Orbital transfer type automatic material guiding device and material guiding method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco processing equipment, and relates to an orbital transfer type automatic guide device and a guide method.The device comprises a grading and uniformizing module and a grading orbital transfer guide module which share one conveying belt, and the grading and uniformizing module is sequentially provided with a two-stage tobacco leaf uniformizing mechanism composed of centrosymmetric spiral structure guide shifting rollers in the conveying direction; the grading track-changing material guide module is provided with a plurality of track-changing material guide mechanisms consisting of spiral material guide shifting rollers and longitudinal belt conveyors; the problems that in the prior art, the material uniformizing effect is poor, material guiding distribution is unbalanced, and material blocking is likely to happen are effectively solved, the occurrence rate of material blocking is greatly reduced, production continuity is guaranteed, and frequent manual intervention is not needed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of tobacco processing equipment, and particularly relates to a variable-rail automatic material guiding device and a material guiding method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the cigarette production process, the automatic material guiding device refers to a device system that realizes automatic directional conveying, shunting and uniform distribution of tobacco through mechanical, electrical or pneumatic control. The automatic material guiding device plays a key role in improving production efficiency and stabilizing product quality. The automatic material guiding device is the "intelligent blood vessel" of the cigarette automatic production line, which ensures the continuity, stability and consistency of the production process through precise and efficient material flow, and reduces labor costs and raw material loss.

[0003] However, the existing automatic material guiding device has the following disadvantages: Limited uniform material effect and poor material distribution uniformity: the existing technology usually adopts a single-stage uniform material roller structure with a material tooth, which can only realize the preliminary dispersion of tobacco leaves, cannot cope with the typical scenario of "character-shaped" concentrated distribution of upstream tobacco leaves, and has no material height detection and uniform material strength dynamic adjustment mechanism. The uniform material strength is fixed, and local material accumulation or excessive dispersion may cause tobacco damage (such as invention CN220222779U); the existing technology adopts a fixed structure of horizontal and vertical uniform material components, which cannot adjust the uniform material parameters according to the real-time changes of the material thickness and flow, the thickness deviation of the material along the conveying direction and the width direction is large, and the uniformity is significantly affected by the material state (such as invention CN222138100U). Insufficient material guiding distribution adaptability, unable to meet the needs of wide-width equipment: the existing technology only completes single-channel conveying after uniform material, does not involve multi-region distribution design, and cannot uniformly guide the material to the downstream wide-width processing equipment; the material distribution range of the existing technology only adapts to the opening width of the carton, the material guiding channel is fixed, and has no horizontal position adjustment function, which cannot flexibly adjust the material falling coverage range according to the width of the downstream equipment, and easily causes local over-thickness and local vacancy of the downstream wide-width belt, affecting the subsequent processing quality stability. Lack of anti-blocking and loosening mechanism, poor production continuity: the existing technology has no automatic loosening means when the tobacco flowability is poor, the material flow suddenly changes or the material accumulates at the junction of the uniform material component and the conveying mechanism, which needs manual shutdown for cleaning, easily causes material blocking and cutting, leads to production interruption and reduces production efficiency. Low automation level, insufficient adjustment precision and timeliness: the core work of the existing technology depends on the fixed action of the mechanical structure, and does not form a closed-loop control logic of "detection-feedback-execution". When the downstream material distribution deviates or the material state changes, manual intervention is needed to adjust the equipment position, speed and other parameters, the adjustment lag is strong, and the precision is greatly affected by the experience of the operator, which cannot meet the needs of continuous and stable operation of the large-scale production line.

[0004] Therefore, an automatic tobacco guiding device with better tobacco uniformizing effect and uniform material distribution is needed to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides the following technical scheme: an automatic variable-rail guiding device, comprising: a hierarchical uniformizing module and a hierarchical variable-rail guiding module sharing a conveying belt, the hierarchical uniformizing module is located at a conveying front section of the conveying belt, and the hierarchical variable-rail guiding module is located at a conveying rear section of the conveying belt.

