Dry cementation combined filling based upward slicing mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body

Abstract

The application provides an upper slicing mining method based on dry cementation combined filling of steeply inclined thin ore body, relates to the mining field, and solves the problems of trackless equipment operation and layer transfer difficulty, large mining preparation engineering quantity and poor safety in the mining of the ore body through the innovative design of the combined filling of the sub-mining field and the formation of a connecting passage after the waste rock filling of the mining field to replace the slope passage. Specifically, the method divides a long ore block into three mining fields along the strike, the middle mining field is specially filled with waste rock dry filling with a specific length, the formed filling body directly serves as an internal connecting passage for the layer transfer of the trackless equipment between the slices, thereby replacing the specially excavated slope passage in the traditional method, and the mining preparation quantity is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining, and more particularly to an upward layered mining method for steeply inclined thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling. Background Technology

[0002] Steeply dipping, thin veins are an important form of occurrence for metallic minerals (such as gold, tungsten, tin, and lithium). Due to their narrow thickness and steep occurrence, the mining space is limited, making it difficult to effectively utilize large-scale mechanized equipment, which has long been a technical challenge in mining. To achieve the recovery of such ore bodies, previous methods employed shallow-hole stope mining and upward horizontal layered backfilling. The basic principle of shallow-hole stope mining is to mine from bottom to top within the stope, leaving the mined ore temporarily in the stope as a working platform for continued upward mining, and then releasing the ore in large quantities after the stope is completely mined. The principle of upward horizontal layered backfilling is to divide the ore block into stops and pillars, mining in stages. After each stage of mining, the goaf is filled with backfill material to provide a safe and stable working area for subsequent mining. However, traditional shallow-hole ore-holding methods for mining steeply dipping thin ore bodies place high demands on both the ore body and the surrounding rock. Ore needs to be retained for extended periods to support both the ore body and the surrounding rock. If the surrounding rock is unstable, it is highly susceptible to spalling, roof collapse, and even large-scale ground pressure events, leading to safety accidents and significant ore dilution. Furthermore, when the ore body is relatively thin, the surrounding rock and ore body must be mined simultaneously, greatly increasing ore dilution. Traditional upward horizontal layered backfilling methods, when used for extremely thin ore bodies, require narrow spaces between backfill sections, potentially hindering the use of large equipment and reducing operational efficiency. Additionally, they require ramps and long connecting passages in the surrounding rock, significantly increasing the amount of preparatory cutting work and substantial investment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention proposes an upward layered mining method for steeply inclined thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint backfilling, in order to alleviate the problems of large mining and cutting workload, high ore dilution loss rate, and poor operation safety in the existing technology.

[0004] This invention provides a method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling. The total length of the steeply dipping thin ore body is within a preset length range. The method includes: Step S101, dividing the ore block into a first stope, a second stope, and a third stope, with the first stope and the third stope located on either side of the second stope, and the length of the first stope and the third stope being less than a preset length threshold; Step S102, mining the Nth layer of ore body in the first stope, the second stope, and the third stope, where the initial value of N is 1; Step S103, mining the (N+1)th layer of ore body in the first stope upwards from the Nth layer; Step S104, entering the Nth layer of the third stope from the Nth layer of the first stope, and mining the (N+1)th layer of ore body in the third stope upwards; Step S105, filling the Nth layer of the first stope, and mining the (N+1)th layer of ore body in the second stope... Mining the ore body below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the ore body in the second mining area from layer N upwards, and filling the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope, wherein the connecting slope is the line connecting the top of the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the top of the Nth layer of the third mining area, and the connecting slope connects the bottom of the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the bottom of the Nth layer of the third mining area; Step S106: Entering the N+1th layer of the first mining area from the Nth layer of the third mining area through the connecting slope, and mining the N+2th layer of the first mining area upwards; Step S107: Filling the Nth layer of the third mining area, mining the remaining part of the ore body of the N+1th layer of the second mining area, and filling the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting channel for connecting the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the N+1th layer of the third mining area; Step S108: Increasing the number N by 1, repeating steps S104 to S107 until the ore mining in the target area is completed.

