Semi-transverse smoke exhaust system of railway tunnel emergency rescue station and working method of semi-transverse smoke exhaust system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of railway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue, and particularly discloses a railway tunnel emergency rescue station semi-transverse smoke exhaust system which is characterized in that a plurality of evacuation transverse passages are arranged between two tunnel sections, and each tunnel section is provided with a smoke protection door; the two ends of the evacuation transverse channel communicate with the tunnel sections, evacuation platforms are arranged on the sides, close to the evacuation transverse channel, of the tunnel sections, longitudinal partition plates connected to the inner walls of the tunnel sections are arranged above the evacuation platforms, and the longitudinal partition plates and the inner walls of the tunnel sections jointly form longitudinal partition plate flues. A plurality of smoke exhaust valves are arranged on the longitudinal partition plate; the semi-transverse smoke exhaust system comprises a smoke exhaust inclined shaft, a transverse communicating flue and a longitudinal communicating flue. The two ends of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft communicate with an underground axial flow fan and the transverse communicating flue correspondingly. And the two groups of longitudinal communicating flues are respectively arranged at the two ends of the transverse communicating flue. Therefore, the tunnel smoke exhaust system which is simplified in structure and controllable in cost is provided, and the existing technical problems are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of railway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue, in particular to a semi-transverse smoke exhaust system of a railway tunnel emergency rescue station and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In railway tunnel engineering, for tunnels and tunnel groups with a length of 20 km or more, emergency rescue stations need to be set up to deal with the fixed-point evacuation and rescue of personnel after a train fire accident. At present, semi-transverse smoke exhaust systems are generally used in double-hole single-line railway tunnel rescue stations. This system forms a three-dimensional smoke exhaust network by setting up vertically staggered independent smoke exhaust ducts such as smoke exhaust shafts, top lateral smoke exhaust ducts, top longitudinal parallel smoke exhaust ducts, connecting smoke ducts, and smoke exhaust cross-holes (smoke exhaust inclined shafts). For example, the Pingan Tunnel of the Cheng-Lan Railway is a typical case. Its rescue station adopts a design of setting up a horizontal passage every 50 meters between the left and right lines, connecting the smoke exhaust shafts with the smoke exhaust ducts in the arch, and the smoke exhaust shafts are spaced about 100 meters apart and the smoke is discharged through the smoke exhaust inclined shafts. Although this system can meet the basic smoke exhaust requirements, it has significant technical bottlenecks.

[0003] The semi-transverse smoke exhaust system needs to simultaneously construct multiple layers of independent smoke exhaust ducts in the tunnel arch, sidewall, and connecting passage, forming a spatially three-dimensional structure. This design results in the need to coordinate multiple professional cross-operations during construction, especially in complex geological conditions (such as fault fracture zones and high ground stress areas), making it extremely difficult to control the stability of the surrounding rock of the ducts, and easily causing safety accidents such as landslides and water inrush. The existing semi-transverse system usually uses fixed-interval smoke exhaust shafts. When a fire occurs in the middle of the shaft spacing, the smoke needs to be transported a long distance along the longitudinal duct, which easily leads to a decrease in smoke exhaust efficiency. In addition, the traditional system uses a full-section smoke exhaust mode, which easily causes smoke backflow in non-fire areas. For example, a certain patent system has smoke backflow in the smoke exhaust shafts far from the fire source, causing pollution of the evacuation path. In large longitudinal slope mountain tunnels, traditional smoke exhaust shafts / inclined shafts are difficult to implement due to geological conditions. Excavating deep vertical shafts along steep mountain bodies easily causes geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, and additional environmental protection costs are required for construction in ecologically sensitive areas.

[0004] To solve the above problems, the existing technology attempts to improve by optimizing the shaft spacing and controlling the opening of the smoke exhaust port in sections, but the dense shafts further increase the construction risk and cost, and the sectional control needs to rely on a high-precision fire positioning system, which is easily affected by smoke obstruction in actual application, and does not fundamentally change the three-dimensional duct structure, resulting in great construction difficulty. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation, developing a simplified structure and cost-controllable smoke exhaust system has become a technical problem to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a railway tunnel emergency rescue station semi-transverse smoke exhaust system and its working method, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the dense vertical shafts increase the construction risk and cost, the partition control needs to rely on a high-precision fire positioning system, the positioning accuracy is easily affected by smoke shielding in actual application, and the three-dimensional air duct structure is not fundamentally changed, resulting in a large construction difficulty.

[0006] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A railway tunnel emergency rescue station semi-transverse smoke exhaust system, a plurality of evacuation horizontal passages are arranged in parallel between two tunnel sections, and each tunnel section is provided with a smoke gas protection door for closing the evacuation horizontal passage; the two ends of the evacuation horizontal passage are respectively communicated with each tunnel section, one side of the tunnel section close to the evacuation horizontal passage is provided with an evacuation platform, and the top of the evacuation platform is provided with a longitudinal partition plate connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section; the longitudinal partition plate and the inner wall of the tunnel section jointly form a longitudinal partition plate flue parallel to the extension direction of the tunnel section; a plurality of interval arranged smoke exhaust valves are arranged on the longitudinal partition plate, and the smoke exhaust valves are in a normally closed state.