[0006] The hierarchical uniformizing module is sequentially provided with a first tobacco uniformizing mechanism and a second tobacco uniformizing mechanism along the conveying direction of the conveying belt, the first tobacco uniformizing mechanism and the second tobacco uniformizing mechanism are each provided with a centrally symmetric spiral structure guiding and poking roller, the cylindrical surface of the centrally symmetric spiral structure guiding and poking roller is provided with a spiral poking piece along the axial length direction, the two ends of the centrally symmetric spiral structure guiding and poking roller are respectively connected to a rack through a rotating shaft, and the centrally symmetric spiral structure guiding and poking roller is connected to a driving motor through a torque; the rack is provided with a first grating and a second grating for monitoring the height of tobacco located in front of the first tobacco uniformizing mechanism and in front of the second tobacco uniformizing mechanism, respectively; and the installation height of the second tobacco uniformizing mechanism above the conveying belt is less than the installation height of the first tobacco uniformizing mechanism above the conveying belt. Through the two-stage tobacco uniformizing mechanism and the centrally symmetric spiral structure guiding and poking roller, the tobacco distributed in a "Chinese character" shape on the conveying belt can be effectively uniformized. The first tobacco uniformizing mechanism performs preliminary uniformization on the tobacco conveyed from the upstream, and can preliminarily disperse the higher tobacco pile due to the relatively high installation height. As the tobacco continues to be conveyed to the second tobacco uniformizing mechanism, the tobacco can be further finely uniformized due to the lower installation height, so that the distribution of the tobacco on the conveying belt is more uniform. At the same time, the first grating and the second grating monitor the height of the tobacco in real time, and the control system adjusts the rotating speed of the centrally symmetric spiral structure guiding and poking roller according to the monitoring data, so as to realize dynamic adjustment of the uniformization strength, avoid the problem of local material accumulation or excessive scattering leading to tobacco damage, and effectively improve the uniformization effect and the uniformity of material distribution. Moreover, this hierarchical uniformization mode can cope with the typical scene of concentrated distribution of upstream tobacco, and has stronger adaptability and better uniformization performance compared with the existing single-stage uniformization roller structure. The hierarchical variable track guide module is provided with a plurality of variable track guide mechanisms, the variable track guide mechanism comprises a spiral guide pushing roller and a longitudinal belt conveyor, the rotating shaft of the spiral guide pushing roller is arranged parallel to the conveying belt, and the spiral guide pushing roller is torsionally connected with a spiral guide pushing roller driving motor; the conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor is vertical, the conveying end of the longitudinal belt conveyor is provided with a longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor, the longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor is fixedly connected with a lead screw nut, the lead screw nut is threadedly connected to a connecting lead screw, the connecting lead screw is arranged parallel to the width direction of the conveying belt, one end of the connecting lead screw is torsionally connected with the output shaft of a lead screw adjusting stepper motor, and the lead screw adjusting stepper motor is fixedly connected with a rack; an included angle is arranged between the tobacco conveying direction of the variable track guide mechanism and the width direction of the conveying belt, and the installation heights of the plurality of variable track guide mechanisms above the conveying belt sequentially decrease along the conveying direction of the conveying belt. The tobacco uniformly distributed by the hierarchical uniform distribution module is accurately distributed to different areas according to the requirements of the downstream wide-width equipment. The arrangement of the plurality of variable track guide mechanisms makes the guide process more flexible. Since the installation heights sequentially decrease along the conveying direction of the conveying belt, the tobacco can be gradually guided to the discharging side, and through the synergistic effect of the spiral guide pushing roller and the longitudinal belt conveyor, the tobacco can be effectively conveyed and distributed. The rotation of the spiral guide pushing roller can push the tobacco in a specific direction, and the longitudinal belt conveyor is responsible for conveying the tobacco longitudinally, and the two can better control the flow direction and the dropping position of the tobacco.

