High-precision three-axis electric spark machine tool integrating visual positioning and positioning method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision three-axis electric spark machine tool integrating visual positioning and a positioning method, and particularly relates to the field of machining machines.The high-precision three-axis electric spark machine tool comprises a rack, a machining box, a machining device and a screen frame, a display screen is installed at one end of the screen frame, a bearing plate and a control case are fixedly installed at the top of the rack, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged at the top of the bearing plate; through mutual cooperation of the positioning mechanism, the pointing assembly and the graduated scale, the two-way lead screw drives the two positioning plates to move oppositely, then a workpiece is fixed to the center of the die holder, meanwhile, the two pointing rods slide on the graduated scale, a camera can feed back scale values, pointing to the surface of the graduated scale, of the two pointing rods to a display screen, and the display screen displays the scale values. Due to the fact that scale values on the graduated scale are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the center of the die holder, the size of a workpiece can be obtained only by multiplying the scale values by two, and meanwhile the positioning effect and precision are effectively improved through the two-way extrusion mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tools, and in particular to a high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning and a positioning method. Background Technology

[0002] An electrical discharge machining (EDM) machine is a machine tool that uses electrical discharge to erode the surface of metal to process metal parts. Because the principle of EDM is different from that of ordinary metal cutting, EDM machine tools are structurally different from ordinary metal cutting machine tools. First, it has a high-energy pulse power supply device to provide energy for generating electrical discharge. Its main function is to generate repeated high-intensity electrical pulses on the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode to generate electrical discharge and process the workpiece.

[0003] However, existing three-axis EDM machines have significant shortcomings in the coordination between positioning accuracy and machining efficiency: First, workpiece positioning relies on manual operation. Operators need to manually place the workpiece on the mold base and adjust the fixture position to achieve centering, which is not only time-consuming, but also prone to positioning deviations due to human error. Especially during batch processing, the consistency of positioning of different workpieces is difficult to guarantee, directly affecting the machining dimensional accuracy. Second, workpiece dimensional detection and positioning are separated. Most machines need to start the detection process separately after positioning is completed, or remove the workpiece after processing for offline detection. If dimensional deviations are found, re-clamping and positioning are required, causing the processing flow to be interrupted and efficiency to be greatly reduced. Third, the machining environment can easily interfere with detection accuracy. Metal chips and cooling water generated during processing can easily adhere to the surface of the positioning reference components, causing the vision inspection components to be unable to accurately identify the positioning data, further aggravating the positioning error. Fourth, the ease of operation is insufficient. The screen operation interface is mostly fixed and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the operator's height and viewing angle. Moreover, data transmission mostly relies on wired connections, which are prone to tangling or wear due to movement of the machining box, affecting the stable operation of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool and positioning method with integrated vision positioning, which can effectively solve the problems of existing three-axis EDM machine tools, such as reliance on manual positioning, poor coordination between dimensional inspection and positioning, insufficient detection accuracy and ease of operation due to interference from the machining environment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning includes a frame, a machining box, a machining head, and a screen frame. A display screen is mounted at one end of the screen frame. A support plate and a control chassis are fixedly mounted on the top of the frame. An adjustment mechanism is provided on the top of the support plate, and an electric push rod is fixedly mounted thereon. The adjustment mechanism includes an X-axis movement mechanism and a Z-axis movement mechanism, which respectively drive the machining box to move horizontally along the X and Y axes. The machining head is fixedly mounted on the output end of the electric push rod. A door is rotatably connected to one end of the machining box. A scale and a mold base are fixedly mounted inside the machining box, and a positioning mechanism is provided. The positioning mechanism includes two fixed frames and a positioning plate. A pointing component is provided at one end of each of the two fixed frames, and a camera is fixedly mounted thereon. The positioning mechanism and the pointing component work together to not only center the workpiece on the mold base but also monitor the workpiece's dimensions in real time. A limit component is provided on the top of the frame, allowing the screen frame to move vertically and rotate via the limit component, and to automatically reset itself.

[0006] Preferably, the positioning mechanism further includes a motor, a bidirectional lead screw, and a slide bar. The bidirectional lead screw and the slide bar are rotatably connected to the processing box. The motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the processing box. One end of the bidirectional lead screw passes through the processing box and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. The two positioning plates are fixedly connected to the two fixing frames respectively. The two fixing frames are slidably sleeved on the slide bar and threadedly sleeved at both ends of the bidirectional lead screw.

