13 on the toothed roller 12, and the spacer 15 can be fitted onto the toothed roller 12. Specifically, the spacer 15 can be a through cylindrical structure, and its inner wall can match the outer wall of the toothed roller 12. The spacer 15 can be fitted onto the toothed roller 12 and can be circumferentially fixed with the toothed roller 12. For example, the inner wall of the spacer 15 can be formed with an internal tooth-like structure, and the outer wall of the toothed roller 12 can be formed with an external tooth-like structure. The two can cooperate with each other. After the spacer 15 is fitted onto the toothed roller 12, the spacer 15 can rotate with the rotation of the toothed roller 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The connection relationship between the spacer 15 and the toothed roller 12 can also be in other forms, as long as circumferential fixation between the toothed roller 12 and the spacer 15 can be achieved. The present invention does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0077] The blade teeth 13 can be mounted on the toothed roller 12 in a sleeved manner, and adjacent blade teeth 13 are separated by spacers 15. That is, the spacers 15 can be used to space adjacent blade teeth 13. In addition, the distance between adjacent blade teeth 13 also depends on the height of the spacers 15. The spacers 15 of the corresponding height can be selected for installation according to the required distance between the blade teeth 13. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A hollow hole can be opened in the center of the blade teeth 13. The inner wall of the hole can match the outer wall of the toothed roller 12, so that the blade teeth 13 can be sleeved on the toothed roller 12 and can be connected to the toothed roller 12. The two are circumferentially fixed. For example, the inner wall of the blade tooth 13 can be formed with an internal tooth-like structure, and the outer wall of the toothed roller 12 can be formed with an external tooth-like structure. The two can cooperate with each other. After the blade tooth 13 is sleeved on the toothed roller 12, the blade tooth 13 can rotate with the rotation of the toothed roller 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The connection relationship between the blade tooth 13 and the toothed roller 12 can also be in other forms, as long as the circumferential fixation between the toothed roller 12 and the blade tooth 13 can be achieved. In addition, the height of the spacer 15 can also be determined by the required spacing between the blade teeth 13. The present invention does not make specific limitations on this.

[0078] In this embodiment, the two hydraulic motors 14 connected to the two toothed rollers 12 are located on both sides of the housing 11.

[0079] By placing the two hydraulic motors 14 on opposite sides of the housing 11, compared to the conventional same-side arrangement, it is possible to ensure the same output torque at different positions between the two toothed rollers 12, making the torque more uniform across the gap between the two toothed rollers 12. In other words, the crushing effect of the boulder entering the gap between the two toothed rollers 12 from any position can be consistent. In contrast, with the existing same-side motors, the torque is greater and the crushing performance is better at the end closer to the motor between the toothed rollers 12, while the end farther from the motor usually loses some torque, and its crushing performance is also impaired, which in turn affects the crushing effect. Therefore, placing the motors on opposite sides can effectively avoid the problem of uneven crushing performance and make the crushing effect better.

[0080] In this embodiment, the distance between the cutting teeth 13 on one toothed roller 12 and the closest cutting teeth 13 on the other toothed roller 12 is less than or equal to the minimum flow path in the flow path of the boulder.

[0081] Setting the distance between the two closest teeth 13 on the two toothed rollers 12 to not exceed the minimum flow path in the flow path of the boulders can reduce the probability of the broken stones clogging the subsequent pipelines. For example, when the boulders pass through the impeller of the suction pump 6, the distance between the impeller and the inner wall of the pump casing and the diameter of the rear filling pipe are both small, making it easier for the broken stones to clog. Therefore, the distance between the teeth 13 on both sides of the toothed rollers 12 can be reduced, that is, the density of the teeth 13 can be increased, which can further reduce the size of the broken stones after the boulders are broken, thereby reducing the probability of the broken stones clogging the subsequent pipelines.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] This embodiment provides a cutter suction dredger.

[0084] The cutter suction dredger described in this embodiment may include a bridge frame 4 and an underwater rock crusher as described in embodiment 1. The crusher 1 and the suction pipe 2 may be installed in the bridge frame 4. That is, other components such as the crusher 1, the suction pipe 2, etc. (such as the cutter head 5, the filter box 3, etc.) may be placed as a whole in the bridge frame 4 of the cutter suction dredger as the cutter suction equipment 7. The bridge frame 4 may be lowered to a preset position underwater together with the cutter suction equipment 7 before the cutter suction operation begins, or it may be raised to the surface together with the cutter suction equipment 7 after the cutter suction operation ends.