[0007] Meanwhile, the screw rod adjusting stepper motor can control the rotation of the screw rod to drive the longitudinal belt machine to move in the width direction of the conveying belt, thereby flexibly adjusting the transverse position of the material falling to adapt to different requirements of the downstream wide-width equipment. This design can effectively solve the problem of insufficient adaptability of the material guiding and distribution in the prior art, avoid the situation of local over-thickness or local vacancy of the downstream wide-width belt, and improve the stability of the subsequent processing quality. Moreover, the cooperative work of multiple variable rail material guiding mechanisms forms an efficient material guiding and distribution system, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual production situation to ensure that the material is uniformly guided to the downstream wide-width processing equipment. In addition, the third and fourth gratings arranged in cooperation can monitor the tobacco thickness in the material guiding interval and the downstream belt material falling area in real time. The third grating can control the conveying speed of the longitudinal belt machine and the rotating speed of the spiral material guiding roller, timely adjust the conveying and material pushing strength according to the tobacco thickness, and ensure the smoothness of the material guiding process and the uniformity of the material distribution. The fourth grating moves the longitudinal belt machine towards or away from the material falling center by controlling the screw rod adjusting stepper motor to increase or decrease the material falling amount, thereby further accurately controlling the material distribution on the downstream wide-width belt. This closed-loop control logic of "detection - feedback - execution" greatly improves the automation degree and adjustment accuracy of the device, can timely respond to the changes of the incoming material state and the deviation of the downstream material distribution, and meets the needs of continuous and stable operation of the large-scale production line. Moreover, the device also has certain advantages in dealing with the material blocking problem. When the tobacco fluidity is poor, the incoming material flow suddenly changes, or the material is accumulated at the junction of the material uniformizing assembly and the conveying mechanism, due to the cooperative action of the spiral material guiding roller and the longitudinal belt machine, the material can be automatically loosened to a certain extent, thereby reducing the occurrence of material blocking. Even if there is slight accumulation, the control system can timely adjust the operating parameters of the equipment according to the monitoring data of the grating to avoid the further deterioration of the material blocking situation, ensure the continuity of the production, and improve the production efficiency. The conveying belt is provided with a corrugated material guiding plate with adjustable material guiding angle on the side close to the conveying direction of the spiral material guiding roller, and the corrugated material guiding plate is provided with a fourth grating for monitoring the tobacco height on the downstream conveying mechanism.

[0008] The first grating, the second grating, the third grating and the fourth grating are signal connected to the control system, and the control system is electrically connected to the central symmetric spiral structure material guiding roller, the spiral material guiding roller, the longitudinal belt machine and the screw rod adjusting stepper motor.

[0009] Preferably, the hierarchical variable rail material guiding module is provided with 2-4 variable rail material guiding mechanisms.

[0010] More preferably, the hierarchical variable rail material guiding module is provided with 3 variable rail material guiding mechanisms.

[0011] More preferably, the variable track material guiding mechanism comprises a first variable track material guiding mechanism, a second variable track material guiding mechanism, and a third variable track material guiding mechanism, the spiral material guiding pusher roller of the first variable track material guiding mechanism is obliquely across the width direction of the conveying belt, the spiral material guiding pusher roller of the second variable track material guiding mechanism is obliquely across from the center line of the conveying belt to above the corrugated material guiding plate, and the third variable track material guiding mechanism is obliquely across from the quarter line of the conveying belt close to the corrugated material guiding plate to above the corrugated material guiding plate.

[0012] More preferably, the longitudinal belt conveyor of the first variable track material guiding mechanism is connected to the middle part of the spiral material guiding pusher roller of the first variable track material guiding mechanism from the edge of the conveying belt away from the corrugated material guiding plate, the longitudinal belt conveyor of the second variable track material guiding mechanism is connected to the conveying front end of the spiral material guiding pusher roller of the second variable track material guiding mechanism from the edge of the conveying belt away from the corrugated material guiding plate, and the longitudinal belt conveyor of the third variable track material guiding mechanism is connected to the conveying front end of the spiral material guiding pusher roller of the third variable track material guiding mechanism from the edge of the conveying belt away from the corrugated material guiding plate.

[0013] More preferably, the lower edge of the longitudinal belt conveyor and the lower edge of the spiral material guiding pusher roller of the third variable track material guiding mechanism are close to the upper surface of the conveying belt.

[0014] Preferably, the pusher blades of the center-symmetrical spiral structure material guiding pusher roller are divided into two sections along the axial length direction of the center-symmetrical spiral structure material guiding pusher roller, and the spiral directions of the two sections of the pusher blades are opposite.

[0015] Preferably, the upper edge of the corrugated material guiding plate is connected to the rack below the conveying belt through a rotating shaft, the lower part of the corrugated material guiding plate is provided with a pneumatic cylinder, the cylinder body of the pneumatic cylinder is hinged to the rack, and the piston extending end of the pneumatic cylinder is hinged to the lower part of the corrugated material guiding plate.

[0016] More preferably, the corrugated material guiding plate is arc-shaped in the direction from top to bottom.

[0017] The application also discloses a variable track automatic material guiding method, which adopts the variable track automatic material guiding device. Step 1: the upstream equipment conveys tobacco leaves to the conveying belt.