[0008] The semi-transverse smoke exhaust system comprises a smoke exhaust inclined shaft extending along the X direction, a horizontal connection flue extending along the Y direction, and a longitudinal connection flue extending along the Z direction; the two ends of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft are respectively communicated with an underground axial flow fan and the horizontal connection flue; the longitudinal connection flue is arranged in two groups and is arranged at the two ends of the horizontal connection flue.

[0009] Alternatively, the two ends of the horizontal connection flue are respectively communicated with the horizontal connection flue and the longitudinal partition plate flue, wherein a vertical partition plate is arranged in the smoke exhaust inclined shaft, and the axial flow fan is arranged opposite to the vertical partition plate.

[0010] Alternatively, the lower portion of the tunnel section is provided with an underground chamber, two groups of axial flow fans are arranged in the underground chamber, and the two groups of axial flow fans are respectively arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical partition plate, and the air outlet of the axial flow fan is opposite to the passages on both sides of the vertical partition plate.

[0011] Alternatively, the longitudinal partition plate is L-shaped, and the two ends of the longitudinal partition plate are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section.

[0012] Alternatively, the smoke exhaust valve is arranged on the vertical section of the longitudinal partition plate.

[0013] Alternatively, the longitudinal partition plate flues of the two tunnel sections are communicated with each other through a horizontal partition plate flue.

[0014] Alternatively, the horizontal partition plate flue is arranged in a plurality of groups and is arranged in intervals along the extension direction of the longitudinal partition plate flue.

[0015] Optionally, the tunnel section is provided with measuring devices for detecting current air volume information at both ends of the tunnel section, the smoke protection door and the underground cavern, the measuring devices being in communication connection with a controller, and the controller being in communication connection with the smoke exhaust valve and the axial flow fan.

[0016] Optionally, the tunnel section comprises a left-line tunnel section and a right-line tunnel section, wherein the air volume at both ends of the left-line tunnel section is Q1 and Q2 respectively, the air volume at both ends of the right-line tunnel section is Q3 and Q4 respectively, the total air volume at each smoke protection door is Q5, and the air volume at the underground cavern is Q6, and the critical air volume Q7 for smoke exhaust in the tunnel and the minimum air volume Q8 at the protection door are defined according to engineering practice.

[0017] The smoke generation Q9 after the fire occurs, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0018] ,

[0019] In the formula: — plume mass flow rate, kg / s;

[0020] — plume average temperature, K;

[0021] — ambient absolute temperature, K;

[0022] — gas density at ambient temperature, kg / m 3 ;

[0023] The plume mass flow rate can be calculated by the following formula:

[0024] ,

[0025] ,

[0026] In the formula: — convective heat release rate of the fire source, kW, , The fire source power is 15 MW;

[0027] — flame limit height, m;

[0028] — height of the fuel surface to the bottom of the smoke layer, m;

[0029] — gas density at ambient temperature, kg / m 3 ;

[0030] The plume average temperature T can be calculated by the following formula:

[0031] ,

[0032] In the formula: The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure,

[0033] If the fire occurs in the left-line tunnel section, first open the electric smoke exhaust valve on the longitudinal partition flue in the left-line tunnel section, and open the axial flow fan, and require Q1, Q2 to be greater than Q7, require Q5 to be greater than Q8, require Q6 to be greater than Q9, if not satisfied, increase the air volume of the axial flow fan until the above requirements are met.

[0034] If the fire occurs in the right-line tunnel section, first open the electric smoke exhaust valve on the longitudinal partition flue in the right-line tunnel section, and open the axial flow fan, and require Q3, Q4 to be greater than Q7, require Q5 to be greater than Q8, require Q6 to be greater than Q9, if not satisfied, increase the air volume of the axial flow fan until the above requirements are met.

[0035] A working method of a semi-transverse smoke exhaust system of a railway tunnel emergency rescue station, comprising the following steps:

[0036] According to the tunnel section information, calculate the smoke generation amount of the fire;

[0037] Calculate the smoke exhaust critical air volume of the tunnel section and the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door;

[0038] Obtain the air volume at both ends of the left-line tunnel section and the right-line tunnel section;

[0039] Obtain the total air volume at each smoke protection door;

[0040] Obtain the air volume of the underground cavern;

[0041] According to the obtained air volume value, judge whether the air volume of the tunnel section where the fire occurs exceeds the smoke exhaust critical air volume, the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door and the smoke generation amount, and correspondingly control the working state of the smoke exhaust valve and the axial flow fan.