[0007] Preferably, the pointing assembly includes an L-shaped rod, a fixed rod, and a pointing rod. The fixed rod is fixedly connected to the L-shaped rod and the pointing rod, and is sleeved on the outer wall of the scale. The outer walls of the scale, the fixed rod, and the pointing rod are smooth. The L-shaped rod is fixedly connected to the fixing frame. The camera is centrally mounted on one side of the fixing frame, and its shooting position is directly opposite the pointing rod. The pointing rod is centrally mounted on the top of the fixed rod.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting component includes a base, a sliding rod is fixedly installed on the top of the base, a top plate is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding rod, the screen frame is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod, a buffer spring and a compression spring are sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod, the two ends of the buffer spring are respectively connected to the bottom of the screen frame and the top of the base, the two ends of the compression spring are respectively connected to the top of the screen frame and the bottom of the top plate, and the camera is wirelessly connected to the screen frame via a Bluetooth module.

[0009] Preferably, a switch and a protective cylinder are fixedly installed on the top of the screen frame, and the protective cylinder is slidably engaged with the top plate.

[0010] Preferably, the X-axis moving mechanism includes a guide rail and a mounting base. The X-axis moving mechanism is fixedly installed on the top of the support plate. A screw and a guide rod are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide rail, and a motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall. One end of the screw passes through the guide rail and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. The mounting base is threaded onto the screw and slidably fitted onto the guide rail, and slides against the inner wall of the guide rail.

[0011] Preferably, the Z-axis moving mechanism includes a second guide rail, a second screw is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second guide rail, and a second motor is fixedly installed on the outer wall. The processing box is threaded onto the second screw and slides against the inner wall of the second guide rail. One end of the processing box is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor.

[0012] A positioning method for a high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning includes the following steps: S1: Equipment initialization calibration, start the control box, input the theoretical size of the workpiece, the centering positioning reference and the processing area parameters through the display screen on the screen frame, and simultaneously complete the focus adjustment of the camera and the brightness calibration of the supplementary light to ensure that the scale of the ruler is clearly imaged; S2: Initial placement of the workpiece: Open the dustproof observation window of the processing box, place the workpiece to be processed on the surface of the mold base, no precise alignment is required, and after closing the dustproof observation window, trigger the switch to start the positioning process; S3: Mechanical centering and positioning. The control box drives the motor to rotate, which in turn drives the bidirectional lead screw to rotate, causing the two fixed frames to slide relative to each other along the slide bar. The fixed frames synchronously drive the positioning plate and the pointing component to move until the two positioning plates are in contact with both sides of the workpiece, thus completing the mechanical centering and fixing of the workpiece. S4: Visual size inspection. When the positioning plate is attached to the workpiece, the camera on the fixing frame simultaneously captures the scale position of the pointing rod of the pointing component corresponding to the scale of the ruler. The image data is transmitted to the control box through the Bluetooth module. The system analyzes the scale value and calculates the actual size of the workpiece. It is then compared with the theoretical size to generate size deviation data. S5: Fine-tuning of the processing position. The control box drives the first motor of the X-axis moving mechanism and the second motor of the Z-axis moving mechanism to operate according to the centering positioning reference and dimensional deviation data. The screws first and second drive the processing box to move horizontally along the X-axis and Y-axis. Combined with the real-time feedback of the grating ruler displacement sensor, the workpiece is adjusted to the preset processing position directly below the processor. S6: Positioning accuracy verification. After the adjustment is completed, the camera takes a second picture of the pointer scale and the edge of the workpiece. The control box performs a double verification of the centering accuracy and position coordinates of the workpiece. When the deviation value is ≤ μm, the positioning is deemed qualified; otherwise, step SS is repeated. S7: Batch positioning adaptation. After the first workpiece is positioned and qualified, the processing flow is started. Subsequent workpieces repeat step SS. The control box establishes an adaptation model based on the first workpiece positioning data, which shortens the response time of mechanical positioning and visual inspection, and realizes rapid and accurate positioning of batch workpieces.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves integrated workpiece positioning and size monitoring through the coordinated design of the positioning mechanism, pointing component, and camera. The three-drive bidirectional lead screw of the motor drives the fixing frame and positioning plate to automatically clamp and center the workpiece, eliminating the need for manual calibration. At the same time, the pointing component moves with the fixing frame, and the camera captures the relative position of the pointing rod and the scale. The actual size of the workpiece is calculated in real time and compared with the theoretical value. Combined with the screw drive of the X-axis moving mechanism and the Z-axis moving mechanism of the adjustment mechanism and the Z-axis adjustment of the electric push rod, high-precision positioning of the workpiece in three-dimensional space is achieved, effectively avoiding the errors of manual operation in traditional positioning and improving positioning consistency and efficiency.

