A device and method for monitoring the influence of deep foundation pit excavation on subway vertical deformation

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of underground space engineering monitoring, and discloses a device for monitoring the influence of deep foundation pit excavation on subway vertical deformation, comprising a reference fixing mechanism, a deformation transmission mechanism, a multi-stage amplification mechanism and a reading recording mechanism; the reference fixing mechanism is embedded in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit and serves as a monitoring reference; one end of the deformation transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the top of the subway tunnel, and the other end is movably connected with the reference fixing mechanism; the deformation transmission mechanism is used for transmitting the vertical deformation of the top of the tunnel. Through cooperation between the reference fixing mechanism, the deformation transmission mechanism, the multi-stage amplification mechanism and the reading recording mechanism, the vertical deformation of the top of the subway tunnel can be monitored without relying on external power, and the multi-stage amplification can accurately capture slight deformation, effectively solving the problems of low precision and poor adaptability of traditional monitoring devices in the special environment of subway tunnels, and improving the accuracy and reliability of subway structure safety monitoring during deep foundation pit excavation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of underground space engineering monitoring, and in particular to a monitoring device and method for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways. Background Technology

[0002] Existing mechanical monitoring solutions for deformation of the top of subway tunnels during deep foundation pit excavation have significant drawbacks: the reference is mostly shallowly buried, which is easily affected by surface disturbances and is prone to shift; rigid connections are also prone to jamming due to lateral stress; the ability to amplify small deformations is weak, and traditional structures are difficult to adapt to the humid environment of tunnels; the device lacks long-term passive recording capabilities and relies on manual monitoring; and it cannot meet the monitoring requirements of high precision, anti-interference, and high adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the monitoring devices for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: including,

[0006] Reference fixing mechanism, deformation transmission mechanism, multi-stage amplification mechanism, and reading recording mechanism;

[0007] The reference fixing mechanism is buried in stable strata outside the influence range of the foundation pit, serving as a monitoring reference.

[0008] One end of the deformation transmission mechanism is fixedly connected to the top of the subway tunnel, and the other end is movably connected to the reference fixing mechanism. The deformation transmission mechanism is used to transmit the vertical deformation of the tunnel top.

[0009] The multi-stage amplification mechanism is located between the deformation transmission mechanism and the reading recording mechanism, and it is used to mechanically amplify minute vertical deformations.

[0010] The reading recording mechanism is used to display and record magnified deformation information.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of the subway as described in this invention, the reference fixing mechanism includes a deeply buried reference pile, a fixed bearing plate, and a spherical hinge support.

[0012] The deep-buried reference pile is embedded in a stable rock layer outside the influence range of the foundation pit. The fixed bearing plate is horizontally fixed to the top of the deep-buried reference pile. The spherical hinge support is fixed at the center of the fixed bearing plate and is movably connected to the deformation transmission mechanism.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway as described in this invention, the deformation transmission mechanism includes a top anchor, a rigid transmission rod, a ball joint, and an anti-interference component.

[0014] The top anchor is fixed to the top of the subway tunnel. One end of the rigid transmission rod is welded to the top anchor, and the other end is fixedly connected to the ball joint. The ball joint is embedded in the interior of the spherical hinge support to form a hinged fit.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for monitoring the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of the subway as described in this invention, the anti-interference component includes a fixed bent rod fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile, a guide sleeve fixed to the other end of the fixed bent rod and sleeved on the surface of the rigid transmission rod, and a guide strip fixed to the surface of the rigid transmission rod.

[0016] The inner wall of the guide sleeve is provided with a guide groove for guiding the rigid transmission rod in conjunction with the guide bar, and the guide bar is slidably installed inside the guide groove.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway as described in this invention, the multi-stage amplification mechanism includes a primary lever component, a secondary lever component, and a flexible linkage component.

[0018] The input end of the first-level lever component is hinged to the rigid transmission rod, and its output end is movably connected to the input end of the second-level lever component through a flexible linkage component. The first-level lever component and the second-level lever component are respectively hinged to the deeply buried reference pile through a fulcrum structure.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for monitoring the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway as described in this invention, the first-stage lever component includes a first lever arm, a first fulcrum shaft, a movable hole, and a balance adjustment component.

