Emission detecting and metering system and locomotive

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an emission detecting and metering system and a locomotive. The system comprises an information acquisition module arranged in a smoke exhaust pipeline of a locomotive, wherein the information acquisition module is used for acquiring the volume flow rate, the exhaust temperature and the exhaust pressure of exhaust in real time; the component analysis device is used for collecting exhaust gas and carrying out component analysis; and the data processing module is used for calculating the emission amount of the to-be-detected gas of the diesel engine in unit time based on the volume flow rate of the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas temperature, the exhaust gas pressure and the composition of the to-be-detected gas in the exhaust gas. According to the emission detection and measurement system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the problems of inaccurate measurement and calculation and incomplete monitoring of the locomotive emission caused by lack of analysis of the locomotive exhaust working condition and the pollutant concentration in the prior art are solved, so that the real-time, accurate and comprehensive measurement of the diesel engine pollutant emission is realized, and the working efficiency of the diesel engine is improved. And a reliable data basis is provided for locomotive emission compliance monitoring, engine state evaluation and environmental protection strategy optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engine exhaust detection technology, and in particular to an emission detection and metering system and a locomotive. Background Technology

[0002] Railway locomotive diesel engines use diesel fuel as their power source. The composition and content of their emissions are tested and calibrated during type testing, focusing on carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM). Throughout their subsequent lifespan, emissions data are no longer specifically monitored. Furthermore, current railway locomotive power control targets preset speeds and corresponding power outputs, lacking a reference benchmark for carbon emission control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an emission detection and measurement system and locomotive, which solves the problems of inaccurate locomotive emission calculation and incomplete monitoring caused by the lack of analysis of locomotive exhaust conditions and pollutant concentrations in the prior art by real-time monitoring of gas composition.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an emission detection and metering system, comprising:

[0005] The information acquisition module is installed in the locomotive's exhaust pipe to collect the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure in real time.

[0006] A component analysis device is connected to the exhaust pipe to collect exhaust gas and perform component analysis to obtain the component composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust gas.

[0007] The data processing module is electrically connected to the information acquisition module and the component analysis device, respectively, and is used to calculate the amount of gas to be detected emitted by the diesel engine per unit time based on the volumetric flow rate, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure and the composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust.

[0008] Optionally, the information collection module includes:

[0009] Exhaust flow sensing unit, used to measure the volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas;

[0010] Temperature sensing unit, used to measure exhaust temperature;

[0011] Pressure sensing unit, used to measure exhaust pressure.

[0012] Optionally, the component analysis device includes a diaphragm pump, a detection chamber, and a detection unit;

[0013] The air inlet of the diaphragm pump is connected to the exhaust pipe through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the diaphragm pump is connected to the detection chamber.

[0014] The detection unit is used to detect the concentration of the gas to be detected in the detection chamber and is electrically connected to the data processing module.

[0015] Optionally, the component analysis device further includes a filter;

[0016] The filter is installed on the pipeline between the exhaust pipe and the diaphragm pump to filter particulate matter, oil vapor and water vapor in the exhaust.

[0017] Optionally, the detection unit includes a gas sensor for detecting the concentration of at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons.

[0018] Optionally, the data processing module includes a flow conversion unit;

[0019] The flow conversion unit is used to calculate the exhaust volume flow rate under standard conditions based on the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure.

[0020] Optionally, the data processing module further includes an emissions calculation unit;

[0021] The emission calculation unit is used to calculate the emission amount of the gas to be detected per unit time based on the exhaust volume flow rate under the standard conditions and the composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust.

[0022] Optionally, the information acquisition module further includes a particulate matter concentration sensing unit;

[0023] The particulate matter concentration sensing unit is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to measure the concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas.

[0024] The data processing module is also used to calculate the amount of particulate matter emitted per unit time based on the particulate matter concentration and the volumetric flow rate of the exhaust gas.

[0025] Optionally, an alarm module may also be included, which is used to issue an alarm signal when the emission of the gas or particulate matter to be detected exceeds a preset threshold.

[0026] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a locomotive, including an emission detection and metering system and a power control system as described in any of the first aspects;

[0027] The power control system is configured to include an economy cruise mode;

[0028] In economic cruise mode, the power control system adjusts the locomotive power based on the emission amount of the gas to be detected or the particulate matter emission amount obtained by the emission detection and metering system, so that the emission amount of the gas to be detected or the particulate matter emission amount is lower than the corresponding preset emission threshold.