[0014] 2. This invention utilizes the cooperation between the positioning mechanism, the pointing component, and the scale. A bidirectional lead screw drives two positioning plates to move towards each other, thereby centering and fixing the workpiece on the mold base. Simultaneously, two pointing rods slide on the scale, and the camera can feed back the scale values ​​pointed to by the two pointing rods to the display screen. Since the scale values ​​on the scale are symmetrically set on both sides of the center of the mold base, the workpiece size can be obtained by multiplying the scale value by two. At the same time, the bidirectional extrusion method effectively improves the positioning effect and accuracy.

[0015] 3. This invention utilizes cooling water supplied by the cooling water pipes of the processor during processing. When the water level reaches a preset height, the surface of the scale can be cleaned by rinsing it. Furthermore, as the fixing rod of the pointing component moves with the fixing frame, it can assist in scraping away residual debris or water stains on the scale, ensuring clear graduations and guaranteeing the accuracy of camera detection. At the same time, the closing of the processing box door can prevent processing debris from splashing and external dust from entering. The setting of the bidirectional lead screw above the scale avoids the cooling water affecting the transmission components, thus maintaining a clean processing environment and ensuring stable operation of positioning detection and mechanical transmission.

[0016] 4. This invention, through the structural design of the limiting component and screen frame, balances ease of operation with stable data transmission. The cooperation of the buffer spring and the compression spring in the limiting component allows the screen frame to be vertically adjusted in height along the sliding rod and automatically reset. Furthermore, the screen frame can rotate around the sliding rod from 0-135° to accommodate different operators' viewing angles. The camera and screen frame wirelessly transmit image data via Bluetooth, avoiding data interruptions caused by tangled or worn wiring during processing box movement. The switch on the top of the screen frame directly triggers the positioning process, eliminating the need for operators to travel back and forth between the control box and the processing area, simplifying operation steps. This is particularly suitable for batch workpiece processing scenarios, further improving overall processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the positioning mechanism in this invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the screen frame in this invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the limiting component in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning method steps of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Bearing plate; 301. X-axis moving mechanism; 3011. Guide rail one; 3012. Motor one; 3013. Screw one; 3014. Guide rod; 3015. Mounting base; 302. Z-axis moving mechanism; 3021. Guide rail two; 3022. Motor two; 3023. Screw two; 4. Machining box; 401. Box door; 5. Positioning mechanism; 501. Motor three; 502. Bidirectional lead screw; 503. Fixing frame; 50 4. Positioning plate; 505. Slide rod; 506. Camera; 6. Pointing assembly; 601. L-shaped rod; 602. Fixing rod; 603. Pointing rod; 7. Scale; 8. Electric push rod; 9. Processor; 10. Control box; 11. Limiting assembly; 111. Base; 112. Slide rod; 113. Buffer spring; 114. Compression spring; 115. Top plate; 12. Screen frame; 121. Switch; 123. Protective cylinder; 13. Display screen. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning includes a frame 1, a machining box 4, a machining unit 9, and a screen frame 12. A display screen 13 is mounted on one end of the screen frame 12. A support plate 2 and a control box 10 are fixedly mounted on the top of the frame 1. An adjustment mechanism is provided on the top of the support plate 2, and an electric push rod 8 is fixedly mounted thereon. The adjustment mechanism includes an X-axis moving mechanism 301 and a Z-axis moving mechanism 302. The X-axis moving mechanism 301 and the Z-axis moving mechanism 302 respectively drive the machining box 4 to move horizontally along the X-axis and Y-axis. The processor 9 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the electric push rod 8. A door 401 is rotatably connected to one end of the processing box 4. A scale 7 and a mold base are fixedly installed inside the processing box 4, and a positioning mechanism 5 is provided. The positioning mechanism 5 includes two fixing frames 503 and a positioning plate 504. One end of each fixing frame 503 is provided with a pointing component 6, and a camera 506 is fixedly mounted thereon. The positioning mechanism 5 and the pointing component 6 work together to not only fix the workpiece in the center on the mold base, but also to monitor the workpiece's dimensions in real time. The top of the frame 1 is equipped with... With a limiting component 11, the screen frame 12 can move and rotate vertically via the limiting component 11 and can self-reset. The X-axis moving mechanism 301 includes a guide rail 3011 and a mounting base 3015. The X-axis moving mechanism 301 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support plate 2. A screw 3013 and a guide rod 3014 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide rail 3011, and a motor 3012 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall. One end of the screw 3013 passes through the guide rail 3011 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 3012. The mounting base... 3015 is threaded onto screw 3013. Mounting base 3015 is slidably mounted on guide rail 3011 and slides with the inner wall of guide rail 3011. Z-axis moving mechanism 302 includes guide rail 3021. Screw 3023 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of guide rail 3021 and motor 3022 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall. Processing box 4 is threaded onto screw 3023 and slides with the inner wall of guide rail 3021. One end of screw 3023 is fixedly connected to the output end of motor 3022.

