Port normalization processing method based on EDA, computer device and storage medium
By integrating power normalization and impedance transformation operations and using a piecewise linear path for electric field integration, the problems of high port processing complexity and low simulation efficiency in existing technologies are solved, achieving efficient and accurate port normalization processing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JULIN TECH (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
In existing EDA software signal integrity simulations, the step-by-step processing of port power normalization and impedance transformation operations increases computational complexity and intermediate data redundancy, thus reducing simulation efficiency.
The power normalization and impedance transformation operations are integrated into the port post-processing stage, and the electric field integration is performed by replacing the straight path with a broken line path along the edge, thereby optimizing the voltage calculation path and realizing the normalization of the port electric field.
It simplifies the processing flow, improves simulation efficiency, reduces computational complexity, and enhances computational accuracy. It is suitable for processing port shapes of any size and does not require refactoring the core computational framework of existing EDA software.
Smart Images
Figure CN121480448B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic design automation (EDA) technology, and more particularly to a port normalization processing method, computer equipment, and storage medium based on EDA. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of signal integrity simulation using EDA software, the transfinite element method (TEM) has become a core computational tool for handling port-related electromagnetic problems in high-frequency circuits and high-speed interconnects due to its technical advantage of rapidly extracting scattering parameters (S-parameters). Normalization of port eigenmodes is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of S-parameter calculations: when the same simulation involves different types of ports, power normalization of each port mode must first be performed. However, the S-parameters obtained by solving the transfinite element equations often cannot directly match the preset target impedance, thus requiring additional impedance transformation operations in the S-parameter post-processing stage. This step-by-step processing flow of "power normalization + independent impedance transformation" not only increases the complexity of the computational steps but also leads to intermediate data redundancy, significantly reducing simulation efficiency. Therefore, a port processing method that integrates power normalization and impedance transformation operations is needed to improve simulation speed and reduce computational complexity. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a port normalization processing method, computer device, and storage medium based on EDA, which integrates port power normalization and impedance transformation operations to simplify the processing flow, reduce the complexity of calculation steps, and improve simulation efficiency.
[0004] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:
[0005] Firstly, this application provides a port normalization processing method based on EDA, including the following steps:
[0006] Obtain the eigenmode of the port to be processed and calculate the port input power;
[0007] The port voltage is calculated by using the polygonal path along the mesh edge of the port model as the electric field integration path;
[0008] Calculate the port characteristic impedance and form factor based on the port input power and the port voltage;
[0009] The normalized correspondence of the port electric field is calculated based on the port characteristic impedance and shape factor.
[0010] The port electric field is normalized according to the normalization correspondence.
[0011] In some implementations, obtaining the intrinsic mode of the port to be processed includes:
[0012] The wave equation of the port electric field is solved using the full-wave algorithm to obtain the tangential electric field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port, denoted as . .
[0013] In some implementations, the formula for calculating the port input power is:
[0014] ,
[0015] in, Poynting vector of electromagnetic field The tangential magnetic field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port. Let be the normal vector of the port section. This represents the integral over the port cross section. It is a two-dimensional integral element;
[0016] ,
[0017] in, It is the imaginary unit. It is the frequency of electromagnetic waves. and These are the permittivity and permeability of the waveguide material corresponding to the port, respectively.
[0018] The formula for calculating the input power at the electric field calculation port is as follows:
[0019] ,
[0020] in, The wave impedance is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field, and is determined by the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port.
[0021] In some implementations, calculating the port voltage using a polygonal path along the mesh edges of the port model as the electric field integration path includes:
[0022] With the port center as the origin, set several sets of azimuth angles according to the port shape;
[0023] For each azimuth angle, generate the mesh edge polyline path of the port model that is closest to the ray direction;
[0024] Using the broken line path as the electric field integration path, the electric field integral along the broken line path is calculated to obtain the voltage corresponding to each broken line path;
[0025] The average voltage of each of the said broken line paths is taken as the port voltage.