[0042] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects over the prior art:

[0043] By the technical scheme, the longitudinal partition flue can be constructed synchronously with the secondary lining of the tunnel, and the excavation and support procedures of the traditional independent flue are omitted. The number of smoke exhaust shafts is reduced, and the structure of the flue is simplified, so that the cost of the smoke exhaust system of the single kilometer tunnel is reduced. The zoned smoke exhaust mode shortens the conveying distance of the flume gas in the longitudinal flue and keeps stable flow under negative pressure. The smoke exhaust inclined shaft can be reused in combination with the tunnel construction (for example, the construction smoke exhaust inclined shaft is transformed into a smoke exhaust passage), and no additional vertical shaft needs to be excavated in a large longitudinal slope or an ecologically sensitive area, so that the damage to the mountain vegetation is reduced. Thus, by the technical concept of functional integration, control zoning and path simplification, the inherent defects of the traditional semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system are solved under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation, and the technical and economic efficiency and the engineering applicability are remarkable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and other related drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 The plane structure schematic diagram of the semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system of the railway tunnel emergency rescue station provided by the present application in an embodiment, part of the body is removed to show the internal structure;

[0046] Figure 2 The a-a sectional view in Figure 1

[0047] Figure 3 The b-b sectional view in Figure 1

[0048] Figure 4 The c-c sectional view in Figure 1

[0049] Figure 5 The d-d sectional view in Figure 1

[0050] Figure 6 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft, the middle partition, the horizontal connecting flue and the longitudinal connecting flue in the semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system of the railway tunnel emergency rescue station provided by the present application in an embodiment.

[0051] ​​​​Marked in the drawing and corresponding part name: 1-tunnel section, 2-main smoke exhaust channel, 3-evacuation horizontal passage, 4-smoke protection door, 5-evacuation platform, 6-longitudinal partition flue, 7-smoke exhaust valve, 8-horizontal partition flue, 9-underground fan room, 10-smoke exhaust inclined shaft, 11-middle partition, 12-horizontal connecting flue, 13-longitudinal connecting flue, 14-axial flow fan, 15-underground chamber, 16-measuring device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present application, but does not constitute a limitation of the present application. The specific structure and functional details disclosed herein are only used to describe the example embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be embodied in many alternative forms, and should not be understood as limited in the embodiments set forth herein.

[0053] According to the first aspect of the present disclosure, a railway tunnel emergency rescue station semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system is provided. The railway tunnel emergency rescue station semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system of the present application significantly reduces the system complexity and cost under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation by optimizing the layout of the smoke exhaust channel and the smoke control logic. Among them, Figures 1 to 6 The specific embodiments are shown.

[0054] Referring to Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the figure, the railway tunnel emergency rescue station semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system is provided with a plurality of parallel evacuation horizontal passages 3 between two tunnel sections 1, and each tunnel section 1 is provided with a smoke protection door 4 for closing the evacuation horizontal passage 3; the two ends of the evacuation horizontal passage 3 are respectively communicated to each tunnel section, and the side of the tunnel section 1 close to the evacuation horizontal passage 3 is provided with an evacuation platform 5, characterized in that the top of the evacuation platform 5 is provided with a longitudinal partition connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section 1, and the longitudinal partition and the inner wall of the tunnel section 1 together form a longitudinal partition flue 6 parallel to the extension direction of the tunnel section 1; a plurality of interval arranged smoke exhaust valves 7 are arranged on the longitudinal partition, and the smoke exhaust valves 7 are in a normally closed state.

[0055] The semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system includes a smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10 extending along the X direction, a horizontal connecting flue 12 extending along the Y direction, and a longitudinal connecting flue extending along the Z direction, both ends of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10 are respectively communicated to the axial flow fan 14 and the horizontal connecting flue 12 underground; the longitudinal connecting flue is provided in two groups and is arranged at both ends of the horizontal connecting flue 12.

[0056] For the orientation words X / Y / Z described in the text, refer to the spatial rectangular coordinate system.

[0057] When a train fire occurs in left tunnel section 1, the system initiates the following collaborative actions. The smoke protection doors 4 (corresponding to the evacuation cross passages 3 one by one) in the left tunnel section 1 automatically close within a certain time, forming a physical barrier to block the spread of smoke to the evacuation cross passages 3. Personnel evacuate to the safe area of the right tunnel section 1 through the evacuation cross passages 3, at which time the smoke protection doors 4 of the right tunnel section 1 remain closed to ensure that the evacuation path is smoke-free. The smoke exhaust valve 7 closest to the fire point in the left tunnel section 1 (based on the positioning results of the fire detector) automatically opens, and the remaining smoke exhaust valves 7 remain closed. The high-temperature smoke generated by the fire enters the longitudinal partition flue 6 through the opened smoke exhaust valve 7 under the action of thermal pressure and airflow in the tunnel, which is a natural guide channel formed by the tunnel vault space.

[0058] The smoke entering the longitudinal partition flue 6 is collected through the longitudinal connecting flue (1 set every 500 meters) and then enters the horizontal connecting flue 12, and finally is pumped to the outside of the tunnel by the negative pressure generated by the underground fan through the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10. At this time, the smoke exhaust system of the right tunnel section 1 remains dormant to avoid airflow interference.

[0059] When a fire occurs in the right tunnel section 1, the above process is executed symmetrically, and unilateral directional smoke exhaust is achieved through independently controlled smoke exhaust valves 7 and smoke protection doors 4.

[0060] The continuous flue formed by the tunnel vault and the longitudinal partition replaces the traditional dispersed top lateral flue and longitudinal parallel flue, and simultaneously assumes the dual functions of smoke collection and longitudinal transportation. The arc-shaped cross-section design (matching the radius of the tunnel vault) can reduce the flow resistance of the smoke, solving the vortex problem at the junction of the traditional multi-section flue.