[0005] In some embodiments, filling the Nth layer of the first stope and filling the Nth layer of the third stope includes: filling with a low-strength tailings cemented backfill below the filling layer and filling with a high-strength backfill above the low-strength tailings cemented backfill.

[0006] In some embodiments, the step of mining the ore body below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the ore body in the second mining area from the Nth layer upwards, and filling the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope includes: drilling surrounding rock twice the thickness of the ore body, not releasing the extracted waste rock, and laying the waste rock at the bottom of the Nth layer of the second mining area to form the connecting slope, wherein the slope of the connecting slope is not greater than 18 degrees.

[0007] In some embodiments, the upward mining of the N+1th ore layer in the first mining area and the upward mining of the N+1th ore layer in the third mining area include: mining the N+1th ore layer by blasting in stages and releasing the ore through a pass; if the width of the N+1th ore layer after ore mining does not meet the passage conditions for trackless equipment, mining the surrounding rock to widen the N+1th ore layer to the target width.

[0008] In some embodiments, prior to step S101, the method for upward layered mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies further includes: arranging a mid-section transport roadway along the strike of the footwall of the ore body for centralized ore extraction.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimensions of the intermediate transport roadway are 4 meters wide and 3.6 meters high.

[0010] In some embodiments, after the intermediate transport roadway is arranged along the strike of the footwall of the ore body, the method of upward layered mining of the steeply dipping thin ore body further includes: forming a cross-vein roadway by excavating the intermediate transport roadway into the ore body in the first stope, the second stope, and the third stope.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimensions of the vein tunnel are 2.5 meters wide and 2.5 meters high.

[0012] In some embodiments, after the intermediate transport roadway is excavated into the ore body to form a cross-vein roadway in the first, second, and third mining areas, the upward layered mining method of the steeply inclined thin ore body further includes: at the end of the cross-vein roadway, an upward ventilation and pedestrian access shaft is excavated in the ore body for ventilation and pedestrian access.

[0013] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimensions of the ventilation-forming atrium are 1.8 meters wide and 1.5 meters high.

[0014] This invention also provides another method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint backfilling. This method is applied to two adjacent ore blocks and includes the following steps: Step S201: Determine the two adjacent ore blocks as a first stope and a third stope, and determine the surrounding rock between the two ore blocks as a second stope, wherein the length of the path between the first stope and the third stope is less than a preset length threshold; Step S202: Mining the Nth layer of ore body in the first stope and the third stope, and mining the Nth layer of surrounding rock in the second stope, wherein the initial value of N is 1; Step S203: Mining the (N+1)th layer of ore body in the first stope upwards from the Nth layer; Step S204: Entering the Nth layer of the third stope from the Nth layer of the first stope, and mining the (N+1)th layer of ore body in the third stope upwards; Step S205: Filling the Nth layer of the first stope, and mining upwards from the Nth layer of the second stope. Step S206: Extract the surrounding rock below the connecting slope of the N+1 layer of the first mining area, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope. The connecting slope is the line connecting the top of the N+1 layer of the first mining area and the top of the N layer of the third mining area. The connecting slope connects the bottom of the N+1 layer of the first mining area and the bottom of the N layer of the third mining area. Step S207: Enter the N+1 layer of the first mining area from the N layer of the third mining area through the connecting slope, and mine the N+2 layer of the first mining area upwards. Step S208: Fill the N layer of the third mining area, extract the remaining surrounding rock of the N+1 layer of the second mining area, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting channel connecting the N+1 layer of the first mining area and the N+1 layer of the third mining area. Step S209: Increment the number N by 1, and repeat steps S204 to S207 until the ore mining in the target area of ​​the two adjacent blocks is completed. This invention provides a method for upward layered mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies based on dry cemented backfilling. It innovatively solves the problems of difficult operation and layer transitions for trackless equipment, large preparatory work volume, and poor safety in mining such ore bodies by using a combination of combined backfilling in separate mining areas and waste rock backfilling to form connecting passages instead of inclined ramps. Specifically, this method divides a long ore block into three mining areas along its strike. The middle mining area, with its specific length, is specifically filled with dry waste rock. The resulting backfill directly serves as an internal connecting passage for trackless equipment to transition between layers, thus replacing the inclined ramps that need to be specially excavated in traditional methods. Simultaneously, the two outer mining areas use tailings cemented backfilling to provide a working platform for mining the next layer. Furthermore, to address the limitation that the ore body thickness is less than the minimum operating width of the equipment, the mining sequence of first mining the ore body and then the surrounding rock is adopted, ultimately widening the mining area to 2.0m to meet the equipment passage requirements. This invention achieves the following technical effects through the above technical solution:

