Geometric tolerance detection device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of geometric tolerance detection equipment, including measuring table, three-axis moving device, three-axis moving device is provided with measuring instrument, measuring table is provided with deflection instrument, deflection instrument includes fixed centre bit seat and movable centre bit seat that can be moved relative to fixed centre bit seat, fixed centre bit seat and movable centre bit seat are all rotationally arranged with centre bit part, and centre bit part includes centre bit part main body and replaceable centre bit head;The side of deflection instrument is provided with centre bit head detection replacement device;Centre bit seat detection replacement device includes moving mechanism, rotating switching mechanism is provided on moving mechanism, and standard measurement shaft and a plurality of centre bit head grabbing mechanisms are provided on rotating switching mechanism.The precision determination mode of wear evaluation is carried out using standard measurement shaft, so as to accurately obtain the wear condition of the current centre bit head, replace the centre bit head in time, avoid the influence on the subsequent detection accuracy, and avoid unnecessary waste caused by premature replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical testing equipment technology, and in particular to a geometric tolerance testing device. Background Technology

[0002] In high-end equipment fields such as machinery manufacturing, automotive parts, and aerospace, accurate detection of geometric tolerances (such as radial runout, cylindricity, straightness, and flatness) is a core element in ensuring product assembly precision and reliability. Geometric tolerance testing equipment is not only used in various precision parts production scenarios but also in university teaching, especially in majors such as mechanical design and manufacturing.

[0003] In existing geometric tolerance inspection equipment, runout gauges typically employ a structure with a fixed center seat and a movable center seat. Positioning is achieved by the centers on the two end centers pressing against the center holes at both ends of the workpiece (shaft-type parts). Measuring instruments (dial indicators, micrometers, etc.) are then used to measure various tolerance parameters. However, during long-term use, repeated contact between the centers and the workpiece's center holes leads to wear on the centers, especially when inspecting high-hardness, high-precision parts. This wear directly causes positioning datum offset errors. Worn centers cannot achieve precise contact with the workpiece's center holes, causing the measurement datum axis to shift, introducing datum errors. This results in excessive radial runout and cylindricity measurements, causing the inspection data to deviate from the true values ​​and failing to meet the quality control requirements of high-precision manufacturing.

[0004] To address the issue of tip wear, existing technologies generally employ manual periodic replacement. Operators must replace the tips periodically based on equipment usage time. However, this manual periodic replacement method has the following problems: First, this periodic replacement method is not based on the actual wear condition of the tips, which may result in severe wear before the replacement cycle, leading to batch product testing errors, or premature replacement (when the tips reach their replacement cycle, their actual wear condition is not severe, making replacement unnecessary and wasting resources); Second, the manual replacement process is cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a geometric tolerance inspection device.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a geometric tolerance inspection device, comprising a measuring table and a three-axis moving device, wherein a measuring instrument is mounted on the three-axis moving device, and a runout meter is mounted on the measuring table. The runout meter includes a fixed center seat and a movable center seat that can move relative to the fixed center seat. A center component is rotatably mounted on both the fixed and movable center seats. The center component includes a center component body and a replaceable center head. A center head detection and replacement device is mounted on one side of the runout meter. The center seat detection and replacement device includes a moving mechanism, wherein a rotation switching mechanism is mounted on the moving mechanism, and a standard measuring axis and several center head gripping mechanisms are mounted on the rotation switching mechanism. At least one center head gripping mechanism is in an unloaded state, and at least one center head gripping mechanism is in a clamping state. A spare center head is clamped on the center head gripping mechanism in the clamping state.

[0007] The standard measuring axis is used to detect and determine whether the center head on the fixed center head and the movable center head has met the replacement condition. If the center head has met the replacement condition, the center head is removed from the center head body of the center component through the center head gripping mechanism in the no-load state, and the spare center head is installed into the center head body of the center component through the center head gripping mechanism in the clamping state.

[0008] Preferably, a center hole is provided at the center of both ends of the standard measuring shaft. The method for determining whether the center head meets the replacement condition is as follows: the standard measuring shaft is sent between the fixed center seat and the movable center seat through the moving mechanism and the rotating switching mechanism on the center seat detection and replacement device, and the two ends of the standard measuring shaft are pressed together by the center components on the fixed center seat and the movable center seat, and the center head on the center component is pushed into the center hole at the end of the standard measuring shaft; the standard measuring shaft is measured by a measuring instrument, and the measurement items include the radial runout of the standard measuring shaft and the cylindricity of the standard measuring shaft; when the measured value of any measurement item is greater than its set threshold, it is determined that the center head meets the replacement condition, and the center head on the fixed center seat and the movable center seat is replaced.