[0061] The subarea smoke exhaust mode (rather than the traditional full-opening mode) is adopted in conjunction with the fire point. After the fire source is located by the optical fiber temperature detector, only 2 smoke exhaust valves 7 upstream and downstream of the fire source are opened, which can concentrate the smoke exhaust volume and avoid smoke disturbance in the non-fire area.

[0062] The traditional densely arranged smoke exhaust shafts are cancelled, and a simplified path of longitudinal collection, horizontal aggregation, and single-point discharge is formed through the combination design of the horizontal connecting flue 12 and the single smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10.

[0063] By the technical scheme, the longitudinal partition flue 6 can be constructed synchronously with the secondary lining of the tunnel, and the excavation and support procedures of the traditional independent flue are omitted. The number of smoke exhaust shafts is reduced, and the structure of the flue is simplified, so that the cost of the smoke exhaust system of the single kilometer tunnel is reduced. The zoned smoke exhaust mode shortens the conveying distance of the flume in the longitudinal flue and keeps stable flow under negative pressure. The smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10 can be reused in combination with the tunnel construction (for example, the construction smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10 is transformed into a smoke exhaust passage), and no additional vertical shaft needs to be excavated in a large longitudinal slope or an ecologically sensitive area, so that the damage to the vegetation of the mountain is reduced. Thus, by the technical concepts of functional integration, control zoning, and path simplification, the inherent defects of the traditional semi-horizontal smoke exhaust system are solved under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation, and the technical and economic efficiency and the engineering applicability are remarkable.

[0064] It should be noted that the positional words such as "inner" and "outer" refer to "inner" and "outer" relative to the profile of the component, and the direction towards the inside of the component is "inner", and vice versa. In addition, it should be noted that the terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish one element from another, and do not have sequentiality and importance. Furthermore, in the following description, the same reference signs in different drawings represent the same elements.

[0065] Further, the two ends of the transverse connecting flue 12 are respectively communicated with the transverse connecting flue 12 and the longitudinal partition flue 6, wherein the vertical partition plate 11 is arranged in the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10, and the underground axial flow fan 14 is arranged opposite to the vertical partition plate 11.

[0066] The vertical partition plate 11 divides the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10 into left and right independent passages in the vertical direction, and corresponds to the smoke exhaust paths of the left and right tunnel sections 1 respectively. When a fire occurs in a single side of the tunnel (for example, the left line), the underground fan forms a directional negative pressure field through the left passage of the vertical partition plate 11, avoids air flow cross interference with the right passage, and avoids the attenuation of the smoke exhaust efficiency caused by the misabsorption of air on the non-smoke exhaust side.

[0067] Specifically, the vertical partition plate 11 can be a modular prefabricated reinforced concrete component, which is installed synchronously after the excavation of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10, so as to avoid the occupation of the smoke exhaust passage by the traditional cast-in-place construction. In a complex geological section (for example, a water-rich fault zone), the vertical partition plate 11 can also serve as a support framework of a water stop curtain, so as to reduce the construction water leakage rate.

[0068] In the present disclosure, the underground chamber 15 is arranged below the tunnel section 1, two groups of axial flow fans 14 are arranged in the underground chamber 15, and the two groups of axial flow fans 14 are respectively arranged symmetrically relative to the vertical partition plate 11. The air outlets of the axial flow fans 14 are opposite to the passages on both sides of the vertical partition plate 11.

[0069] The two groups of axial flow fans 14 are symmetrically arranged relative to the partition plate 11, and the air outlets are opposite the independent channels on both sides of the partition plate 11, so that a precise air supply effect can be formed. The strong directional performance of the axial flow fans 14 directly transmits the smoke exhaust power to the corresponding channel, avoiding the diffusion loss of airflow at the inlet of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10. For example, when a fire occurs in the left tunnel, only the left axial flow fan 14 is started, and the airflow along the left channel of the partition plate 11 forms a negative pressure field, forcing the smoke in the longitudinal partition plate flue 6 to be quickly exhausted through the transverse connecting flue 12 and the smoke exhaust inclined shaft 10, thereby solving the problem of airflow scattering caused by the offset of the air outlet of the traditional fan.

[0070] In addition, the two groups of axial flow fans 14 arranged symmetrically can realize a flexible control mode of one-side starting and double-side standby. When a single-side tunnel fire occurs, only the corresponding side fan needs to be started (for example, the right side fan is started when a right line fire occurs), thereby avoiding the energy waste caused by the simultaneous operation of double-side fans. If an extreme working condition occurs (for example, simultaneous danger occurs in a tunnel group), the double-side fans can be operated in coordination to form parallel smoke exhaust paths through the partition plate 11, thereby meeting the maximum smoke exhaust demand.