[0015] (1) It replaces the special inclined ramp that must be excavated in the traditional process, which greatly saves the amount of preparation and cutting work;

[0016] (2) By optimizing the mining area structure and using the widening mining area process to ensure the passage of trackless equipment, the ore recovery rate and ore extraction efficiency have been greatly improved.

[0017] (3) Using trackless equipment for ore extraction changes the situation of high labor intensity and low efficiency in traditional thin ore body mining using manual or small equipment, and greatly improves the working environment of underground workers.

[0018] (4) The tailings cemented backfill is used in both mining areas. The high-strength cast-in-place layer on top provides a stable and safe platform for subsequent operations, effectively controlling the risks of ground pressure and roof.

[0019] (5) By mining ore first and then waste rock, the waste rock was not mixed with the ore, the ore recovery rate was increased and the dilution rate was reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of an upward layered mining method for steeply inclined thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling, provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 To pass Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the ore section formed after stratified mining;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of section II;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view of mid-section II-II;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of another method for upward layered mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0026] 1. High-strength cemented backfill; 2. Low-strength cemented backfill; 3. Dry backfill; 4. Intermediate haulage roadway; 5. Through-vein roadway; 6. Pedestrian access shaft; 7. Ore pass; 8. Ore pass connecting roadway; 9. Backfill shaft; 10. Ventilated pedestrian access shaft; 11. Backfill shaft connecting roadway; 12. Isolation pillar; 13. Roof pillar; 14. Ore body; 15. Surrounding rock; 16. Backfill retaining wall. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] The specific technical features described in the various embodiments in the detailed implementation can be combined in various ways without contradiction. For example, different implementation methods can be formed by combining different specific technical features. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the various possible combinations of the specific technical features in this invention will not be described separately.

[0029] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0030] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used merely to distinguish different objects and do not indicate any similarity or connection between them. It should be understood that the directional descriptions such as "above," "below," "inside," and "outside" refer to the orientation under normal use conditions.

[0031] The upward layered mining method for steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint backfilling provided in this invention is applied to a steeply dipping thin ore body. The total length of the runway of this steeply dipping thin ore body is within a preset length range, for example, between 70 meters and 160 meters. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the steps of the upward layered mining method for steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling include:

[0032] Step S101: Divide the ore block into the first mining area, the second mining area and the third mining area, with the first mining area and the third mining area located between the second mining area.

[0033] This can be understood as dividing the entire ore block into horizontal sections. In addition to vertical layered mining, horizontal zoning is also used to achieve horizontal zoning. The routing lengths of the first and third mining areas are less than a preset length threshold, such as 70 meters, to meet the mining conditions of the mining method provided in this embodiment.

[0034] Step S102: Mining the Nth ore body in the first, second, and third mining areas.

[0035] Where N is a positive integer greater than 1, N represents the number of mining layers in each mining area. In the process of mining from bottom to top, the initial value of N is 1, which means that each mining area is mined from the first layer upwards step by step; the initial value of N is 1, that is, after the first layer of mining is completed, it provides working space for subsequent upward mining.

