Unmanned aerial vehicle for surveying topography and landform

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles, and discloses a landform reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle which comprises a vehicle body, a reconnaissance camera is installed on one side of the vehicle body, a mounting frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vehicle body, a fixing frame is installed on the mounting frame, a pressurizing mechanism is rotationally connected to the fixing frame, and a transmission mechanism is rotationally connected to one side of the fixing frame. One end of the fixing frame is rotatably connected with an overturning frame, the overturning frame is fixedly connected with a plurality of placing pipes, flagpoles used for physical marking are arranged in the placing pipes in a sliding fit mode, and limiting mechanisms used for limiting the flagpoles are arranged at the positions, located at the bottom ends of the placing pipes, of the overturning frame in a sliding fit mode. The surveying camera is driven by the machine body to survey the terrain below from the air, and when fixed-point marking is needed, the pressurizing mechanism can move downwards to make contact with the limiting mechanism and drive the limiting mechanism to move away, so that the flagpole in the containing pipe can be pushed out and inserted into the fixed-point ground, and on-site checking and supplementary measurement of surveyors are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surveying drone technology, specifically a drone for topographic and geomorphological surveying. Background Technology

[0002] Topographic and geomorphological surveying drones are widely used in fields such as geographic surveying, environmental monitoring, land management, urban planning, and forestry surveys. They have become an important supplement to traditional ground surveying and manned space surveying technologies, and have even achieved technological substitution in some scenarios, greatly promoting the development of the surveying industry towards high efficiency, precision, and intelligence.

[0003] The prior art publication CN114426097A provides a UAV for topographic surveying, which utilizes the UAV to drive multiple camera modules to fly along a set flight path or according to remote control commands. During flight, the cameras of the multiple camera modules can acquire images of the terrain environment through acquisition ports and transmit the acquired image information to a smart terminal in real time, thereby facilitating the mapping of terrain features based on the image information. Simultaneously, during image acquisition, when it is necessary to adjust the camera angle of the camera modules, the drive mechanism is activated, simultaneously moving multiple camera modules, thus allowing the multiple camera modules to adjust their camera angles synchronously, making control convenient; and the synchronous movement of multiple camera modules does not interfere with the flight of the UAV, resulting in good operational coordination and easier control of the UAV.

[0004] Existing technologies use cameras to collect images of terrain and landforms. However, when marking is required on the ground, existing technologies can only perform electronic marking, which is not convenient for physical marking at the required locations. Data from traditional electronic marking can only be viewed within the system. If on-site verification is required later, it is difficult to find the target location if the equipment data is lost or the signal is interrupted. This makes it impossible to ensure the accuracy and verifiability of the data, affecting the efficiency of surveying. To address this, we propose a drone for terrain and landform surveying. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a drone for topographic and geomorphological surveying to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a drone for topographic and geomorphological surveying, comprising a body, a surveying camera mounted on one side of the body, a mounting frame fixedly connected to the bottom of the body, a fixed frame mounted on the mounting frame, a pressure mechanism rotatably connected to the fixed frame, a transmission mechanism rotatably connected to one side of the fixed frame, a flipping frame rotatably connected to one end of the fixed frame, a plurality of placement tubes fixedly connected to the flipping frame, a flagpole for physical marking slidably fitted inside the placement tube, and a limiting mechanism for limiting the flagpole slidably fitted at the bottom end of the flipping frame.

[0007] Preferably, the inner walls on both sides of the mounting bracket are slidably fitted with snap-fit ​​strips, one side of the outer end of the snap-fit ​​strip is provided with an inclined surface, and a spring is fixedly connected to the inner end of the snap-fit ​​strip, the other end of the spring being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting bracket.

[0008] Preferably, the inner wall of the fixing frame has two symmetrical slots, and the inner wall of the slots is movably engaged with the outer end of the locking strip.

[0009] Preferably, the pressurizing mechanism includes a reciprocating lead screw, both ends of which are rotatably connected to a fixed frame. An adjusting seat is slidably fitted on the outer wall of the reciprocating lead screw, the upper surface of the adjusting seat is slidably in contact with the fixed frame, an electric actuator is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting seat, and a pressurizing sleeve is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric actuator. The bottom end of the pressurizing sleeve is movably in contact with the top end of the flagpole.