[0071] The underground chamber 15 provides an independent installation space for the axial flow fan 14, and can isolate the high-temperature, smoke dust and vibration environment generated by the tunnel fire. The chamber is made of fireproof and heat-insulating materials and has a ventilation and heat dissipation structure, so that the working environment temperature of the fan is controlled below 40°C, thereby avoiding the failure of the fan motor due to high temperature. At the same time, the chamber can integrate a fan control cabinet, a maintenance channel and other auxiliary facilities, thereby facilitating daily maintenance and solving the problem of shortened service life caused by the direct exposure of the fan in the tunnel.

[0072] In the present disclosure, the longitudinal partition plate is L-shaped, and both ends of the longitudinal partition plate are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section 1.

[0073] The inner wall of the railway tunnel section 1 is usually arc-shaped (a combination profile of the side wall and the top), and the L-shaped longitudinal partition plate can closely fit the turning area of the tunnel side wall and the top through two mutually perpendicular side edges, i.e., one side edge extends vertically along the tunnel side wall, and the other side edge extends horizontally along the tunnel top, thereby forming a “side-top connection” structure matched with the profile of the tunnel inner wall, so that the space of the non-evacuation area of the tunnel (such as the idle space above and beside the evacuation platform 5) is maximally utilized, the effective width of the evacuation platform 5 is avoided to be occupied, the smoothness of personnel evacuation along the evacuation platform 5 in case of fire is ensured, and the problem of evacuation space occupation caused by the poor fit between the traditional straight plate-shaped partition plate and the arc-shaped inner wall of the tunnel is solved.

[0074] The longitudinal partition plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section 1 (such as being anchored to the secondary lining of the tunnel through pre-buried parts), and the rigidity of the L-shaped structure is combined to significantly improve the anti-deformation ability of the partition plate during smoke exhaust. When the smoke pressure in the longitudinal partition plate flue 6 increases, the two sides of the L-shaped structure can disperse the pressure to the anchor points of the side walls and the top of the tunnel, avoiding the bending or falling off of the partition plate due to excessive stress on a single point, ensuring the sealing of the flue, and solving the problem of easy shaking and sealing failure of the traditional cantilever partition plate under high-pressure smoke.

[0075] Further, the smoke exhaust valve 7 is arranged on the vertical section of the longitudinal partition plate. During a fire, smoke is first collected at the top of the tunnel due to the effect of buoyancy, and then diffuses longitudinally along the tunnel, and at the same time, spreads to the lower side (the side close to the evacuation platform 5) due to air flow disturbance. The vertical section of the L-shaped longitudinal partition plate is adjacent to the upper side of the evacuation platform 5, which is a “key barrier section” for the diffusion of smoke from the top to the evacuation area. The smoke exhaust valve 7 is arranged at this position, which can directly intercept the smoke diffusing to the side of the evacuation platform 5 when opened after a fire occurs, and forcibly guide the smoke into the longitudinal partition plate flue 6, avoiding the smoke from breaking through the partition barrier and invading the evacuation area. Compared with the smoke exhaust valve 7 arranged on the top section, the smoke exhaust valve 7 arranged on the vertical section can more directly block the transverse diffusion path of the smoke to the evacuation space, forming the first smoke exhaust interception line on the side close to the evacuation.

[0076] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the longitudinal partition plate flues 6 of the two tunnel sections 1 are connected to each other through the transverse partition plate flue 8. When a fire occurs, if the fire in a tunnel section 1 (such as the left tunnel) is large, the amount of smoke in the longitudinal partition plate flue 6 thereof may increase rapidly, which may exceed the instant processing capacity of the smoke exhaust valve 7 and the local fan on that side. The connection design of the transverse partition plate flue 8 can form a “reciprocal loop” between the two longitudinal partition plate flues 6, so that the excess smoke in the left flue can be diverted to the right longitudinal partition plate flue 6 through the transverse partition plate flue 8, and the smoke exhaust load can be shared by the smoke exhaust system (the smoke exhaust valve 7, the transverse connecting flue 12, the underground fan, etc.) on the right side, avoiding the leakage of smoke from the gap to the evacuation area due to excessive pressure in the single-side flue. Conversely, if there is no fire in the right tunnel, the longitudinal partition plate flue 6 thereof can serve as a temporary buffer channel for the smoke of the left fire, and the exhaust capacity can be dynamically adjusted through the transverse connection, greatly improving the emergency redundancy of the system in response to extreme fire scenarios (such as flashover and smoke deflagration).

[0077] The ignition section forms a negative pressure due to the exhaust smoke, and the non-ignition section can form a positive pressure due to air supplement, and the smoke is easy to flow from the positive pressure side to the negative pressure side of the evacuation horizontal passage 3 (although there is a smoke protection door 4, but there can be a gap) along the evacuation horizontal passage 3. The transverse partition flue 8 can balance the pressure of the longitudinal partition flue 6 on both sides by air flow (so that the pressure of the double flue tends to be consistent), eliminate the smoke backflow power caused by the pressure difference, and ensure the stability of the air pressure on both sides of the evacuation horizontal passage 3, provide a pressure balance basis for the sealing function of the smoke protection door 4, and strengthen the smoke isolation effect of the evacuation passage.

