Corn-soybean 4: 4 strip-shaped composite planting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a corn-soybean 4: 4 strip-shaped composite planting method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection and matching; (2) according to the interplanting proportion, four rows of corn and four rows of soybeans are planted as a unit planting belt to be circulated and reciprocated, and the corn and the soybeans adopt large ridges and double rows; planting at unequal intervals; (3) two sets of efficient water and fertilizer fertilization schemes; (4) corn and soybean can be sown in the same period; and (5) mechanical harvesting and efficiency improvement. The method is a novel'one-season double-harvest 'planting mode suitable for mechanized production, the sideline effect of dense planting of dense-tolerant corn and the biological nitrogen-fixing, fertilizer-saving and land-nourishing effects of shade-tolerant soybeans can be brought into full play through the planting mode, and soybean income increase is achieved on the basis that the yield of corn is not reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method for corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of a severe global food security situation, my country faces the contradiction between limited arable land resources and growing food demand. Northeast China, as an important agricultural production area, suffers from inefficient planting patterns. While corn-soybean strip intercropping technology has been applied in some areas, the selection of varieties and supporting technologies tailored to the unique ecological conditions of Northeast China still require the development of a highly adaptable and efficient planting system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the background technology, this application provides a corn-soybean strip intercropping method. This application presents a novel "double harvest per season" planting model suitable for mechanized production. This planting model can fully utilize the edge row effect of dense planting of high-density corn and the soil-saving and fertilizer-retaining effect of biological nitrogen fixation of shade-tolerant soybeans, thereby increasing soybean yield without reducing corn production.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: A method for corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping, comprising the following steps: (1) Seed selection: For corn, choose high-yielding varieties with compact plant type, tolerance to dense planting and suitable for mechanized harvesting; for soybeans, choose shade-tolerant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant soybean varieties; select seeds with appropriate accumulated temperature and maturity period according to the planting plot; (2) Intercropping ratio: The planting strip is a unit of four rows of corn and four rows of soybeans, which are planted in a cycle. Corn and soybeans are planted in a double-row unequal spacing pattern on a large ridge. The row spacing between the first and second soybean seedling strips is 40cm, the row spacing between the second and third soybean seedling strips is 90cm, and the row spacing between the third and fourth soybean seedling strips is 40cm. The row spacing between the first and second corn seedling strips is 40cm, the row spacing between the second and third corn seedling strips is 90cm, and the row spacing between the third and fourth corn seedling strips is 40cm. The row spacing between the corn planting strip and the soybean planting strip is 90cm. The plant spacing for corn is 12.9cm and the plant spacing for soybean is 10cm. The corn planting time is from April 25th to May 20th, and the soybean planting time is the same as that for corn. (3) Two efficient water and fertilizer application schemes: A. Apply fertilizer to corn and soybeans in a coordinated manner. Apply 240 catties of fertilizer per mu for corn, including 140 catties of base fertilizer and 100 catties of topdressing, with the topdressing done in two applications. Apply 50-80 catties of fertilizer per mu for soybeans, including 15-20 catties of microbial fertilizer and 40-60 catties of base fertilizer. Irrigate the entire field once during the corn's tasseling or silking stage, and water the soybeans together with the corn. B. For corn and soybeans, water and fertilizer integration is used, with shallow buried drip irrigation and precise fertilization. Water and fertilizer are applied according to the growth stages throughout the entire growth period. Each fertilization is about 20 kg per mu, and five fertilizations are applied throughout the entire growth period. (4) Corn and soybean can be sown at the same time. After corn and soybean are sown at the same time, the whole field is closed weeding. Before the sprouting of the seedlings, apply 80ml to 100ml of 96g / l metolachlor EC per mu. After the sprouting, combine weeding with the high-barrel sprayer for weeding. Use corn and soybean special herbicides for directional weeding. Separate corn and soybeans for application by physical curtains. (5) Improve the efficiency of machine harvesting: Use a special four-row soybean harvester and a two-row or five-row corn harvester.

[0005] The soybeans are to be maintained at 150,000 to 160,000 plants per hectare, and the corn at 120,000 to 130,000 plants per hectare.

[0006] The broadleaf grasses mentioned above should be mixed with acetochlor for pre-emergence weed control; for conventional soils, the dosage of 50% acetochlor EC is 80-100 ml per mu, for sandy soils it is 100-120 ml per mu, and for clay soils it is 150-180 ml per mu.

[0007] The corn is managed with lodging prevention as the key focus, while soybeans are managed normally with root promotion as the main focus.

