Ventilation and dust reduction device and method for long-distance tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a long-distance tunnel construction ventilation and dust fall device and method.The long-distance tunnel construction ventilation and dust fall device comprises a moving box body, a water storage bin is formed in the right side of the bottom end in the moving box body, a filtering assembly is arranged in the water storage bin, and a guiding assembly is arranged on the upper portion in the moving box body; the top of the moving box main body is provided with a spraying assembly, the filtering assembly is used for filtering air guided into the water storage bin, the filtering assembly comprises a filtering net connected to the interior of the water storage bin in a sliding mode, and the top end of the interior of the water storage bin is connected with a moving frame in a sliding mode. According to the device, through the collaborative design of the filtering assembly, the guiding assembly and the spraying assembly, the core pain points of low filtering efficiency, disordered airflow guiding and narrow spraying coverage of traditional tunnel ventilation and dust falling equipment are solved, and the practicability of the device is improved from the dimensions of purification depth, airflow control and dust falling range through the three assemblies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a ventilation and dust suppression device and method for long-distance tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] Ventilation and dust suppression are often necessary during tunnel construction. The purpose of ventilation and dust suppression is to replace and purify the air inside the tunnel, dilute the concentration of harmful gases, reduce dust content, ensure the health and safety of construction workers, and improve labor productivity. Specifically, tunnel construction generates a large amount of smoke, dust, and harmful gases, while also releasing heat and moisture. These factors make the air inside the tunnel polluted, posing a threat to the health of construction workers and reducing work efficiency. Ventilation can effectively expel harmful gases, heat, and dust from the tunnel while introducing fresh air, thus maintaining fresh and circulating air inside the tunnel. Furthermore, reducing dust content can reduce equipment wear, extend equipment lifespan, and improve construction efficiency. Therefore, ventilation and dust suppression in tunnel construction are crucial measures to ensure construction safety, protect the health of construction workers, and improve construction efficiency.

[0003] Existing long-distance tunnels mostly use forced-flow axial flow fans and flexible ventilation ducts. The fans deliver fresh air to the tunnel face through the ducts. However, when the ducts are laid inside the tunnel, they are prone to bending and air leakage due to terrain and construction interference. This causes air circulation to stagnate in areas up to 500 meters downstream of the tunnel face, creating dead zones where dust and harmful gases cannot be effectively expelled. This system can only achieve air replacement and cannot directly reduce dust concentration, requiring the use of other dust suppression equipment. Furthermore, the ventilation energy consumption is high, making it unsuitable for projects with long construction periods and cost sensitivity. Existing fixed sprinkler systems... These dust collectors are mostly installed on the tunnel sidewalls, with fixed nozzle angles and a spray radius of only 3-4 meters. This makes it difficult to cover the wide cross-section of long tunnels, resulting in numerous blind spots. Existing single-unit dust collectors mostly use a single filter mode, which is not efficient at filtering fine suspended dust, and the filters are prone to clogging, requiring frequent manual disassembly and cleaning, which seriously affects the continuity of construction. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve existing ventilation and dust suppression devices and design a new type of ventilation and dust suppression device and method for long-distance tunnel construction to solve the above-mentioned technical defects and improve the overall practicality of the ventilation and dust suppression device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ventilation and dust suppression device and method for long-distance tunnel construction, which solves the problems of difficult dust control, easy accumulation of harmful gases, and poor equipment coordination in long-distance tunnels.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction includes a mobile box body. A water storage tank is provided on the right side of the bottom of the mobile box body. A filter assembly is provided inside the water storage tank. A guide assembly is provided on the upper part of the mobile box body. A spray assembly is provided on the top of the mobile box body. The filter assembly is used to filter the air introduced into the water storage tank. The filter assembly includes a filter screen that is slidably connected to the inside of the water storage tank. A movable frame is slidably connected to the top of the inside of the water storage tank. A closing plate is rotatably connected to the rear end of the movable box body. The guiding component is used to guide air from the outside of the mobile box body into the interior of the water storage tank; The spray assembly is used to spray the air outside the main body of the mobile box. The spray assembly includes a fixed frame fixedly connected to the top of the main body of the mobile box, a rotating frame rotatably connected to the fixed frame, a nozzle fixedly connected to the top of the rotating frame, and a connecting pipe provided at the front end of the nozzle.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a guide block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable frame, a first drive screw is rotatably connected to the top of the inside of the water storage tank, the movable frame is threadedly connected to the first drive screw, and the drive end of a first drive motor is fixedly connected to the outside of the first drive screw.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two sets of sleeves are fixedly connected to the rear end of the mobile box body and above the closing plate. A moving rod is slidably connected inside the sleeve. The moving rod extends to the outside of the mobile box body and is rotatably connected to a rotating rod. The rotating rod is rotatably connected to the closing plate.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a connecting ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the movable rod and inside the sleeve, a compression spring is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting ring and outside the movable rod, and a pressure block is fixedly connected to the top of the movable frame.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second drive screw is rotatably connected inside the water storage tank and inside the filter screen. The filter screen is threadedly connected to the second drive screw, and the top of the second drive screw is fixedly connected to the drive end of a second drive motor.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guiding component includes multiple sets of baffles fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the inside of the mobile box body. A dust pump is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the inside of the mobile box body. A collection trough is provided inside the mobile box body and below the multiple sets of baffles. The collection trough extends into the inside of the water storage tank. A dust suction hood is fixedly connected to the input end of the dust pump. The output end of the dust pump extends into the inside of the water storage tank. A first water pump is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rear end of the mobile box body. A delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the first water pump. The delivery pipe extends into the inside of the mobile box body and is fixedly connected to multiple sets of spray pipes outside the multiple sets of baffles.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first guide fans are fixedly connected to the front end of the mobile box body, a second guide fan is fixedly connected to the left side of the bottom end of the mobile box body, and dustproof nets are fixedly connected to both sides of the mobile box body.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a third drive motor is fixedly connected inside the rotating frame, a worm is fixedly connected to the drive end of the third drive motor, a worm wheel is meshed with the outer side of the worm, a first drive gear is fixedly connected to the bottom of the worm wheel, a second drive gear is meshed with the outer side of the first drive gear, a connecting frame is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second drive gear, and the first drive gear, the second drive gear and the worm wheel are all rotatably connected to the connecting frame.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a transmission rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting frame, a guide rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the transmission rod, the guide rod is rotatably connected to the fixed frame, the second drive gear is fixedly connected to the transmission rod, and a second water pump is fixedly connected to the inside of the water storage tank through the connecting pipe.