[0029] This invention provides an emission detection and measurement system that uses an information acquisition module installed in the locomotive's exhaust pipe to collect real-time data on exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure. A component analysis device collects and analyzes the exhaust to obtain the composition of the gas to be detected. A data processing module calculates the amount of the gas to be detected emitted by the diesel engine per unit time based on the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, and the composition of the gas to be detected. This emission detection and measurement system solves the problems of inaccurate locomotive emission calculations and incomplete monitoring caused by the lack of analysis of locomotive exhaust conditions and pollutant concentrations in existing technologies. It achieves real-time, accurate, and comprehensive measurement of diesel engine pollutant emissions, providing a reliable data foundation for locomotive emission compliance monitoring, engine condition assessment, and environmental strategy optimization, effectively improving the automation and refinement of motor vehicle emission management. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an emission detection and metering system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another emission detection and metering system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a locomotive provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an emission detection and metering system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another emission detection and metering system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an emission detection and metering system 100, comprising:

[0036] The information acquisition module 10 is installed in the locomotive's exhaust pipe to collect the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature and exhaust pressure in real time.

[0037] The component analysis device 20 is connected to the exhaust pipe and is used to collect exhaust gas and perform component analysis to obtain the component composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust gas.

[0038] The data processing module 30 is electrically connected to the information acquisition module and the component analysis device, respectively, and is used to calculate the amount of gas to be detected emitted by the diesel engine per unit time based on the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure and the composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust.

[0039] Specifically, an information acquisition module 10 for collecting exhaust flow, temperature, and pressure is installed at the end of the locomotive's exhaust pipe; a component analysis device 20 is used to analyze the concentration of gas components; and a data processing module 30 calculates compensation values ​​based on the real-time collected temperature and pressure parameters, corrects the operating condition volumetric flow rate using the ideal gas law, and then converts the exhaust volumetric flow rate to the standard state. Based on this, the data processing module 30, combined with the concentration of the gas to be detected, calculates the amount of gas emitted by the diesel engine per unit time.

[0040] For example, suppose that the information acquisition module 10 measures the exhaust volumetric flow rate Q under operating conditions. actual=500 L / s; exhaust temperature T = 200°C; C = 473.15 K; exhaust pressure P = 110 kPa; standard conditions are T0 = 273.15 K, P0 = 101.325 kPa; nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured by component analysis device 20. x The concentration C = 200 ppm. According to the ideal gas law, the standard state volumetric flow rate is calculated as follows: Volumetric flow rate after substituting the data Unit time NO x The formula for calculating emissions is: .in, NO x Density under standard conditions (approximately 1.34 g / L). Substituting the data, NO... x Emission M = 313.2 L / s × 200 × 10⁻⁶ × 1.34 g / L ≈ 0.0839 g / s. That is, the NO emission of the diesel engine under current operating conditions... x The emission rate is approximately 0.0839 grams per second.

[0041] This invention provides an emission detection and measurement system that uses an information acquisition module installed in the locomotive's exhaust pipe to collect real-time data on exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure. A component analysis device collects and analyzes the exhaust to obtain the composition of the gas to be detected. A data processing module calculates the amount of the gas to be detected emitted by the diesel engine per unit time based on the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure, and the composition of the gas to be detected. This emission detection and measurement system solves the problems of inaccurate locomotive emission calculations and incomplete monitoring caused by the lack of analysis of locomotive exhaust conditions and pollutant concentrations in existing technologies. It achieves real-time, accurate, and comprehensive measurement of diesel engine pollutant emissions, providing a reliable data foundation for locomotive emission compliance monitoring, engine condition assessment, and environmental strategy optimization, effectively improving the automation and refinement of motor vehicle emission management.

[0042] Optionally, the information acquisition module 10 includes: an exhaust flow sensing unit 11 for measuring the volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas; a temperature sensing unit 12 for measuring the exhaust gas temperature; and a pressure sensing unit 13 for measuring the exhaust gas pressure.

[0043] Optionally, the component analysis device 20 includes a diaphragm pump 21, a detection chamber 22, and a detection unit 23;

[0044] The air inlet of the diaphragm pump 21 is connected to the smoke exhaust pipe through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the diaphragm pump 21 is connected to the detection gas chamber 22.

[0045] The detection unit 23 is used to detect the concentration of the gas to be detected in the detection chamber 22 and is electrically connected to the data processing module 30.

[0046] Specifically, the component analysis device 20 draws exhaust samples from the exhaust pipe through its diaphragm pump 21, removes particulate matter through the filter 24, and sends them into the detection chamber 22, where the detection unit 23 analyzes the concentration of gas components.

