Multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate type water inlet structure and layered water taking method

Abstract

The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate type water inlet structure comprises a water inlet foundation, a water inlet wall body with a U-shaped cross section is arranged on the water inlet foundation, water inlet flow channels are formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the water inlet wall body, and a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate is connected between the left side wall and the right side wall. A main hole communicated with a downstream pipeline is formed in the bottom of the downstream side wall of the water inlet wall body, a working gate breast wall with the two sides connected to the left side wall and the right side wall of the water inlet wall body is arranged between the downstream side wall of the water inlet wall body and the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate, and the bottom of the working gate breast wall is communicated with the main hole and connected with a working gate. Layered water taking is achieved through the hydraulic action, and the effects of simplifying the control process and reducing energy consumption are obvious.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a multi-layer water power automatic flap gate type intake structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] When a reservoir releases ecological water or irrigation water, the water temperature requirement is high, and the low temperature of deep water in the reservoir has great harm to the ecology of the downstream river and the crops in the irrigation area, so only the upper surface layer water with a higher temperature in the reservoir is taken; meanwhile, the surface layer clear water needs to be preferentially discharged for the discharge of the sand retaining dam which retains all sand and stores all water. The main method for such engineering water taking is to use a layered intake structure. The traditional layered water intake intake structure mainly includes a multi-layer intake and a stoplog gate intake. The multi-layer intake is provided with multiple inlets upstream of the water intake, and each inlet is controlled by a gate. The main problem of this structure is that when the water level is at the middle position between the two inlets, the surface layer water cannot be strictly obtained, and when the number of inlets is greater than 3, the multiple water intake gate slots arranged in the plane make the water intake tower structure too large and poor in economy. The stoplog gate intake needs one gate slot and has a small structure size, but the upper gate block needs to be frequently disassembled and installed during layered water taking, and the operation and management are extremely complex. For example, the patent CN110725286B "A hinge type stoplog device for layered water taking and a using method thereof" discloses a method for achieving the rotation opening and closing of each door body through the control mechanism at the end of the door body by modifying each stoplog gate. This scheme does not need to disassemble the upper gate during layered water discharge, but it needs to frequently switch different gate controls, which is prone to cause the discharge of low-temperature water or the failure of water discharge due to the error of the control gate, and the frequent control also means high energy consumption. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a multi-layer water power automatic flap gate type intake structure, which solves the problem of complex surface layer water control mode of the existing intake structure.

[0004] Another object of the present application is to provide a layered water taking method of the multi-layer water power automatic flap gate type intake structure.

[0005] The first technical scheme adopted by the present application is a multi-layer water power automatic flap gate type intake structure, which comprises an intake foundation, an intake wall body with a concave cross section arranged on the intake foundation, left and right side walls of the intake wall body forming an intake flow channel and being connected with a multi-layer water power automatic flap gate between the left and right side walls, a total orifice being formed in the bottom of the downstream side wall of the intake wall body and communicating with a downstream pipeline, and a working gate breast wall being arranged between the downstream side wall of the intake wall body and the multi-layer water power automatic flap gate and connected to the left and right side walls of the intake wall body on both sides, the bottom of the working gate breast wall being communicated with the total orifice and being connected with a working gate.

[0006] The first technical solution of the present invention is further characterized in that, The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate includes multiple flap gate leaves connected in sequence. Each flap gate leaf is connected to the door groove fixing holes on the left and right side walls of the inlet wall through a flap gate pivot. A hollow float box is fixed on the downstream side of the top of each flap gate leaf.

[0007] The longitudinal section of the flip door leaf is a parallelogram with sloping top and bottom, and rubber pads are fixed on the sloping top and bottom surfaces of the flip door leaf.

[0008] A loading and unloading groove is provided at the center of the downstream side of the flip door leaf along the width direction. The flip door hinge on each flip door leaf is installed in two sections in the loading and unloading groove. A spring is connected between the two sections of the flip door hinge. A sealing plate is sealed on the outside of the opening of the loading and unloading groove.

[0009] A vertical ventilation hole is provided in the downstream side wall of the inlet wall.

[0010] A gatehouse is located above the inlet wall.

[0011] The gatehouse is equipped with a hydraulic pump that is connected to the working gate.