[0008] The seeder has a furrowing depth of 5 to 6 centimeters, and the seeding rate for corn is 8,000 seeds per mu (667 square meters) and for soybeans is 6 to 7 jin (3.5 to 3.5 catties) per mu.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Corn-soybean strip intercropping, referring to the intercropping of soybean and corn strips, allows the higher-lying crop, corn, to fully utilize the edge row advantage while simultaneously expanding the growing space for the lower-lying crop. This achieves synergistic coexistence between crops, enabling double harvests in one season in Northeast China and reasonable crop rotation between years. It effectively solves the problem of corn and soybean competing for land, achieving high yields for both corn and soybeans, and increasing production, efficiency, and income. Through the selection of superior varieties, scientific compounding, reasonable planting density, efficient water and fertilizer management, and green pest control, this technology achieves both high crop yields and ecological sustainability, while also realizing full mechanization of planting, management, and harvesting, breaking through the bottleneck of yield and income from traditional corn cultivation. Currently, this model is being promoted and applied in many cities and prefectures in the three northeastern provinces and one region with good results and is well received by farmers. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a planting diagram for the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on its application scope or protection content. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, equipment, and raw materials involved in the present invention can all be obtained through publicly available commercial channels, without the need for non-standard or customized components.

[0012] A method for corn-soybean strip intercropping, comprising the following steps: (1) Seed selection: For corn, choose high-yielding varieties with compact plant type, tolerance to dense planting and suitable for mechanized harvesting; for soybeans, choose shade-tolerant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant soybean varieties; select seeds with appropriate accumulated temperature and maturity period according to the planting plot; (2) Intercropping ratio: The planting belt is a unit of planting four rows of corn and four rows of soybeans, which is repeated. Corn and soybeans are planted in double rows with unequal spacing on a large ridge. The row spacing between the first and second soybean seedling belts is 40cm, the row spacing between the second and third soybean seedling belts is 90cm, and the row spacing between the third and fourth soybean seedling belts is 40cm. The row spacing between the first and second corn seedling belts is 40cm, the row spacing between the second and third corn seedling belts is 90cm, and the row spacing between the third and fourth corn seedling belts is 40cm. The row spacing between the corn and soybean planting strips is 90cm, the plant spacing for corn is 12.9cm, and the plant spacing for soybeans is 10cm. Corn is sown from April 25th to May 20th, and soybeans are sown concurrently with corn. The soybean planting density is maintained at 150,000-160,000 plants per hectare, and the corn planting density at 120,000-130,000 plants per hectare. This model, by maintaining a low stalk size in the corn, aims to stabilize corn yields and increase soybean production by adding four rows, thereby improving efficiency and income.

[0013] (3) High-efficiency water and fertilizer: Two high-efficiency water and fertilizer application schemes: A. Apply fertilizer to corn and soybeans in a coordinated manner. Apply 240 catties of fertilizer per mu for corn, including 140 catties of base fertilizer and 100 catties of topdressing fertilizer per mu, with the topdressing fertilizer applied twice. Apply 50-80 catties of fertilizer per mu for soybeans, including 15-20 catties of microbial fertilizer and 40-60 catties of base fertilizer. Irrigate the whole field once during the corn tasseling or silking stage, and irrigate the soybeans together. B. For corn and soybeans, fertigation is implemented using shallow-buried drip irrigation and precise fertilization. Water and fertilizer are applied according to growth stages throughout the entire growth period, with each fertilization application consisting of approximately 20 kg of fertilizer, for a total of five applications throughout the growth cycle. Where feasible, drip irrigation can be used to reduce costs and increase efficiency. For corn, lodging prevention is the key management focus, while for soybeans, root promotion is the primary focus of normal management.

[0014] (4) Corn and soybeans can be sown at the same time. The furrow depth of the seeder is 5 to 6 cm. The seeding rate for corn is 8,000 seeds per mu and the seeding rate for soybeans is 6 to 7 jin per mu. After corn and soybeans are sown at the same time, weed control is applied to the whole field. Before emergence, apply 80 to 100 ml of 96 g / l metolachlor EC per mu. After emergence, weed control is combined with GY3WP-600 split-band high-mounted boom sprayer. Weed control is carried out by directional weeding with corn and soybean-specific herbicides. The corn and soybeans are separated by physical curtains for application. Broadleaf weeds should be mixed with acetochlor for pre-emergence weed control. For conventional soils, the application rate of 50% acetochlor EC is 80 to 110 ml per mu, for sandy soils it is 100 to 120 ml per mu, and for clay soils it is 150 to 180 ml per mu. In areas with good soil fertility and abundant rainfall, post-emergence irrigation and fertilization are recommended to control excessive growth. For plots with good basic conditions, fertigation is the best way to increase yield and income.

[0015] (5) Improve the efficiency of machine harvesting: Use a special four-row soybean harvester and a two-row or five-row corn harvester.

[0016] To stabilize grain production and increase soybean yield, while keeping the overall corn yield unchanged, an additional season of soybeans can be produced. This can be achieved through intercropping and relay cropping of corn and soybeans to achieve annual crop rotation. Furthermore, the use of soybean rhizobia for nitrogen fixation can reduce fertilizer usage, conserve fertilizer, and nourish the soil, thus protecting farmers' rights and interests in the black soil region.