[0047] Optionally, the component analysis device 20 also includes a filter 24;

[0048] The filter 24 is installed on the pipeline between the exhaust pipe and the diaphragm pump 21 to filter particulate matter in the exhaust gas.

[0049] Specifically, the filter 24 is located upstream of the diaphragm pump 21. It has a porous filter element inside. When the exhaust flows through it, it can effectively trap solid particles such as carbon soot, preventing them from entering the subsequent diaphragm pump 21 and detection chamber 22. This avoids gas path blockage, pump wear, or optical detection window contamination caused by particulate matter deposition, thereby ensuring the long-term reliability and measurement accuracy of the component analysis device 20.

[0050] Optionally, the detection unit 23 includes a gas sensor 231, which is used to detect the concentration of at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

[0051] Among them, nitrogen oxides NO x CO is a major precursor to photochemical smog and acid rain, and a key indicator for evaluating peak combustion chamber temperature and the efficiency of nitrogen oxide control technologies (such as EGR). CO is a product of incomplete combustion of fuel, and its concentration can reflect whether the air-fuel ratio of the engine is in an optimal state, thereby optimizing the combustion process and improving fuel economy. Hydrocarbon gas HC also represents unburned fuel components, and its emissions directly characterize combustion efficiency. CO2 is an inevitable product of complete combustion of fuel, and its emissions are directly related to fuel consumption and carbon footprint.

[0052] Specifically, the gas sensor 231 is integrated into the detection chamber 22. It senses changes in gas concentration and converts them into standard electrical signals, which are then output to the data processing module 30, thereby enabling quantitative analysis of the concentrations of the aforementioned pollutants.

[0053] Optionally, the data processing module 30 includes a flow conversion unit 31;

[0054] The flow conversion unit 31 is used to calculate the exhaust volume flow rate under standard conditions based on the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature and exhaust pressure.

[0055] Specifically, the flow conversion unit 31 receives real-time operating condition volumetric flow rate, exhaust temperature and pressure signals from the information acquisition module 10, and converts the operating condition volumetric flow rate into the standard state volumetric flow rate under standard atmospheric pressure and standard temperature (such as 0℃ or 25℃) conditions by combining the operating condition volumetric flow rate with the measured temperature and pressure data based on the gas state equation calculation program.

[0056] For example, assume: measured volumetric flow rate under actual operating conditions. Measured exhaust temperature Measured exhaust pressure Standard temperature Standard pressure

[0057] According to the ideal gas law, the volumetric flow rate under standard conditions is... The calculation formula is: ;

[0058] Substituting the above data, we can obtain: ;

[0059] Optionally, the data processing module 30 also includes an emission calculation unit 32; the emission calculation unit 32 is used to calculate the emission amount of the gas to be detected per unit time based on the exhaust volume flow rate under standard conditions and the composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust.

[0060] Specifically, the emission calculation unit 32 receives the standard state volumetric flow rate from the flow conversion unit 31 and the concentration data of the gas to be detected from the detection unit 23; by multiplying the standard volumetric flow rate and the gas concentration value, the mass emission of a specific gas to be detected (such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc.) per unit time is calculated in real time, thereby converting the exhaust parameters and component analysis results into pollutant emission quantitative indicators that can be directly used for environmental monitoring and assessment.

[0061] For example, assume: standard state volumetric flow rate

[0062] ; detected nitrogen oxides (NO) x Concentration Under standard conditions, NO x density The formula for calculating the mass emission M per unit time is: Substituting the above data, we can obtain:

[0063] The emission calculation unit 32 calculates the current NO. x The emission rate is approximately 0.447 g / s.

[0064] Optionally, the information acquisition module 10 also includes a particulate matter concentration sensing unit 14;

[0065] The particulate matter concentration sensing unit 14 is electrically connected to the data processing module 30 and is used to measure the concentration of particulate matter in the exhaust gas.

[0066] The data processing module 30 is also used to calculate the amount of particulate matter emitted per unit time based on particulate matter concentration and exhaust volume flow rate.

[0067] Specifically, the particulate matter concentration sensing unit 14 is installed in the exhaust duct. When exhaust gas passes through its measurement area, the unit detects the concentration of particulate matter in the exhaust gas in real time by measuring the degree of light attenuation caused by smoke or the amount of charge carried by the particulate matter. The data processing module 30 receives the real-time particulate matter concentration signal from the particulate matter concentration sensing unit 14, and calculates the mass emission of particulate matter per unit time by multiplying the standard volumetric flow rate by the particulate matter concentration value, thereby realizing the monitoring of the emission rate of solid pollutants.

