Inertia triggering type composite energy dissipation impact-resistant tunnel supporting structure

Abstract

The invention relates to an inertia triggering type composite energy consumption anti-impact tunnel supporting structure which comprises an arch frame composed of a plurality of arc-shaped unit sets, and inertia triggering and composite energy consumption subsystems are arranged between the adjacent arc-shaped unit sets. The inertia triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem comprises a shell, a control unit, an inertia flywheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a hydraulic damper, a partition plate, a connecting shaft and a metal yield rod. A reset spring is arranged in the hydraulic damper. In the adjacent arc-shaped unit groups, the connecting shaft is connected with one arc-shaped unit group, and one side, opposite to the connecting shaft, of the shell is connected with the other arc-shaped unit group; an acceleration sensor is arranged in the control unit, and when the acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensor is larger than a set threshold value, the electromagnetic clutch and the inertia flywheel are attracted, so that the partition plate rotates and crosses the check block through the notch to make contact with the hydraulic damper and the metal yield rod. When being impacted, the high-toughness and high-static-load impact-resistant cable can be quickly switched from high static-load strength to high dynamic-load toughness so as to cope with the impact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering support, specifically to an inertial-triggered composite energy-dissipating and impact-resistant tunnel support structure. Background Technology

[0002] Rockbursts and rock bursts pose significant safety threats to deep underground engineering projects. They are characterized by the sudden and violent release of elastic energy accumulated in the surrounding rock, forming powerful dynamic shock waves. Traditional support systems (such as rigid concrete linings and ordinary shotcrete supports) and conventional yielding supports (such as yielding anchors) have significant shortcomings in dealing with these disasters: while traditional supports have high static strength, their lack of toughness makes them prone to brittle fracture and overall collapse under impact loads; conventional yielding supports are designed for slow, large deformations, resulting in slow response speeds and low energy dissipation rates, making them ineffective against millisecond-level, intense impacts, often leading to their collapse. Furthermore, existing impact-resistant support structures generally lack intelligent recognition capabilities, failing to distinguish between static and dynamic loads, often resulting in unnecessary deformations in the static stage, weakening the support strength, and exhibiting slow response times when impacts occur.

[0003] Therefore, this invention proposes an inertial-triggered composite energy-dissipating and impact-resistant tunnel support structure that can quickly switch from "high strength under static load" to "high toughness under dynamic load" to cope with the impact. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes an inertial-triggered composite energy-dissipating and impact-resistant tunnel support structure, which possesses a dual working mode of "high strength under static load and high toughness under dynamic load." It can quickly switch working modes upon impact and can rapidly repair itself after an impact. The specific technical solution is as follows: An inertial-triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure includes an arch frame composed of multiple arc-shaped unit groups. An inertial triggering and composite energy-dissipating subsystem is arranged between adjacent arc-shaped unit groups. The inertial triggering and composite energy-dissipating subsystem includes a housing, a control unit, an inertial flywheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a hydraulic damper, and a metal yield bar. The electromagnetic clutch is coaxially mounted inside the housing. An inertial flywheel is arranged on the moving side of the electromagnetic clutch and mounted on the housing via bearings. A partition is arranged on the stationary side of the electromagnetic clutch. A connecting rod b, connected to the electromagnetic clutch, and a connecting rod a, connected to the partition, are sequentially arranged between the electromagnetic clutch and the partition. Connecting rod b and connecting rod a are connected by a spline. A connecting shaft is arranged on the side of the partition facing away from the electromagnetic clutch, and an annular groove is formed on the connecting shaft. Connecting rod a passes through the partition and is connected to a convex ring located in the annular groove. Inside, the end of the connecting shaft facing away from the partition extends out of the housing, and the hydraulic damper has a built-in return spring. A stop block is also provided inside the housing, and the partition has a number of notches matching the number of the stop blocks. When not subjected to impact, the stop blocks and the side of the partition facing the electromagnetic clutch are in contact and act as a limit to the partition. The stop blocks and notches are staggered. The hydraulic damper and the metal yield bar are both installed inside the housing. In adjacent arc-shaped unit groups, the end of the connecting shaft outside the housing is connected to one arc-shaped unit group, and the side of the housing facing away from the connecting shaft is connected to another arc-shaped unit group. The control unit has a built-in acceleration sensor. When the acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensor exceeds a set threshold, the electromagnetic clutch engages with the inertial flywheel, causing the partition to rotate and pass through the notch past the stop block to contact the hydraulic damper and the metal yield bar. At this time, the spline between connecting rod a and connecting rod b disengages.