[0036] Step S103: Mining the N+1th layer of the ore body in the first mining area from the Nth layer upwards.

[0037] Here, layer N+1 represents the layer above layer N. Optionally, if the width of layer N+1 is still insufficient for the operation of the trackless equipment after the N+1 ore body is mined, the mining of layer N+1 includes two steps: first, ore is mined by blasting in stages and the ore is released through a pass; then, the surrounding rock is mined to widen layer N+1, allowing the trackless equipment to pass smoothly in layer N+1 during the subsequent upward mining of layer N+2. Replacing manual mining with trackless equipment improves the safety of the mining area and reduces labor intensity. Moreover, the mined ore and surrounding rock are discharged separately to avoid mixing of ore and waste rock, thus alleviating ore dilution. For example, the steps of this distributed mining include: first, drilling upward horizontal holes of 3.0 to 3.5 meters deep into the ore body using a pneumatic rock drill or a rock drilling rig, with the blast holes arranged horizontally; blasting in stages, with 3 to 5 rows blasted each time; and then using a narrow-body loader to release the ore through a pass until all the ore in this layer has been mined.

[0038] Optionally, if the width of the N+1 layer is sufficient for the trackless equipment to pass through after the N+1 layer of ore has been mined, then only the N+1 layer of ore needs to be mined and the surrounding rock does not need to be mined.

[0039] Step S104: Enter the Nth layer of the third mining area from the Nth layer of the first mining area, and mine upwards to the N+1th layer of the ore body in the third mining area.

[0040] That is, the trackless equipment is moved from the Nth layer of the first mining area to the Nth layer of the third mining area to realize the mining of the N+1th layer of ore body in the third mining area. The process of mining the N+1th layer of ore in the third mining area from the Nth layer of the third mining area is the same as the process of mining the N+1th layer of ore in the first mining area from the Nth layer of the first mining area in step S102.

[0041] Step S105: Fill the Nth layer of the first mining area, and mine the ore body below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the ore body in the second mining area from the Nth layer upwards, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope.

[0042] It should be noted that filling the Nth layer of the first stope can provide a free face for the N+1th layer of the first stope, and the trackless equipment can mine the ore of the N+2th layer by working on this free face.

[0043] The connecting slope connects the top of the N+1 layer in the first mining area and the top of the Nth layer in the third mining area. By mining this part of the ore body, the top space of the transfer channel between the first and third mining areas can be formed, thus preventing the trackless equipment from colliding with the ore body of the N+1 layer in the second mining area during its passage through the transfer channel. At the same time, the waste rock generated during the mining of the N+1 layer in the second mining area is used to fill the Nth layer to form a connecting slope. This connecting slope connects the bottom of the N+1 layer in the first mining area and the bottom of the Nth layer in the third mining area. The trackless equipment can move along this slope from the Nth layer in the third mining area to the N+1 layer in the first mining area to achieve interlayer transfer. It should be noted that the slope used for interlayer transfer is located within the ore block to be mined, rather than in the surrounding rock outside the ore block. This replaces the dedicated inclined ramp that must be excavated in the traditional process, greatly saving the amount of preparatory cutting work. Moreover, the ore body above the connecting slope in the second mining area can also provide support for the transfer channel.

[0044] Optionally, the ore below the connecting slope in the second stope can be mined using trackless equipment. After mining, the trackless equipment moves from layer N of the second stope to layer N of the third stope. When the trackless equipment enters layer N of the third stope, waste rock is used to fill the layer N of the second stope to form a connecting slope. Optionally, if the area of ​​the second stope is relatively small, the ore below the connecting slope in the second stope can also be mined manually. The trackless equipment can simultaneously collect the ore body of layer N+1 of the third stope during the mining and filling process in the second stope.

[0045] Step S106: Enter the N+1 layer of the first mining area from the Nth layer of the third mining area through the connecting slope, and mine upwards to the N+2 layer of the first mining area.