[0014] The method of using the long-distance tunnel construction ventilation and dust suppression device of the present invention includes: S1. Check the overall condition of the device to ensure that the main body of the mobile box is undamaged, the water storage tank is well sealed, all components are firmly connected and there is no looseness or damage. Fill the water storage tank with enough clean water. The water level must meet the operating requirements of the device to avoid affecting the dust reduction effect due to insufficient water. Check whether the power connection of each motor, water pump, dust pump and fan is normal to ensure that the power supply of the equipment is stable. S2. Start multiple sets of first guide fans to guide the air in the tunnel to flow towards the main body of the mobile box; at the same time, start the dust pump to create negative pressure at the front end of the main body of the mobile box, and draw the dust-laden air from the outside into the device. S3. Start the first water pump. The water in the water storage tank is delivered to multiple sets of spray pipes through the delivery pipe. The spray pipes spray water into the air to initially reduce dust. When the air passes through multiple sets of baffles, the flow rate is reduced, which further improves the dust reduction effect of spraying. The water after spraying is returned to the water storage tank through the collection tank for recycling. S4. The air that has undergone preliminary dust reduction enters the water storage tank under the action of the dust suction pump, and undergoes secondary dust reduction through the water in the water storage tank; the second guide fan is activated to discharge the filtered clean air through the dustproof nets on both sides of the mobile box body to achieve tunnel ventilation. S5. Start the second water pump. Water in the water storage tank is transported to the nozzle through the connecting pipe. Start the third drive motor. Its drive end drives the worm to rotate. Through the transmission of the worm wheel, the first drive gear and the second drive gear, the transmission rod and the guide rod drive the rotating frame to swing back and forth, thereby making the nozzle spray water back and forth, expanding the spray range and reducing external dust in the tunnel construction area. S6. When a lot of impurities and dust accumulate in the water storage tank, start the second drive motor, which drives the second drive screw to rotate, causing the filter screen to move to the top of the water storage tank. The impurities on the filter screen move upwards accordingly. Start the first drive motor, which drives the first drive screw to rotate, causing the moving frame and bottom guide block to move. The guide block pushes the impurities on the filter screen to the rear end of the water storage tank. At the same time, the pressure block at the top of the moving frame pushes the moving rod, which opens the closing plate through the rotating rod. The impurities move out of the water storage tank with the guide block, completing the cleaning. S7. After cleaning, start the first and second drive motors in reverse to reset the moving frame and filter screen, disengage the pressure block from the moving rod, compress the spring to reset the moving rod and rotating rod, close the closing plate, and restore the device to standby state.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, through the design of the filter components, the filter screen can accurately intercept fine dust and impurities in the air. Combined with the water washing filtration of the water storage tank, a dual purification mode of physical interception and water washing dissolution is formed. It can not only filter solid particles such as rock dust and cement dust, but also dissolve some harmful gases, reducing the dust concentration in the exhaust air and significantly reducing the risk of pneumoconiosis for construction workers. Through the linkage of the first drive motor and the second drive motor, the dust cleaning can be fully automated. When the dust attached to the filter screen exceeds the threshold, the second drive screw drives the filter screen to move upward, and the first drive screw pushes the moving frame, which pushes the dust through the guide block. The closing plate is automatically opened by pressing the moving rod, which simultaneously compresses the pressure block and opens the closing plate to discharge impurities. This eliminates the need for manual disassembly and cleaning. Compared to traditional equipment that requires 2-3 hours of downtime for manual slag removal, this component can shorten the cleaning time to 15-20 minutes and reduce the number of maintenance personnel by 2-3, thus reducing labor costs while ensuring continuous operation of the device. After cleaning, the compression spring drives the moving rod to reset via the connecting ring, causing the closing plate to close automatically. This prevents dust from entering the water storage tank from the tunnel and contaminating the water quality. This extends the service life of the water storage tank and reduces the frequency of water replenishment, making it particularly suitable for mountainous tunnel construction scenarios where water resources are scarce.