[0010] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a universal joint, which is rotatably connected to the fixed frame. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the universal joint, and a driving wheel is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. A driven wheel is fixedly connected to one end of the reciprocating screw, and the driven wheel meshes with the driving wheel for transmission.

[0011] Preferably, a motor is fixedly connected to one end of the tilting frame, and the motor is fixedly connected to the fixed frame. A geared disc is fixedly connected to the other end of the tilting frame. The inner wall of the geared disc has a ring structure with multiple transmission teeth rotatably connected. A tension spring is fixedly connected to the transmission teeth. The other end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the geared disc. A slotted gear is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the geared disc. The grooves on the inner wall of the slotted gear are movably engaged with the transmission teeth for transmission. A transmission wheel is fixedly connected to the other end of the universal joint. The slotted gear is engaged with the transmission wheel for transmission.

[0012] Preferably, a marking flag is wound around the outer wall of the flagpole, and the bottom end of the flagpole is set in a conical structure.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate, which is slidably coupled to the inner wall of the flipping frame. A plurality of springs are fixedly connected to one side of the limiting plate, and the other end of each spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flipping frame. A pull ring is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting plate.

[0014] Preferably, a connecting rod assembly is rotatably connected to the limiting plate, and a transmission rod is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting rod assembly. The transmission rod is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the placement tube, and an adjusting wheel is fixedly connected to the top end of the transmission rod.

[0015] Preferably, an adjusting rack is provided on one side of the adjusting wheel for meshing transmission, and a contact block is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting rack. The contact block has an inclined surface, and the inclined surface of the contact block is slidably in contact with the outer wall of the pressure sleeve. A slider is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the contact block, and the slider is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the flipping frame.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention utilizes a drone-mounted survey camera to survey the terrain from the air. When fixed-point marking is required, the drone descends to the designated location, the tilting frame tilts downwards and rises, and then a pressure mechanism moves downwards, contacting and moving a limiting mechanism to allow the flagpole inside the tube to be pushed out and inserted into the ground at the designated point. This facilitates on-site verification and supplementary measurements by surveyors. In some high-risk survey scenarios, such as mining subsidence areas, cliff slopes, and areas surrounding epidemic sources, the risk of manual entry is extremely high. Traditional drones can only take pictures from a distance and cannot leave intuitive ground markings. Subsequent on-site exploration by personnel can easily lead to accidental entry into dangerous areas. However, drones equipped with marking flags can complete the marking from a safe distance, clearly delineating dangerous boundaries. At the same time, for areas that are inaccessible to personnel, such as around power transmission lines and wildlife reserves, drone-based flag placement eliminates the need for personnel to enter, completing the survey and marking task while avoiding contact between personnel and dangerous facilities or wild animals, ensuring the safety of the operators. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a drone used for topographic and geomorphological surveying. Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a partial unfolded schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting bracket and the like of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressurization mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6This is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure of the flipping frame of the present invention. Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure of the placement tube and flagpole of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Body; 2. Survey camera; 3. Mounting bracket; 4. Fixing bracket; 5. Pressurizing mechanism; 6. Transmission mechanism; 7. Tilting frame; 8. Placement tube; 9. Flagpole; 10. Limiting mechanism; 301. Snap-fit ​​strip; 302. Spring 1; 401. Slot; 501. Reciprocating lead screw; 502. Adjusting seat; 503. Electric actuator; 504. Pressurizing sleeve; 505. Driven wheel; 601. Universal joint; 602. Rotary... Shaft; 603, Drive wheel; 604, Transmission wheel; 701, Motor; 702, Gear disc; 703, Transmission gear; 704, Tension spring; 705, Slotted gear; 901, Marking flag; 1001, Limiting plate; 1002, Spring II; 1003, Connecting rod assembly; 1004, Transmission rod; 1005, Adjusting wheel; 1006, Adjusting rack; 1007, Contact block; 1008, Slider; 1009, Pull ring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 9 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a drone for terrain and landform surveying, comprising a body 1, a survey camera 2 mounted on one side of the body 1, a mounting frame 3 fixedly connected to the bottom of the body 1, a fixing frame 4 mounted on the mounting frame 3, a pressure mechanism 5 rotatably connected to the fixing frame 4, a transmission mechanism 6 rotatably connected to one side of the fixing frame 4, a flipping frame 7 rotatably connected to one end of the fixing frame 4, multiple placement tubes 8 fixedly connected to the flipping frame 7, flagpoles 9 for physical marking slidably fitted inside the placement tubes 8, and a limiting mechanism 10 for limiting the flagpoles 9 slidably fitted at the bottom end of the flipping frame 7 at the placement tubes 8. The body 1 adopts a one-piece carbon fiber molded structure, which is lightweight and high-strength, suitable for the high-speed flight and hovering requirements during terrain surveying.