[0021] In this embodiment, the X-axis moving mechanism 301 and the Z-axis moving mechanism 302 of the adjustment mechanism work together to achieve high-precision horizontal displacement of the processing box 4 in the X and Y axes: When it is necessary to adjust the movement of the processing box 4 along the X-axis, the control housing 10 drives the motor 3012 of the X-axis moving mechanism 301 to operate. The motor 3012 drives the screw 3013 to rotate in the guide rail 3011. Since the mounting base 3015 is threadedly connected to the screw 3013 and slides with the inner wall of the guide rail 3011, the rotational motion of the screw 3013 is converted into the linear motion of the mounting base 3015, which in turn drives the Z-axis moving mechanism 302 and the processing box 4 to move synchronously along the X-axis; When adjusting the movement of the processing box 4 along the Y-axis, the motor 3022 drives the screw 3023 to rotate. The processing box 4 slides along the inner wall of the guide rail 3021 with the rotation of the screw 3023, realizing displacement in the Y-axis direction.

[0022] Meanwhile, the electric push rod 8 and the machining unit 9 work together to adjust the machining position in the Z-axis direction: when the electric push rod 8 extends or retracts, it drives the machining unit 9 to move up and down. Combined with the displacement of the machining box 4 in the X and Y axes, the machining unit 9 can accurately align any machining point in the three-dimensional space of the workpiece. The door 401 of the machining box 4 closes during machining to prevent machining debris from splashing and external dust from entering. With the internal scale 7 and positioning mechanism 5, it can ensure a clean machining environment and provide a reference for workpiece positioning. The vertical movement and rotation function of the screen frame 12 through the limiting component 11 allows the operator to flexibly adjust the position of the display screen 13 according to the observation needs, which is convenient for real-time viewing of machining parameters and positioning data, and has strong applicability. Example 2

[0023] like Figure 4-5 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the positioning mechanism 5 further includes a motor 501, a bidirectional lead screw 502, and a slide rod 505. Both the bidirectional lead screw 502 and the slide rod 505 are rotatably connected to the processing box 4. The motor 501 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the processing box 4. One end of the bidirectional lead screw 502 passes through the processing box 4 and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 501. Two positioning plates 504 are respectively fixedly connected to two fixing brackets 503. Both fixing brackets 503 are slidably sleeved on the slide rod 505 and are threaded onto the bidirectional lead screw 505. At both ends of the lead screw 502, the pointing assembly 6 includes an L-shaped rod 601, a fixed rod 602, and a pointing rod 603. The fixed rod 602 is fixedly connected to the L-shaped rod 601 and the pointing rod 603, and is sleeved on the outer wall of the scale 7. The outer walls of the scale 7, the fixed rod 602, and the pointing rod 603 are smoothly treated. The L-shaped rod 601 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 503. The camera 506 is centrally mounted on one side of the fixing frame 503, and the shooting position is directly opposite the pointing rod 603. The pointing rod 603 is centrally mounted on the top of the fixed rod 602.

[0024] In this embodiment, the automatic centering and fixing of the workpiece is achieved through the transmission cooperation between the motor 501 of the positioning mechanism 5 and the bidirectional lead screw 502: When the motor 501 is running, it drives the bidirectional lead screw 502 to rotate. Since the two fixing brackets 503 are respectively threaded onto the two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 502, the threads at the two ends of the bidirectional lead screw rotate in opposite directions, and the fixing brackets 503 are slidably mounted on the slide rod 505, the slide rod restricts the rotation of the fixing brackets. The rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 502 is converted into relative or opposite linear motion of the two fixing brackets 503. When the fixing brackets 503 move relative to each other, they drive the positioning plate 504 to clamp the workpiece until the workpiece is in the center position of the mold base. No manual calibration is required, which improves the positioning efficiency and consistency.