[0046] This can be understood as follows: after the trackless equipment is transferred from the transfer channel to the N+1 layer of the first mining area, it operates on the free surface formed by the filling in the first mining area, thereby continuing to mine the ore body of the next layer.

[0047] Step S107: Fill the Nth layer of the third mining area, mine the remaining part of the ore body of the N+1th layer of the second mining area, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting channel for connecting the first and third mining areas.

[0048] This can be understood as follows: by filling the Nth layer of the third mining area to form the free surface of the N+1th layer of the third mining area, the trackless equipment can mine the ore body of the N+2th layer of the third mining area upwards on this free surface. At the same time, mining the remaining part of the ore body of the N+1th layer of the second mining area not only fully extracts the ore, but also provides space for the connecting channel between the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the N+1th layer of the third mining area. This avoids the trackless equipment from colliding with the remaining ore body of the N+1th layer of the second mining area when it moves in this connecting channel. It should be noted that since the Nth layer of the second mining area is still in the state of a connecting slope at this time, it is necessary to fill the connecting slope with waste rock to form the driving surface of the connecting channel. The trackless equipment can move from the N+1th layer of the first mining area to the N+1th layer of the third mining area through this driving surface.

[0049] Step S108: Increase the number of N by 1, and repeat steps S104 to S107 until the ore mining in the target area is completed.

[0050] This can be understood as repeating steps S104 to S107, progressively mining the ore body layer by layer in the first, second, and third mining areas until all the ore in the target section has been mined. After mining and filling, the state of the section is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0051] In some embodiments, Figure 1 In the process, the steps of filling the Nth layer of the first mining area and the Nth layer of the third mining area include: filling the lower layer with low-strength tailings cemented filler and filling the upper layer with high-strength filler. This can be understood as using the waste generated during the mining of the first and second mining areas to form the Nth-strength tailings cemented filler, thereby saving the manufacturing cost of the filler. At the same time, in order to form a free surface that can reliably support the trackless equipment, it is also necessary to fill a certain thickness of high-strength filler on the upper layer of the tailings cemented filler so that the surface of the filler layer has sufficient strength.

[0052] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 High-strength cemented filler 1 and low-strength cemented filler 2 are located in the first and third stopes, respectively. High-strength cemented filler 1 is located above low-strength cemented filler 2, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, dry packing 3 (waste rock) is located in the second mining area.

[0053] Optionally, each filling height is 3 meters. The lower 2.5 meters are filled with low-strength tailings cemented filling material with a lime-sand ratio of 1:8 to 1:12, and the upper 0.5 meters of the surface layer is filled with a higher-strength filling material with a ratio of 1:3 to 1:4. The three-day strength is required to be greater than 0.5 MPa, so as to serve as an operating platform for the next layer of mining and facilitate the passage of trackless equipment. After the mining area is filled, a 3-meter working space is reserved for the operation of the next layer.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, in Figure 1 Prior to step S101, the upward layered mining method for steeply dipping thin ore bodies further includes:

[0055] The first step is to arrange the intermediate transport roadway 4 along the strike of the footwall of the ore body for centralized ore extraction. The cross-section of the intermediate transport roadway is 4.0m × 3.6m (4 meters wide and 3.6 meters high), and this cross-section is a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the intermediate transport roadway.

[0056] Step 2, as follows Figure 4 As shown, at the left boundary of each stope, a cross-cutting roadway 5 is excavated from the middle transport roadway along the ore body to control the ore body and prepare for the subsequent connection of the adjacent pedestrian access shaft. The cross-section of the cross-cutting roadway is 2.5m × 2.5m (2.5m wide and 2.5m high), and this cross-section is a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the cross-cutting roadway 5. At the same time, at the right boundary of each stope, a cross-cutting roadway 5 is excavated from the middle transport roadway along the ore body to control the ore body and prepare for the subsequent connection of the adjacent pedestrian access shaft. The cross-section of the cross-cutting roadway is 2.5m × 2.5m (2.5m wide and 2.5m high), and this cross-section is a plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the cross-cutting roadway 5.