[0009] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes a first linear module, a second linear module disposed on the first linear module, and a fixed frame disposed on the second linear module; the rotation switching mechanism includes a bushing disposed on the fixed frame, a rotating shaft rotatably connected in the bushing, and a rotation drive mechanism disposed on the fixed frame for driving the rotating shaft to rotate; both ends of the rotating shaft are provided with a first connecting arm and several second connecting arms, the first connecting arm is provided with a support ring, and the standard measuring shaft is placed in the support ring; the tip gripping mechanism is disposed on the second connecting arm.

[0010] Preferably, the support ring is provided with a fixed arc support and a movable arc support, and the support ring is provided with a clamping driver for driving the movable arc support to move; the fixed arc support and the movable arc support are located on both sides of the support ring; the standard measuring shaft is placed between the fixed arc support and the movable arc support.

[0011] Preferably, the tip includes a base component and a tip body located at the center of the base component. The base component has an annular groove, which is coaxially arranged with the tip body. The tip gripping mechanism includes a base plate connected to the second connecting arm, a positioning post on the base plate, and an inner support clamping component. The inner support clamping component includes a tube, one end of which is connected to the base plate, and the other end of which is provided with an expansion flap assembly. The expansion flap assembly includes several expansion flaps arranged in a circular array. A cone block is located at the center of the expansion flap assembly, and an outer cone surface is provided on the cone block. An inner cone surface is provided on the inner side of the expansion flap assembly, and the outer cone surface on the cone block contacts the inner cone surface on the inner side of the expansion flap assembly. A tensioning drive mechanism is provided inside the tube for pushing the cone block to move axially along the expansion flap assembly. When the tip gripping mechanism clamps the tip, the positioning post and the inner support clamping component are inserted into the annular groove on the tip. The tensioning drive mechanism drives the expansion flaps to expand outward so that the expansion flaps press tightly against the inner wall of the annular groove on the tip.

[0012] Preferably, a truncated cone is provided on one side of the base component, and a pull rod is provided at one end of the truncated cone; a conical hole that mates with the truncated cone is provided at the end of the main body of the tip component near the tip head, and a pull claw mechanism is provided inside the main body of the tip component; when the tip head is installed on the main body of the tip component, the outer positioning conical surface of the truncated cone fits against the hole wall of the conical hole, and the pull claw mechanism grabs one end of the pull rod and applies an axial tension force to the tip head.

[0013] Preferably, the tube body is provided with a guide cavity, and the expansion drive mechanism includes a slider and a fifth motor slidably disposed in the guide cavity. A screw is connected to the output shaft of the fifth motor, and the slider is provided with a threaded hole corresponding to the screw. The screw and the threaded hole are threadedly engaged. The slider and the cone are connected by a push rod.

[0014] Preferably, the yaw meter further includes a second guide rail, a second motor, and a third motor. A fixed center seat is fixedly disposed at one end of the second guide rail, and a movable center seat is slidably disposed on the second guide rail. A second lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the second motor. The second lead screw is parallel to the second guide rail and is threadedly engaged with the movable center seat. A first gear is connected to the third motor, and a second gear is disposed at one end of the center component on the fixed center seat. The first gear meshes with the second gear.

[0015] Preferably, the measuring platform is equipped with a V-groove positioning device, which includes a first guide rail, a fixed V-block, a movable V-block, and a first motor. The fixed V-block is fixedly mounted on one end of the first guide rail, and the movable V-block is slidably connected to the first guide rail. Both the fixed V-block and the movable V-block have V-grooves at their upper ends. The first motor is connected to a first lead screw, and the first lead screw is threadedly engaged with the movable V-block. An end limiting plate is provided on the fixed V-block.

[0016] Preferably, the measuring platform is provided with a support arrangement area, a support is provided in the support arrangement area, and a side positioning plate is provided on one side of the support arrangement area.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention adopts a precise determination method for wear assessment using a standard measuring axis, that is, using the detection data of the standard measuring axis as the basis for replacement, thereby accurately knowing the current wear condition of the tip. When the tip reaches the replacement condition, it is replaced in a timely manner, avoiding the impact on the accuracy of subsequent detection, and avoiding unnecessary waste caused by premature replacement. When it is determined that the tip has reached the replacement condition, the tip holder detection and replacement device can automatically replace the worn tip through the tip gripping mechanism, without the need for manual operation during the replacement process; saving time and effort, and reducing labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the V-groove positioning device.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the yaw meter and the tip detection and replacement device.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the top component.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tip structure.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a partial sectional view of the top component.

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a tip inspection and replacement device in one direction.

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the tip inspection and replacement device from another direction.

[0026] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of section A.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the tip of the device being clamped to one end of a standard measuring shaft.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal support clamping component.