[0025] Furthermore, through the coordinated action of the pointing component 6 and the camera 506, real-time monitoring of the workpiece size is achieved: when the fixed frame 503 moves, the L-shaped rod 601 drives the fixed rod 602 to slide synchronously along the scale 7, and the pointing rod 603 at the top of the fixed rod 602 is always aligned with a specific scale on the scale 7; the camera 506 captures the relative position of the pointing rod 603 and the scale 7 in the center, and after transmitting the image data to the control box 10, the system calculates the scale difference between the two fixed frames 503 to obtain the actual size of the workpiece, compares it with the preset theoretical size, and promptly feeds back the size deviation. Meanwhile, the smooth outer walls of the scale 7, the fixed rod 602, and the pointing rod 603 reduce sliding friction resistance and avoid positioning deviations caused by jamming. The shooting angle of the camera 506 facing the pointing rod 603 eliminates the influence of viewing angle deviation on scale recognition, further ensuring the accuracy of size detection. During processing, the cooling water pipe of the processor 9 delivers cooling water to the processing area. When the cooling water level reaches the preset height, the water flow can rinse and clean the surface of the scale 7. At the same time, as the pointing component 6 moves with the fixed frame 503, the fixed rod 602 and the pointing rod 603 can help scrape away the tiny debris or water stains remaining on the surface of the scale 7, ensuring that the scale of the scale 7 is always clear and ensuring the detection accuracy of the camera 506. Since the bidirectional lead screw 502 is set higher than the scale 7, the cooling water will not affect the bidirectional lead screw 502. Example 3

[0026] like Figure 6-7As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the limiting component 11 includes a base 111, a sliding rod 112 is fixedly installed on the top of the base 111, a top plate 115 is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding rod 112, a screen frame 12 is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod 112, a buffer spring 113 and a compression spring 114 are sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod 112, the two ends of the buffer spring 113 are respectively connected to the bottom of the screen frame 12 and the top of the base 111, the two ends of the compression spring 114 are respectively connected to the top of the screen frame 12 and the bottom of the top plate 115, the camera 506 is wirelessly connected to the screen frame 12 via a Bluetooth module, a switch 121 and a protective cylinder 123 are fixedly installed on the top of the screen frame 12, and the protective cylinder 123 is slidably engaged with the top plate 115.

[0027] In this embodiment, the flexible adjustment and automatic reset of the screen frame 12 are achieved through the elastic cooperation of the buffer spring 113 and the compression spring 114 of the limiting component 11: when the operator needs to adjust the height of the display screen 13, pressing down on the screen frame 12 compresses the buffer spring 113 and stretches the compression spring 114, causing the screen frame 12 to move vertically downward along the sliding rod 112; after releasing the screen frame 12, the reset force of the buffer spring and the contraction force of the compression spring work together to drive the screen frame 12 back to its initial height, eliminating the need for manual adjustment and improving operational convenience. Simultaneously, the screen frame 12 can rotate around the sliding rod 112; the gap between the sliding rod and the screen frame allows rotation, allowing the operator to adjust the display screen 13 to any angle within the range of 0-135° according to their standing position or observation habits, adapting to different operating scenarios.

[0028] Furthermore, the wireless connection via Bluetooth module and the structural design of the protective sleeve 123 ensure both data transmission stability and component protection: the camera 506 and the screen frame 12 transmit image data via Bluetooth module, replacing the traditional wired connection and avoiding data transmission interruptions caused by wire tangling or wear when the processing box 4 moves; the protective sleeve 123 on the top of the screen frame 12 slides in conjunction with the top plate 115, blocking the gap at the top of the sliding rod 112 when the screen frame 12 moves or rotates, preventing processing debris and dust from entering the sliding mating surface and extending the service life of the limiting component 11. The switch 121 on the top of the screen frame 12 can directly trigger the positioning process, eliminating the need for operators to travel between the control box 10 and the processing area, shortening the operation steps, and making it particularly suitable for batch workpiece processing scenarios.