[0026] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the electric field integral along the piecewise linear path is:
[0027] ,
[0028] in, Indicates integration along the selected path. Let i be the i-th edge on the path. The length of the edge. ( ) are edge basis functions. ( ) is the expansion coefficient of the i-th (j) edge element.
[0029] In some implementations, the formula for calculating the characteristic impedance of the port is:
[0030] ,
[0031] Wherein, P is the input power of the port, and V is the port voltage;
[0032] The formula for calculating the shape factor of the port is:
[0033] ,
[0034] in, The wave impedance is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field, and is determined by the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port.
[0035] In some implementations, the normalized correspondence of the port electric field is as follows:
[0036] ,
[0037] in, The tangential electric field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port; The port electric field is normalized and satisfies
[0038] ,
[0039] For port normalized power, The target wave impedance at the port is, and
[0040] ,
[0041] The target impedance of the port.
[0042] In some implementations, after normalizing the port electric field according to the normalization correspondence, the method further includes:
[0043] The excitation vector of the superfinite element equation is constructed based on the normalized port electric field, and the S-parameters of the corresponding target impedance are obtained by solving the superfinite element equation.
[0044] In a second aspect, this application provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the EDA-based port normalization processing method described in the first aspect.
[0045] Thirdly, this application provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program or instructions thereon, wherein when the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the port normalization processing method based on EDA described in the first aspect are implemented.
[0046] The port normalization processing method, computer device, and storage medium based on EDA provided by the present invention have at least the following technical advantages:
[0047] 1) This solution combines power normalization and impedance transformation operations into the port post-processing stage, eliminating the extra impedance transformation steps in the S-parameter post-processing stage, reducing intermediate data transfer links, and improving processing efficiency, thereby meeting the needs of high-frequency circuits, high-speed interconnects and other scenarios for simplified simulation process and improved calculation accuracy.
[0048] 2) This scheme uses a broken line path along the edge instead of a straight line path for electric field integration, avoiding the errors introduced by traditional interpolation calculations; and by averaging the integration results from multiple azimuth paths, the impact of single path deviation on the calculation results is further reduced.
[0049] 3) This solution is suitable for processing port of any shape and can be seamlessly integrated into the super-limit element simulation module of existing EDA software without the need to reconstruct the core computing framework. Attached Figure Description
[0050] The preferred embodiments will now be described in a clear and easy-to-understand manner, with reference to the accompanying drawings, to further explain the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages, and implementation methods of this solution.
[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of one embodiment of the present invention;
[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a port polyline path according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.
[0054] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown schematically in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, only one of components with the same structure or function is shown schematically, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" can mean not only "only one" but also "more than one".
[0055] In the field of signal integrity simulation using EDA software, the transfinite element method (TEM) has become a core computational tool for handling port-related electromagnetic problems in high-frequency circuits and high-speed interconnects due to its technical advantage of rapidly extracting scattering parameters (S-parameters). It provides an accurate method for injecting and absorbing waveguide or transmission line modes into and from the computational domain through ports. Compared to the TEM, other methods (such as perfectly matched layers or multimode methods) often have limitations: either insufficient accuracy, or the introduction of too many unknowns, or even the generation of full-density blocks in the system matrix related to port unknowns, thus significantly increasing computational costs. In contrast, the TEM not only boasts the highest accuracy but also the best computational efficiency—it utilizes mode functions as basis functions on the ports, minimizing the cost of S-parameter extraction. Normalization of port eigenmodes is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of S-parameter calculation: when the same simulation involves different types of ports, power normalization of each port mode must first be performed; however, the S-parameters obtained by solving the TEM equations usually cannot directly match the preset target impedance, therefore, additional impedance transformation operations are typically required in the S-parameter post-processing stage. This step-by-step processing flow of "power normalization + independent impedance transformation" not only increases the complexity of the calculation steps, but also leads to intermediate data redundancy, significantly reducing simulation efficiency.