[0012] The left and right side walls of the inlet are located in the door slots upstream of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate. Multiple rectangular door leaves are stacked longitudinally to form a maintenance stacked beam gate. The gatehouse is equipped with a hoist corresponding to the maintenance stacked beam gate.

[0013] One of the side walls of the inlet wall, near the upstream of the working gate breast wall, is fixed with a maintenance ladder leading to the gatehouse.

[0014] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is a layered water intake method with a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure. During reservoir impoundment, the working gate is closed. After the reservoir reaches the normal water level, the flap gates below the normal water level are automatically closed under the action of buoyancy. When releasing water, the working gate opens to release the flow rate. The water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate drives the top flap gate to rotate and open automatically, thereby starting the downward flow of water and realizing the layered release of surface water.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure and stratified water intake method of this invention can achieve stratified intake of surface water from the reservoir, which is beneficial to the downstream river ecology and the growth of crops in the irrigation area, and facilitates the priority release of surface clear water by the full-capacity silt-trapping dam; on the other hand, it simplifies the surface water intake control process, requiring only the control of the working gate to release water during operation; furthermore, it fully utilizes the inherent power of hydraulics to achieve stratified water intake, reducing energy consumption and maximizing economic benefits. This invention utilizes hydraulic action to achieve stratified water intake, demonstrating significant advantages in simplifying the control process and reducing energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-section of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a side view of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate structure in the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate structure in the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate type water inlet structure of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate in the waterless state of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate in the water-filled state of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the water-blocking state of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate in the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the layered drainage state of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate in the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram, 1. Inlet foundation, 2. Inlet wall, 3. Inspection beam gate, 4. Multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate, 5. Working gate, 6. Working gate breast wall, 7. Vent hole, 8. Inspection ladder, 9. Gate house, 10. Hoist, 11. Hydraulic pump, 12. Downstream pipeline, 13. Water stop; 4-1. Flip door leaf, 4-2. Flip door pivot, 4-3. Spring, 4-4. Rubber pad, 4-5. Anchor nail one, 4-6. Hollow float box, 4-7. Anchor nail two, 4-8. Sealing plate, 4-9. Anchor nail three. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 This invention provides a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure, such as... Figures 1 to 3As shown, the system includes an inlet foundation 1, on which an inlet wall 2 with a U-shaped cross-section is arranged. The left and right side walls of the inlet wall 2 form an inlet flow channel, and a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 is connected between the left and right side walls. A main opening for connecting to a downstream pipe 12 is opened at the bottom of the downstream side wall of the inlet wall 2. A vertically penetrating vent 7 is opened inside the downstream side wall of the inlet wall 2. Between the downstream side wall of the inlet wall 2 and the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4, a working gate breast wall 6 is arranged, connected to the left and right side walls of the inlet wall 2 on both sides. The bottom of the working gate breast wall 6 is connected to the main opening and a working gate 5 is connected to it.

[0020] A gatehouse 9 is located above the intake wall 2. A hydraulic pump 11, connected to the working gate 5, is installed inside the gatehouse 9. Multiple rectangular door leaves are stacked longitudinally along the gate slots upstream of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 on the left and right side walls of the intake wall 2 to form a maintenance stacked beam gate 3. A hoist 10 is installed inside the gatehouse 9 corresponding to the maintenance stacked beam gate 3. A maintenance ladder 8, with its upper end leading into the gatehouse 9, is fixed longitudinally along one side of the left and right side walls of the intake wall 2, near the upstream of the working gate breast wall 6.

[0021] Example 2 This invention provides a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure, based on Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 preferably includes multiple flap gate leaves 4-1 connected sequentially. The longitudinal section of each flap gate leaf 4-1 is a parallelogram with sloping top and bottom surfaces. Rubber pads 4-4 are fixed to the top and bottom sloping surfaces of each flap gate leaf 4-1. Each flap gate leaf 4-1 is connected to the door groove fixing holes on the left and right side walls of the inlet wall 2 via flap gate pivots 4-2 on both sides. A loading and unloading groove is provided along the width direction at the center of the downstream side of each flap gate leaf 4-1. The flap gate pivots 4-2 on each flap gate leaf 4-1 are installed in two sections in the loading and unloading groove, and a spring 4-3 connects the two sections of the pivots 4-2. A sealing plate 4-8 is used to seal the outside of the opening of the loading and unloading groove. A hollow float box 4-6 is fixed to the downstream side of the top of each flap gate leaf 4-1.