[0005] Furthermore, the electromagnetic clutch is a normally closed clutch. When the signal detected by the acceleration sensor reaches the set threshold, the control unit energizes the electromagnetic clutch, and the moving plate engages with the inertial flywheel.

[0006] Furthermore, the metal yield bar is made of alloy steel LY225 and pre-softened by heat treatment.

[0007] Furthermore, the acceleration threshold is set at 50g.

[0008] Furthermore, there are four stops, and four limiting blocks corresponding to the positions of the stops are provided inside the housing. An installation area is formed between the stops and their corresponding limiting blocks. There are two hydraulic dampers and two metal yield bars. The hydraulic dampers and metal yield bars are installed in their respective installation areas. The axis of the metal yield bar is parallel to the axis of the electromagnetic clutch.

[0009] Furthermore, a damping spring is provided between the hydraulic damper and its corresponding limit block, and a damping spring is provided between the metal yield bar and its corresponding limit block.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on the principle of inertia, the identification of static and dynamic loads and the switching of working modes are realized, which solves the contradiction between "high strength" and "high toughness" in traditional structures. The parallel hydraulic damping and metal yielding energy dissipation mechanism can simultaneously cope with the high-frequency components and low-frequency large displacement components in the impact load, with large energy dissipation capacity and high efficiency. The main structure will not be damaged after impact, and its function can be restored by replacing standardized and low-cost energy dissipation components (yield rod, hydraulic oil), which greatly reduces maintenance costs and downtime. The return spring in the hydraulic damper can reset the diaphragm after impact, avoiding residual deformation of the structure after impact, providing a safe space for subsequent repair work, and ensuring the continuous effectiveness of the support system. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the support structure described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the inertial triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partition described in this invention.

[0013] In the diagram: 1. Surrounding rock; 2. Arch frame; 3. Inertial triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem; 3.1. Shell; 3.2. Piston rod; 3.3. Inertial flywheel; 3.4. Electromagnetic clutch; 3.5. Hydraulic damper; 3.6. Metal yield bar; 3.7. Convex ring; 3.8. Connecting rod a; 3.9. Control unit; 3.10. Piston block; 3.11. Connecting rod b; 3.12. Partition plate; 3.13. Stop block; 3.14. Limiting shell; 3.15. Connecting shaft; 3.16. Annular groove. Detailed Implementation

[0014] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0015] The present invention provides the following specific implementation schemes: like Figure 1-3 As shown, this inertial triggering composite energy dissipation and impact-resistant tunnel support structure includes an arch frame 2 composed of multiple arc-shaped unit groups. Each arc-shaped unit group includes at least one arc-shaped unit, and an inertial triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem 3 is arranged between adjacent arc-shaped unit groups.

[0016] Furthermore, the inertial triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem 3 includes a housing 3.1, a control unit 3.9, an inertial flywheel 3.3, an electromagnetic clutch 3.4, a hydraulic damper 3.5, and a metal yield bar 3.6. The housing 3.1 is cylindrical. The electromagnetic clutch 3.4 is coaxially mounted inside the housing 3.1. The inertial flywheel 3.3 is arranged on the moving plate side of the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 and is mounted on the housing 3.1 via bearings. A partition plate 3.12 is arranged on the stationary plate side of the electromagnetic clutch 3.4. A connecting rod b3 connected to the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 is sequentially arranged between the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 and the partition plate 3.12. 11 and connecting rod a3.8 connected to partition 3.12. Connecting rod a3.8 and partition 3.12 are connected by a locking block and a locking groove. Connecting rod b3.11 and connecting rod a3.8 are connected by a spline. A connecting shaft 3.15 is arranged on the side of partition 3.12 facing away from electromagnetic clutch 3.4. The connecting shaft 3.15 has an annular groove 3.16. Connecting rod a3.8 passes through partition 3.12 and is connected to a convex ring 3.7. The convex ring 3.7 is located in the annular groove 3.16. There is a gap between the convex ring 3.7 and the groove. The end of connecting shaft 3.15 facing away from partition 3.12 extends out of housing 3.1. Housing 3.1 is also provided with a... The limiting shell 3.14 supports the connecting shaft 3.15, and the hydraulic damper 3.5 has a built-in return spring (not shown in the figure); the housing 3.1 also has a stop block 3.13, and the partition plate 3.12 has a number of notches the same as the stop block 3.13, but the notches are larger than the stop blocks 3.13; when not subjected to impact, the stop block 3.13 and the side of the partition plate 3.12 facing the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 are in contact and limit the partition plate 3.12, at which time the stop block 3.13 and the notch are misaligned; the hydraulic damper 3.5 and the metal yield bar 3.6 are both installed in the housing 3.1; in the adjacent arc-shaped unit group, the connecting shaft 3 One end of the housing 3.15, located outside the housing 3.1, is connected to one of the arc-shaped unit groups. The side of the housing 3.1 facing away from the connecting shaft 3.15 is connected to another arc-shaped unit group. The control unit 3.9 has a built-in acceleration sensor. When the acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensor is greater than the set threshold, the control unit 3.9 issues a command to make the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 engage with the inertial flywheel 3.3. Driven by the inertial flywheel 3.3, the partition 3.12 rotates and passes through the notch past the stop block 3.13 to contact the hydraulic damper 3.5 and the metal yield bar 3.6. At this time, the spline between connecting rod a3.8 and connecting rod b3.11 disengages.