[0021] Furthermore, the drone 1 drives the survey camera 2 to survey the terrain below from the air. When fixed-point marking is required, the drone 1 descends to the fixed position, the flipping frame 7 flips downward and stands upright, and then the pressure mechanism 5 moves down, which will contact and drive the limiting mechanism 10 to move away, so that the flagpole 9 in the placement tube 8 can be pushed out and inserted into the ground at the fixed point, which is convenient for surveyors to verify and supplement the measurement on site. In some high-risk survey scenarios, such as mining subsidence areas, cliff slopes, and areas around epidemic sources, the risk of manual operation is extremely high. Traditional drones can only take pictures from a distance and cannot leave intuitive ground markings. When personnel conduct on-site exploration later, they are likely to accidentally enter dangerous areas. However, drones with the function of inserting marking flags can complete the marking from a safe distance and clearly delineate dangerous boundaries. At the same time, for areas that are inconvenient for personnel to approach, such as around power transmission lines and wildlife reserves, drones can insert flags without personnel venturing in, which can complete the survey and marking task and avoid personnel from coming into contact with dangerous facilities and wild animals, thus ensuring the safety of operators.

[0022] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the inner walls on both sides of the mounting bracket 3 are slidably fitted with snap-fit ​​strips 301. One side of the outer end of the snap-fit ​​strip 301 is provided with an inclined surface. The inner end of the snap-fit ​​strip 301 is fixedly connected with a spring 302. The other end of the spring 302 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting bracket 3.

[0023] Furthermore, the snap-fit ​​strip 301 and spring 302 form a quick-locking structure. When installing the mounting bracket 4, align the slot 401 of the mounting bracket 4 with the mounting frame 3. The mounting bracket 4 presses against the inclined surface of the snap-fit ​​strip 301, causing the snap-fit ​​strip 301 to retract inward and compress the spring 302. When the mounting bracket 4 is fully in place, the spring 302 elastically returns to its original position, pushing the outer end of the snap-fit ​​strip 301 into the slot 401 of the mounting bracket 4, thus achieving quick locking of the mounting bracket 4. During disassembly, simply press the snap-fit ​​strip 301 to release the locking constraint and remove the mounting bracket 4. This structure requires no additional tools, improving disassembly and assembly efficiency by more than 80%, and facilitating component replacement and maintenance during field operations.

[0024] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the inner wall of the fixing frame 4 has two symmetrical slots 401, and the inner wall of the slots 401 is movably connected to the outer end of the snap-fit ​​strip 301.

[0025] Furthermore, the inner wall of the slot 401 is polished to reduce the frictional resistance with the snap-fit ​​strip 301. The symmetrical layout of the slot 401 ensures that the fixing frame 4 is subjected to uniform force, avoids component tilting caused by unilateral snap-fit, and ensures the accuracy of the flag insertion action.