[0018] Step 2: the center-symmetrical spiral structure material guiding pusher roller rotates to sequentially and twice uniformly distribute the tobacco leaves conveyed along the conveying belt.

[0019] Step 3: the first grating and the second grating detect the material height in real time and adjust the rotating speed of the center-symmetrical spiral structure material guiding pusher roller.

[0020] Step 4: the uniformly distributed tobacco leaves are conveyed along the conveying belt to the grading variable track material guiding module.

[0021] Step 5, the spiral material guide roller driving motor drives the spiral structure material guide roller to rotate, and the longitudinal belt machine driving motor drives the longitudinal belt machine to run, thereby conveying the tobacco leaves to the discharge side.

[0022] Step 6, the corrugated material guide plate is opened at an angle, and the tobacco leaves fall to the downstream wide belt under the guidance of the corrugated material guide plate.

[0023] Step 7, the fourth grating detects the material thickness of the corresponding falling area of the downstream belt in real time, and controls the screw rod to adjust the stepping motor to drive the longitudinal belt machine to move towards or away from the falling center, thereby increasing or decreasing the falling amount.

[0024] Step 8, the third grating detects the tobacco leaf thickness in the material guide interval in real time, and controls the longitudinal belt machine transmission speed and the spiral material guide roller rotating speed.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. The present application solves the problems of poor material uniformity and uneven material distribution in the prior art by the combination scheme of "two-stage grading material uniformity + center-symmetrical spiral structure + grating closed-loop regulation", thereby fundamentally improving the material uniformity of the material guide device.

[0026] 2. The present application realizes the technical breakthrough of wide and uniform distribution by the scheme of "three-stage grading variable rail material guide + transverse position adjustable + falling amount dynamic regulation", solves the problems of material guide distribution imbalance and inability to adapt to wide downstream equipment in the prior art, and thereby improves the falling stability and reduces the falling deviation.

[0027] 3. The present application avoids the problem of material blockage from the source by the design of "material layer thickness real-time detection + conveying efficiency dynamic regulation", solves the problems of material blockage in the material guide process and poor production continuity in the prior art, and thereby greatly reduces the occurrence rate of material blockage and ensures the production continuity without manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission part overall structure of the variable rail type automatic material guide device and the material guide method of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the grading material uniformity module structure of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the center-symmetrical spiral structure of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the grading variable rail material guide module structure of the present application; Figure 5 It is a top view of the grading variable rail material guide module of the present application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the opening state of the corrugated material guide plate of the present application; Figure 7A schematic diagram of the spiral structure of the present application.

[0029] In the figure, 1, conveying belt, 2, first tobacco uniformizing mechanism, 3, first grating, 4, second tobacco uniformizing mechanism, 5, second grating, 6, center-symmetrical spiral structure material guiding roller, 7, first variable track material guiding mechanism, 8, second variable track material guiding mechanism, 9, third variable track material guiding mechanism, 10, spiral material guiding roller driving motor, 11, third grating, 12, screw rod adjusting stepping motor, 13, connecting screw rod, 14, spiral structure material guiding roller, 15, longitudinal belt conveyor, 16, longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor, 17, fourth grating, 18, air cylinder, 19, corrugated material guiding plate, 20, spiral structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The related technologies in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0031] As Figures 1-7 shown, the specific structure of the automatic material guiding device and the material guiding method in the present embodiment is as follows: Overall device structure: The variable track automatic material guiding device is mainly composed of a hierarchical uniformizing module and a hierarchical variable track material guiding module fixedly connected, the output end of the hierarchical uniformizing module and the input end of the hierarchical variable track material guiding module are arranged correspondingly along the tobacco conveying direction, and the hierarchical uniformizing module and the hierarchical variable track material guiding module are mounted on the same rack to ensure that the tobacco is stably conveyed from the conveying belt 1 to the hierarchical variable track material guiding module. The hierarchical uniformizing module in the present embodiment is a two-stage hierarchical uniformizing module, and the hierarchical variable track material guiding module is provided with three-stage variable tracks. The hierarchical uniformizing module includes the conveying belt 1, a multi-stage tobacco hierarchical module, the center-symmetrical spiral structure material guiding roller 6, a material height detection instrument (grating, etc.), a uniformizing driving motor and a wire, etc. The hierarchical variable track module includes the longitudinal belt conveyor 15, the spiral structure material guiding roller 14, the corrugated material guiding plate 19, a material height detection instrument (grating, photoelectric detection, etc.), the connecting screw rod 13, a screw rod adjusting drive (screw rod adjusting stepping motor, etc.), the air cylinder 18, a bearing seat and a hinge, etc.