[0020] The first fulcrum is fixed to the surface of the deeply buried reference pile. The movable hole is opened on the surface of the first lever arm. The surface of the first lever arm is hinged to the first fulcrum through the movable hole. One end of the first lever arm is hinged to the rigid transmission rod, and the other end is movably connected to the flexible linkage component. The balance adjustment component includes a damping groove opened on the surface of the first lever arm, and a balance adjustment block slidably installed inside the damping groove for balancing the self-weight of the first-stage lever component.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for monitoring the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway as described in this invention, the secondary lever component includes a second lever arm, a second fulcrum shaft, and a pointer.

[0022] The second fulcrum is fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile, the surface of the second lever arm is hinged to the second fulcrum, one end of the second lever arm is connected to the flexible linkage component, and the other end is fixedly connected to the pointer.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for monitoring the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway as described in this invention, the flexible linkage component includes a first movable hinge, a second movable hinge, and a flexible rubber block.

[0024] The first movable hinge is rotatably connected to the end of the first lever arm, the second movable hinge is rotatably connected to the end of the second lever arm, and the flexible rubber block is fixedly installed between the first movable hinge and the second movable hinge.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of the subway as described in this invention, the reading recording mechanism includes a scale display disk, recording paper, and threaded column;

[0026] The scale display dial is positioned on the movement trajectory of the pointer and is used to display the magnified deformation value; the scale display dial is used to mount the recording paper; a fixing ring is fixedly mounted on the surface of the deeply buried benchmark pile; a connecting rod is fixedly mounted on the surface of the fixing ring; the connecting rod is used to mount the scale display dial; a threaded post is threadedly mounted on the connecting rod and is used to move the scale display dial; a limit guide rod is fixedly mounted on the surface of the scale display dial; and a guide hole is opened on the surface of the connecting rod to cooperate with the limit guide rod for limiting the movement of the scale display dial.

[0027] The second lever arm has a ball bearing on the side near the scale display dial, and the ball bearing is in contact with the recording paper. The ball bearing is used to leave deformation marks on the recording paper as the second lever arm moves.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method of use.

[0029] This invention provides the following technical solution: a method of use, including the aforementioned monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway lines, the method comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1: Before the excavation of the foundation pit, the benchmark fixing mechanism is installed in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit to ensure that it is not disturbed by the excavation of the foundation pit.

[0031] S2: Fix the top anchor of the deformation transmission mechanism to the preset monitoring point at the top of the subway tunnel, so that the rigid transmission rod is connected to the spherical hinge support through the ball joint, and restrict the lateral movement of the rigid transmission rod through the anti-interference component;

[0032] S3: Calibrate the reading recording mechanism, make the pointer point to the zero position of the scale display dial, install the recording paper on the scale display dial and make the ball contact the recording paper;

[0033] S4: During the excavation of the foundation pit, the offset of the pointer on the scale display is observed regularly, and the actual vertical deformation is calculated through a multi-level amplification mechanism;

[0034] S5: Regularly replace the recording paper to obtain deformation traces at different times, forming a deformation history record. When the actual vertical deformation exceeds the preset threshold, issue an early warning and adjust the foundation pit excavation parameters.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By coordinating the reference fixing mechanism, deformation transmission mechanism, multi-stage amplification mechanism and reading recording mechanism, vertical deformation monitoring of the top of the subway tunnel can be achieved without relying on external power. It can accurately capture minute deformations through multi-stage amplification, effectively solving the problems of low accuracy and poor adaptability of traditional monitoring devices in the special environment of subway tunnels, and improving the accuracy and reliability of subway structural safety monitoring during deep foundation pit excavation. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reference fixing mechanism of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the deformation transmission mechanism of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage amplification mechanism of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage lever component of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary lever component of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible linkage component structure of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the reading and recording mechanism of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the scale display disk structure of the present invention.

[0046] In the diagram: 100, reference fixing mechanism; 110, deeply buried reference pile; 120, fixed bearing plate; 130, spherical hinge support; 200, deformation transmission mechanism; 210, top anchor; 220, rigid transmission rod; 230, spherical joint; 240, fixed bending rod; 250, guide sleeve; 260, guide bar; 300, multi-stage amplification mechanism; 310, first-stage lever component; 311, first lever arm; 312, first fulcrum shaft; 313, movable hole; 314. Damping groove; 315, balance adjustment block; 320, secondary lever component; 321, second lever arm; 322, second fulcrum shaft; 323, pointer; 330, flexible linkage component; 331, first movable hinge; 332, second movable hinge; 333, flexible rubber block; 400, reading recording mechanism; 410, scale display dial; 420, recording paper; 430, threaded post; 440, fixing ring; 450, connecting rod; 460, limit guide rod; 470, guide hole. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0050] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of the present invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not according to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, actual fabrication should include three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth. Example 1

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway lines. This device includes...