[0017] Furthermore, the hydraulic damper 3.5 also includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston block 3.10, and a piston rod 3.2. The piston block 3.10 is slidably installed in the piston cylinder, and the piston block 3.10 is fixedly connected to the piston rod 3.2. When subjected to impact, the piston rod 3.2 contacts the partition plate 3.12.

[0018] Furthermore, the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 is a normally closed clutch. When the signal detected by the acceleration sensor reaches the set threshold, the control unit 3.9 energizes the electromagnetic clutch 3.4, and the moving plate engages with the inertial flywheel 3.3.

[0019] Furthermore, the metal yield bar 3.6 is made of alloy steel LY225 and has been pre-softened by heat treatment.

[0020] Furthermore, the acceleration threshold can be set arbitrarily according to the device's operating environment, with the maximum value depending on the range of the acceleration sensor. In this embodiment, the acceleration threshold is 50g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.

[0021] Furthermore, there are four stop blocks 3.13, and four limiting blocks corresponding to the positions of the stop blocks 3.13 are also provided inside the housing 3.1. An installation area is formed between the stop blocks 3.13 and their corresponding limiting blocks. There are two hydraulic dampers 3.5 and two metal yield bars 3.6. The hydraulic dampers 3.5 and the metal yield bars 3.6 are respectively installed in their corresponding installation areas. The axis of the metal yield bar 3.6 is parallel to the axis of the electromagnetic clutch 3.4.

[0022] Furthermore, a damping spring is provided between the hydraulic damper 3.5 and its corresponding limit block, and a damping spring is provided between the metal yield bar 3.6 and its corresponding limit block. The damping springs can absorb vibration energy and also facilitate the disassembly and assembly of components within the installation area.

[0023] When in use, the arch frame 2 with the composite energy consumption subsystem is set up in a roadway with a high risk of rockburst, and the trigger acceleration threshold is set to 50g through the control unit 3.9.

[0024] Static high-strength stage: Under normal creep or hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding rock 1, the force acting on the arch frame 2 is slow. At this time, the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 is normally closed, and adjacent arc-shaped unit groups are in rigid contact through the partition 3.12, the stop block 3.13, and the shell 3.1. The entire support structure acts as a high-strength rigid frame, effectively suppressing the deformation of the surrounding rock 1. Its bearing capacity is entirely determined by the yield strength of the high-strength steel, and the deformation is minimal.

[0025] Dynamic Triggering and High-Energy Consumption Stage: When a violent rockburst occurs, the acceleration sensor in the control unit 3.9 detects a huge acceleration. When the detected acceleration exceeds a preset threshold (50g), the control unit 3.9 immediately energizes the electromagnetic clutch 3.4, causing the inertial flywheel 3.3 to quickly engage with the electromagnetic clutch 3.4. At the moment of engagement, the inertial flywheel 3.3 drives the connecting rod b3.11 to rotate through the electromagnetic clutch 3.4. The connecting rod b3.11 drives the partition 3.12 to rotate through the connecting rod a3.8. When the notch on the partition 3.12 coincides with the stop block 3.13 on the housing 3.1, the partition 3.12 can pass over the stop block 3.13 and contact the hydraulic damper 3.5 and the metal yield rod 3.6. Subsequently, the spline connection fails, the partition 3.12 stops rotating, and the impact kinetic energy is transferred to the hydraulic damper 3.5 and the metal yield rod 3.6. The impact energy is rapidly converted into: the enormous heat generated when the hydraulic oil passes through the narrow valve orifice (viscous energy dissipation); and the energy absorbed by the plastic compression of the metal yield bar 3.6 (plastic energy dissipation). At this stage, the support structure allows for large displacements (e.g., 100-200 mm) but provides extremely high and stable resistance (i.e., high toughness), acting as an "impact energy absorber" to effectively protect the main structure and the safety of the subsequent engineering work.