[0057] Step 3: Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 At the end of the cross-vein roadway, a ventilation and pedestrian lift 10 is excavated upward in the ore body to connect the upper and middle sections for ventilation and pedestrian access. The cross-section of the ventilation and pedestrian lift is 1.8m × 1.5m (1.8m wide and 1.5m long). It can be understood that there are multiple intermittent middle section transport roadways 4 along the vertical direction, and the ventilation and pedestrian lift 10 connects each middle section transport roadway 4.

[0058] Step 4, such as Figure 2 As shown, a filling shaft connecting roadway 11 is formed horizontally in the middle section transport roadway 4 located above. Filling shafts 9 are excavated from top to bottom from the filling shaft connecting roadway 11 to the first and third mining areas for lowering filling pipelines. The cross-section of the filling shaft is a circle with a diameter of 1.5 meters.

[0059] Step 5, as Figure 2As shown, a chute connecting roadway 8 is arranged from the middle section transport roadway 4 in the footwall of the ore body at the middle position of each mining area. The cross-section of the chute connecting roadway 8 is 2.5m×2.5m (2.5m long and 2.5m wide).

[0060] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 The method for upward layered mining of steeply inclined thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling also includes: arranging ore pass 7 in the ore pass connecting tunnel. Ore pass 7 is gradually formed during the mining of each ore body layer, and the length of ore pass 7 gradually increases with the mining length of the ore body from bottom to top. The cross-section of ore pass 7 is a circle with a diameter of 1.5 meters.

[0061] In some embodiments, a bottom-running roadway is excavated along the strike of the ore body at the end of the vein. After the ore is mined, the bottom-running roadway is used as a free face to extend to the boundary of the stope. This part is the first layer mined from bottom to top, and at the same time serves as the free face for the second layer of the stope to be mined.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the mining of the ore bodies in the first and second mining areas through phased blasting includes: after the ore body blasting, fresh air enters the mining area from the cross-cutting vein, cleans the working face, and then the waste air returns to the upper intermediate return airway through the ventilation and pedestrian shaft 10; after the toxic and harmful gases and dust in the mining area are discharged, a narrow-body loader is used to release the ore through the pass until all the ore in that layer is mined. If the corresponding layer needs to be widened, after the ore body 14 of that layer is completely mined, the surrounding rock 15 is mined to expand the width of the mining area to 2 meters, and all the waste rock is released through the pass. At the same time, an exit pass 7 is drilled and left for the mining of the upper layer.

[0063] Optionally, after the stratified ore extraction in the stope is completed, a backfilling pipeline is installed. The main backfilling pipeline runs down into the stope via the backfilling shaft, using PVC plastic pipes as the backfilling pipes. For example... Figure 2 As shown, a pedestrian walkway 6 is constructed along the path between the first stope and the partition pillar. The walkway 6 connects to the cross-cutting channel 5, with a cross-section of 1.8m × 1.5m (1.8m long, 1.5m wide). Fresh air flows through the cross-cutting channel into the walkway before entering the stope. A water filter pipe with an inner diameter of 100mm is installed in the walkway walkway. The filter pipe is made of steel pipes connected together, with the joints sealed to prevent sand leakage. Simultaneously, a backfill retaining wall 16 is constructed using red bricks, with a wall thickness of 0.6m. The surface of the retaining wall is finished with 20mm thick C20 concrete sprayed concrete, and the contact points with the rock face are sealed tightly to prevent grout leakage. A backfill retaining wall 16 is also constructed at the connection between the access opening and the second stope.

[0064] Optional, such as Figure 2As shown, isolation frame columns 12 are set on both sides of the target mining section in the horizontal direction, and top columns 13 are set on the top of the target mining section.

[0065] This invention also provides a method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling. This mining method is applicable to two closely spaced ore bodies, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the upward layered mining method for steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint filling includes:

[0066] Step S201: Determine two adjacent ore bodies as the first and third mining areas, and determine the surrounding rock between the two ore bodies as the second mining area.