[0052] The system includes a reference fixing mechanism 100, a deformation transmission mechanism 200, a multi-stage amplification mechanism 300, and a reading recording mechanism 400.

[0053] The reference fixing mechanism 100 is buried in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit, serving as a monitoring reference.

[0054] One end of the deformation transmission mechanism 200 is fixedly connected to the top of the subway tunnel, and the other end is movably connected to the reference fixing mechanism 100. The deformation transmission mechanism 200 is used to transmit the vertical deformation of the top of the tunnel.

[0055] A multi-stage amplification mechanism 300 is disposed between the deformation transmission mechanism 200 and the reading recording mechanism 400, and is used to mechanically amplify minute vertical deformations;

[0056] The reading recording mechanism 400 is used to display and record magnified deformation information.

[0057] The system utilizes the coordination of the reference fixing mechanism 100, the deformation transmission mechanism 200, the multi-stage amplification mechanism 300, and the reading recording mechanism 400 to achieve vertical deformation monitoring of the top of the subway tunnel without relying on external power. It can accurately capture minute deformations through multi-stage amplification, effectively solving the problems of low accuracy and poor adaptability of traditional monitoring devices in the special environment of subway tunnels, and improving the accuracy and reliability of subway structural safety monitoring during deep foundation pit excavation.

[0058] Specifically, the reference fixing mechanism 100 includes a deeply buried reference pile 110, a fixed bearing plate 120, and a spherical hinge support 130.

[0059] The deep-buried reference pile 110 is embedded in a stable rock layer outside the influence range of the foundation pit. The fixed bearing plate 120 is horizontally fixed to the top of the deep-buried reference pile 110. The spherical hinge support 130 is fixed at the center of the fixed bearing plate 120 and is movably connected to the deformation transmission mechanism 200.

[0060] The fixed bearing plate 120 provides a horizontal installation foundation for the spherical hinge support 130, which in turn enables flexible hinge connection with the deformation transmission mechanism 200. This allows for the transmission of vertical deformation signals and the elimination of the influence of lateral stress on the transmission structure, ensuring the accuracy of deformation transmission and laying a benchmark foundation for subsequent monitoring accuracy.

[0061] When in use, before the foundation pit construction, the reference fixing mechanism 100 is installed in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit to ensure that it is not disturbed by the foundation pit excavation.

[0062] In summary, by coordinating the reference fixing mechanism 100, the deformation transmission mechanism 200, the multi-stage amplification mechanism 300, and the reading recording mechanism 400, vertical deformation monitoring of the top of the subway tunnel can be achieved without relying on external power. It can accurately capture minute deformations through multi-stage amplification, effectively solving the problems of low accuracy and poor adaptability of traditional monitoring devices in the special environment of subway tunnels, and improving the accuracy and reliability of subway structural safety monitoring during deep foundation pit excavation. Example 2

[0063] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 This is the second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that: the deformation transmission mechanism 200 includes a top anchor 210, a rigid transmission rod 220, a ball joint 230, and an anti-interference component;

[0064] The top anchor 210 is fixed to the top of the subway tunnel. One end of the rigid transmission rod 220 is welded to the top anchor 210, and the other end is fixedly connected to the ball joint 230. The ball joint 230 is embedded in the inside of the spherical hinge support 130 to form a hinged fit.

[0065] The deformation transmission mechanism 200 is rigidly connected to the tunnel top through the top anchor 210, ensuring that the vertical deformation of the tunnel top is completely transmitted to the rigid transmission rod 220. The fixed cooperation between the rigid transmission rod 220 and the ball joint 230, combined with the hinge structure of the ball joint 230 and 140, realizes the directional transmission of deformation, effectively avoiding interference of non-vertical displacement on the monitoring results, so that the device only responds to the vertical deformation of the tunnel top, and improves the accuracy of deformation signal acquisition.

[0066] Specifically, the anti-interference components include a fixed bent rod 240 fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile 110, a guide sleeve 250 fixed to the other end of the fixed bent rod 240 and sleeved on the surface of the rigid transmission rod 220, and a guide strip 260 fixed to the surface of the rigid transmission rod 220.