[0022] Through the above method, this invention utilizes the inherent mechanical principles of water flow to automatically open and close tiered gates. Simultaneously, a maintenance-accessible stacked beam gate is installed upstream, and a flow control device is installed downstream. For high flow rates, an arc-shaped gate is used, while for low flow rates, a valve can be employed. This structure enables unmanned water diversion; only the downstream working gate 5 needs to be controlled to regulate the discharge flow. Operation is simple, energy consumption is significantly reduced during operation, resulting in substantial economic benefits.

[0023] Example 3 This invention provides a stratified water intake method with a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure. During reservoir impoundment, the working gate 5 is closed. After the reservoir reaches the normal water level, the flap gate leaves 4-1 below the normal water level are automatically closed under the action of buoyancy. When releasing water, the working gate 5 opens to release the flow rate. The water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 drives the top flap gate leaf 4-1 to rotate and open automatically, thereby starting the release flow and realizing the stratified release of surface water.

[0024] Example 4 This invention provides a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure, comprising: The primary function of the inlet foundation 1 is to provide vertical support for the overall structure, uniformly transferring the vertical forces from the superstructure to the foundation and reducing uneven settlement. The inlet foundation 1 is constructed of reinforced concrete with a strength not lower than C25. It is generally a rectangular spread foundation. When the foundation is a cover layer or soft soil, pile foundations are required for reinforcement to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0025] The intake wall 2, primarily serving to provide horizontal support for the gate structures, is concave in shape and includes left and right side walls and a downstream side wall. Gate slots for each gate are located within the left and right side walls. It is constructed of reinforced concrete with a strength not lower than C25. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 within the intake wall 2 has fixing holes within its gate slot. A main orifice is located at the bottom of the downstream wall of the intake wall 2, primarily for connecting to the downstream pipe 12.

[0026] The maintenance stacked beam gate 3 primarily provides maintenance conditions for downstream gates and is used only during maintenance operations. It consists of multiple rectangular gate leaves stacked vertically, relying on gravity for sealing and water blocking, and opening and closing in still water. The gate leaves are made of Q235 carbon steel.

[0027] The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4, the core component of this invention, utilizes the inherent mechanical properties of water flow to automatically draw surface water. It mainly comprises a water-blocking gate leaf, a rotating shaft, and a float box. Its basic operating principle is as follows: When there is no water, the resultant torque of the water-blocking gate leaf around the rotating shaft is clockwise, causing the water-blocking gate to rotate clockwise and remain open under the constraint of the gate slot; when the water level is higher than the float box, the resultant torque of the water-blocking gate leaf around the rotating shaft is counterclockwise, causing the water-blocking gate to rotate counterclockwise and remain closed under the constraint of the lower gate leaf. Specifically, it includes: The 4-1 flap door leaf is the main water-blocking structure, and its overall shape is a long and narrow parallelogram. It has a hole in the center, and notches, chamfers, and bevels at the top and bottom. A rectangular opening is located at the center of the back for easy installation and removal of the 4-2 flap door hinge. The 4-1 flap door leaf is made of Q235 carbon steel.

[0028] The hinge 4-2 of the flip door is arranged in the hole of the flip door leaf 4-1. It is cylindrical and divided into two sections. It can be installed in the fixing hole in the automatic flip door groove of the water inlet wall 2. The hinge 4-2 of the flip door is made of Q235 carbon steel.

[0029] Spring 4-3 is arranged between the two sections of the flip door hinge 4-2 to support the flip door hinge 4-2. When installing or removing the door leaf, the length or position of the hinge is adjusted by compressing or releasing the spring, which facilitates the installation and removal of the flip door leaf 4-1.

[0030] Rubber pad 4-4 is placed on the upper part and bottom slope of the door leaf 4-1 of the flip door. It mainly serves to block water and seal the door. The thickness of rubber pad 4-4 is not less than 2cm.

[0031] Anchor nail 4-5 is used to anchor the rubber pad 4-4 into the door leaf 4-1 of the flip door, making it a single unit. It mainly consists of galvanized screws, nylon expansion tubes, and fixing discs.