[0016] 2. In this invention, through the design of the guiding component, the dust pump and dust hood form a negative pressure zone at the front end of the device, which can forcibly suck in dust within a range of 10-15 meters. Multiple sets of baffles can slow down the airflow speed, preventing high-speed airflow from carrying dust through, and ensuring that the dust and spray water come into full contact. Actual test data shows that this design can improve the dust capture rate. The first guiding fan at the front end can guide the dust to flow towards the device, and the second guiding fan at the rear end can transport the purified air to the depth of the tunnel, forming a closed-loop airflow of dust collection at the front end, purification in the middle, and exhaust at the rear end. Compared with the problems of turbulent airflow and easy formation of dead corners in traditional equipment, this component can improve the air circulation efficiency in the tunnel and quickly reduce the concentration of harmful gases. The first water pump draws water from the water storage tank, sprays it onto the air through the spray pipe, and the dust-laden water flows back to the water storage tank through the collection tank, realizing the recycling of water resources.

[0017] 3. In this invention, through the design of the spray assembly, the third drive motor drives the rotating frame to reciprocate at an angle of 30°-60° via the transmission of a worm gear, worm wheel, and drive gear. This expands the spray range of the nozzle from the traditional fixed radius of 3-4 meters to a radius of 8-10 meters, forming a continuous water mist curtain that can intercept suspended dust in the air. The second drive gear drives the transmission rod to rotate, and with the limiting effect of the guide rod, the rotating frame swings without deviation or jamming, ensuring stable spray water pressure. This avoids the problems of sudden water pressure drop and spray interruption during the swing of traditional equipment. Even in tunnel vibration scenarios, the nozzle can still maintain stable spraying, adapting to complex construction environments. The second water pump connected to the connecting pipe can independently adjust the water output, flexibly adjusting for different working conditions. In high-concentration dust scenarios after blasting, the water volume can be increased and the swing angle reduced; in support operations, the water volume can be reduced and the swing angle increased. This on-demand adjustment design ensures dust suppression effect while avoiding water waste, adapting to the dust suppression needs of different construction stages in tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conveying pipe structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the mobile box of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mobile box of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile frame structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the closed plate structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spray assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating frame structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the mobile tank; 2. Water storage tank; 3. Filter assembly; 4. Guide assembly; 5. Spray assembly; 6. Filter screen; 7. Mobile frame; 8. Closing plate; 9. Fixed frame; 10. Rotating frame; 11. Spray head; 12. Connecting pipe; 13. Guide block; 14. First drive screw; 15. First drive motor; 16. Sleeve; 17. Moving rod; 18. Rotating rod; 19. Connecting ring; 20. Compression spring; 21. Pressure block; 22. Second... 23. Drive screw; 24. Second drive motor; 25. Baffle plate; 26. Dust pump; 27. Collection tank; 28. First water pump; 29. ​​Dust hood; 30. Conveying pipe; 31. Spray pipe; 32. First guide fan; 33. Second guide fan; 34. Dustproof net; 35. Third drive motor; 36. Worm gear; 37. First drive gear; 38. Second drive gear; 39. Connecting frame; 40. Transmission rod; 41. Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0021] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction includes a mobile box body 1, a water storage tank 2 is provided on the right side of the bottom of the mobile box body 1, a filter assembly 3 is provided inside the water storage tank 2, a guide assembly 4 is provided on the upper part of the mobile box body 1, and a spray assembly 5 is provided on the top of the mobile box body 1. The filter assembly 3 is used to filter the air introduced into the water storage tank 2. The filter assembly 3 includes a filter screen 6 that is slidably connected to the inside of the water storage tank 2, a movable frame 7 that is slidably connected to the top of the inside of the water storage tank 2, and a closing plate 8 that is rotatably connected to the rear end of the movable box body 1. The guide assembly 4 is used to guide air from the outside of the mobile box body 1 into the interior of the water storage tank 2; The spray assembly 5 is used to spray the air outside the mobile box body 1. The spray assembly 5 includes a fixed frame 9 fixedly connected to the top of the mobile box body 1, a rotating frame 10 rotatably connected to the fixed frame 9, a nozzle 11 fixedly connected to the top of the rotating frame 10, and a connecting pipe 12 provided at the front end of the nozzle 11.