[0026] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 4As shown, the pressurizing mechanism 5 includes a reciprocating screw 501. Both ends of the reciprocating screw 501 are rotatably connected to the fixed frame 4. An adjusting seat 502 is slidably fitted on the outer wall of the reciprocating screw 501. The upper surface of the adjusting seat 502 is slidably in contact with the fixed frame 4. An electric push rod 503 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting seat 502. A pressurizing sleeve 504 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 503. The bottom end of the pressurizing sleeve 504 is movably in contact with the top end of the flagpole 9.

[0027] Furthermore, when the reciprocating screw 501 rotates, it drives the adjusting seat 502 to move horizontally along the fixed frame 4, which can precisely adjust the alignment of the pressure sleeve 504 with the flagpoles 9 in different placement tubes 8, adapting to the sequential pressure requirements of multiple flagpoles 9; the electric actuator 503 provides stable downward pressure, and the pressure range can be adjusted according to different ground hardness such as soil and gravel, ensuring that the flagpole 9 is inserted to the required depth and is not easily blown over by the wind.

[0028] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the transmission mechanism 6 includes a universal joint 601, which is rotatably connected to the fixed frame 4. A rotating shaft 602 is fixedly connected to one end of the universal joint 601, and a driving wheel 603 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 602. A driven wheel 505 is fixedly connected to one end of the reciprocating screw 501, and the driven wheel 505 and the driving wheel 603 are meshed and transmitted.

[0029] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism 6 enables the automatic switching of the position of the pressure sleeve 504 in the pressure mechanism 5 while simultaneously rotating the frame 7.

[0030] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a motor 701 is fixedly connected to one end of the tilting frame 7, and the motor 701 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 4. A gear plate 702 is fixedly connected to the other end of the tilting frame 7. The inner wall of the gear plate 702 has a ring structure with multiple transmission teeth 703 rotatably connected. A tension spring 704 is fixedly connected to the transmission teeth 703. The other end of the tension spring 704 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the gear plate 702. A slotted gear 705 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the gear plate 702. The grooves on the inner wall of the slotted gear 705 are movably meshed with the transmission teeth 703 for transmission. A transmission wheel 604 is fixedly connected to the other end of the universal joint 601. The slotted gear 705 meshes with the transmission wheel 604 for transmission.

[0031] Furthermore, the tension spring 704 enables unidirectional transmission of the transmission gear 703.

[0032] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 8As shown, a marking flag 901 is wrapped around the outer wall of the flagpole 9, and the bottom of the flagpole 9 is set in a conical structure. The marking flag 901 is made of highly reflective colored nylon cloth, which has high visibility and can be clearly identified from a distance; the bottom of the flagpole 9 is set in a conical structure to facilitate quick penetration into the ground.

[0033] Furthermore, the flagpole 9 is made of lightweight, high-strength fiberglass, ensuring stability after insertion into the ground without increasing the load on the drone. The marker flag 901 is coiled around the middle of the flagpole 9; when the flagpole 9 is inserted into the ground, the marker flag 901 automatically unfolds, forming a conspicuous mark. The marker flag 901 is waterproof and sun-resistant, and can remain in the field for more than a month. Its tapered base design adapts to various terrains, enabling effective insertion even on gravel surfaces.

[0034] In the preferred embodiment of this technical solution, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the limiting mechanism 10 includes a limiting plate 1001, which is slidably coupled to the inner wall of the flipping frame 7. A plurality of springs 1002 are fixedly connected to one side of the limiting plate 1001, and the other end of the springs 1002 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flipping frame 7. A pull ring 1009 is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting plate 1001.

[0035] A connecting rod assembly 1003 is rotatably connected to the limiting plate 1001. A transmission rod 1004 is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting rod assembly 1003. The transmission rod 1004 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the placement tube 8. An adjusting wheel 1005 is fixedly connected to the top of the transmission rod 1004.

[0036] An adjusting rack 1006 is provided on one side of the adjusting wheel 1005 for meshing transmission. A contact block 1007 is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting rack 1006. An inclined surface is provided on the contact block 1007. The inclined surface of the contact block 1007 is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the pressure sleeve 504. A slider 1008 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the contact block 1007. The slider 1008 is in sliding cooperation with the inner wall of the tilting frame 7.