[0067] The inner wall of the guide sleeve 250 is provided with a guide groove for guiding the rigid transmission rod 220 in conjunction with the guide bar 260. The guide bar 260 is slidably installed inside the guide groove.

[0068] The rigid transmission rod 220 is limited by the cooperation between the fixed bending rod 240, the guide sleeve 250 and the guide bar 260, so that the rigid transmission rod 220 can only move vertically.

[0069] In use, the top anchor 210 of the deformation transmission mechanism 200 is fixed to a preset monitoring point at the top of the subway tunnel, so that the rigid transmission rod 220 is connected to the spherical hinge support 130 through the ball joint 230, and the lateral movement of the rigid transmission rod 220 is restricted by the anti-interference component. Example 3

[0070] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 This is the third embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the second embodiment in that the multi-stage amplification mechanism 300 includes a first-stage lever component 310, a second-stage lever component 320, and a flexible linkage component 330.

[0071] The input end of the first-stage lever component 310 is hinged to the rigid transmission rod 220, and its output end is movably connected to the input end of the second-stage lever component 320 through the flexible linkage component 330. The first-stage lever component 310 and the second-stage lever component 320 are respectively hinged to the deeply buried reference pile 110 through the fulcrum structure.

[0072] Among them, the multi-stage amplification mechanism 300 adopts a graded amplification design with a first-stage lever component 310 and a second-stage lever component 320, which can gradually amplify the small deformations at the top of the tunnel, solving the problem that traditional mechanical devices are unable to capture small deformations.

[0073] Specifically, the first-stage lever component 310 includes a first lever arm 311, a first fulcrum shaft 312, a movable hole 313, and a balance adjustment component;

[0074] The first fulcrum shaft 312 is fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile 110. The movable hole 313 is opened on the surface of the first lever arm 311. The surface of the first lever arm 311 is hinged to the first fulcrum shaft 312 through the movable hole 313. One end of the first lever arm 311 is hinged to the rigid transmission rod 220, and the other end is movably connected to the flexible linkage component 330. The balance adjustment component includes a damping groove 314 opened on the surface of the first lever arm 311, and a balance adjustment block 315 slidably installed inside the damping groove 314 and used to balance the weight of the first-stage lever component 310.

[0075] Furthermore, the secondary lever component 320 includes a second lever arm 321, a second fulcrum bracket 322, and a pointer 323;

[0076] The second fulcrum shaft 322 is fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile 110, the surface of the second lever arm 321 is hinged to the second fulcrum shaft 322, one end of the second lever arm 321 is connected to the flexible linkage component 330, and the other end is fixedly connected to the pointer.

[0077] The pointer 323 is fixedly connected to the second lever arm 321, which converts the amplified displacement into an intuitive pointer 323 offset, making it easy for monitoring personnel to read directly.

[0078] Preferably, the flexible linkage component 330 includes a first movable hinge 331, a second movable hinge 332, and a flexible rubber block 333;

[0079] The first movable hinge 331 is rotatably connected to the end of the first lever arm 311, the second movable hinge 332 is rotatably connected to the end of the second lever arm 321, and the flexible rubber block 333 is fixedly installed between the first movable hinge 331 and the second movable hinge 332.

[0080] The flexible linkage component 330 is used to adapt to the difference in motion angle between the first-stage lever component 310 and the second-stage lever component 320, avoiding the jamming problem caused by angle deviation in rigid connection, while ensuring the stable transmission of displacement signal between the first-stage lever component 310 and the second-stage lever component 320, further ensuring the reliability of the amplification process.

[0081] During use, the offset of pointer 323 on scale display 410 is observed periodically during the excavation of the foundation pit, and the actual vertical deformation is calculated through multi-level amplification mechanism 300. Example 4

[0082] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 This is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the third embodiment in that: the reading recording mechanism 400 includes a scale display disk 410, a recording paper 420, and a threaded post 430;

[0083] The scale display dial 410 is set on the movement trajectory of the pointer 323 and is used to display the magnified deformation value. The scale display dial 410 is used to install the recording paper 420. A fixing ring 440 is fixedly installed on the surface of the deep-buried reference pile 110. A connecting rod 450 is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixing ring 440. The connecting rod 450 is used to install the scale display dial 410. A threaded post 430 is threadedly installed on the connecting rod 450 and is used to move the scale display dial 410. A limit guide rod 460 is fixedly installed on the surface of the scale display dial 410. A guide hole 470 is opened on the surface of the connecting rod 450 to cooperate with the limit guide rod 460 to limit the movement of the scale display dial 410.