[0032] Hollow pontoon 4-6 is located on the top downstream side of the flap gate leaf 4-1. It is a transverse quadrangular prism with a chamfered downstream side. It is made of environmentally friendly rigid polyvinyl chloride plastic with a thickness of not less than 1 cm. The upstream side is tightly connected to the flap gate leaf 4-1 via anchor bolt 4-7.

[0033] Anchor nail 2 4-7 is used to fix the hollow float box 4-6 into the flap door leaf 4-1. It mainly consists of galvanized screws, nylon expansion tubes, waterproof gaskets, and fixing discs.

[0034] The sealing plate 4-8 is located outside the rectangular hole in the center of the back of the flap door leaf 4-1. It is mainly used to prevent water from entering and to protect the flap door pivot 4-2 and spring 4-3.

[0035] Anchor nail 3 4-9 is used to fix the sealing plate 4-8. It mainly consists of detachable galvanized screws, nylon expansion tubes and waterproof gaskets.

[0036] Working gate 5, located downstream of the structure, primarily controls the discharge flow rate, especially for large flow rates (flow rate greater than 2m³ / h). 3 / s) uses an arc-shaped gate, which is also the case in this example. Flow rate is low (flow rate less than 2m³ / s). 3 ( / s) can be replaced with a valve.

[0037] The working gate breast wall 6 is located upstream of the working face in an L-shape. Its main function is to block water flow and guide the water flow to the working gate. At the same time, it can improve the overall rigidity of the inlet and improve the overall strength of the structure.

[0038] Vent hole 7 is located inside the downstream side wall of the inlet wall 2 to prevent negative pressure from occurring downstream of the working gate. It is made of steel pipe with a diameter of not less than 10cm and is integrally cast with the downstream side wall of the inlet wall 2.

[0039] The maintenance ladder 8 is located within the cavity between the multi-level hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 and the working door 5. After the maintenance beam gate 3 is fully closed, and the working door 5 simultaneously drains all the water from the cavity, it facilitates access for maintenance personnel to inspect the multi-level hydraulic automatic flap gate 4, working door 5, and other equipment. C-shaped stainless steel reinforcing bars are inserted and cast into the inlet wall 2, with a vertical spacing of no more than 30cm.

[0040] Gate house 9, located at the top of the water inlet, primarily provides space for installing control equipment. It adopts a reinforced concrete frame structure with a strength of not less than C35.

[0041] The hoist 10 is located on the upstream side of the gatehouse 9 and mainly provides opening and closing force for the maintenance of the stacked beam gate 3. It is generally a winch-type hoist.

[0042] Hydraulic pump 11 is located on the downstream side of gate house 9 and mainly provides opening and closing force for working gate 5.

[0043] Downstream pipe 12 is located at the downstream opening of the intake wall 2 and serves as a connecting structure to the downstream of the dam. It is generally a tunnel or a pipeline.

[0044] Waterstop 13 is placed between the downstream pipe 12 and the downstream opening of the inlet wall 2. It is mainly used to prevent water from entering or leaving the interior and is usually made of copper.

[0045] Example 5 This invention provides a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate type inlet structure. The basic principle diagram of the operation of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate 4 is as follows: like Figure 6 In the analysis, the force on the central axis of the door leaf is selected. Gravity G produces no torque, while the gravity G1 of the float box has a clockwise torque on the axis of rotation. The resultant torque M of the door leaf about the axis of rotation is... 合 The direction is clockwise, and the door leaf tends to rotate clockwise; Figure 7 In the middle section, the water levels of the upstream and downstream water bodies are similar, and the torques generated by the water pressure cancel each other out, thus reducing the buoyancy F. 浮 When the weight of the float box is less than G1, the door leaf tends to rotate clockwise, and the buoyancy F 浮 When the weight of the float is greater than G1, the resultant moment M of the door leaf about the axis of rotation 合 The direction is counterclockwise, and the door leaf has a tendency to rotate counterclockwise.

[0046] like Figure 8In this operating condition, the downstream working gates need to be closed, i.e., the water storage condition. The reservoir water level and the inlet water level rise synchronously. When the reservoir water level rises to the point where the bottom gate leaves of H1 are all closed and the upper gate leaves are all open, such as... Figure 8 a; When the water level reaches H2, the buoyancy equals the weight of the pontoon, and the gate leaf will soon rotate counterclockwise, as... Figure 8 b; When the water level reaches H3, the buoyancy is greater than the weight of the pontoon, and the gate leaf rotates counterclockwise until the buoyancy equals the weight of the pontoon, such as Figure 8 c; When the water level reaches H4, the pontoon is completely submerged, and the gate leaf rotates counterclockwise until it is completely closed. Figure 8 d.