[0029] A positioning method for a high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning includes the following steps: S1: Equipment initialization calibration, start the control box 10, input the theoretical size of the workpiece, the centering positioning reference and the processing area parameters through the display screen 13 on the screen frame 12, and simultaneously complete the focus adjustment of the camera 506 and the brightness calibration of the supplementary light to ensure clear imaging of the scale 7. S2: Initial placement of the workpiece. Open the dustproof observation window of the processing box 4 and place the workpiece to be processed on the surface of the mold base. Precise alignment is not required. After closing the dustproof observation window, trigger switch 121 to start the positioning process. S3: Mechanical centering and positioning, control the drive motor 501 of the control box 10 to rotate, drive the bidirectional lead screw 502 to rotate, so that the two fixed brackets 503 slide relative to each other along the slide bar 505. The fixed brackets 503 synchronously drive the positioning plate 504 and the pointing component 6 to move until the two positioning plates 504 are in contact with the two sides of the workpiece, and complete the mechanical centering and fixing of the workpiece. S4: Dimensional visual inspection. When the positioning plate 504 is attached to the workpiece, the camera 506 on the fixing frame 503 simultaneously captures the scale position of the pointing rod 603 of the pointing component 6 corresponding to the scale 7. The image data is transmitted to the control box 10 via the Bluetooth module. The system analyzes the scale value and calculates the actual size of the workpiece. It is then compared with the theoretical size to generate dimensional deviation data. S5: Fine-tuning of the processing position. The control box 10 drives the motor 3012 of the X-axis moving mechanism 301 and the motor 3022 of the Z-axis moving mechanism 302 to operate according to the centering positioning reference and dimensional deviation data. Through the screw 3013 and the screw 3023, the processing box 4 is moved horizontally along the X-axis and Y-axis. Combined with the real-time feedback of the grating ruler displacement sensor, the workpiece is adjusted to the preset processing position directly below the processor 9. S6: Positioning accuracy verification. After the adjustment is completed, the camera 506 takes a second picture of the scale of the pointer rod 603 and the edge of the workpiece. The control box 10 performs a double verification of the centering accuracy and position coordinates of the workpiece. When the deviation value is ≤3μm, the positioning is deemed qualified. Otherwise, repeat steps S3-S5. S7: Batch positioning adaptation. After the first workpiece is positioned and qualified, the processing flow is started. Subsequent workpieces repeat steps S2-S6. The control chassis 10 establishes an adaptation model based on the first workpiece positioning data, shortens the response time of mechanical positioning and visual inspection, and realizes rapid and accurate positioning of batch workpieces.

[0030] Working principle: After the equipment is started, initial calibration is first completed through the control chassis 10: the operator inputs the theoretical dimensions of the workpiece to be processed, the centering positioning reference, and processing-related parameters through the display screen 13 on the screen frame 12; simultaneously, the focal length of the camera 506 inside the processing box 4 is adjusted to ensure that the scale 7 fixedly installed inside the processing box 4 is clearly imaged, providing a reference for subsequent positioning and inspection. After initialization, the door 401 connected to one end of the processing box 4 is opened, and the workpiece to be processed is placed on the mold base surface inside the processing box 4 without precise alignment. After closing the door 401, the switch 121 on the top of the screen frame 12 is triggered to officially start the positioning process.

[0031] The positioning stage is divided into two steps: mechanical centering and visual inspection. Mechanical centering is achieved by the positioning mechanism 5. The control box 10 sends a command to the motor 501 fixed on the outer wall of the processing box 4. The motor 501 drives the bidirectional lead screw 502 that runs through the processing box 4 to rotate. Since the two fixing brackets 503 are respectively threaded onto the two ends of the bidirectional lead screw 502, the threads at the two ends of the bidirectional lead screw rotate in opposite directions and slide on the slide rod 505 that is rotatably connected to the processing box 4. The slide rod 505 restricts the rotation of the fixing brackets 503. The rotational motion of the bidirectional lead screw 502 is converted into the relative linear motion of the two fixing brackets 503, which in turn drives the positioning plate 504, which is fixedly connected to the fixing bracket 503, to move closer to both sides of the workpiece until the positioning plate 504 is in contact with the outer wall of the workpiece, thus completing the centering and fixing of the workpiece on the mold base. Visual inspection is performed simultaneously. When the fixed frame 503 moves, the pointing component 6 moves synchronously via the L-shaped rod 601. The fixed rod 602 of the pointing component 6 slides along the scale 7. The outer walls of the scale 7, fixed rod 602, and pointing rod 603 are all smoothed. The pointing rod 603 at the top of the fixed rod 602 is always aligned with the scale 7. The camera 506, which is centrally mounted on one side of the fixed frame 503, captures the relative position of the pointing rod 603 and the scale 7 in real time. The image data is wirelessly transmitted to the control box 10 via Bluetooth module. The system analyzes the scale value, calculates the distance between the two fixed frames 503, i.e., the actual size of the workpiece, and compares it with the theoretical size to generate dimensional deviation data.