[0029] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the tip gripping mechanism in both unloaded and clamping states.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Measuring platform; 2. Three-axis moving device; 3. Measuring instrument; 4. V-groove positioning device; 4-1. First guide rail; 4-2. Fixed V-block; 4-3. Movable V-block; 4-4. End limiting plate; 4-5. First lead screw; 4-6. First motor; 5. Yaw gauge; 5-1. Second guide rail; 5-2. Fixed center seat; 5-3. Movable center seat; 5-4. Second lead screw; 5-5. Third motor; 5-6. First gear; 5-7. Second gear; 5-8. Second motor; 5-9. Second lead screw; 5-9. Center component body; 5-9a. Claw mechanism; 5-10. Center head; 5-10a. Center head body; 5-10b. Base support component; 5-10c. Annular groove; 5-10d. Frustum; 5-10e. Pull rod; 6. Center head inspection and replacement device; 6-1. First linear module; 6-2. Second linear module, 6-3, fixing bracket, 6-4, bushing, 6-5, rotating shaft, 6-6, first connecting arm, 6-7, support ring, 6-8, standard measuring axis, 6-8a, center hole, 6-9, clamping driver, 6-10, second connecting arm, 6-11, base plate, 6-12, inner support clamping component, 6-12a, tube body, 6-12b, guide cavity, 6-12c, fifth motor, 6-12d, slider 6-12e, Screw; 6-12f, Guide groove; 6-12g, Push rod; 6-12h, Expansion flap; 6-12i, Cone block; 6-13, Positioning pin; 6-14, Fourth motor; 6-15, First pulley; 6-15, Second pulley; 6-16, Second pulley; 6-17, Transmission belt; 6-18, Fixed arc support; 6-19, Movable arc support; 7, Rotation device; 8, Support component; 9, Side positioning plate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0033] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 12 Geometric tolerance inspection equipment includes a measuring table 1, a three-axis moving device 2, a measuring instrument 3 mounted on the three-axis moving device 2, and a runout meter 5 mounted on the measuring table 1. The runout meter 5 includes a fixed center seat 5-2 and a movable center seat 5-3 that can move relative to the fixed center seat 5-2. Both the fixed center seat 5-2 and the movable center seat 5-3 are rotatably equipped with center components, each center component including a center component body 5-9 and a replaceable center head 5-10. A center head inspection and replacement device 6 is located on one side of the runout meter 5. The center seat inspection and replacement device includes a moving mechanism, a rotary switching mechanism, and a standard measuring axis 6- on the rotary switching mechanism. 8 and several tip gripping mechanisms, at least one tip gripping mechanism is in an unloaded state and at least one tip gripping mechanism is in a clamping state; a spare tip 5-10 is clamped on the tip gripping mechanism in the clamping state; the tip 5-10 on the fixed tip seat 5-2 and the movable tip seat 5-3 is detected and determined by the standard measuring axis 6-8 to see if it meets the replacement conditions; if the tip 5-10 meets the replacement conditions, the tip 5-10 is removed from the tip component body 5-9 by the tip gripping mechanism in the unloaded state and the spare tip 5-10 is installed on the tip component body 5-9 by the tip gripping mechanism in the clamping state.

[0035] The standard measuring shaft 6-8 has a center hole 6-8a at both ends. The method for determining whether the center head 5-10 meets the replacement conditions is as follows: The standard measuring shaft 6-8 is sent between the fixed center seat 5-2 and the movable center seat 5-3 by the moving mechanism and the rotating switching mechanism on the center seat detection and replacement device. The two ends of the standard measuring shaft 6-8 are pressed together by the center components on the fixed center seat 5-2 and the movable center seat 5-3, and the center head 5-10 on the center component is pushed into the center hole 6-8a at the end of the standard measuring shaft 6-8. The standard measuring shaft 6-8 is measured by the measuring instrument 3. The measurement items include the radial runout and the cylindricity of the standard measuring shaft 6-8. When the measured value of any measurement item is greater than its set threshold, the center head 5-10 is determined to meet the replacement conditions, and the center head 5-10 on the fixed center seat 5-2 and the movable center seat 5-3 is replaced.

[0036] In this invention, the three-axis moving device 2 adopts existing technology. The three-axis moving device 2 is used to drive the measuring instrument 3 to move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis to adjust the spatial position of the measuring instrument, so that the measuring instrument 3 can move flexibly and accurately to the required measuring position and perform measurement.

[0037] The runout gauge 5 includes a fixed center seat 5-2 and a movable center seat 5-3. The fixed center seat 5-2 is fixed in position and cannot be moved, while the movable center seat 5-3 can move relative to the fixed center seat 5-2. The movement of the movable center seat 5-3 achieves clamping of the workpiece being measured. The center components on the fixed center seat 5-2 and the center components on the movable center seat 5-3 are arranged coaxially.