[0085] A cutter suction dredger equipped with an underwater boulder crusher can simultaneously crush larger underwater boulders while suctioning mud at a sufficient flow rate. This reduces the likelihood of pipe blockage in the cutter suction and dredging pipelines, greatly avoids downtime caused by blockages, and improves the efficiency of cutter suction and dredging operations.

[0086] In this embodiment, the cutter suction dredger may further include a suction pump 6 and a hydraulic power source. The suction pump 6 can be connected to the suction pipe 2 downstream of the crusher 1, and the hydraulic power source can be connected to the hydraulic motor 14. The suction pump 6 can provide suction negative pressure for components such as the suction pipe 2 and the crusher 1, and can suck a mixture of boulders, silt and water into the cutter suction device 7 for underwater dredging operations.

[0087] It should be noted that the structure and function of the underwater boulder crusher described in this embodiment are the same as those of the underwater boulder crusher described in Embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] This embodiment provides a dredging and reclamation method.

[0090] The dredging and reclamation method described in this embodiment can be achieved using an underwater rock crusher as described in Embodiment 1 or a cutter suction dredger as described in Embodiment 2.

[0091] The dredging and reclamation method described in this embodiment may include the following steps:

[0092] S1: Lower the bridge frame 4 into the water, align the inlet end of the sludge suction pipe 2 with the preset sludge suction position, and align the blow-fill pipe with the preset blow-fill position;

[0093] S2: Turn on the auger head 5, apply suction negative pressure in the suction pipe 2, and turn on the hydraulic motor 14;

[0094] The suction pump 6 can be used to apply a suction negative pressure in the suction pipe 2, so that the mixture containing boulders enters the suction pipe 2 upstream of the crusher 1. Boulders that cannot pass through the gap of the guide rod 161 are guided into the space between the two toothed rollers 12 of the crusher 1 by the guide grid 16. Other substances in the mixture that can pass through the gap of the guide rod 161 can pass through the gap between the toothed roller 12 and the inner wall of the adjacent housing 11 or between the two toothed rollers 12.

[0095] S3: Turn on the shoveling pump to shovel the material sucked by the suction pipe 2 to the preset shoveling position.

[0096] In this embodiment, the dredging and reclamation method may further include the following unblocking step:

[0097] If the boulder gets stuck between the two toothed rollers (12), the hydraulic motor (14) is started in the opposite direction, driving the two toothed rollers (12) to rotate in the opposite direction.

[0098] There may still be excessively hard boulders underwater that cannot be crushed by the crusher 1. When they reach the toothed roller 12, they may get stuck between the two toothed rollers 12, preventing the toothed rollers 12 from rotating. At this time, the hydraulic motor 14 can be started in reverse to make the toothed rollers 12 rotate in the opposite direction to release the boulders. If necessary, the pump can be stopped, and the uncrushable boulders can be returned to the water along the original path of the suction pipe 2. If there is a filter box 3 upstream of the crusher 1, the boulders that cannot pass through the crusher 1 can be temporarily stored in the filter box 3. The boulders in the filter box 3 can be unloaded after the suction operation is stopped.

[0099] For dredging operations, the sediment at the bottom of the water is usually mud and rocks. After being stirred by the cutter head 5, the mud and rocks at the bottom of the water can be lifted up and mixed with the water above to form a mixture. The suction device 7 can suck up and collect the solid phase in the mixture before it is redeposited. Therefore, the mixture entering the suction pipe 2 and the crusher 1 generally contains mud, water and boulders.

[0100] In summary, to meet the requirement of simultaneous mud suction and stone crushing operations and to ensure a sufficiently long single operation cycle, the underwater boulder crusher of this invention can increase the distance between the crusher shell and the toothed rollers, as well as the distance between the two toothed rollers, according to the flow area corresponding to the pipe diameter of the mud suction pipes before and after the crusher. This ensures that the effective flow area in the shell is not less than the flow area of ​​the front and rear mud suction pipes. The effective flow area of ​​the shell cavity is the area of ​​the cross section of the shell cavity perpendicular to the flow direction of the boulder (or the total flow area of ​​the shell cavity) minus the projected area of ​​the components in the shell (specifically, the toothed rollers and cutters) on the flow surface. Sufficient spacing should also be maintained between the two toothed rollers to allow the boulder to enter between the toothed rollers and be crushed. Thus, the crusher can crush boulders while maintaining sufficient flow area during underwater operation to ensure... The dredging vessel of this invention provides sufficient flow of silt, water, and gravel to meet sludge suction requirements, while also preventing damage to components such as toothed rollers and cutters caused by excessive pressure due to a small flow area. Furthermore, the fully hydraulic drive adapts to underwater operating environments, avoiding the short circuits and other malfunctions that can easily occur underwater due to poor sealing of existing electrical components. This invention's dredging vessel can simultaneously sludge suction with sufficient flow while crushing larger underwater boulders, thereby reducing the likelihood of pipe blockage in the dredging and reclamation pipelines and significantly minimizing downtime caused by blockages, thus improving the efficiency of dredging and reclamation operations. This invention's dredging and reclamation method allows for simultaneous sludge suction and gravel crushing, reducing the likelihood of gravel blockage in subsequent pipelines while ensuring sufficient sludge suction flow, enabling continuous sludge suction operations over extended periods.