[0032] If the workpiece dimensions are qualified, the machining position adjustment and machining execution stage begins: The control box 10 drives the adjustment mechanism to work together. In the X-axis direction, the motor 3012 of the X-axis moving mechanism 301 drives the screw 3013 in the guide rail 3011 to rotate. The mounting seat 3015, which is threaded to the screw 3013, slides the guide rod 3014 along the inner wall of the guide rail 3011 to ensure smooth sliding, driving the Z-axis moving mechanism 302 and the machining box 4 to move along the X-axis. In the Y-axis direction, the motor 3022 of the Z-axis moving mechanism 302 drives the screw 3023 in the guide rail 3021 to rotate, and the machining box 4 slides along the inner wall of the guide rail 3021 to achieve Y-axis displacement. In the Z-axis direction, the electric push rod 8 fixed on the top of the bearing plate 2 extends and retracts, driving the output end of the machining device 9 to move up and down, so that the machining device 9 is precisely aligned with the workpiece machining area. During processing, the door 401 is closed to prevent processing debris from splashing and external dust from entering. During batch processing, the control box 10 establishes an adaptation model based on the positioning data of the first piece, shortening the positioning response time of subsequent workpieces. The screen frame 12 can be flexibly adjusted in position through the limiting component 11. The buffer spring 113 and the compression spring 114 of the limiting component 11 realize the height adjustment and automatic reset of the screen frame 12. The screen frame 12 can rotate around the sliding rod 112, which makes it convenient for operators to view the processing parameters and positioning data in real time through the display screen 13, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the equipment. During processing, the cooling water pipe of the processor 9 delivers cooling water to the processing area. When the cooling water level reaches the preset height, the water flow can rinse and clean the surface of the scale 7. At the same time, as the pointing component 6 moves with the fixed frame 503, the fixed rod 602 and the pointing rod 603 can help scrape off the small debris or water stains remaining on the surface of the scale 7, ensuring that the scale of the scale 7 is always clear and ensuring the detection accuracy of the camera 506.

Claims

1. A high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning, comprising a frame (1), a machining box (4), a machining tool (9), and a screen frame (12), wherein a display screen (13) is installed at one end of the screen frame (12), a support plate (2) and a control box (10) are fixedly installed on the top of the frame (1), an adjustment mechanism is provided on the top of the support plate (2), and an electric push rod (8) is fixedly installed thereon, wherein the adjustment mechanism comprises an X-axis moving mechanism (301) and a Z-axis moving mechanism (302), wherein the X-axis moving mechanism (301) and the Z-axis moving mechanism (302) respectively drive the machining box (4) to move horizontally along the X-axis and Y-axis, wherein the machining tool (9) is fixedly installed on the output end of the electric push rod (8), and a door (401) is rotatably connected to one end of the machining box (4), characterized in that: The processing box (4) is fixedly installed with a scale (7) and a mold base, and is provided with a positioning mechanism (5). The positioning mechanism (5) includes two fixing frames (503) and a positioning plate (504). One end of each of the two fixing frames (503) is provided with a pointing component (6), and a camera (506) is fixedly installed thereon. The positioning mechanism (5) and the pointing component (6) work together to not only fix the workpiece in the center on the mold base, but also to monitor the size of the workpiece in real time. The top of the frame (1) is provided with a limiting component (11). The screen frame (12) moves vertically and rotates through the limiting component (11) and can reset itself.

2. The high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning mechanism (5) further includes a motor (501), a two-way lead screw (502), and a slide rod (505). The two-way lead screw (502) and the slide rod (505) are rotatably connected to the processing box (4). The motor (501) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the processing box (4). One end of the two-way lead screw (502) passes through the processing box (4) and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (501). The two positioning plates (504) are fixedly connected to the two fixing frames (503) respectively. The two fixing frames (503) are slidably sleeved on the slide rod (505) and threadedly sleeved at both ends of the two-way lead screw (502).

3. The high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pointing component (6) includes an L-shaped rod (601), a fixed rod (602), and a pointing rod (603). The fixed rod (602) is fixedly connected to the L-shaped rod (601) and the pointing rod (603) and is sleeved on the outer wall of the scale (7). The outer walls of the scale (7), the fixed rod (602), and the pointing rod (603) are smooth. The L-shaped rod (601) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (503). The camera (506) is centrally mounted on one side of the fixing frame (503) and the shooting position is directly opposite the pointing rod (603). The pointing rod (603) is centrally mounted on the top of the fixed rod (602).