[0056] Meanwhile, the accuracy of the port characteristic impedance calculation directly affects the reliability of the simulation results. Characteristic impedance is typically defined using port voltage and input power, where voltage is obtained by integrating the electric field along a specific path on the port surface. Traditional techniques use a straight path for integration, but in discretized triangular mesh elements, interpolation calculations of the electric field along the path are required based on mesh basis functions. This is not only cumbersome but also prone to voltage calculation errors due to interpolation mistakes, thus affecting the accuracy of the characteristic impedance calculation.
[0057] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology, this invention proposes a port post-processing method that integrates power normalization and impedance transformation operations. This method combines power normalization and impedance transformation operations into the port post-processing stage, eliminating the additional impedance transformation step in the S-parameter post-processing stage and reducing intermediate data transfer steps. Furthermore, by optimizing the voltage integration path and using a piecewise linear path along the edge instead of a straight path for electric field integration, it avoids the errors introduced by traditional interpolation calculations, improving the accuracy of port characteristic impedance calculation. This achieves the technical objectives of simplifying the simulation process, improving computational efficiency, and enhancing computational accuracy. The following is a detailed description of this solution with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0058] In one embodiment, refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 This application provides a port normalization processing method based on EDA, including the following steps:
[0059] S100: Obtain the intrinsic mode of the port to be processed and calculate the port input power.
[0060] Before processing, an EDA model of the port to be processed is first constructed, and the port model is divided into several meshes (e.g., triangular meshes). Based on the characteristics of the port to be processed, the intrinsic mode of the port is obtained.
[0061] In one specific implementation, obtaining the eigenmode of the port to be processed includes: solving the wave equation of the port's electric field using a full-wave algorithm to obtain the tangential electric field under the transverse electromagnetic mode of the port, denoted as... .
[0062] The Full-Wave Algorithm is a method for calculating electromagnetic fields that directly solves the complete Maxwell equations numerically without introducing any physical approximations, in contrast to "quasi-static," "circuit approximation," or "high-frequency asymptotic" methods. Its core characteristics are: simultaneous consideration of all components of the electric and magnetic fields (E_x, E_y, E_z, H_x, H_y, H_z); simultaneous consideration of all wave effects such as propagation, radiation, scattering, coupling, dispersion, and loss; and no simplification of geometry, materials, or boundaries, making it applicable to any complex three-dimensional structure. Based on the Full-Wave Algorithm, the wave equation of the port electric field can be solved, thereby obtaining the tangential electric field under the port transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM). The port transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) refers to an electromagnetic wave mode where both the electric and magnetic field components are perpendicular to the propagation direction, i.e., E_z ≡ 0, H_z ≡ 0 (where z is the propagation direction).
[0063] S200. Calculate the port voltage using the polygonal path along the grid edge of the port model as the electric field integration path.
[0064] The port input power can be obtained by integrating the Poynting vector of the electromagnetic field over the port cross-section. The Poynting vector is an instantaneous measure of power flux density in electromagnetic field theory, defined as:
[0065] S(t) = E(t) × H(t),
[0066] The unit is watts per square meter; the direction is perpendicular to E and H, and the direction of energy flow is given by the right-hand rule; the magnitude is the electromagnetic power passing through a unit area instantaneously.
[0067] The formula for calculating the port input power is:
[0068] ,
[0069] in, Poynting vector of electromagnetic field The tangential magnetic field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port. Let be the normal vector of the port section. This represents the integral over the port cross section. It is a two-dimensional integral element.
[0070] The magnetic field can be calculated from the electric field, that is...
[0071] ,
[0072] in, It is the imaginary unit. It is the frequency of electromagnetic waves. and These are the permittivity and permeability of the waveguide material corresponding to the port, respectively.
[0073] Substituting the above magnetic field calculation formula into the port input power calculation formula, we can obtain the formula for calculating port input power from the electric field:
[0074] ,
[0075] in, The wave impedance is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field, and is determined by the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port.