[0022] Furthermore, a guide block 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable frame 7, and a first drive screw 14 is rotatably connected to the top of the inside of the water storage tank 2. The movable frame 7 is threadedly connected to the first drive screw 14, and the drive end of the first drive motor 15 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first drive screw 14. When the first drive motor 15 is started, the first drive screw 14 is driven to rotate through the drive end of the first drive motor 15, so that the movable frame 7 connected to it can be displaced, thereby driving the guide block 13 to be displaced.

[0023] Two sets of sleeves 16 are fixedly connected to the rear end of the mobile box body 1 and above the closing plate 8. A moving rod 17 is slidably connected inside the sleeve 16. The moving rod 17 extends to the outside of the mobile box body 1 and is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 18. The rotating rod 18 is rotatably connected to the closing plate 8. A connecting ring 19 is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod 17 and inside the sleeve 16. A compression spring 20 is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting ring 19 and outside the moving rod 17. A pressure block 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the mobile frame 7. A second drive screw 22 is rotatably connected inside the water storage tank 2 and inside the filter screen 6. The filter screen 6 is threadedly connected to the second drive screw 22. The drive end of a second drive motor 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the second drive screw 22. When it is necessary to clean the dust and impurities inside the water storage tank 2, the second drive motor 23 is started, and the drive end of the second drive motor 23 drives the second drive screw 22 to rotate, causing the threaded filter screen 6 to rotate. As the filter screen 6 moves upward, the impurities and dust deposited on it are moved to the top of the water storage tank 2. At this time, the movement of the moving frame 7 causes the guide block 13 to move, which in turn moves the impurities and dust on the filter screen 6. Simultaneously, the movement of the moving frame 7 causes the pressure block 21 to move, bringing it into contact with the two sets of moving rods 17. This causes the moving rods 17 to move, which in turn moves the rotating rod 18, pulling the closing plate 8 to rotate and opening it. The movement of the moving frame 7 allows the guide block 13 to move the dust and impurities out of the water storage tank 2, cleaning them and preventing excessive accumulation of impurities inside the water storage tank 2, which would affect air filtration. The filter screen 6 and the moving frame 7 are then reset, causing the pressure block 21 to disconnect from the moving rods 17. The compression spring 20 then drives the connecting ring 19 to reset, causing the moving rod 17 to reset, which in turn drives the rotating rod 18 to reset, thus closing the closing plate 8.