[0084] The second lever arm 321 has a ball bearing on the side near the scale display dial 410, and the ball bearing is in contact with the recording paper 420. The ball bearing is used to leave deformation marks on the recording paper 420 as the second lever arm 321 moves.

[0085] The scale display 410 provides an intuitive reading reference for the pointer 323 offset, enabling monitoring personnel to quickly obtain the magnified deformation value and simplifying the reading operation. The combination of the recording paper 420 and the ball bearing enables long-term passive recording of deformation, which can retain deformation traces at different times without real-time manual monitoring, reducing labor costs, completely tracing the deformation process, and providing complete data support for analyzing deformation rate and trend. Example 5

[0086] Reference Figures 1-9 This is the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a method of use, including a monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways. The method includes the following steps:

[0087] S1: Before the excavation of the foundation pit, the reference fixing mechanism 100 is installed in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit to ensure that it is not disturbed by the excavation of the foundation pit.

[0088] S2: Fix the top anchor 210 of the deformation transmission mechanism 200 to the preset monitoring point at the top of the subway tunnel, so that the rigid transmission rod 220 is connected to the spherical hinge support 130 through the ball joint 230, and restrict the lateral movement of the rigid transmission rod 220 through the anti-interference component.

[0089] S3: Calibrate the reading recording mechanism 400, make the pointer 323 point to the zero position of the scale display disk 410, install the recording paper 420 on the scale display disk 410 and make the ball contact the recording paper 420;

[0090] S4: During the excavation of the foundation pit, the offset of pointer 323 on the scale display dial 410 is observed regularly, and the actual vertical deformation is calculated through the multi-level amplification mechanism 300.

[0091] S5: Regularly replace the recording paper 420 to obtain deformation traces at different times and form a deformation history record. When the actual vertical deformation exceeds the preset threshold, issue an early warning and adjust the foundation pit excavation parameters.

[0092] It is important to note that the constructions and arrangements of this application shown in several different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who consult this disclosure will readily understand that many modifications are possible (e.g., changes in the size, dimensions, structure, shape, and proportions of various elements, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application). For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature or number or position of discrete elements may be changed or altered. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or rearranged according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent in structure. Other substitutions, modifications, alterations, and omissions may be made in the design, operation, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, for the purpose of providing a concise description of exemplary embodiments, not all features of actual embodiments (i.e., those features not relevant to the currently considered best mode for carrying out the invention, or those features not relevant to implementing the invention) may be omitted.

[0093] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subway lines, characterized in that: include, The system includes a reference fixing mechanism (100), a deformation transmission mechanism (200), a multi-stage amplification mechanism (300), and a reading recording mechanism (400). The reference fixing mechanism (100) is buried in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit, serving as a monitoring reference. One end of the deformation transmission mechanism (200) is fixedly connected to the top of the subway tunnel, and the other end is movably connected to the reference fixing mechanism (100). The deformation transmission mechanism (200) is used to transmit the vertical deformation of the tunnel top. The multi-stage amplification mechanism (300) is disposed between the deformation transmission mechanism (200) and the reading recording mechanism (400), and is used to mechanically amplify minute vertical deformations; The reading recording mechanism (400) is used to display and record the magnified deformation information; The reference fixing mechanism (100) includes a deeply buried reference pile (110), a fixed bearing plate (120), and a spherical hinge support (130). The deep-buried reference pile (110) is buried in a stable rock layer outside the influence range of the foundation pit. The fixed bearing plate (120) is horizontally fixed to the top of the deep-buried reference pile (110). The spherical hinge support (130) is fixed at the center of the fixed bearing plate (120) and is movably connected to the deformation transmission mechanism (200). The deformation transmission mechanism (200) includes a top anchor (210), a rigid transmission rod (220), a ball joint (230), and an anti-interference component; The top anchor (210) is fixed to the top of the subway tunnel. One end of the rigid transmission rod (220) is welded to the top anchor (210), and the other end is fixedly connected to the ball joint (230). The ball joint (230) is embedded in the interior of the spherical hinge support (130) to form a hinged fit. The anti-interference component includes a fixed bending rod (240) fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile (110), a guide sleeve (250) fixed to the other end of the fixed bending rod (240) and sleeved on the surface of the rigid transmission rod (220), and a guide bar (260) fixed to the surface of the rigid transmission rod (220). The inner wall of the guide sleeve (250) is provided with a guide groove for connecting the guide bar (260) to the rigid transmission rod (220) for use. The guide bar (260) is slidably installed inside the guide groove. The multi-stage amplification mechanism (300) includes a primary lever component (310), a secondary lever component (320), and a flexible linkage component (330). The input end of the first-level lever component (310) is hinged to the rigid transmission rod (220), and its output end is movably connected to the input end of the second-level lever component (320) through the flexible linkage component (330). The first-level lever component (310) and the second-level lever component (320) are respectively hinged to the deep-buried reference pile (110) through the fulcrum structure.