[0078] Specifically, the transverse partition flue 8 is arranged in multiple and is arranged in intervals along the extension direction of the longitudinal partition flue 6. The tunnel section 1 usually has a long longitudinal extension distance, and the fire smoke will spread quickly along the longitudinal direction. If only a single transverse partition flue 8 is arranged, if the fire point is far away from the communication point, the smoke needs to flow a long distance in the longitudinal partition flue 6 to the communication point to be shunted to the other side, which is easy to cause the smoke to be retained in the flow process due to the increase of resistance, and even leak from the flue gap to the tunnel main body space. When the fire occurs in a certain section of the tunnel (such as K1+200 of the left line tunnel), the 12 transverse partition flues 8 closest to the fire point can directly accept the smoke shunting of the region, so that the smoke does not need to flow a long distance through the longitudinal partition flue 6, but is introduced into the right line longitudinal partition flue 6 through the transverse communication nearby, greatly shortens the smoke exhaust path, reduces the retention time of the smoke in the longitudinal flue, reduces the pressure loss and heat accumulation caused by long-distance flow (long-time retention of high-temperature smoke may damage the flue structure), significantly improves the local smoke exhaust efficiency, avoids the local pressure imbalance caused by the “inability” of a single communication point, and fundamentally blocks the leakage power of the smoke caused by the local pressure difference.

[0079] When the tunnel is on fire, the smoke flow is affected by multiple factors such as the operation of the fan, the state of the smoke exhaust valve 7, the tunnel structure (such as the bend and slope), the external airflow, and shows a high degree of dynamics. If only the air volume data at a single position is relied on, the overall airflow state cannot be reflected-for example, the air volume at one end of the tunnel is normal, but the smoke backflow occurs at the smoke protection door 4 due to the local pressure imbalance, which may cause the smoke to invade the evacuation passage from the gap of the protection door, and the artificial inspection is difficult to capture such local abnormalities in real time.

[0080] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the two ends of the tunnel section 1, the smoke protection door 4 and the underground chamber 15 are all provided with a measuring device for detecting the current air volume information, the measuring device is in communication connection with the controller, and the controller is in communication connection with the smoke exhaust valve 7 and the axial flow fan 14.

[0081] The multi-point arrangement of the measuring device (tunnel ends, smoke protection door 4, underground chamber 15) forms a three-dimensional monitoring network structure, the air volume data at the ends of the tunnel reflect the overall air flow direction and total flow; the air volume data at the smoke protection door 4 directly monitor the isolation effect of the protection door; the air volume data of the underground chamber 15 (provided with an axial flow fan 14) are used to monitor the actual output of the fan, so as to avoid insufficient smoke exhaust power caused by virtual fan.

[0082] If the air volume at one end of the tunnel suddenly decreases, combined with the air volume data of the axial flow fan 14 in the underground chamber 15, the controller can determine that the output of the axial flow fan 14 is insufficient, and immediately instruct the corresponding area smoke exhaust valve 7 to increase the opening degree to compensate for the air volume gap; if abnormal air volume appears at the smoke protection door 4, combined with the air volume data at both ends, it can be determined that the pressure difference on both sides of the protection door is too large, and the controller can instruct the smoke exhaust valve 7 near the protection door to adjust the opening degree to balance the pressure on both sides and prevent smoke leakage through the door gap; if the air volume difference between both ends of the same tunnel section 1 exceeds the threshold value, it indicates that the longitudinal airflow is turbulent (may be caused by local smoke exhaust valve 7 failure), the controller can locate the abnormal section and instruct the smoke exhaust valve 7 in the area to adjust step by step to gradually reduce the air volume difference to a safe range, avoiding airflow turbulence causing reverse diffusion of smoke. The controller can quickly reconstruct the smoke exhaust path based on the multi-point air volume data to avoid the formation of a “dead zone” for smoke in the tunnel, and to gain critical time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue.

[0083] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the tunnel section 1 includes a left tunnel section 1 and a right tunnel section 1, wherein the air volume at both ends of the left tunnel section 1 is Q1 and Q2 respectively, the air volume at both ends of the right tunnel section 1 (1b) is Q3 and Q4 respectively, the total air volume at each smoke protection door 4 (4) is Q5, and the air volume at the underground chamber 15 (9) is Q6. According to the actual engineering, the critical air volume Q7 for smoke exhaust in the tunnel and the minimum air volume Q8 at the protection door are defined;

[0084] The smoke generation Q9 after the fire occurs, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula: - plume mass flow rate, kg / s;

[0087] - plume average temperature, K;

[0088] - ambient absolute temperature, K;

[0089] - gas density at ambient temperature, kg / m 3 ​;

[0090] wherein the plume mass flow rate can be calculated by the following formula:

[0091] ,

[0092] ,

[0093] wherein: - convective heat release rate of the fire source, kW, , The fire source power is 15 MW;

[0094] - flame limit height, m;

[0095] - height of the fuel surface to the bottom of the flue gas layer, m;

[0096] - gas density at ambient temperature, kg / m 3 .