[0024] Secondly, the guide assembly 4 includes multiple sets of baffles 24 fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the inside of the mobile box body 1. A vacuum pump 25 is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the inside of the mobile box body 1. A collection trough 26 is provided inside the mobile box body 1 and below the multiple sets of baffles 24. The collection trough 26 extends into the inside of the water storage tank 2. A vacuum hood 28 is fixedly connected to the input end of the vacuum pump 25. The output end of the vacuum pump 25 extends into the inside of the water storage tank 2. A first water pump 27 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rear end of the mobile box body 1. A delivery pipe 29 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first water pump 27. The delivery pipe 29 extends into the inside of the mobile box body 1 and is fixedly connected to multiple sets of spray pipes 30 outside the multiple sets of baffles 24. Multiple sets of first guide fans 31 are fixedly connected to the front end of the mobile box body 1. A second guide fan 32 is fixedly connected to the left side of the bottom of the inside of the mobile box body 1. Dustproof nets 3 are fixedly connected to both sides of the mobile box body 1. 3. During tunnel construction, multiple sets of first guide fans 31 are activated to guide the air outside the mobile box body 1. The dust pump 25 is activated to create negative pressure at the front end of the mobile box body 1, drawing the air from outside the mobile box body 1 into the interior of the mobile box body 1. Multiple sets of baffles 24 block the air and reduce its flow rate. Simultaneously, the first water pump 27 is activated to guide the water flow from the water storage tank 2 into the water delivery pipe. Multiple sets of spray pipes 30 spray the air to reduce dust. The sprayed water flow is then returned to the water storage tank 2 through the collection tank 26. The continuous operation of the dust pump 25 allows air to be drawn into the water storage tank 2, where the water reduces dust. The second guide fan 32 is activated to guide the filtered air, allowing it to be discharged through the dustproof net 33, thereby ventilating and reducing dust inside the tunnel.

[0025] Furthermore, a third drive motor 34 is fixedly connected inside the rotating frame 10. A worm gear 35 is fixedly connected to the drive end of the third drive motor 34. A worm wheel 36 is meshed with the outer side of the worm gear 35. A first drive gear 37 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the worm wheel 36. A second drive gear 38 is meshed with the outer side of the first drive gear 37. A connecting frame 39 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the second drive gear 38. The first drive gear 37, the second drive gear 38, and the worm wheel 36 are all rotatably connected to the connecting frame 39. A transmission rod 40 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the connecting frame 39. A guide rod 41 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the transmission rod 40. The guide rod 41 is rotatably connected to the fixed frame 9. The second drive gear 37... 8 is fixedly connected to the transmission rod 40. The connecting pipe 12 extends into the interior of the water storage tank 2 and is fixedly connected to the second water pump. When the second water pump is started, water from the bottom of the water storage tank 2 is introduced into the interior of the connecting pipe 12 and sprayed out through the nozzle 11. The third drive motor 34 is started to drive the worm gear 35 to rotate, which causes the worm wheel 36 to rotate, which drives the first drive gear 37 to rotate, which causes the second drive gear 38 to rotate, which drives the transmission rod 40 to rotate and displace around the second drive gear 38, causing the guide rod 41 to move and drive the rotating frame 10 to reset and swing, thereby causing the nozzle 11 to swing back and forth, thus increasing the spraying range and enabling effective dust suppression spraying.