[0068] Optionally, an alarm module 40 is also included, which is used to issue an alarm signal when the emission of the gas to be detected or the emission of particulate matter exceeds a preset threshold.

[0069] Specifically, the alarm module 40, based on the real-time receiving data processing module 30 outputting the emission amount of the gas to be detected and the emission amount of particulate matter, sends an alarm signal to the operator when any emission amount exceeds its internal preset safety threshold, so as to prompt the operator to pay attention to the emission abnormality and take timely maintenance or adjustment measures to ensure that the locomotive operation meets environmental protection requirements.

[0070] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a locomotive provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (Reference) Figure 3 The present invention also provides a locomotive, including an emission detection and metering system 100 and a power control system 200 as described in any of the above embodiments;

[0071] The power control system 200 is configured to include an economy cruise mode;

[0072] In economic cruise mode, the power control system 200 adjusts the locomotive power based on the emission amount of the gas to be detected or the emission amount of particulate matter obtained by the emission detection and metering system 100, so that the emission amount of the gas to be detected or the emission amount of particulate matter is lower than the corresponding preset emission threshold.

[0073] Specifically, when the power control system 200 is running in economic cruise mode, it acquires real-time emission data of the gas to be detected (such as nitrogen oxides) and particulate matter from the emission detection and metering system 100. When any emission level approaches or exceeds its preset emission threshold, the system actively reduces the locomotive's output power by adjusting parameters such as the engine's fuel injection quantity, intake pressure, or injection timing, making the combustion process more complete and cleaner, thereby controlling the emission of pollutants within its emission threshold, and thus achieving synergistic optimization of economy and environmental protection.

[0074] It should be noted that the economic cruise mode has a lower priority. The above emission optimization control strategy can only be implemented within the allowable power adjustment range, provided that higher priority operational requirements such as driving safety and on-time operation are ensured.

[0075] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An emission detection and measurement system, characterized in that, include: The information acquisition module is installed in the locomotive's exhaust pipe to collect the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure in real time. A component analysis device is connected to the exhaust pipe to collect exhaust gas and perform component analysis to obtain the component composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust gas. The data processing module is electrically connected to the information acquisition module and the component analysis device, respectively, and is used to calculate the amount of gas to be detected emitted by the diesel engine per unit time based on the volumetric flow rate, exhaust temperature, exhaust pressure and the composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust.

2. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information collection module includes: Exhaust flow sensing unit, used to measure the volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas; Temperature sensing unit, used to measure exhaust temperature; Pressure sensing unit, used to measure exhaust pressure.

3. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The component analysis device includes a diaphragm pump, a detection chamber, and a detection unit; The air inlet of the diaphragm pump is connected to the exhaust pipe through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the diaphragm pump is connected to the detection chamber. The detection unit is used to detect the concentration of the gas to be detected in the detection chamber and is electrically connected to the data processing module.

4. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The component analysis device also includes a filter; The filter is installed on the pipeline between the exhaust pipe and the diaphragm pump to filter particulate matter, oil vapor and water vapor in the exhaust.

5. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection unit includes a gas sensor for detecting the concentration of at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons.

6. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data processing module includes a flow conversion unit; The flow conversion unit is used to calculate the exhaust volume flow rate under standard conditions based on the exhaust volume flow rate, exhaust temperature, and exhaust pressure.

7. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data processing module also includes an emissions calculation unit; The emission calculation unit is used to calculate the emission amount of the gas to be detected per unit time based on the exhaust volume flow rate under the standard conditions and the composition of the gas to be detected in the exhaust.

8. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The information acquisition module also includes a particulate matter concentration sensing unit; The particulate matter concentration sensing unit is electrically connected to the data processing module and is used to measure the concentration of particulate matter in exhaust gas. The data processing module is also used to calculate the amount of particulate matter emitted per unit time based on the particulate matter concentration and the volumetric flow rate of the exhaust gas.

9. The emission detection and metering system according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes an alarm module, which is used to issue an alarm signal when the emission of the gas to be detected or the emission of the particulate matter exceeds a preset threshold.

10. A locomotive, characterized in that, Includes the emission detection and metering system and the power control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The power control system is configured to include an economy cruise mode; In the economic cruise mode, the power control system adjusts the locomotive power based on the emission amount of the gas to be detected or the emission amount of particulate matter obtained by the emission detection and metering system, so that the emission amount of the gas to be detected or the emission amount of particulate matter is lower than the corresponding preset emission threshold.

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