[0101] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crusher for underwater boulder rafts, characterized in that, The crusher (1) includes a housing (11) and two toothed rollers (12) spaced apart within the housing (11), wherein: The axes of the two toothed rollers (12) are parallel, and a number of cutting teeth (13) are arranged on both toothed rollers (12) along the axis of the toothed rollers (12). One end of the toothed rollers (12) is provided with a hydraulic motor (14) located outside the housing (11). The two toothed rollers (12) can rotate towards each other under the drive of the hydraulic motor (14). The crusher (1) is connected to the suction pipe (2), so that the inlet end and outlet end of the crusher (1) are respectively connected to the suction pipe (2). The area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the shell (11) perpendicular to the direction of the inlet end of the crusher (1) towards the outlet end minus the area of ​​the projection of the toothed roller (12) and the blade (13) on the cross section is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of ​​the suction pipe (2). The crusher (1) also includes flow guide grilles (16) arranged on both sides of the inlet end of the crusher. The flow guide grilles (16) are used to correspond to the gap between the toothed roller (12) and the inner wall of the housing (11) on the same side. The area of ​​the cross section of the inner cavity of the housing (11) perpendicular to the flow direction of the boulder minus the area of ​​the projection of the toothed roller (12), the blade (13) and the flow guide grilles (16) on the cross section is greater than or equal to the radial flow area of ​​the suction pipe (2). The minimum spacing between the two guide grilles (16) is less than or equal to the sum of the spacing between the two toothed rollers (12) and the diameter of the radial section of the two toothed rollers (12); The flow guide grille (16) includes a plurality of flow guide rods (161) arranged at intervals. The maximum distance between two adjacent guide rods (161) on the same side of the guide grid is less than or equal to the distance between the inner wall of the housing (11) and the corresponding toothed roller (12); The cutting teeth (13) arranged on the two toothed rollers (12) are staggered with each other; A spacer (15) is provided between two adjacent cutting teeth (13) on the toothed roller (12), and the spacer (15) is sleeved on the toothed roller (12); The distance between the cutting tooth (13) on one of the toothed rollers (12) and the closest cutting tooth (13) on the other toothed roller (12) is less than or equal to the minimum flow path in the flow path of the boulder.

2. The underwater boulder crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle between the two flow guide grilles (16) ranges from 45° to 90°.

3. The underwater boulder crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic motors (14) corresponding to the two toothed rollers (12) are located on opposite sides of the housing (11).

4. The underwater boulder crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The rotational speed range of the toothed roller (12) is 15~25 r / min.

5. The underwater boulder crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the cutting tooth (13) on one of the toothed rollers (12) and the closest cutting tooth (13) on the other toothed roller (12) ranges from 100 mm to 110 mm.

6. A cutter suction dredger, characterized in that, The device includes a bridge (4) and a crusher for underwater boulder as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the suction pipe (2) is disposed in the bridge (4).

7. The cutter suction dredger according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a suction pump (6) and a hydraulic source, the suction pump (6) being connected to the suction pipe (2) downstream of the crusher (1), and the hydraulic source being connected to the hydraulic motor (14).

8. The cutter suction dredger according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a cutter head connected to the suction pipe (2) upstream of the crusher (1).

9. A dredging and reclamation method, characterized in that, The cutter suction dredger described in any one of claims 6 to 8 comprises: S1: Lower the bridge frame (4) into the water, align the inlet end of the suction pipe (2) with the preset suction position, and align the filling pipe with the preset filling position; S2: Turn on the auger head, apply suction negative pressure in the suction pipe (2), and turn on the hydraulic motor (14). S3: Turn on the filling pump and fill the material sucked by the suction pipe (2) to the preset filling position.

10. The dredging and reclamation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: If the boulder gets stuck between the two toothed rollers (12), the hydraulic motor (14) is started in the opposite direction, driving the two toothed rollers (12) to rotate in the opposite direction.

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