[0026] In this embodiment, the specific implementation scenario is as follows: During tunnel boring machine (TBM) or drill-and-blast excavation, a large amount of rock dust and metal debris will be continuously generated at the excavation face. At the same time, the TBM power system and blasting operations will release harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and diesel exhaust. At this time, this device can be deployed on the tunnel sidewall or beside the track at a distance of 50-100 meters from the excavation face. Multiple sets of first guide fans 31 are activated to form a directional airflow, guiding the high concentration of dust and harmful gases generated at the excavation face toward the device. At the same time, the dust pump 25 is turned on, and negative pressure is generated through the dust hood 28 to draw air into the mobile box body 1. After the air enters the device, it first passes through multiple sets of baffles 24 to slow down the flow rate. At this time, the first water pump 27 is activated to transport water in the water storage tank 2 to the spray nozzle through the delivery pipe 29. The spray pipe 30 performs the initial dust suppression spraying on the air. The dust combines with water to form mud, which flows back to the water storage tank 2 through the collection tank 26. The air after the initial dust suppression is transported to the water in the water storage tank 2 by the dust suction pump 25 for secondary water washing and filtration. Some harmful gases dissolve in the water, and the remaining dust is intercepted by the filter screen 6. Finally, the second guide fan 32 is activated to discharge the purified air through the dustproof nets 33 on both sides, realizing the air circulation and purification around the tunnel face, ensuring the breathing safety of tunneling workers, and preventing dust from adhering to the precision parts of the tunneling equipment and causing wear. During the tunnel anchor installation and shotcrete support stages, the shotcrete operation will generate a large amount of cement dust. The dust particles are small and easily suspended in the air. At this time, the device can be moved to the support operation point 3. Within a range of 0-50 meters, adjust the usage method. In addition to activating the regular ventilation and dust suppression function of the guide assembly 4, focus on activating the top spray assembly 5, start the second water pump, and transport the water in the water storage tank 2 to the nozzle 11 through the connecting pipe 12. At the same time, start the third drive motor 34, which, through the transmission of the worm gear 35, worm wheel 36, first drive gear 37 and second drive gear 38, drives the rotating frame 10 to swing back and forth, so that the nozzle 11 sprays water mist at a swing angle of 30°-60° and a coverage radius of 5-8 meters. This intercepts the suspended dust generated by the shotcrete in the air, reduces the dust concentration in the support operation area, and prevents workers from inhaling cement dust and causing pneumoconiosis. Since the support operation cycle is relatively long, the dust can be cleaned regularly through the filter assembly 3 during this period. When the dust intercepted by the inner filter screen 6 reaches a certain amount, the second drive motor 23 is activated, which drives the filter screen 6 to move upward to the top of the water storage tank 2 via the second drive screw 22. Then, the first drive motor 15 is activated, causing the moving frame 7 to drive the guide block 13 to push the dust on the filter screen 6 towards the closing plate 8. At the same time, the pressure block 21 squeezes the moving rod 17, and the closing plate 8 is opened by the rotating rod 18, discharging the dust to the temporary waste collection vehicle in the tunnel. This prevents dust from accumulating in the water storage tank and affecting the filtration effect, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the device. During drill-and-blast construction, within 10-15 minutes after the blasting operation, the dust concentration is high and air circulation is stagnant within 200 meters of the excavation face. At this time, this device needs to be used as the core dust suppression equipment in conjunction with the tunnel's main ventilation fan. After the blasting is completed...After the safety inspection is completed, the guiding component 4 and spraying component 5 of the device are immediately activated. The first guiding fan 31 and the tunnel main ventilation fan form a coordinated airflow to quickly guide the high concentration of dust and harmful gases generated by the blast into the device. The spray pipe 30 and nozzle 11 are activated simultaneously to form a three-dimensional spray net. The nozzle 11 covers the area between the excavation face and the device by reciprocating oscillation, quickly reducing the dust concentration in the air. The dust pump 25 powerfully delivers the air to the water storage tank 2 for washing, dissolving some carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. After filtration, clean air is discharged by the second guiding fan 32. Due to the large amount of dust and impurities after the blast, the cleaning process of the filter component 3 can be repeated 2-3 times within 1 hour to ensure the cleanliness of the water in the water storage tank 2, prevent mud from clogging the spray pipe 30 and nozzle 11, and ensure that the device continues to work efficiently during the critical dust dissipation window after the blast, creating conditions for subsequent muck removal operations. To create a safe air environment, when transporting excavated soil and materials in tunnels by rail, the moving vehicles raise dust on the ground, and the vehicle exhaust increases the concentration of harmful gases. This device can be deployed in conjunction with the transport rail, with one unit every 500 meters, forming a segmented purification zone. When a transport vehicle passes near the device, the first guide fan 31 of the device automatically starts, generating a lateral airflow to guide the dust raised by the vehicle into the device for filtration. At the same time, the top nozzles 11 spray water mist on both sides of the rail to moisten the ground and reduce dust accumulation from subsequent vehicles. The water storage tank 2 of the device can be replenished periodically through a temporary water supply pipeline in the tunnel. The discharged cleaning dust can be simultaneously transported out of the tunnel by the transport vehicles, achieving linkage with the transport system and reducing the overall dust accumulation in the tunnel. Compared with existing ventilation and dust suppression devices, this invention improves the overall practicality of ventilation and dust suppression devices through its design.

[0027] The method of using the long-distance tunnel construction ventilation and dust suppression device of the present invention includes: Step 1: Check the overall condition of the device to ensure that the main body 1 of the mobile box is undamaged, the water storage tank 2 is well sealed, and all components are firmly connected without loosening or damage. Pour sufficient clean water into the water storage tank 2. The water level must meet the operating requirements of the device to avoid affecting the dust reduction effect due to insufficient water. Check whether the power connection of each motor, water pump, dust pump 25 and fan is normal to ensure stable power supply to the equipment. Step 2: Start multiple sets of first guide fans 31 to guide the air in the tunnel to flow towards the mobile box body 1; at the same time, start the dust pump 25 to create negative pressure at the front end of the mobile box body 1, and draw the dust-laden air from the outside into the device. Step 3: Start the first water pump 27. The water in the water storage tank 2 is transported to multiple sets of spray pipes 30 through the delivery pipe 29. The spray pipes 30 spray water into the air to initially reduce dust. When the air passes through multiple sets of baffles 24, the flow rate is reduced, which further improves the dust reduction effect of spraying. The water after spraying is returned to the water storage tank 2 through the collection tank 26 for recycling. Step 4: The air that has undergone preliminary dust reduction enters the water storage tank 2 under the action of the dust pump 25, and undergoes secondary dust reduction through the water in the water storage tank; the second guide fan 32 is started to discharge the filtered clean air through the dustproof nets 33 on both sides of the mobile box body 1 to achieve tunnel ventilation.