[0038] The center component on the fixed center seat 5-2 is connected to the power device. The power device can drive the center component to rotate, thereby causing the workpiece to be measured to rotate around its own central axis. By cooperating with the measuring instrument 3 on the three-axis moving device 2, the coaxiality, radial runout, axial runout, perpendicularity, parallelism and other measurement items of shaft workpieces can be realized.

[0039] In existing technologies, when the center tip 5-10 wears down, it cannot precisely align with the center hole of the workpiece, causing a shift in the positioning reference axis. This results in deviations from the true values ​​for measured values ​​such as radial runout and cylindricity, leading to inaccurate measurement results. In this invention, a standard measuring axis 6-8 is used as the detection reference component. The standard measuring axis 6-8 is manufactured using precision machining technology, and its dimensional data and geometric tolerances are known. When detecting whether the center tip 5-10 is worn to the point of needing replacement, the standard measuring axis 6-8 is used as a benchmark to evaluate the condition of the center tip 5-10.

[0040] For example, after the standard measuring shaft 6-8 is manufactured, its radial runout value, analyzed by precision instruments, is 0.02-0.03 mm. At this point, the radial runout threshold can be set to 0.04 mm (considering differences in equipment, actual clamping errors, and ambient temperature, the radial runout threshold should be slightly higher than the upper limit of the radial runout value of the standard measuring shaft 6-8). Theoretically, when the standard measuring shaft 6-8 is placed on the runout gauge 5 for testing, its radial runout value should be less than the set threshold (0.04 mm). If the actual measured value is greater than the set threshold (0.04 mm), it indicates that the positioning reference axis has shifted to a certain extent, and it can be determined that the center head 5-10 has suffered severe wear, meeting the replacement criteria and requiring replacement. During replacement, the center heads 5-10 on both the fixed center seat 5-2 and the movable center seat 5-3 should be replaced simultaneously.

[0041] After replacement, the test can be performed again via the standard measuring shaft 6-8. If the measured value drops below the set threshold, it indicates that the wear problem of the center head 5-10 has been resolved, and the yaw meter 5 can operate normally. If, after replacing the center head 5-10, the actual measured value of the tolerance of the standard measuring shaft 6-8 is still greater than the set threshold, it indicates that there is a systematic error in the entire yaw meter 5 (such as installation errors of the fixed center head 5-2 and the movable center head 5-3). In this case, manual inspection and troubleshooting of the systematic error are necessary.

[0042] When determining whether the center head 5-10 needs to be replaced, multiple tests can be performed using the standard measuring axis 6-8 to eliminate abnormal test data and rule out random errors.

[0043] The existing technology uses manual periodic replacement of the tip 5-10, which suffers from the problems of "replacing before damage" leading to resource waste and "not replacing after damage" leading to decreased detection reliability. This invention abandons the periodic replacement model and instead uses a precise wear assessment method based on the standard measuring axis 6-8. That is, the detection data from the standard measuring axis 6-8 is used as the basis for replacement, thereby accurately determining the current wear condition of the tip 5-10. When the tip 5-10 reaches the replacement condition, it is replaced promptly, avoiding any impact on the accuracy of subsequent detections and preventing unnecessary waste caused by premature replacement.

[0044] In this invention, when the tip 5-10 is determined to meet the replacement conditions, the tip holder detection and replacement device can automatically replace the worn tip 5-10 through the tip gripping mechanism, without requiring manual operation during the replacement process. This saves time and effort and reduces labor costs.

[0045] like Figures 7 to 8As shown, the moving mechanism includes a first linear module 6-1, a second linear module 6-2 mounted on the first linear module 6-1, and a fixed frame 6-3 mounted on the second linear module 6-2; the rotating switching mechanism includes a bushing 6-4 mounted on the fixed frame 6-3, a rotating shaft 6-5 rotatably connected in the bushing 6-4, and a rotating drive mechanism mounted on the fixed frame 6-3 for driving the rotating shaft 6-5 to rotate; both ends of the rotating shaft 6-5 are provided with a first connecting arm 6-6 and several second connecting arms 6-10, and a support ring 6-7 is provided on the first connecting arm 6-6, in which a standard measuring shaft 6-8 is placed; the tip gripping mechanism is mounted on the second connecting arm 6-10.