[0097] The plume average temperature T can be calculated by the following formula:

[0098] ,

[0099] wherein: - specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure,

[0100] wherein, if the fire occurs in the left line tunnel section, first open the electric smoke exhaust valve on the longitudinal partition flue in the left line tunnel section, and open the axial flow fan, requiring Q1, Q2 to be greater than Q7, requiring Q5 to be greater than Q8, requiring Q6 to be greater than Q9, if not satisfied, increase the air volume of the axial flow fan until the above requirements are met;

[0101] If the fire occurs in the right line tunnel section, first open the electric smoke exhaust valve on the longitudinal partition flue in the right line tunnel section, and open the axial flow fan, requiring Q3, Q4 to be greater than Q7, requiring Q5 to be greater than Q8, requiring Q6 to be greater than Q9, if not satisfied, increase the air volume of the axial flow fan until the above requirements are met.

[0102] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a working method of a semi-transverse smoke exhaust system of a railway tunnel emergency rescue station is provided.

[0103] The working method comprises the following steps:

[0104] According to the tunnel section information, the smoke generation amount generated by the fire is calculated, and based on the fire scale (such as the type of combustible material, the combustion stage), it is clear that “how much smoke needs to be exhausted”.

[0105] The smoke exhaust critical volume of the tunnel section and the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door are calculated; the smoke exhaust critical volume is the minimum smoke exhaust volume calculated according to the tunnel section size and the air speed requirement, and it is clear that the smoke exhaust volume cannot be lower than a certain value to be safe; the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door is the air volume required to maintain the pressure difference on both sides of the protection door, and it is clear that the air volume at the protection door needs to be at least a certain value to prevent leakage. Thus, the abstract "safety requirement" is converted into specific values that can be measured and compared, so that the subsequent control has a clear "reference", avoiding the blindness of the traditional system "fire is full power operation" (such as using the smoke exhaust volume of large fire when small fire, leading to excessive air volume).

[0106] The air volume at both ends of the left and right tunnel sections is obtained; the total air volume at each smoke protection door is obtained; the air volume of the underground chamber is obtained; according to the obtained air volume values, it is judged whether the air volume of the tunnel section where the fire occurs exceeds the smoke exhaust critical volume, the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door and the smoke generation, and the working state of the smoke exhaust valve and the axial flow fan is controlled correspondingly.

[0107] Compare the "fire section air volume" with the "smoke exhaust critical volume": if the actual air volume < the smoke exhaust critical volume, the smoke exhaust capacity is insufficient, and the smoke may accumulate in the fire section, so it is necessary to open the smoke exhaust valve or increase the power of the axial flow fan to make up the air volume gap;

[0108] Compare the "fire section air volume" with the "smoke generation": if the actual air volume > the smoke generation (and ≥ the smoke exhaust critical volume), the air volume is excessive, which may lead to airflow turbulence in the tunnel (such as driving the smoke to diffuse in the opposite direction) or energy waste, so it is necessary to close some smoke exhaust valves to control the air volume within the range of "smoke generation + safety redundancy";

[0109] Compare the "total air volume at the protection door" with the "minimum air volume": if the actual air volume < the minimum air volume, the pressure difference on both sides of the protection door is insufficient, and the smoke may enter the evacuation passage from the gap, so it is necessary to adjust the nearby smoke exhaust valves (such as closing the smoke exhaust valve on one side of the protection door to increase the pressure on that side) or the axial flow fan (such as increasing the air supply on the evacuation side of the protection door) to make up the air volume to maintain the pressure difference.

[0110] The smoke generation of the fire is dynamically changing, and this working method can track the fire change by "real-time acquisition of air volume + continuous comparison with the reference + dynamic adjustment of equipment": when the fire expands (the smoke generation increases), the measuring device detects that the air volume of the fire section is lower than the new smoke generation, and the controller immediately instructs the smoke exhaust valve to open and the axial flow fan to increase the frequency to increase the smoke exhaust volume; when the fire is controlled (the smoke generation decreases), if the actual smoke exhaust volume is much higher than the current generation, the system automatically closes the smoke exhaust valve and reduces the fan power to avoid energy waste caused by "over-exhaust"; if the sealing gap of the protection door increases due to vibration (the air volume is lower than the minimum air volume), the system can quickly make up the air volume within a certain time by adjusting the surrounding smoke exhaust valves without manual intervention, and re-establish the pressure isolation.

[0111] The working method upgrades the tunnel flue gas control system from passive response to active prevention and control by quantifying the benchmark anchoring target, driving the decision in real time, and dynamically adjusting the adaptation demand, thereby significantly improving the operation efficiency and economy of the system while ensuring the safety of personnel in case of fire.

[0112] In the present disclosure, the measuring device is configured as a thermal air volume sensor.

[0113] In other embodiments, the measuring device can also be configured as an ultrasonic air volume sensor, a differential pressure air volume sensor (including a throttling element), a uniform speed tube air volume sensor, a vane air speed meter, a hot ball / hot wire air speed meter, and an ultrasonic air speed meter in the prior art. In this regard, those skilled in the art can flexibly configure according to actual needs.

[0114] In the present disclosure, the controller is configured as a central processing unit (CPU). Further, the controller is integrally arranged on the terminal. Of course, in other embodiments, the controller can also be configured as a PLC logic controller and arranged at other positions other than the terminal.