[0028] Step 5: Start the second water pump. Water in the water storage tank 2 is transported to the nozzle 11 through the connecting pipe 12. Start the third drive motor 34. Its drive end drives the worm gear 35 to rotate. Through the transmission of the worm wheel 36, the first drive gear 37, and the second drive gear 38, the transmission rod 40 and the guide rod 41 drive the rotating frame 10 to swing back and forth, thereby causing the nozzle 11 to spray water back and forth, expanding the spraying range and reducing dust in the tunnel construction area. Step 6: When there is a lot of impurities and dust accumulated in the water storage tank 2, start the second drive motor 23, which drives the second drive screw 22 to rotate, so that the filter screen 6 moves up to the top of the water storage tank 2. The impurities on the filter screen move up with it. Start the first drive motor 15, which drives the first drive screw 14 to rotate, so that the moving frame 7 and the bottom guide block 13 are displaced. The guide block 13 pushes the impurities on the filter screen to the rear end of the water storage tank 2. At the same time, the pressure block 21 at the top of the moving frame 7 pushes the moving rod 17, and opens the closing plate 8 through the rotating rod 18. The impurities move out of the water storage tank 2 with the guide block 13, and the cleaning is completed. Step 7: After cleaning is completed, start the first drive motor 15 and the second drive motor 23 in reverse to reset the moving frame 7 and the filter screen 6. The pressure block 21 will disengage from the moving rod 17. The compression spring 20 will drive the moving rod 17 and the rotating rod 18 to reset. The closing plate 8 will close and the device will return to standby mode.

[0029] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction, comprising a mobile box body (1), characterized in that: A water storage tank (2) is provided on the right side of the bottom of the mobile box body (1). A filter assembly (3) is provided inside the water storage tank (2). A guide assembly (4) is provided on the upper part of the mobile box body (1). A spray assembly (5) is provided on the top of the mobile box body (1). The filter assembly (3) is used to filter the air introduced into the water storage tank (2). The filter assembly (3) includes a filter screen (6) that is slidably connected to the inside of the water storage tank (2). A movable frame (7) is slidably connected to the top of the inside of the water storage tank (2). A closing plate (8) is rotatably connected to the rear end of the movable box body (1). The guide component (4) is used to guide the air outside the mobile box body (1) into the interior of the water storage tank (2); The spray assembly (5) is used to spray the air outside the mobile box body (1). The spray assembly (5) includes a fixed frame (9) fixedly connected to the top of the mobile box body (1). A rotating frame (10) is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (9). A nozzle (11) is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating frame (10). A connecting pipe (12) is provided at the front end of the nozzle (11).

2. The ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the movable frame (7) is fixedly connected to a guide block (13), and the top of the inside of the water storage tank (2) is rotatably connected to a first drive screw (14). The movable frame (7) is threadedly connected to the first drive screw (14), and the drive end of the first drive motor (15) is fixedly connected to the outside of the first drive screw (14).

3. The ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two sets of sleeves (16) are fixedly connected to the rear end of the mobile box body (1) and above the closing plate (8). A moving rod (17) is slidably connected inside the sleeve (16). The moving rod (17) extends to the outside of the mobile box body (1) and is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (18). The rotating rod (18) is rotatably connected to the closing plate (8).

4. The ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting ring (19) is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving rod (17) and inside the sleeve (16). A compression spring (20) is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting ring (19) and outside the moving rod (17). A pressure block (21) is fixedly connected to the top of the moving frame (7).

5. A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water storage tank (2) is rotatably connected to the filter screen (6), and the filter screen (6) is threadedly connected to the second drive screw (22). The top of the second drive screw (22) is fixedly connected to the drive end of the second drive motor (23).

6. The ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly (4) includes multiple sets of baffles (24) fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the inside of the mobile box body (1). A vacuum pump (25) is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the inside of the mobile box body (1). A collection trough (26) is provided inside the mobile box body (1) and below the multiple sets of baffles (24). The collection trough (26) extends into the inside of the water storage tank (2). A vacuum hood (28) is fixedly connected to the input end of the vacuum pump (25). The output end of the vacuum pump (25) extends into the inside of the water storage tank (2). A first water pump (27) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rear end of the mobile box body (1). A delivery pipe (29) is fixedly connected to the outside of the first water pump (27). The delivery pipe (29) extends into the inside of the mobile box body (1) and is fixedly connected to multiple sets of spray pipes (30) outside the multiple sets of baffles (24).