[0046] The first linear module 6-1 and the second linear module 6-2 are arranged perpendicularly to each other. Through the cooperation of the first linear module 6-1 and the second linear module 6-2, the fixed frame 6-3 can be driven to move bidirectionally along the X and Y axes. The first linear module 6-1 and the second linear module 6-2 are precisely controlled by sampling servo motors. By precisely driving the fixed frame 6-3 and the subsequent rotation switching mechanism, standard measuring axis 6-8, and tip gripping mechanism, the first linear module 6-1 and the second linear module 6-2 can flexibly move the fixed frame 6-3 and the subsequent rotation switching mechanism, standard measuring axis 6-8, and tip gripping mechanism. This allows the standard measuring axis 6-8 to be accurately delivered to the inspection station between the fixed tip seat 5-2 and the movable tip seat 5-3, and the tip gripping mechanism to be moved to the replacement station at the tip component, easily covering the entire process of inspection and replacement.

[0047] The rotary drive mechanism can drive the rotating shaft 6-5 to rotate, thereby causing the connecting arm on the rotating shaft 6-5 to switch positions. For example, when performing inspection via the standard measuring shaft 6-8, the standard measuring shaft 6-8 on the first connecting arm 6-6 can be rotated to the working position; after determining that the tip 5-10 needs to be replaced, the tip gripping mechanism on the second connecting arm 6-10 can be rotated to the working position. The inspection and replacement process can be switched without additional movement of the entire mechanism, which greatly shortens the process connection time and improves the overall work efficiency.

[0048] The rotary drive mechanism includes a fourth motor 6-14 mounted on a fixed frame 6-3, a first pulley 6-15 connected to the fourth motor 6-14, and a second pulley 6-15 mounted on a rotating shaft 6-5. A transmission belt 6-17 connects the first pulley 6-15 and the second pulley 6-15. The fourth motor 6-14 drives the first pulley 6-15 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating shaft 6-5 to rotate, thus realizing the rotary switching function of the rotary switching mechanism.

[0049] like Figure 9As shown, a fixed arc support 6-18 and a movable arc support 6-19 are provided inside the support ring 6-7. A clamping driver 6-9 for driving the movable arc support 6-19 to move is provided on the support ring 6-7. The fixed arc support 6-18 and the movable arc support 6-19 are located on both sides of the support ring 6-7, respectively. The standard measuring shaft 6-8 is placed between the fixed arc support 6-18 and the movable arc support 6-19.

[0050] The first connecting arm 6-6 serves as the mounting carrier for the support ring 6-7. When the rotary switching mechanism is in operation, or when the standard measuring shaft 6-8 is in a non-detection state, the clamping driver 6-9 drives the movable arc support 6-19 to clamp the standard measuring shaft 6-8, ensuring it is stably fixed within the support ring 6-7 and preventing it from detaching from the support ring 6-7 during the rotary switching process. When the standard measuring shaft 6-8 is in the detection working state, the clamping driver 6-9 drives the movable arc support 6-19 to release the standard measuring shaft 6-8. After both ends of the standard measuring shaft 6-8 are secured by the fixed center seat 5-2 and the movable center seat 5-3, the rotary switching mechanism will rotate at an appropriate angle, completely detaching the standard measuring shaft 6-8 from the support ring (i.e., the standard measuring shaft 6-8 is completely suspended within the support ring 6-7). This prevents the support ring 6-7 from affecting the detection of the standard measuring shaft 6-8.

[0051] like Figure 5 , Figure 11 , Figure 12As shown, the tip 5-10 includes a base support component 5-10b and a tip body 5-10a disposed at the center of the base support component 5-10b. An annular groove 5-10c is provided on the base support component 5-10b, and the annular groove 5-10c is coaxially arranged with the tip body 5-10a. The tip gripping mechanism includes a base plate 6-11 connected to the second connecting arm 6-10, a positioning post 6-13 disposed on the base plate 6-11, and an inner support clamping component 6-12. The inner support clamping component 6-12 includes a tube 6-12a, one end of which is connected to the base plate 6-11, and the other end of which is provided with an expansion flap assembly 6-12h, which includes a plurality of expansion flaps 6-12h arranged in a circular array. A cone block 6-12i is provided at the center of the expansion flap 6-12h assembly, and an outer cone surface is provided on the cone block 6-12i; an inner cone surface is provided on the inner side of the expansion flap 6-12h assembly, and the outer cone surface on the cone block 6-12i contacts the inner cone surface on the inner side of the expansion flap 6-12h assembly; a tensioning drive mechanism is provided inside the tube body 6-12a for pushing the cone block 6-12i to move axially along the expansion flap 6-12h assembly; when the tip gripping mechanism clamps the tip 5-10, the positioning post 6-13 and the inner support clamping component 6-12 are both inserted into the annular groove 5-10c on the tip 5-10, and the expansion flap 6-12h is driven to expand outward by the tensioning drive mechanism so that the expansion flap 6-12h is pressed against the inner wall of the annular groove 5-10c on the tip 5-10.