[0076] The key to calculating the port voltage is specifying the electric field integration path. Traditionally, a straight path is used, and the electric field along the path needs to be calculated using triangular basis function interpolation. Considering that vector basis functions (taking the zeroth-order basis function as an example, the higher-order cases are similar) have the following properties:
[0077] ,
[0078] The straight path is replaced by a polygonal path along the edge, which is the mesh edge of the port model. The electric field integral is directly equal to the product of the edge length and the expansion coefficient of the edge element (with a positive or negative sign depending on the path direction). The formula for calculating the electric field integral along the polygonal path is:
[0079] ,
[0080] in, Indicates integration along the selected path. Let i be the i-th edge on the path. The length of the edge. ( ) are edge basis functions. ( ) is the expansion coefficient of the i-th (j) edge element.
[0081] The specific process for calculating the port voltage, using the polygonal path along the mesh edge of the port model as the electric field integration path, is as follows:
[0082] Using the port center as the origin, several sets of azimuth angles are set according to the port shape; for the ray corresponding to each azimuth angle, the mesh edge polyline path of the port model that is closest to the ray direction is generated; using the polyline path as the electric field integration path, the electric field integral along the polyline path is calculated to obtain the voltage of each polyline path; the average value of the voltage of each polyline path is taken as the port voltage.
[0083] In a specific example, refer to the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 2 The port is a regular dodecagonal port. Twelve azimuth angles are set with the port center as the origin. For each azimuth angle, a polygonal path with edges closest to the ray direction is generated (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (As shown by the red line in the middle); calculate the electric field integral along the broken line path according to the above formula, and obtain the voltage of the corresponding path; take the average value of the integral results of the broken line path at different azimuth angles as the port voltage.
[0084] S300: Calculate the port characteristic impedance and form factor based on the port input power and port voltage.
[0085] The port characteristic impedance is calculated based on the port input power (P) obtained in step S100 and the port voltage (V) obtained in step S200. The formula for calculating the port characteristic impedance is as follows:
[0086] ,
[0087] Where P is the port input power and V is the port voltage.
[0088] The characteristic impedance of a port depends not only on the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port, but also on the port's geometry and dimensions. The formula for calculating the port's form factor is:
[0089] ,
[0090] in, The wave impedance is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field, and is determined by the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port.
[0091] S400. Calculate the normalized correspondence of the port electric field based on the port characteristic impedance and shape factor.
[0092] Port electric field before post-processing ( The following equation must be satisfied:
[0093] ,
[0094] Where P is the calculated port input power. The material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port ( , The wave impedance is determined by ( ).
[0095] To ensure that the S-parameters obtained from solving the finite element equations directly correspond to the target impedance at the port ( ), normalized port electric field ( The following formula must be satisfied:
[0096] ,
[0097] For example, in the implementation of the superfind element method, the power of all ports is usually normalized to 1W. The target wave impedance at the port is determined by both the target port impedance and the shape factor.
[0098] ,
[0099] The target impedance of the port.
[0100] By comparing the port electric field before and after post-processing ( The formula that the ) satisfies, and the normalized port electric field ( The formula that must be satisfied yields the normalized correspondence of the port electric field as follows:
[0101] ,
[0102] in, The tangential electric field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port; The normalized port electric field.
[0103] This is the port electric field normalization coefficient. This formula embodies the core concept of "dual normalization" in this invention, namely, the fusion of power normalization and impedance normalization.
[0104] S500: Normalize the port electric field according to the normalization correspondence.
[0105] In some implementations, after normalizing the port electric field according to the normalization correspondence, the method further includes:
[0106] S600. The excitation vector of the transfinite element equation is constructed based on the normalized port electric field. The S-parameters of the corresponding target impedance are obtained by solving the transfinite element equation. These S-parameters ensure both the accuracy of the calculation and direct matching to the preset target impedance. Through the port normalization process of this scheme, at least the following technical effects are achieved:
[0107] 1) This solution combines power normalization and impedance transformation operations into the port post-processing stage, eliminating the extra impedance transformation steps in the S-parameter post-processing stage, reducing intermediate data transfer links, and improving processing efficiency, thereby meeting the needs of high-frequency circuits, high-speed interconnects and other scenarios for simplified simulation process and improved calculation accuracy.