[0047] like Figure 9 Assuming the reservoir water level is H1, and the upstream and downstream water levels of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate are the same, as shown below... Figure 9 a; When the downstream working gate is opened at this time, the downstream water level drops to H2, the reservoir water level remains unchanged, the buoyancy of the float box disappears, and the gate leaf will rotate clockwise under the action of the resultant torque, such as Figure 9 b. Stop rotating when the force reaches equilibrium. Figure 9 c. Water flows down the upper or lower part of the gate leaf. Once the discharge flow rate is determined, the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate can reach a new equilibrium state.

[0048] Example 6 This invention provides a construction method for a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select the construction area for the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate inlet structure and clean the topsoil in the construction area; Step 2: Construct the following components in sequence: 1. Inlet foundation; 2. Inlet wall; 6. Working gate breast wall; 7. Vent hole; 13. Water stop; 12. Downstream pipeline; 8. Maintenance ladder; 9. Gate house; 10. Hoist; and 11. Hydraulic pump. Step 3: Install the inspection stacked beam door 3, the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap door 4, and the working door 5 in sequence.

Claims

1. A multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure, characterized in that, The system includes an inlet foundation (1), an inlet wall (2) with a U-shaped cross section is arranged on the inlet foundation (1), the left and right side walls of the inlet wall (2) form an inlet flow channel and a multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate (4) is connected between the left and right side walls, a total opening for connecting the downstream pipe (12) is opened at the bottom of the downstream side wall of the inlet wall (2), and a working gate breast wall (6) is arranged between the downstream side wall of the inlet wall (2) and the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate (4), with both sides connected to the left and right side walls of the inlet wall (2), and the bottom of the working gate breast wall (6) is connected to the total opening and a working gate (5).

2. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate (4) includes multiple flap gate leaves (4-1) connected in sequence. Each flap gate leaf (4-1) is connected to the door groove fixing holes on the left and right side walls of the inlet wall (2) through a flap gate pivot (4-2). A hollow float box (4-6) is fixed on the downstream side of the top of each flap gate leaf (4-1).

3. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The longitudinal section of the flap door leaf (4-1) is a parallelogram with sloping top and bottom. Rubber pads (4-4) are fixed on the top and bottom sloping surfaces of the flap door leaf (4-1).

4. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The downstream center of the flip door leaf (4-1) is provided with a loading and unloading groove along the width direction. The flip door pivot (4-2) on each flip door leaf (4-1) is installed in two sections in the loading and unloading groove. A spring (4-3) is connected between the two sections of the flip door pivot (4-2). A sealing plate (4-8) is sealed on the outside of the opening of the loading and unloading groove.

5. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A ventilation hole (7) is provided in the downstream side wall of the inlet wall (2).

6. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A gatehouse (9) is provided above the inlet wall (2).

7. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The gatehouse (9) is equipped with a hydraulic pump (11) that is connected to the working gate (5).

8. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The left and right side walls of the inlet wall (2) are located in the door slots upstream of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate (4). Multiple rectangular door leaves are stacked longitudinally to form a maintenance stacked beam gate (3). A gate hoist (10) is installed in the gate house (9) corresponding to the maintenance stacked beam gate (3).

9. The multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, One of the left and right side walls of the inlet wall (2) is a maintenance ladder (8) with its upper end leading to the gatehouse (9) fixed longitudinally on one side of the working gate breast wall (6).

10. The layered water intake method of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate-type water inlet structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, During the reservoir's water storage period, the working gate (5) is closed. After the reservoir reaches the normal water storage level, the flap gate leaves (4-1) below the normal water storage level are automatically closed under the action of buoyancy. When releasing water, the working gate (5) opens to release the flow rate. The water level difference between the upstream and downstream of the multi-layer hydraulic automatic flap gate (4) drives the top flap gate leaf (4-1) to rotate and open automatically, thereby opening the water flow and realizing the stratified release of surface water.

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