[0052] Each base plate 6-11 is equipped with two positioning posts 6-13 and two internal support clamping components 6-12. The base support component 5-10b has an annular groove 5-10c coaxial with the tip body 5-10a, providing a clamping position for the gripping mechanism. The annular inner wall of the annular groove 5-10c provides a complete force-bearing surface for the internal support clamping. During clamping, the positioning posts 6-13 and the internal support clamping components 6-12 are simultaneously inserted into the annular groove 5-10c. The positioning posts 6-13 can quickly calibrate the relative position of the tip 5-10 and the gripping mechanism, preventing offset or tilting of the internal support clamping components 6-12 during insertion. This pre-positioning function significantly reduces the alignment error during subsequent clamping by the expansion flaps 6-12h of the internal support clamping components 6-12, providing a foundation for stable clamping and improving the repeatability of positioning for each gripping operation. The inner support clamping component 6-12 adopts a combination of expansion flap 6-12h and cone block 6-12i. The cone block 6-12i is driven to move axially by the expansion driving mechanism. The expansion flap 6-12h is expanded outward by the force of the cone surface to clamp the tip 5-10. When the cone block 6-12i moves in the opposite direction (moving away from the expansion flap 6-12h), the expansion flap 6-12h contracts under its own elasticity, thereby contacting and pressing against the inner wall of the annular groove 5-10c, thus releasing the tip 5-10.

[0053] This internal support method allows the expansion flap (6-12h) to press tightly against the inner wall from inside the annular groove (5-10c), forming a clamping mode that allows for 360° full-circumference contact. The entire gripping process is automated through the expansion drive mechanism, making operation quick and efficient.

[0054] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a truncated cone 5-10d is provided on one side of the base support component 5-10b, and a pull rod 5-10e is provided at one end of the truncated cone 5-10d; a conical hole that mates with the truncated cone 5-10d is provided at one end of the tip component body 5-9 near the tip head 5-10, and a claw mechanism 5-9a is provided inside the tip component body 5-9; when the tip head 5-10 is installed on the tip component body 5-9, the outer positioning conical surface of the truncated cone 5-10d fits against the wall of the conical hole, and the claw mechanism 5-9a grasps one end of the pull rod 5-10e and applies an axial tension force to the tip head 5-10.

[0055] The puller mechanism 5-9a grips the pull rod 5-10e on one side of the tip 5-10 and applies an axial tension force to it, ensuring that the tip 5-10 is firmly mounted on the tip component body 5-9. The axial force applied by the puller mechanism 5-9a also ensures that the cone 5-10d on the tip 5-10 fits tightly with the tapered hole on the tip component body 5-9, achieving precise positioning of the tip 5-10. When the puller mechanism 5-9a releases the pull rod 5-10e, the tip 5-10 is released, allowing it to be detached from the tip component body 5-9 for replacement.

[0056] The pull claw mechanism 5-9a adopts existing technology.

[0057] Specifically, the tensioning drive mechanism includes a slider 6-12d slidably disposed within the guide cavity 6-12b and a fifth motor 6-12c. A screw 6-12e is connected to the output shaft of the fifth motor 6-12c. The slider 6-12d has a threaded hole corresponding to the screw 6-12e, and the screw 6-12e is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole. The slider 6-12d and the cone block 6-12i are connected via a push rod 6-12g. The fifth motor 6-12c drives the screw 6-12e to rotate, thereby moving the slider 6-12d within the tube 6-12a, which in turn drives the cone block 6-12i to move via the push rod 6-12g. The slider 6-12d has a guide boss on one side, and the inner wall of the tube 6-12a has a guide groove 6-12f along the axial direction. The guide boss is embedded in the guide groove 6-12f. The cooperation between the guide boss and the guide groove 6-12f prevents the slider 6-12d from rotating.

[0058] The yaw meter 5 also includes a second guide rail 5-1, a second motor 5-8, and a third motor 5-5. A fixed center seat 5-2 is fixedly mounted on one end of the second guide rail 5-1, and a movable center seat 5-3 is slidably mounted on the second guide rail 5-1. A second lead screw 5-4 is connected to the output shaft of the second motor 5-8. The second lead screw 5-4 is parallel to the second guide rail 5-1, and the second lead screw 5-4 is threadedly engaged with the movable center seat 5-3. A first gear 5-6 is connected to the third motor 5-5, and a second gear 5-7 is provided at one end of the center component on the fixed center seat 5-2. The first gear 5-6 meshes with the second gear 5-7.