4. The high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting component (11) includes a base (111), a sliding rod (112) is fixedly installed on the top of the base (111), a top plate (115) is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding rod (112), the screen frame (12) is slidably sleeved on the sliding rod (112), a buffer spring (113) and a compression spring (114) are sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod (112), the two ends of the buffer spring (113) are respectively connected to the bottom of the screen frame (12) and the top of the base (111), the two ends of the compression spring (114) are respectively connected to the top of the screen frame (12) and the bottom of the top plate (115), and the camera (506) is wirelessly connected to the screen frame (12) via a Bluetooth module.

5. The high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to claim 4, characterized in that: A switch (121) and a protective cylinder (123) are fixedly installed on the top of the screen frame (12), and the protective cylinder (123) slides in cooperation with the top plate (115).

6. The high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis moving mechanism (301) includes a guide rail (3011) and a mounting base (3015). The X-axis moving mechanism (301) is fixedly installed on the top of the bearing plate (2). The inner wall of the guide rail (3011) is rotatably connected to a screw (3013) and a guide rod (3014), and the outer wall is fixedly installed with a motor (3012). One end of the screw (3013) passes through the guide rail (3011) and is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (3012). The mounting base (3015) is threaded onto the screw (3013). The mounting base (3015) is slidably sleeved on the guide rail (3011) and slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the guide rail (3011).

7. The high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to claim 6, characterized in that: The Z-axis moving mechanism (302) includes a second guide rail (3021), a second screw (3023) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second guide rail (3021), and a second motor (3022) is fixedly installed on the outer wall. The processing box (4) is threaded onto the second screw (3023) and slides with the inner wall of the second guide rail (3021). One end of the second screw (3023) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (3022).

8. The positioning method for a high-precision three-axis EDM machine tool with integrated vision positioning according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Initialize and calibrate the equipment. Start the control box (10). Input the theoretical size of the workpiece, the centering positioning reference and the processing area parameters through the display screen (13) on the screen frame (12). Simultaneously complete the focal length adjustment of the camera (506) and the brightness calibration of the supplementary light to ensure that the scale (7) is clearly imaged. S2: Initial placement of the workpiece, opening the dustproof observation window of the processing box (4), placing the workpiece to be processed on the surface of the mold base, no precise alignment is required, and after closing the dustproof observation window, triggering the switch (121) to start the positioning process; S3: Mechanical centering positioning, the control box (10) drives the motor three (501) to operate, driving the bidirectional lead screw (502) to rotate, so that the two fixed frames (503) slide relative to each other along the slide bar (505), and the fixed frames (503) synchronously drive the positioning plate (504) and the pointing component (6) to move until the two positioning plates (504) are in contact with both sides of the workpiece, thus completing the mechanical centering and fixing of the workpiece; S4: Visual size inspection. When the positioning plate (504) is attached to the workpiece, the camera (506) on the fixing frame (503) simultaneously captures the scale position of the pointing rod (603) of the pointing component (6) corresponding to the scale (7). The image data is transmitted to the control box (10) through the Bluetooth module. The system analyzes the scale value and calculates the actual size of the workpiece. It compares the actual size with the theoretical size to generate size deviation data. S5: Fine-tuning of the processing position. The control box (10) drives the motor one (3012) of the X-axis moving mechanism (301) and the motor two (3022) of the Z-axis moving mechanism (302) to operate according to the centering positioning reference and size deviation data. The screw one (3013) and the screw two (3023) drive the processing box (4) to move horizontally along the X-axis and Y-axis. Combined with the real-time feedback of the grating ruler displacement sensor, the workpiece is adjusted to the preset processing position directly below the processor (9). S6: Positioning accuracy verification. After the adjustment is completed, the camera (506) takes a second picture of the scale of the pointer rod (603) and the edge image of the workpiece. The control box (10) performs a double verification of the centering accuracy and position coordinates of the workpiece. When the deviation value is ≤3μm, the positioning is deemed qualified. Otherwise, repeat steps S3-S5. S7: Batch positioning adaptation. After the first workpiece is positioned and qualified, the processing flow is started. Subsequent workpieces repeat steps S2-S6. The control box (10) establishes an adaptation model based on the first workpiece positioning data, shortens the response time of mechanical positioning and visual inspection, and realizes rapid and accurate positioning of batch workpieces.

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