2. The monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage lever component (310) includes a first lever arm (311), a first fulcrum shaft (312), a movable hole (313), and a balance adjustment component; The first fulcrum shaft (312) is fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile (110). The movable hole (313) is opened on the surface of the first lever arm (311). The surface of the first lever arm (311) is hinged to the first fulcrum shaft (312) through the movable hole (313). One end of the first lever arm (311) is hinged to the rigid transmission rod (220), and the other end is movably connected to the flexible linkage component (330). The balance adjustment component includes a damping groove (314) opened on the surface of the first lever arm (311) and a balance adjustment block (315) slidably installed inside the damping groove (314) and used to balance the weight of the first-stage lever component (310).

3. The monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways according to claim 2, characterized in that: The secondary lever component (320) includes a second lever arm (321), a second fulcrum bracket (322), and a pointer (323). The second fulcrum (322) is fixed to the surface of the deep-buried reference pile (110), the surface of the second lever arm (321) is hinged to the second fulcrum (322), one end of the second lever arm (321) is connected to the flexible linkage component (330), and the other end is fixedly connected to the pointer.

4. The monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flexible linkage component (330) includes a first movable hinge (331), a second movable hinge (332), and a flexible rubber block (333). The first movable hinge (331) is rotatably connected to the end of the first lever arm (311), the second movable hinge (332) is rotatably connected to the end of the second lever arm (321), and the flexible rubber block (333) is fixedly installed between the first movable hinge (331) and the second movable hinge (332).

5. The monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of subways according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reading recording mechanism (400) includes a scale display disk (410), recording paper (420), and a threaded post (430). The scale display disk (410) is set on the movement trajectory of the pointer (323) and is used to display the magnified deformation value; the scale display disk (410) is used to install the recording paper (420); a fixing ring (440) is fixedly installed on the surface of the deep-buried benchmark pile (110); a connecting rod (450) is fixedly installed on the surface of the fixing ring (440); the connecting rod (450) is used to install the scale display disk (410); the threaded column (430) is threadedly installed on the connecting rod (450) and is used to move the scale display disk (410); a limiting guide rod (460) is fixedly installed on the surface of the scale display disk (410); and a guide hole (470) is opened on the surface of the connecting rod (450) to cooperate with the limiting guide rod (460) to limit the movement of the scale display disk (410). The second lever arm (321) is provided with a ball on the side near the scale display dial (410), and the ball is in contact with the recording paper (420). The ball is used to leave deformation marks on the recording paper (420) as the second lever arm (321) moves.

6. A method of use, characterized in that: The method of the monitoring device for the impact of deep foundation pit excavation on the vertical deformation of the subway, as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, includes the following steps: S1: Before the excavation of the foundation pit, the reference fixing mechanism (100) is installed in a stable stratum outside the influence range of the foundation pit to ensure that it is not disturbed by the excavation of the foundation pit. S2: Fix the top anchor (210) of the deformation transmission mechanism (200) to the preset monitoring point at the top of the subway tunnel, so that the rigid transmission rod (220) is connected to the spherical hinge support (130) through the ball joint (230), and restrict the lateral movement of the rigid transmission rod (220) through the anti-interference component; S3: Calibrate the reading recording mechanism (400) so that the pointer (323) points to the zero position of the scale display disk (410), install the recording paper (420) on the scale display disk (410) and make the ball contact the recording paper (420); S4: During the excavation of the foundation pit, the offset of the pointer (323) on the scale display (410) is observed regularly, and the actual vertical deformation is calculated by the multi-level amplification mechanism (300). S5: Regularly replace the recording paper (420) to obtain deformation traces at different times and form a deformation history record. When the actual vertical deformation exceeds the preset threshold, issue an early warning and adjust the foundation pit excavation parameters.

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