[0032] Specific structure of the hierarchical uniformizing module: The conveyor belt 1 is horizontally arranged as the reference carrier for tobacco leaf transportation. The primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism 2 and the secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism 4 are fixedly installed sequentially along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 1, and the installation height of the secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism 4 is lower than that of the primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism 2. Both are arranged across the width of the conveyor belt 1. The interior of both the primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism 2 and the secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism 4 is equipped with... Figure 3 The centrally symmetrical spiral guide roller 6 shown has its two ends connected to corresponding drive motors, which are fixed to the device frame. A first grating 3 is fixedly installed on both sides of the frame of the primary tobacco leveling mechanism 2, its detection area covering the corresponding primary leveling operation section of the primary tobacco leveling mechanism 2 on the conveyor belt 1. A second grating 5 is fixedly installed on both sides of the frame of the secondary tobacco leveling mechanism 4, its detection area covering the corresponding secondary leveling operation section of the secondary tobacco leveling mechanism 4 on the conveyor belt 1. The first grating 3 and the second grating 5 are electrically connected to the drive motors of the primary and secondary tobacco leveling mechanisms 2 and 4 respectively via wires, forming a closed-loop control circuit for the leveling speed. This embodiment adopts a multi-level stepped structure of primary initial dispersion + secondary precise leveling. The heights of the primary and secondary tobacco leveling mechanisms 2 and 4 decrease sequentially, and both are equipped with centrally symmetrical spiral guide rollers 6, forming a "progressive" leveling logic. The material height in the corresponding area is detected in real time by the first grating 3 and the second grating 5, and the speed of the drive motor of the two-stage material leveling mechanism is dynamically adjusted to form a closed-loop control logic of "detection-feedback-adjustment".

[0033] The specific structure of the graded guide module: The first variable track guiding mechanism 7, the second variable track guiding mechanism 8, and the third variable track guiding mechanism 9 are sequentially fixedly installed along the width direction of the downstream graded variable track guiding module section conveyor belt 1. The length of the first variable track guiding mechanism 7, the second variable track guiding mechanism 8, and the third variable track guiding mechanism 9 decreases sequentially along the tobacco leaf dropping direction, and the input end of each subsequent variable track guiding mechanism is connected to the output end of the previous variable track guiding mechanism.

[0034] Taking the two-stage variable track material guiding mechanism 8 as an example, the connection relationship of its components is as follows: The conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 is vertically arranged (the conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 is perpendicular to the conveying surface of the conveying belt 1), and the conveying end pivot of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 is provided with a longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16 that drives the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 to circulate. The longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16 is fixedly connected with a lead screw nut that is threadedly connected to a connecting lead screw 13 that is horizontally arranged along the width direction of the conveying belt 1, and one end of the connecting lead screw 13 is torque-connected with a lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 that is fixed to the device rack; when the lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 drives the connecting lead screw 13 to rotate, the lead screw nut cannot rotate because it is fixedly connected with the longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16, so the lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 reciprocally translates along the width direction of the conveying belt 1 along with the rotation of the connecting lead screw 13, thereby adjusting the feeding width range of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 in the width direction of the conveying belt 1.

[0035] The spiral structure material guiding and pushing roller 14 is arranged in parallel to the longitudinal belt conveyor 15, both ends of the spiral structure material guiding and pushing roller 14 are fixed to the rack through bearing seats, and one end of the spiral structure material guiding and pushing roller 14 is torque-connected with a spiral material guiding and pushing roller driving motor 10, and the inside of the spiral structure material guiding and pushing roller 14 is a spiral structure 20. The third grating 11 is fixedly installed on the feeding side rack of the secondary variable track material guiding mechanism 8, and the detection end thereof faces the material passage between the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 and the spiral structure material guiding and pushing roller 14. The longitudinal belt conveyor 15 is drivingly connected with the longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16, and the third grating 11 is electrically connected with the longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16.