[0017] This method has been promoted and applied in many places, including Wuchang City in Harbin, Anda City and Zhaodong City in Suihua, and Zhaozhou County in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province; Jiaohe City in Jilin and Lishu County in Siping, Jilin Province; Zhuanghe City in Dalian and Heishan County in Fuxin, Liaoning Province; and Baokang County, Naiman Banner, Kezuo Middle Banner and Zhalantun Banner in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It has successfully created many high-standard demonstration parks of thousands of acres with mechanization, replicability, increased efficiency and observation. In 2024 alone, the model was promoted and applied to more than 50,000 acres.

[0018] Applying this model, along with new technologies, can increase corn yield by approximately 1500 jin per mu compared to monoculture corn, while soybean yields are comparable to monoculture soybeans, resulting in an overall increase in income of over 600 yuan per mu. Simultaneously, utilizing soybean root nodules for nitrogen fixation, mechanical stubble removal, and no-till direct seeding improves soil aggregate structure, increases soil organic matter, and enhances soil fertility, achieving the goals of black soil protection, inter-annual alternation, and rational crop rotation, thereby improving soil fertility and increasing yields and income.

[0019] By adopting a new planting model of corn-soybean strip intercropping, combined with full-process entrusted management, agricultural machinery and technology are perfectly matched, achieving the effect of stabilizing grain production and increasing soybean production, and achieving double harvest from one plot of land. This rationally solves the problem of soybeans and corn competing for land, realizes reasonable crop rotation between corn and soybeans from year to year, improves the utilization rate of cultivated land, and protects the black soil.

[0020] Through trials and demonstrations over the past few years, we have accumulated mature planting and management experience and technology. This technology is fully capable of being promoted and applied on a large scale.

Claims

1. A method for corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping, comprising the following steps: (1) Seed selection: For corn, choose high-yielding varieties with compact plant type, tolerance to dense planting and suitable for mechanized harvesting; for soybeans, choose shade-tolerant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant soybean varieties; select seeds with appropriate accumulated temperature and maturity period according to the planting plot; (2) Intercropping ratio: The planting strip is a unit of four rows of corn and four rows of soybeans, which are planted in a cycle. Corn and soybeans are planted in a double-row unequal spacing pattern on a large ridge. The row spacing between the first and second soybean seedling strips is 40cm, the row spacing between the second and third soybean seedling strips is 90cm, and the row spacing between the third and fourth soybean seedling strips is 40cm. The row spacing between the first and second corn seedling strips is 40cm, the row spacing between the second and third corn seedling strips is 90cm, and the row spacing between the third and fourth corn seedling strips is 40cm. The row spacing between the corn planting strip and the soybean planting strip is 90cm. The plant spacing for corn is 12.9cm and the plant spacing for soybean is 10cm. The corn planting time is from April 25th to May 20th, and the soybean planting time is the same as that for corn. (3) Two efficient water and fertilizer application schemes: A. Apply fertilizer to corn and soybeans in a coordinated manner. Apply 240 catties of fertilizer per mu for corn, including 140 catties of base fertilizer and 100 catties of topdressing, with the topdressing done in two applications. Apply 50-80 catties of fertilizer per mu for soybeans, including 15-20 catties of microbial fertilizer and 40-60 catties of base fertilizer. Irrigate the entire field once during the corn's tasseling or silking stage, and water the soybeans together with the corn. B. For corn and soybeans, water and fertilizer integration is used, with shallow buried drip irrigation and precise fertilization. Water and fertilizer are applied according to the growth stages throughout the entire growth period. Each fertilization is about 20 kg per mu, and five fertilizations are applied throughout the entire growth period. (4) Corn and soybeans are sown at the same time. After corn and soybeans are sown at the same time, the whole field is closed weeding is used. Before the sprouting of the seedlings, apply 80ml to 100ml of 96g / l metolachlor EC per mu. After the sprouting, combine weeding with the high-barrel sprayer for weeding. Use corn and soybean herbicides for directional weeding of stem and leaf. Separate the corn and soybeans for application by physical curtains. (5) Improve the efficiency of machine harvesting: Use a special four-row soybean harvester and a two-row or five-row corn harvester.

2. The corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For soybeans, maintain 150,000 to 160,000 seedlings per hectare; for corn, maintain 120,000 to 130,000 seedlings per hectare.

3. The corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When weeding broadleaf weeds, acetochlor should be added for pre-emergence weed control; for conventional soils, the dosage of 50% acetochlor EC is 80-100 ml per acre, for sandy soils it is 100-120 ml per acre, and for clay soils it is 150-180 ml per acre.

4. The corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: For corn, the focus of management is on preventing lodging, while for soybeans, the focus is on promoting root growth and normal management is maintained.

5. The corn-soybean 4:4 strip intercropping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furrow depth of the seeder is 5 to 6 centimeters. The seeding rate for corn is 8,000 seeds per mu (667 square meters) and the seeding rate for soybeans is 6 to 7 jin (3.5 to 3.5 catties) per mu.

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