[0067] This can be understood as, Figure 1 The mining method shown can also be applied to two adjacent ore bodies. The difference is that the second stop is the surrounding rock between the two adjacent ore bodies. The second stop does not mine the ore body, but is only used to mine the surrounding rock and form a transition channel between the two adjacent ore bodies through the mined waste rock. The length of the first stop and the third stop is less than a preset length threshold, such as 70 meters, to meet the mining conditions of the mining method provided in this embodiment.

[0068] Step S202: Mining the Nth layer of ore body in the first and third mining areas, and mining the Nth layer of surrounding rock in the second mining area.

[0069] That is, the operation methods of the first and second mining areas in this step are the same as those in the second mining area. Figure 1 The process is the same as step S102, except that the Nth layer of the second mining area is not mined from the ore body, but from the surrounding rock. It should be noted that the mining process of the second mining area is a one-time mining operation, in which the surrounding rock is directly mined to a width sufficient for the trackless equipment to pass through.

[0070] Step S203: Mining the N+1th layer of the ore body in the first mining area upwards from the Nth layer of the first mining area.

[0071] The operation method of this step is the same as Figure 1 The same as step S103 in the previous section.

[0072] Step S204: Enter the Nth layer of the third mining area from the Nth layer of the first mining area, and mine upwards to the N+1th layer of the ore body in the third mining area.

[0073] The operation method of this step is the same as Figure 1 The same as step S104 in the previous section.

[0074] Step S205: Fill the Nth layer of the first mining area, and extract the surrounding rock below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the second mining area from the Nth layer of the second mining area upwards, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope.

[0075] The operation method of this step is the same as Figure 1 The process is similar to step S105, except that in the second mining area, instead of mining the ore body, the surrounding rock is mined.

[0076] Step S206: Enter the N+1 layer of the first mining area from the Nth layer of the third mining area through the connecting slope, and mine upwards to the N+2 layer of the first mining area.

[0077] The operation method of this step is the same as Figure 1 The same as step S106 in the previous section.

[0078] Step S207: Fill the Nth layer of the third mining area, mine the remaining surrounding rock of the N+1th layer of the second mining area, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting channel for connecting the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the N+1th layer of the third mining area.

[0079] The operation method of this step is the same as Figure 1 The steps are similar to S107, except that the remaining part of the second mining area is not the ore body but the surrounding rock.

[0080] Step S208: Increase the number of N by 1, and repeat steps S204 to S207 until the ore mining of the target area of ​​two adjacent blocks is completed.

[0081] This can be understood as follows: by repeating steps S204 to S207, two adjacent ore blocks are mined layer by layer upwards, and the trackless equipment can be transferred between different layers of the two adjacent ore blocks until the ore in the two adjacent ore blocks is completely mined. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint backfilling, characterized in that, The total length of the steeply dipping thin ore body is within a preset length range. The upward layered mining method for the steeply dipping thin ore body includes: Step S101: Divide the ore block into a first mining area, a second mining area and a third mining area. The first mining area and the third mining area are located on both sides of the second mining area. The routing length of the first mining area and the third mining area is less than a preset length threshold. Step S102: Mining the Nth ore body in the first stope, the second stope and the third stope, where the initial value of N is 1; Step S103: Mining the N+1th layer of ore body in the first stope from the Nth layer upwards; Step S104: Enter the Nth layer of the third mining area from the Nth layer of the first mining area, and mine upwards to the N+1th layer of the ore body in the third mining area; Step S105: Fill the Nth layer of the first mining area, and mine the ore body below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the ore body in the second mining area from the Nth layer upwards, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope, wherein the connecting slope is the line connecting the top of the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the top of the Nth layer of the third mining area, and the connecting slope connects the bottom of the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the bottom of the Nth layer of the third mining area; Step S106: Enter the N+1 layer of the first mining area from the Nth layer of the third mining area through the connecting slope, and mine upwards to the N+2 layer of the first mining area; Step S107: Fill the Nth layer of the third mining area, mine the remaining part of the ore body of the N+1th layer of the second mining area, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting channel for connecting the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the N+1th layer of the third mining area. Step S108: Increase the number of N by 1, and repeat steps S104 to S107 until the ore mining in the target area is completed.

2. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Nth layer filling the first stope and the Nth layer filling the third stope include: A low-strength tailings cemented backfill is used to fill the space below the backfill layer, and a high-strength backfill is used to fill the space above the low-strength tailings cemented backfill.

3. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of mining the ore body below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the ore body in the second mining area from the Nth layer upwards, and forming a connecting slope by filling the second mining area with waste rock, includes: Drill around the rock to a thickness twice that of the ore body. Do not release the extracted waste rock. Lay the waste rock at the bottom of the Nth layer of the second mining area to form the connecting slope. The slope of the connecting slope is no greater than 18 degrees.

4. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upward mining of the N+1th ore layer in the first stope and the upward mining of the N+1th ore layer in the third stope include: The N+1th ore layer is mined by blasting in stages, and the ore is released from the ore pass. If the width of the N+1th layer after ore extraction does not meet the passage conditions for trackless equipment, the surrounding rock will be extracted to widen the N+1th layer to the target width.

5. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to step S101, the method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies further includes: A mid-section transport roadway is arranged along the strike of the footwall of the ore body for centralized ore extraction.

6. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimensions of the intermediate transport roadway are 4 meters wide and 3.6 meters high.

7. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 5, characterized in that, After arranging the intermediate transport roadway along the strike of the footwall of the ore body, the upward layered mining method for the steeply dipping thin ore body further includes: In the first, second, and third mining areas, the intermediate transport roadway is excavated into the ore body to form a through-vein roadway.

8. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel are 2.5 meters wide and 2.5 meters high.

9. The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the intermediate transport roadway is excavated into the ore body to form a cross-vein roadway in the first, second, and third mining areas, the upward layered mining method for steeply dipping thin ore bodies further includes: At the end of the vein tunnel, ventilation and pedestrian access shafts are excavated upwards in the ore body for ventilation and pedestrian access.

10. A method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies based on dry cemented joint backfilling, characterized in that, The method for upward layered mining of steeply dipping thin ore bodies includes: Step S201: Determine two adjacent ore blocks as the first mining area and the third mining area, and determine the surrounding rock between the two ore blocks as the second mining area. The routing length of the first mining area and the third mining area is less than a preset length threshold. Step S202: Mining the Nth layer of ore body in the first and third mining areas, and mining the Nth layer of surrounding rock in the second mining area, wherein the initial value of N is 1; Step S203: Mining the N+1th layer of ore body in the first stope upwards from the Nth layer; Step S204: Enter the Nth layer of the third mining area from the Nth layer of the first mining area, and mine upwards to the N+1th layer of the ore body in the third mining area; Step S205: Fill the Nth layer of the first mining area, and extract the surrounding rock below the connecting slope of the N+1th layer of the second mining area from the Nth layer of the second mining area upwards, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting slope, wherein the connecting slope is the line connecting the top of the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the top of the Nth layer of the third mining area, and the connecting slope connects the bottom of the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the bottom of the Nth layer of the third mining area; Step S206: Enter the N+1 layer of the first mining area from the Nth layer of the third mining area through the connecting slope, and mine upwards to the N+2 layer of the first mining area; Step S207: Fill the Nth layer of the third mining area, mine the remaining surrounding rock of the N+1th layer of the second mining area, and fill the second mining area with waste rock to form a connecting channel for connecting the N+1th layer of the first mining area and the N+1th layer of the third mining area. Step S208: Increment the number N by 1, and repeat steps S204 to S207 until the ore mining in the target area of ​​two adjacent ore blocks is completed.

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