[0026] Reset Phase: After the main impact energy is absorbed, the force acting on the structure rapidly decays. At this time, the reset spring in the hydraulic damper 3.5 begins to release its stored elastic energy, pushing the piston rod 3.2 to move in the opposite direction. Since connecting rod b is still slowly rotating due to the inertia of the flywheel 3.3, the spline connection between connecting rod a 3.8 and connecting rod b 3.11 reconnects and takes effect. The control unit 3.9 controls the electromagnetic clutch 3.4, and the partition 3.12 slowly rotates until it passes the stop block 3.13, after which the electromagnetic clutch 3.4 is fully engaged. The main body of the entire support structure springs back to near its initial position. Subsequently, the construction personnel can replace the plastically deformed metal yield bar 3.6 and the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic damper 3.5, and the entire system quickly returns to standby status, ready to deal with the next potential impact.

[0027] Based on the principle of inertia, the identification of static and dynamic loads and the switching of working modes are realized, which solves the contradiction between "high strength" and "high toughness" in traditional structures. The parallel hydraulic damping and metal yield energy dissipation mechanism can simultaneously cope with the high-frequency components and low-frequency large displacement components in the impact load, with large energy dissipation capacity and high efficiency. The main structure will not be damaged after impact, and its function can be restored by replacing standardized and low-cost energy dissipation components (metal yield bar 3.6 and hydraulic oil in hydraulic damper 3.5), which greatly reduces maintenance costs and downtime. The return spring in hydraulic damper 3.5 can reset the diaphragm 3.12 after impact, avoiding residual deformation of the structure after impact, providing a safe space for subsequent repair work, and ensuring the continued effectiveness of the support system.

[0028] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. An inertia triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure, characterized by: The arch frame is composed of a plurality of arc unit groups, and an inertia triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem is arranged between adjacent arc unit groups; the inertia triggering and composite energy dissipation subsystem comprises a shell, a control unit, an inertia flywheel, an electromagnetic clutch, a hydraulic damper and a metal yielding rod, the electromagnetic clutch is coaxially installed in the shell, the inertia flywheel is arranged on the side of the moving disc of the electromagnetic clutch and is installed on the shell through a bearing, a partition plate is arranged on the side of the static disc of the electromagnetic clutch, a connecting rod b connected with the electromagnetic clutch and a connecting rod a connected with the partition plate are sequentially arranged between the electromagnetic clutch and the partition plate, the connecting rod b and the connecting rod a are connected through a spline, a connecting shaft is arranged on the side of the partition plate away from the electromagnetic clutch, the connecting shaft is provided with a ring groove, the connecting rod a passes through the partition plate and is connected with a convex ring, the convex ring is located in the ring groove, one end of the connecting shaft away from the partition plate extends out of the shell, and the hydraulic damper is provided with a return spring; the shell is further provided with a stop block, and the partition plate is further provided with a plurality of notches corresponding to the number of the stop blocks; when not subjected to impact, the stop blocks are attached to the side of the partition plate facing the electromagnetic clutch and limit the partition plate, and the stop blocks and the notches are arranged in a staggered manner; the hydraulic damper and the metal yielding rod are installed in the shell; in the adjacent arc unit groups, one end of the connecting shaft away from the shell is connected with one of the arc unit groups, and the side of the shell away from the connecting shaft is connected with the other arc unit group; the control unit is provided with an acceleration sensor, when the acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensor is greater than a set threshold value, the electromagnetic clutch is attracted to the inertia flywheel, so that the partition plate rotates and passes through the notches to pass the stop blocks and contact the hydraulic damper and the metal yielding rod, and the spline between the connecting rod a and the connecting rod b is disconnected.

2. The inertia-triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic clutch is a normally closed clutch, when the signal detected by the acceleration sensor reaches the set threshold value, the control unit supplies power to the electromagnetic clutch, and the moving disc is attracted to the inertia flywheel.

3. The inertia-triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal yielding rod is made of alloy steel LY225 and is pre-softened through heat treatment.

4. The inertia-triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acceleration set threshold value is 50g.

5. The inertia-triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is further provided with four limiting blocks corresponding to the positions of the stop blocks, the stop blocks and the corresponding limiting blocks form installation areas therebetween, the hydraulic damper and the metal yielding rod are each two, and the hydraulic damper and the metal yielding rod are respectively installed in the corresponding installation areas, and the axis of the metal yielding rod is parallel to the axis of the electromagnetic clutch.

6. The inertia-triggered composite energy-dissipating impact-resistant tunnel support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A damping spring is arranged between the hydraulic damper and the corresponding limiting block, and a damping spring is arranged between the metal yielding rod and the corresponding limiting block.

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