[0059] The second motor 5-8 drives the second lead screw 5-4 to rotate. The threaded engagement between the second lead screw 5-4 and the movable center seat 5-3 precisely converts the rotational motion of the second motor 5-8 into the linear motion of the movable center seat 5-3 along the second guide rail 5-1. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation direction and rotation angle of the second motor 5-8, the distance between the movable center seat 5-3 and the fixed center seat 5-2 can be flexibly adjusted. Whether it is a short shaft or a long shaft component, the distance can be quickly adjusted to a suitable level and the workpiece can be clamped, eliminating the need for manual pushing and fixing of the center seat, thus greatly improving the workpiece clamping efficiency.

[0060] When the third motor 5-5 is running, the power can be stably transmitted to the center component on the fixed center seat 5-2 through the meshing of the first gear 5-6 and the second gear 5-7, driving the center head 5-10 and the pressed workpiece to rotate smoothly.

[0061] A V-groove positioning device 4 is installed on the measuring table 1. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the V-groove positioning device 4 includes a first guide rail 4-1, a fixed V-block 4-2, a movable V-block 4-3, and a first motor 4-6. The fixed V-block is fixedly mounted on one end of the first guide rail 4-1, and the movable V-block 4-3 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 4-1. V-grooves are provided at the upper ends of both the fixed V-block 4-2 and the movable V-block 4-3. The first motor 4-6 is connected to the first lead screw 4-5, and the first lead screw 4-5 is threadedly engaged with the movable V-block. An end limiting plate 4-4 is provided on the fixed V-block 4-2.

[0062] The V-groove positioning device 4, in conjunction with the measuring instrument 3, enables the measurement of geometric tolerances such as straightness and parallelism of shaft-type workpieces. The V-grooves of the fixed and movable V-blocks form a positioning structure through line contact with the cylindrical surface of the shaft-type workpiece. The geometric characteristics of the V-groove automatically calibrate the workpiece position, ensuring that the workpiece's axis automatically aligns with the center line connecting the two V-blocks, regardless of minute differences in workpiece diameter. This achieves high-precision centering and lays the foundation for accurate subsequent geometric tolerance testing. The end limiting plate 4-4 is used for axial limiting of the workpiece.

[0063] The first motor 4-6 drives the first lead screw 4-5 to rotate, converting the rotational motion into linear motion of the movable V-block along the first guide rail 4-1, thereby flexibly adjusting the distance between the two V-blocks. Whether it is a short shaft-type workpiece or a long shaft-type workpiece, the movable V-block can be quickly adjusted to a suitable distance, improving the compatibility of the device with workpieces of different specifications.

[0064] The measuring table 1 has an area for arranging support members 8, and a side positioning plate 9 is located on one side of this area. The support members 8 are used for positioning and supporting flat or block-shaped workpieces. The side positioning plate 9 serves as a reference for the workpiece being measured, used for lateral positioning. In conjunction with tools such as sine bars, gauge blocks, and pressure plates, geometric tolerances such as flatness, straightness, inclination, parallelism, perpendicularity, and position of the workpiece can be measured.

[0065] The measuring table 1 is also equipped with a rotary device 7, which is a three-jaw self-centering chuck that can rotate horizontally. It can clamp shaft-type workpieces and make the workpiece rotate around its own central axis through the rotation function of the rotary device 7 to measure its radial runout and other geometric tolerances.

[0066] This invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Anyone can derive other products in various forms under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes in shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same as or similar to this application falls within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. Geometric tolerance detection apparatus, characterized in that, The utility model provides a kind of measuring device, including measuring table, three-axis moving device, measuring instrument is provided on three-axis moving device, and deflection instrument is provided on measuring table, deflection instrument includes fixed centre rest and movable centre rest that can be moved relative to fixed centre rest, top pin part is rotatably arranged on fixed centre rest and movable centre rest, and top pin part includes top pin part main body and replaceable top pin head;Top pin head detection replacement device is arranged on the side of deflection instrument;Top pin seat detection replacement device includes moving mechanism, rotating switching mechanism is arranged on moving mechanism, standard measurement shaft and a plurality of top pin head grabbing mechanisms are arranged on rotating switching mechanism, at least one top pin head grabbing mechanism is in idle state, and at least one top pin head grabbing mechanism is in clamping state;One spare top pin head is clamped on the top pin head grabbing mechanism in clamping state; Whether top pin head on fixed centre rest and movable centre rest reaches replacement condition is detected and judged by standard measurement shaft;If top pin head reaches replacement condition, top pin head on top pin part main body is taken off by top pin head grabbing mechanism in idle state, and spare top pin head is loaded into top pin part main body by top pin head grabbing mechanism in clamping state.

2. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The center of both ends of the standard measurement shaft is provided with a top pin hole; The method for judging whether the top pin head reaches the replacement condition is as follows: the standard measurement shaft is sent to between the fixed centre rest and the movable centre rest by the moving mechanism and the rotating switching mechanism on the top pin seat detection replacement device, and the both ends of the standard measurement shaft are tightly pressed by the top pin parts on the fixed centre rest and the movable centre rest, and the top pin head on the top pin part is inserted into the top pin hole in the end of the standard measurement shaft;The standard measurement shaft is measured by the measuring instrument, and the measurement items include the radial runout of the standard measurement shaft and the cylindricity of the standard measurement shaft;When the measurement value of any measurement item is greater than the set threshold value, it is determined that the top pin head reaches the replacement condition, and the top pin head on the fixed centre rest and the movable centre rest is replaced.

3. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The moving mechanism includes a first linear module, a second linear module arranged on the first linear module, and a fixed frame arranged on the second linear module;The rotating switching mechanism includes a shaft sleeve arranged on the fixed frame, a rotating shaft rotatably connected in the shaft sleeve, and a rotating drive mechanism arranged on the fixed frame and used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate;Both ends of the rotating shaft are provided with a first connecting arm and a plurality of second connecting arms, a supporting ring is arranged on the first connecting arm, and the standard measurement shaft is placed in the supporting ring;The top pin head grabbing mechanism is arranged on the second connecting arm.

4. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein A fixed arc support and a movable arc support are arranged in the supporting ring, and a clamping driver for driving the movable arc support to move is arranged on the supporting ring;The fixed arc support and the movable arc support are respectively located on both sides of the supporting ring. The standard measurement shaft is placed between the fixed arc support and the movable arc support.

5. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The top head comprises a bottom support part and a top head main body arranged at the center of the bottom support part, and an annular groove is arranged on the bottom support part and coaxially arranged with the top head main body; the top head grabbing mechanism comprises a base plate connected with the second connecting arm, a positioning column arranged on the base plate and an inner support clamping part; the inner support clamping part comprises a pipe body, one end of the pipe body is connected with the base plate, the other end of the pipe body is provided with a bulbar assembly, the bulbar assembly comprises a plurality of bulbar arranged in a circular array, a taper block is arranged at the center of the bulbar assembly, an outer taper surface is arranged on the taper block; an inner taper surface is arranged on the inner side of the bulbar assembly, the outer taper surface on the taper block is in contact with the inner taper surface on the inner side of the bulbar assembly; a bulging driving mechanism is arranged in the pipe body for driving the taper block to move axially along the bulbar assembly; when the top head grabbing mechanism clamps the top head, the positioning column and the inner support clamping part are inserted into the annular groove on the top head, and the bulbar is driven outward by the bulging driving mechanism to make the bulbar abut against the inner wall of the annular groove on the top head.

6. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus of claim 5, wherein, One side of the bottom support part is provided with a conical frustum, one end of the conical frustum is provided with a pull rod; one end of the top head part main body close to the top head is provided with a taper hole matched with the conical frustum, and a pull claw mechanism is arranged in the top head part main body; when the top head is installed on the top head part main body, the outer positioning taper surface on the outer side of the conical frustum is attached to the hole wall of the taper hole, the pull claw mechanism grabs one end of the pull rod and applies an axial tension force to the top head.

7. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus of claim 5, wherein A guide cavity is arranged in the pipe body, the bulging driving mechanism comprises a sliding block slidingly arranged in the guide cavity and a fifth motor, a screw rod is connected to the output shaft of the fifth motor, a threaded hole corresponding to the screw rod is arranged on the sliding block, and the screw rod is in threaded connection with the threaded hole; the sliding block and the taper block are connected through a push rod.

8. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein The deflection instrument further comprises a second guide rail, a second motor and a third motor, the fixed top head seat is fixedly arranged at one end of the second guide rail, the movable top head seat is slidingly arranged on the second guide rail, a second screw rod is connected to the output shaft of the second motor, the second screw rod is parallel to the second guide rail, and the second screw rod is in threaded connection with the movable top head seat; a first gear is connected to the third motor, one end of the top head part on the fixed top head seat is provided with a second gear, and the first gear is in meshing connection with the second gear.

9. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A V-shaped groove positioning device is arranged on the measuring table, the V-shaped groove positioning device comprises a first guide rail, a fixed V-shaped block, a movable V-shaped block and a first motor, the fixed V-shaped block is fixedly arranged at one end of the first guide rail, and the movable V-shaped block is slidingly connected to the first guide rail; V-shaped grooves are arranged at the upper ends of the fixed V-shaped block and the movable V-shaped block; the first motor is connected with a first screw rod, and the first screw rod is in threaded connection with the movable V-shaped block; an end limiting plate is arranged on the fixed V-shaped block.

10. The geometric tolerance inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A support arrangement area is arranged on the measuring table, a support is arranged in the support arrangement area, and a side limiting plate is arranged on one side of the support arrangement area.

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