[0108] 2) This scheme uses a broken line path along the edge instead of a straight line path for electric field integration, avoiding the errors introduced by traditional interpolation calculations; and by averaging the integration results from multiple azimuth paths, the impact of single path deviation on the calculation results is further reduced.
[0109] 3) This solution is suitable for processing port of any shape and can be seamlessly integrated into the super-limit element simulation module of existing EDA software without the need to reconstruct the core computing framework.
[0110] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, this application provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the EDA-based port normalization processing method of the foregoing embodiments.
[0111] In one embodiment, based on the foregoing embodiments, this application provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program or instructions thereon, wherein the computer program or instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the EDA-based port normalization processing method of the foregoing embodiments.
[0112] The EDA-based port normalization processing method of this application can be implemented using computer-executable program code. Therefore, these code snippets can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computing device, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, this invention is not limited to any particular hardware and software combination.
[0113] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A port normalization processing method based on EDA, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Obtain the eigenmode of the port to be processed and calculate the port input power; The port voltage is calculated by using the polygonal path along the mesh edge of the port model as the electric field integration path; Calculate the port characteristic impedance and form factor based on the port input power and the port voltage; The normalized correspondence of the port electric field is calculated based on the port characteristic impedance and shape factor. The port electric field is normalized according to the normalization correspondence; The formula for calculating the characteristic impedance of the port is: ， Wherein, P is the input power of the port, and V is the port voltage; The formula for calculating the shape factor of the port is: ， in, The wave impedance is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field, and is determined by the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port. The normalized correspondence of the port electric field is as follows: ， in, The tangential electric field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port; The port electric field is normalized and satisfies ， For port normalized power, The target wave impedance at the port is, and ， The target impedance of the port.
2. The port normalization processing method based on EDA according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the intrinsic mode of the port to be processed includes: The wave equation of the port electric field is solved using the full-wave algorithm to obtain the tangential electric field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port, denoted as . .
3. The port normalization processing method based on EDA according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the port input power is: ， in, Poynting vector of electromagnetic field The tangential magnetic field under the transverse electromagnetic mode at the port. Let be the normal vector of the port section. This represents the integral over the port cross section. It is a two-dimensional integral element; ， in, It is the imaginary unit. It is the frequency of electromagnetic waves. and These are the permittivity and permeability of the waveguide material corresponding to the port, respectively. The formula for calculating the input power at the electric field calculation port is as follows: ， in, The wave impedance is equal to the ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field, and is determined by the material constant of the waveguide corresponding to the port.
4. The port normalization processing method based on EDA according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the port voltage using a polygonal path along the mesh edges of the port model as the electric field integration path includes: With the port center as the origin, set several sets of azimuth angles according to the port shape; For each azimuth angle, generate the mesh edge polyline path of the port model that is closest to the ray direction; Using the broken line path as the electric field integration path, the electric field integral along the broken line path is calculated to obtain the voltage corresponding to each broken line path; The average voltage of each of the said broken line paths is taken as the port voltage.
5. The port normalization processing method based on EDA according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the electric field integral along the broken line path is as follows: ， in, Indicates integration along the selected path. Let i be the i-th edge on the path. The length of the edge. For edge basis functions, Let be the edge element expansion coefficient corresponding to the i-th edge. Let be the edge element expansion coefficient corresponding to the j-th edge.
6. The port normalization processing method based on EDA according to claim 1, characterized in that, After normalizing the port electric field according to the normalization correspondence, the process further includes: The excitation vector of the superfinite element equation is constructed based on the normalized port electric field, and the S-parameters of the corresponding target impedance are obtained by solving the superfinite element equation.
7. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the EDA-based port normalization processing method according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. A computer storage medium storing computer programs or instructions thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the port normalization processing method based on EDA as described in any one of claims 1-6.