[0037] Furthermore, in the non-operational state, spring 1002 pushes the limiting plate 1001 to block the bottom opening of the placement tube 8, confining the flagpole 9 within the placement tube 8 to prevent it from falling off during drone flight. When the pressure sleeve 504 presses down onto the inclined surface of the contact block 1007, it pushes the contact block 1007 to move horizontally, causing the adjusting rack 1006 to engage the adjusting wheel 1005 to rotate. The adjusting wheel 1005, through the transmission rod 1004 and the connecting rod group 1003, pulls the limiting plate 1001 away, releasing the limitation on the flagpole 9. This limiting mechanism 10 is linked to the pressure mechanism 5, requiring no additional power source, and achieving an integrated action of "pressure application - unlocking - flag insertion," with a compact structure and high reliability.

[0038] Working principle: The flag-marking function of the UAV used for local topographic surveying achieves efficient physical marking of topographic survey points through the coordinated actions of attitude switching of the flipping frame 7, precise drive of the pressurization mechanism 5, and linkage unlocking of the limiting mechanism 10. The specific workflow is as follows: Align the slot 401 of the mounting bracket 4 with the mounting bracket 3. The mounting bracket 4 presses against the inclined surface of the locking strip 301, causing the locking strip 301 to retract inward and compress the spring 302. When the mounting bracket 4 is fully in place, the spring 302 elastically returns to its original position, pushing the outer end of the locking strip 301 into the slot 401 of the mounting bracket 4, thus achieving rapid locking of the mounting bracket 4. At this time, the flipping frame 7 is in a horizontal storage state. Under the action of the spring 1002, the limiting plate 1001 of the limiting mechanism 10 restricts the flagpole 9 with the marking flag 901 wrapped around it within the placement tube 8, preventing the flagpole 9 from falling off during drone flight.

[0039] The drone, equipped with a survey camera 2, flies to the target survey area, locks onto the points to be marked using GPS and visual positioning technology, and then descends to the ground. Motor 701 is activated, driving the tilting frame 7 to tilt downwards, maintaining its perpendicularity to the ground.

[0040] When the electric actuator 503 is activated, it pushes the pressure sleeve 504 downward. The pressure sleeve 504 contacts the inclined surface of the contact block 1007, pushing the contact block 1007 to move horizontally. The contact block 1007 drives the adjusting rack 1006 to mesh with the adjusting wheel 1005 to rotate. The adjusting wheel 1005 pulls the limiting plate 1001 away through the transmission rod 1004 and the connecting rod group 1003, releasing the limiting constraint on the flagpole 9.

[0041] The pressure sleeve 504 continues to press down, applying a stable downward pressure to the flagpole 9. Under the combined action of gravity and downward pressure, the flagpole 9 quickly slides out of the placement tube 8, its conical bottom end piercing the ground. Simultaneously, the marking flag 901 wrapped around the outer wall of the flagpole 9 automatically unfolds, forming a highly recognizable physical marker. After the flag is inserted, the electric actuator 503 drives the pressure sleeve 504 to move upward and reset, the contact block 1007 loses pressure, and the spring 1002 pushes the limit plate 1001 to reset.

[0042] After the marking is completed, the motor 701 rotates in the reverse direction, causing the flipping frame 7 to flip upwards to a horizontal storage state. At this time, the flipping frame 7 will drive the connected gear plate 702 to rotate. Under the action of the tension spring 704, the transmission teeth 703 in the gear plate 702 will mesh with the grooves in the slotted gear 705, thereby driving the slotted gear 705 to rotate. At this time, the slotted gear 705 will drive the transmission wheel 604 to rotate, causing the transmission wheel 604 to drive the rotating shaft 602 connected to the universal joint 601 to rotate, so that the rotating shaft 602 can drive the driving wheel 603 to rotate, so that the driving wheel 603 can drive the reciprocating screw 501 connected to the driven wheel 505 to rotate, so that the reciprocating screw 501 can drive the adjusting seat 502 to move, so that the pressure sleeve 504 can move above the next flagpole 9 for the next marking. If it needs to be used again, the limit plate 1001 can be manually pulled open through the pull ring 1009, and a new flagpole 9 can be inserted into the placement tube 8 to repeat the operation.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A topographic and geomorphological surveying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), comprising an airframe (1), characterized in that: A survey camera (2) is installed on one side of the body (1). A mounting frame (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the body (1). A fixed frame (4) is installed on the mounting frame (3). A pressure mechanism (5) is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (4). A transmission mechanism (6) is rotatably connected to one side of the fixed frame (4). A flipping frame (7) is rotatably connected to one end of the fixed frame (4). Multiple placement tubes (8) are fixedly connected to the flipping frame (7). A flagpole (9) for physical marking is slidably fitted inside the placement tube (8). A limiting mechanism (10) for limiting the flagpole (9) is slidably fitted at the bottom end of the placement tube (8) of the flipping frame (7).

2. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (3) has a snap-fit ​​strip (301) slidably fitted on both sides of the inner wall. The snap-fit ​​strip (301) has an inclined surface on one side of its outer end. The snap-fit ​​strip (301) has a spring (302) fixedly connected to its inner end. The other end of the spring (302) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting bracket (3).

3. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fixing frame (4) has two symmetrical slots (401), and the inner wall of the slots (401) is movably connected to the outer end of the snap-fit ​​strip (301).

4. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing mechanism (5) includes a reciprocating screw (501), both ends of which are rotatably connected to the fixed frame (4). An adjusting seat (502) is slidably fitted on the outer wall of the reciprocating screw (501). The upper surface of the adjusting seat (502) is slidably contacted with the fixed frame (4). An electric push rod (503) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting seat (502). A pressurizing sleeve (504) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (503). The bottom end of the pressurizing sleeve (504) is movably contacted with the top end of the flagpole (9).

5. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (6) includes a universal joint (601), which is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (4). A rotating shaft (602) is fixedly connected to one end of the universal joint (601), and a driving wheel (603) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (602). A driven wheel (505) is fixedly connected to one end of the reciprocating screw (501), and the driven wheel (505) meshes with the driving wheel (603) for transmission.

6. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the tilting frame (7) is fixedly connected to a motor (701), and the motor (701) is fixedly connected to the fixed frame (4). The other end of the tilting frame (7) is fixedly connected to a gear plate (702). The inner wall of the gear plate (702) has a ring structure with multiple transmission teeth (703) rotatably connected. A tension spring (704) is fixedly connected to the transmission teeth (703). The other end of the tension spring (704) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the gear plate (702). The outer wall of the gear plate (702) is rotatably connected to a slotted gear (705). The grooves on the inner wall of the slotted gear (705) are movably meshed with the transmission teeth (703) for transmission. The other end of the universal joint (601) is fixedly connected to a transmission wheel (604). The slotted gear (705) is meshed with the transmission wheel (604) for transmission.

7. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flagpole (9) has a marking flag (901) wrapped around its outer wall, and the bottom end of the flagpole (9) is set in a conical structure.

8. The UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism (10) includes a limiting plate (1001), which is slidably engaged with the inner wall of the flipping frame (7). A plurality of springs (1002) are fixedly connected to one side of the limiting plate (1001), and the other end of the springs (1002) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the flipping frame (7). A pull ring (1009) is fixedly connected to one side of the limiting plate (1001).

9. A UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 8, characterized in that: A connecting rod assembly (1003) is rotatably connected to the limiting plate (1001), and a transmission rod (1004) is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting rod assembly (1003). The transmission rod (1004) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the placement tube (8), and an adjusting wheel (1005) is fixedly connected to the top end of the transmission rod (1004).

10. A UAV for topographic and geomorphological surveying according to claim 9, characterized in that: The adjusting wheel (1005) is equipped with an adjusting rack (1006) on one side for meshing transmission. A contact block (1007) is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting rack (1006). An inclined surface is provided on the contact block (1007). The inclined surface of the contact block (1007) is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the pressure sleeve (504). A slider (1008) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the contact block (1007). The slider (1008) is in sliding cooperation with the inner wall of the flipping frame (7).

Images