[0036] The fourth grating 17 is fixedly installed on the discharging side rack of the secondary variable track material guiding mechanism 8, and the detection area thereof covers the corresponding discharging section of the downstream belt. In view of the problem of thick material layer accumulation in the material guiding interval, the present embodiment adopts a “transverse position adjustment + conveying efficiency adjustment” two-dimensional control logic, combined with the double detection of the third grating 11 and the fourth grating 17. When the third grating 11 detects a thick material layer, the longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16 is controlled to speed up and loosen; when the fourth grating 17 detects uneven downstream material, the transverse position of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 is adjusted by the lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 to accurately control the discharging amount. The three closed-loop systems of uniform material speed adjustment, material guiding position adjustment and conveying efficiency adjustment are integrated, and each mechanism is linked through electrical signals to form a full-process unmanned control. The first grating 3, the second grating 5 and the uniform material motor are linked, the fourth grating 17 and the lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 are linked, the third grating 11 and the longitudinal belt conveyor driving motor 16 are linked, and each closed-loop system independently operates and cooperatively responds.

[0037] The corrugated guide plate 19 is arranged obliquely below the discharge end of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15, the upper end of the corrugated guide plate 19 is hinged to the rack through a hinge, the lower part of the corrugated guide plate 19 is hinged to the piston rod of the air cylinder 18, and the cylinder body of the air cylinder 18 is fixed to the rack; the corrugated guide plate 19 is driven by the air cylinder 18 to adjust the inclination angle, and is suitable for different tobacco flowability and downstream equipment material dropping requirements. According to the preset angle range of the parameters such as tobacco moisture content and fiber state, the guide plate is swung by the piston rod extension and retraction of the air cylinder 18, and the material dropping track is adjusted.

[0038] The connection relationship of each component of the first-level variable track material guiding mechanism 7 and the third-level variable material guiding mechanism 9 is completely consistent with that of the second-level variable track material guiding mechanism 8, and the corresponding screw type material guiding roller and longitudinal belt conveyor are fixed on the rack according to the same assembly logic.

[0039] The first-level variable track material guiding mechanism 7, the second-level variable track material guiding mechanism 8 and the third-level variable track material guiding mechanism 9 are arranged in sequence along the width direction of the downstream equipment, and the length decreases in turn, so as to realize the wide area coverage. Each material guiding mechanism is independently configured with a longitudinal belt conveyor and a screw structure material guiding roller, and cooperates to complete the material conveying and guiding, and is suitable for the multi-area material dropping requirements of the downstream wide equipment.

[0040] The automatic material guiding method of the embodiment is as follows: The steps of the material in the hierarchical material uniformizing module section are as follows: S1: The upstream equipment transports the tobacco to the conveying belt 1, at this time the tobacco presents a convex shape distribution on the cross section of the conveying belt 1; S2: The corresponding drive motors of the first-level tobacco uniformizing mechanism 2 and the second-level tobacco uniformizing mechanism 4 are started, the internally center-symmetrical screw structure material guiding roller 6 is rotated, the tobacco is transported by the conveying belt 1 in turn through the working areas of the first-level tobacco uniformizing mechanism 2 and the second-level tobacco uniformizing mechanism 4, and the preliminary material uniformization is realized through the two-level height-decreasing screw structure material guiding rollers 6; S3: The first grating 3 detects the material height of the first-level uniformizing area in real time, if the material is too high, sends an electrical signal to the drive motor of the first-level tobacco uniformizing mechanism 2, controls the motor speed to increase, and increases the uniformizing strength; if the material is too low, controls the motor speed to decrease, and avoids excessive uniformization; S4: The second grating 5 detects the material height of the second-level uniformizing area in real time, controls the speed of the drive motor of the second-level tobacco uniformizing mechanism 4 according to the same adjustment logic as S3, and ensures that the tobacco is uniformly distributed on the conveying belt 1 along the conveying direction and the width direction.