7. A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front end of the mobile box body (1) is fixedly connected to multiple sets of first guide fans (31), the bottom left side of the mobile box body (1) is fixedly connected to a second guide fan (32), and dustproof nets (33) are fixedly connected to both sides of the mobile box body (1).

8. A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating frame (10) is internally fixedly connected to a third drive motor (34). The drive end of the third drive motor (34) is fixedly connected to a worm (35). The outer side of the worm (35) is meshed with a worm wheel (36). The bottom of the worm wheel (36) is fixedly connected to a first drive gear (37). The outer side of the first drive gear (37) is meshed with a second drive gear (38). The outer side of the second drive gear (38) is rotatably connected to a connecting frame (39). The first drive gear (37), the second drive gear (38), and the worm wheel (36) are all rotatably connected to the connecting frame (39).

9. A ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the connecting frame (39) is rotatably connected to a transmission rod (40), the bottom of the transmission rod (40) is rotatably connected to a guide rod (41), the guide rod (41) is rotatably connected to the fixed frame (9), the second drive gear (38) is fixedly connected to the transmission rod (40), and the connecting pipe (12) extends into the interior of the water storage tank (2) and is fixedly connected to a second water pump.

10. A method of using the ventilation and dust suppression device for long-distance tunnel construction as described in claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method of use includes the following steps: S1. Check the overall condition of the device to ensure that the main body (1) of the mobile box is undamaged, the water storage tank (2) is well sealed, and all components are firmly connected without loosening or damage. Pour enough clean water into the water storage tank (2). The water level must meet the operating requirements of the device to avoid affecting the dust reduction effect due to insufficient water. Check whether the power connection of each motor, water pump, dust pump (25) and fan is normal to ensure stable power supply to the equipment. S2. Start multiple sets of first guide fans (31) to guide the air in the tunnel to flow towards the main body of the mobile box (1); at the same time, start the dust pump (25) to generate negative pressure at the front end of the main body of the mobile box (1) and draw the dusty air from the outside into the device. S3. Start the first water pump (27). The water in the water storage tank (2) is transported to multiple sets of spray pipes (30) through the delivery pipe (29). The spray pipes (30) spray water into the air to initially reduce dust. When the air passes through multiple sets of baffles (24), the flow rate decreases, further improving the dust reduction effect of spraying. The water after spraying flows back to the water storage tank (2) through the collection tank (26) for recycling. S4. The air that has undergone preliminary dust reduction enters the water storage tank (2) under the action of the dust pump (25), and undergoes secondary dust reduction through the water in the water storage tank; the second guide fan (32) is started to discharge the filtered clean air through the dustproof net (33) on both sides of the moving box body (1) to achieve tunnel ventilation; S5. Start the second water pump. Water in the water storage tank (2) is transported to the nozzle (11) through the connecting pipe (12). Start the third drive motor (34). Its drive end drives the worm (35) to rotate. Through the transmission of the worm wheel (36), the first drive gear (37), and the second drive gear (38), the transmission rod (40) and the guide rod (41) drive the rotating frame (10) to swing back and forth, thereby allowing the nozzle (11) to spray water back and forth, expanding the spraying range and reducing dust in the tunnel construction area. S6. When there is a lot of impurities and dust in the water storage tank (2), start the second drive motor (23), which drives the second drive screw (22) to rotate, so that the filter screen (6) moves up to the top of the water storage tank (2), and the impurities on the filter screen move up accordingly. Start the first drive motor (15), which drives the first drive screw (14) to rotate, so that the moving frame (7) and the bottom guide block (13) are displaced. The guide block (13) pushes the impurities on the filter screen to the rear end of the water storage tank (2). At the same time, the pressure block (21) at the top of the moving frame (7) pushes the moving rod (17), and opens the closing plate (8) through the rotating rod (18). The impurities move out of the water storage tank (2) with the guide block (13), and the cleaning is completed. S7. After cleaning, start the first drive motor (15) and the second drive motor (23) in reverse to reset the moving frame (7) and the filter screen (6), disengage the pressure block (21) from the moving rod (17), and compress the spring (20) to drive the moving rod (17) and the rotating rod (18) to reset, close the closing plate (8), and restore the device to standby state.

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