[0115] In addition, the controller can also be one of a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0116] In the present disclosure, the controller is respectively connected to various sensors through a cable. In other embodiments, the controller can also be connected to the sensors through wireless communication modules such as Wi-Fi modules and ZigBee modules. In this regard, those skilled in the art can flexibly configure under the technical concept of the present disclosure.

[0117] The above specific embodiments further detail the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present application. It should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and that anyone skilled in the art can derive other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present application. The above-described specific embodiments should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application should be defined by the claims, and the specification can be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. A semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel, comprising multiple parallel evacuation cross passages between two tunnel sections, each tunnel section having a smoke protection door for sealing the evacuation cross passages; both ends of each evacuation cross passage are connected to each tunnel section, and each tunnel section has an evacuation platform on the side closest to the evacuation cross passage, characterized in that, Above the evacuation platform is a longitudinal partition connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section. The longitudinal partition and the inner wall of the tunnel section together form a longitudinal partition flue parallel to the extension direction of the tunnel section. The longitudinal partition is provided with a plurality of smoke exhaust valves spaced apart, and the smoke exhaust valves are normally closed. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system includes a smoke exhaust inclined shaft extending along the X direction, a transverse connecting flue extending along the Y direction, and a longitudinal connecting flue extending along the Z direction. The two ends of the smoke exhaust inclined shaft are respectively connected to an underground axial flow fan and the transverse connecting flue. The longitudinal connecting flue is configured in two sets and is respectively located at both ends of the transverse connecting flue.

2. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for railway tunnel emergency rescue stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the transverse connecting flue are respectively connected to the transverse connecting flue and the longitudinal baffle flue, wherein the smoke exhaust inclined shaft is provided with a vertically arranged middle baffle, and the axial flow fan is arranged opposite to the middle baffle.

3. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for railway tunnel emergency rescue stations according to claim 2, characterized in that, Below the tunnel section is an underground chamber, in which two sets of axial flow fans are installed. The two sets of axial flow fans are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central partition, and the air outlets of the axial flow fans face the passages on both sides of the central partition.

4. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal partition is L-shaped, and both ends of the longitudinal partition are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel section.

5. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust valve is located in the vertical section of the longitudinal partition.

6. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal baffle flues of the two tunnel sections are interconnected through transverse baffle flues.

7. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple transverse baffle flues are provided and spaced apart along the extension direction of the longitudinal baffle flues.

8. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Measuring devices for detecting current air volume information are installed at both ends of the tunnel section, at the smoke protection door, and in the underground cavern. The measuring devices are communicatively connected to the controller, and the controller is communicatively connected to the smoke exhaust valve and the axial flow fan.

9. The semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for an emergency rescue station in a railway tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The tunnel section includes a left tunnel section and a right tunnel section. The air volume at both ends of the left tunnel section is Q1 and Q2, respectively, and the air volume at both ends of the right tunnel section is Q3 and Q4, respectively. The total air volume at each smoke protection door is Q5, and the air volume at the underground chamber is Q6. According to the actual engineering, the critical air volume for smoke exhaust in the tunnel is defined as Q7 and the minimum air volume at the protection door is Q8. The formula for calculating the amount of smoke generated after a fire, Q9, is as follows: ， In the formula: —Plume mass flow rate, kg / s; —Mean plume temperature, K; —Ambient absolute temperature, K; —Gas density at ambient temperature, kg / m³ 3 ; The mass flow rate of the plume can be calculated using the following formula: ， ， In the formula: —The convective heat release rate of the heat source, in kW. , The heat source power is 15MW; —Flame maximum height, m; —Height from the fuel surface to the bottom of the flue gas layer, in meters; —Gas density at ambient temperature, kg / m³ 3 ; The average temperature T of the plume can be calculated using the following formula: ， In the formula: The specific heat capacity of air at constant pressure; If the fire occurs in the left tunnel section, first open the electric smoke exhaust valve on the longitudinal partition flue in the left tunnel section and turn on the axial flow fan. Q1 and Q2 are required to be greater than Q7, Q5 is required to be greater than Q8, and Q6 is required to be greater than Q9. If these requirements are not met, increase the air volume of the axial flow fan until the above requirements are met. If the fire occurs in the right tunnel section, first open the electric smoke exhaust valve on the longitudinal partition flue in the right tunnel section and turn on the axial flow fan. Q3 and Q4 should be greater than Q7, Q5 should be greater than Q8, and Q6 should be greater than Q9. If these requirements are not met, increase the air volume of the axial flow fan until the above requirements are met.

10. A method for operating a semi-lateral smoke exhaust system for a railway tunnel emergency rescue station as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Calculate the amount of smoke generated by the fire based on tunnel section information; Calculate the critical air volume for smoke exhaust in the tunnel section and the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door; Obtain the air volume at both ends of the left tunnel section and the right tunnel section; Obtain the total air volume at each flue gas protection door; To obtain the air volume of the underground cavern; Based on the obtained air volume value, determine whether the air volume in the tunnel section where the fire occurred exceeds the critical air volume for smoke exhaust, the minimum air volume at the smoke protection door, and the amount of smoke generated, and control the working status of the smoke exhaust valve and axial flow fan accordingly.

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