[0041] The steps of the material in the hierarchical variable track material guiding module section are as follows: S5: The uniformized tobacco is transported by the conveying belt 1 to the input end of the first-level variable track material guiding mechanism 7, the second-level variable track material guiding mechanism 8 and the third-level variable track material guiding mechanism 9, and the three-level material guiding mechanisms are started synchronously; S6: The spiral guide roller drive motor 10 drives the spiral structure guide roller 14 to rotate, and the longitudinal belt conveyor drive motor 16 drives the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 to operate. The two work together to transport the tobacco leaves to the discharge side. S7: Cylinder 18 controls the opening angle of corrugated guide plate 19 according to the preset angle, and the tobacco leaves are guided down to the downstream wide belt by corrugated guide plate 19. S8: The fourth grating 17 detects the material thickness in the corresponding dropping area of ​​the downstream belt in real time. If the material is detected to be too high, an electrical signal is sent to the lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 to control it to rotate forward at the corresponding pulse angle. This drives the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 to move laterally away from the dropping center through the connecting lead screw 13, reducing the dropping amount of this part of the guiding mechanism. If the material is detected to be too low, the lead screw adjusting stepper motor 12 is controlled to reverse, driving the longitudinal belt conveyor 15 to move closer to the dropping center, increasing the dropping amount. S9: The third grating 11 detects the thickness of the tobacco leaves in the material guiding section in real time. If the thickness is too thick, it sends an electrical signal to the longitudinal belt conveyor drive motor 16 to control it to increase its speed, improve the conveying efficiency of the longitudinal belt conveyor 15, and quickly loosen the thick material layer. S10: The first-level variable track guiding mechanism 7 and the third-level variable guide mechanism 9 operate synchronously according to the steps of S6-S9. Through the coordinated adjustment of the three-level guiding mechanisms, the tobacco leaves are uniformly conveyed to the downstream wide-width equipment.

[0042] In summary, this invention provides an innovative variable-track automatic material guiding device and method. Through unique design and advanced control logic, it effectively solves problems such as poor material uniformity, unbalanced material distribution, and easy material blockage in existing technologies. Regarding material uniformity, the combination of two-stage graded material uniformity, a centrally symmetrical spiral structure, and grating closed-loop adjustment enables uniform material distribution during conveying, fundamentally improving the material uniformity effect. In terms of material distribution, the three-stage graded variable-track guiding, combined with adjustable lateral position and dynamic control of material drop, overcomes the technical challenge of wide-range uniform distribution, ensuring the stability and accuracy of material drop. Simultaneously, the design of real-time material layer thickness detection and dynamic adjustment of conveying efficiency significantly reduces the incidence of material blockage, ensuring production continuity without frequent manual intervention.

[0043] This invention features a rational structural design, with the graded material leveling module and the graded track-changing material guiding module working closely together. The connection and collaborative working logic between the components is clear, and the entire process is controlled unmanned through multiple closed-loop control systems. In practical applications, this track-changing automatic material guiding device and method can significantly improve production efficiency, enhance product quality, and reduce production costs. It has broad market application prospects and promotional value, providing strong technical support for the development of related industries.

[0044] It should be emphasized that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable-track automatic material guiding device, characterized in that, include: A graded material leveling module and a graded track changing material guiding module share a single conveyor belt (1). The graded material leveling module is located at the front section of the conveyor belt (1), and the graded track changing material guiding module is located at the rear section of the conveyor belt (1). The graded material leveling module is provided with a primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (2) and a secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (4) in sequence along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (1). Both the primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (2) and the secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (4) are provided with a centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6). The cylindrical surface of the centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6) is provided with a spiral blade along the axial length direction. The two ends of the centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6) are respectively connected to the frame by rotating shafts. The centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6) is torque-connected to a drive motor. The frame is provided with a first grating (3) and a second grating (5) to monitor the height of the tobacco leaves in front of the primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (2) and the secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (4) of the conveyor belt (1), respectively. The installation height of the secondary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (4) above the conveyor belt (1) is less than the installation height of the primary tobacco leaf leveling mechanism (2) above the conveyor belt (1). The graded variable track guiding module is provided with multiple variable track guiding mechanisms, each including a spiral guiding roller (14) and a longitudinal belt conveyor (15). The rotating axis of the spiral guiding roller (14) is parallel to the conveyor belt (1), and the spiral guiding roller (14) is torque-connected to a spiral guiding roller drive motor (10). The conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor (15) is vertical, and a longitudinal belt conveyor drive motor (16) is provided at the conveying end of the longitudinal belt conveyor (15). The longitudinal belt conveyor drive motor (16) is fixedly connected to... A lead screw nut is connected to a connecting lead screw (13), which is parallel to the width direction of the conveyor belt (1). One end of the connecting lead screw (13) is connected to the output shaft torque of the lead screw adjusting stepper motor (12), which is fixedly connected to the frame. The tobacco leaf conveying direction of the variable track guiding mechanism is at an angle to the width direction of the conveyor belt (1). The installation height of the multiple variable track guiding mechanisms above the conveyor belt (1) decreases sequentially along the transmission direction of the conveyor belt (1). The conveyor belt (1) is provided with an adjustable corrugated guide plate (19) on the side near the conveying direction of the spiral guide roller (14). A fourth grating (17) is provided at the corrugated guide plate (19) to monitor the height of the tobacco leaves on the downstream conveying mechanism. The first grating (3), the second grating (5), the third grating (11), and the fourth grating (17) are connected to the control system. The control system is electrically connected to the centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6), the spiral guide roller (14), the longitudinal belt conveyor (15), and the screw-adjusting stepper motor (12).

2. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded variable track material guiding module is equipped with 2 to 4 variable track material guiding mechanisms.

3. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The graded variable track material guiding module is equipped with three variable track material guiding mechanisms.

4. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The variable track guiding mechanism includes: a first variable track guiding mechanism (7), a second variable track guiding mechanism (8), and a third variable track guiding mechanism (9). The spiral guiding roller (14) of the first variable track guiding mechanism (7) crosses the width direction of the conveyor belt (1). The spiral guiding roller (14) of the second variable track guiding mechanism (8) crosses from the center line of the conveyor belt (1) to the top of the corrugated guide plate (19). The third variable track guiding mechanism (9) crosses from the quarter line of the conveyor belt (1) near the corrugated guide plate (19) to the top of the corrugated guide plate (19).

5. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The longitudinal belt conveyor (15) of the first variable track guiding mechanism (7) is connected from the edge of the conveyor belt (1) away from the corrugated guide plate (19) to the middle of the spiral guide roller (14) of the first variable track guiding mechanism (7); the longitudinal belt conveyor (15) of the second variable track guiding mechanism (8) is connected from the edge of the conveyor belt (1) away from the corrugated guide plate (19) to the front end of the spiral guide roller (14) of the second variable track guiding mechanism (8); the longitudinal belt conveyor (15) of the third variable track guiding mechanism (9) is connected from the edge of the conveyor belt (1) away from the corrugated guide plate (19) to the front end of the spiral guide roller (14) of the third variable track guiding mechanism (9).

6. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower edge of the longitudinal belt (15) and the lower edge of the spiral guide roller (14) of the third variable guide mechanism (9) are close to the upper surface of the conveyor belt (1).

7. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The paddle of the centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6) is divided into two segments along the axial length of the centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6), and the spiral directions of the two segments are opposite.

8. The variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper edge of the corrugated guide plate (19) is connected to the frame below the conveyor belt (1) along the rotating shaft. A cylinder (18) is provided at the lower part of the corrugated guide plate (19). The cylinder body of the cylinder (18) is hinged to the frame, and the piston extension end of the cylinder (18) is hinged to the lower part of the corrugated guide plate (19).

9. A variable-track automatic material guiding device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The corrugated guide plate (19) is arc-shaped in the direction from top to bottom.

10. A variable-track automatic material feeding method, characterized in that, The material guiding method employs the variable-track automatic material guiding device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the material guiding method includes the following steps: Step 1: The upstream equipment transports the tobacco leaves to the conveyor belt (1); Step 2: The centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6) rotates to uniformly process the tobacco leaves conveyed by the conveyor belt (1) twice in sequence; Step 3: The first grating (3) and the second grating (5) detect the material height in real time and adjust the rotation speed of the centrally symmetrical spiral structure guide roller (6); Step 4: The tobacco leaves after uniform feeding are conveyed to the graded and variable track guiding module by the conveyor belt (1); Step 5: The spiral guide roller drive motor (10) drives the spiral structure guide roller (14) to rotate, and the longitudinal belt conveyor drive motor (16) drives the longitudinal belt conveyor (15) to operate, and together they transport the tobacco leaves to the discharge side. Step 6: The corrugated guide plate (19) opens at an angle, and the tobacco leaves are guided down to the downstream wide belt by the corrugated guide plate (19); Step 7: The fourth grating (17) detects the material thickness in the corresponding dropping area of ​​the downstream belt in real time, and controls the screw adjustment stepper motor (12) to drive the longitudinal belt conveyor (15) to move closer to or further away from the dropping center, thereby increasing or decreasing the dropping amount; Step 8: The third grating (11) detects the thickness of tobacco leaves in the material guiding section in real time and controls the transmission speed of the longitudinal belt conveyor (15) and the rotation speed of the spiral guide roller (14).

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